WO2019047894A1 - 切削镶刀、切削工具以及切削加工物的制造方法 - Google Patents

切削镶刀、切削工具以及切削加工物的制造方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019047894A1
WO2019047894A1 PCT/CN2018/104371 CN2018104371W WO2019047894A1 WO 2019047894 A1 WO2019047894 A1 WO 2019047894A1 CN 2018104371 W CN2018104371 W CN 2018104371W WO 2019047894 A1 WO2019047894 A1 WO 2019047894A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cutting
cutting insert
insert
grooves
insert according
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2018/104371
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张展龙
Original Assignee
京瓷株式会社
张展龙
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 京瓷株式会社, 张展龙 filed Critical 京瓷株式会社
Priority to CN201880057764.0A priority Critical patent/CN111050960B/zh
Priority to JP2020510596A priority patent/JP6978589B2/ja
Priority to US16/641,113 priority patent/US11541462B2/en
Priority to DE112018004807.1T priority patent/DE112018004807T5/de
Publication of WO2019047894A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019047894A1/zh

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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23BTURNING; BORING
    • B23B27/00Tools for turning or boring machines; Tools of a similar kind in general; Accessories therefor
    • B23B27/14Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material
    • B23B27/16Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material with exchangeable cutting bits or cutting inserts, e.g. able to be clamped
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23BTURNING; BORING
    • B23B27/00Tools for turning or boring machines; Tools of a similar kind in general; Accessories therefor
    • B23B27/14Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material
    • B23B27/16Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material with exchangeable cutting bits or cutting inserts, e.g. able to be clamped
    • B23B27/1614Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material with exchangeable cutting bits or cutting inserts, e.g. able to be clamped with plate-like cutting inserts of special shape clamped against the walls of the recess in the shank by a clamping member acting upon the wall of a hole in the insert
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23CMILLING
    • B23C5/00Milling-cutters
    • B23C5/02Milling-cutters characterised by the shape of the cutter
    • B23C5/10Shank-type cutters, i.e. with an integral shaft
    • B23C5/109Shank-type cutters, i.e. with an integral shaft with removable cutting inserts
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23CMILLING
    • B23C5/00Milling-cutters
    • B23C5/16Milling-cutters characterised by physical features other than shape
    • B23C5/20Milling-cutters characterised by physical features other than shape with removable cutter bits or teeth or cutting inserts
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23CMILLING
    • B23C5/00Milling-cutters
    • B23C5/16Milling-cutters characterised by physical features other than shape
    • B23C5/20Milling-cutters characterised by physical features other than shape with removable cutter bits or teeth or cutting inserts
    • B23C5/202Plate-like cutting inserts with special form
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23BTURNING; BORING
    • B23B2200/00Details of cutting inserts
    • B23B2200/20Top or side views of the cutting edge
    • B23B2200/202Top or side views of the cutting edge with curved cutting edge
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23BTURNING; BORING
    • B23B2205/00Fixation of cutting inserts in holders
    • B23B2205/12Seats for cutting inserts
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23CMILLING
    • B23C2200/00Details of milling cutting inserts
    • B23C2200/04Overall shape
    • B23C2200/0433Parallelogram
    • B23C2200/0438Parallelogram rounded
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23CMILLING
    • B23C2200/00Details of milling cutting inserts
    • B23C2200/16Supporting or bottom surfaces
    • B23C2200/161Supporting or bottom surfaces with projections
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23CMILLING
    • B23C2200/00Details of milling cutting inserts
    • B23C2200/16Supporting or bottom surfaces
    • B23C2200/165Supporting or bottom surfaces with one or more grooves
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23CMILLING
    • B23C2200/00Details of milling cutting inserts
    • B23C2200/20Top or side views of the cutting edge
    • B23C2200/203Curved cutting edges
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23CMILLING
    • B23C2210/00Details of milling cutters
    • B23C2210/04Angles
    • B23C2210/0407Cutting angles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23CMILLING
    • B23C2210/00Details of milling cutters
    • B23C2210/16Fixation of inserts or cutting bits in the tool
    • B23C2210/168Seats for cutting inserts, supports for replacable cutting bits
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23CMILLING
    • B23C5/00Milling-cutters
    • B23C5/02Milling-cutters characterised by the shape of the cutter
    • B23C5/06Face-milling cutters, i.e. having only or primarily a substantially flat cutting surface

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a cutting insert for use in cutting.
  • Patent Document 1 discloses a cutting insert used in a milling tool.
  • the cutting insert described in Patent Document 1 has an upper surface, a lower surface, a first side surface, a second side surface on the opposite side of the first side surface, and a first cutting edge located at a portion where the upper surface intersects the first side surface.
  • the plurality of ridges extend parallel to each other from one of the opposing second side faces toward the other. Attempts to securely secure the cutting insert to the tool holder by the grooves sandwiched by the ridges.
  • Patent Document 1 International Publication 2006/041353
  • a cutting insert based on one aspect includes: an upper surface; a lower surface; a side surface having a first surface and a second surface disposed oppositely between the upper surface and the lower surface; and a first cutting edge At least a portion of a portion of the upper surface that intersects the first surface.
  • the lower surface has a plurality of grooves extending from the first surface side toward the second surface side. Further, in the case of viewing from the lower surface side, when the angle formed by the ridge line intersecting the upper surface and the first surface with the imaginary extension line of the plurality of grooves is set to ⁇ 1, the lower When the angle formed by the ridge line intersecting the first surface and the imaginary extension line is ⁇ 2, ⁇ 2> ⁇ 1.
  • the cutting insert of the above aspect is a cutting insert that can be stably fixed to the holder by performing a slope cutting process or the like.
  • Fig. 1 is a perspective view showing a cutting insert according to an embodiment.
  • Fig. 2 is a front elevational view of the cutting insert shown in Fig. 1 as seen from the upper surface side.
  • Fig. 3 is a front elevational view of the cutting insert shown in Fig. 1 as seen from the lower surface side.
  • Fig. 4 is a side view of the cutting insert shown in Fig. 2 as seen from the direction A1.
  • Fig. 5 is a side view of the cutting insert shown in Fig. 2 as seen from the direction A2.
  • Fig. 6 is an enlarged view of a region A3 shown in Fig. 3.
  • Fig. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing a B1 cross section of the cutting insert shown in Fig. 3;
  • Fig. 8 is a cross-sectional view showing a first modification of the cutting insert shown in Fig. 7;
  • Fig. 9 is a cross-sectional view showing a second modification of the cutting insert shown in Fig. 7;
  • Fig. 10 is a cross-sectional view showing a B2 cross section of the cutting insert shown in Fig. 3;
  • Fig. 11 is a perspective view showing a cutting tool according to an embodiment.
  • Fig. 12 is an enlarged view of a region A4 shown in Fig. 11 .
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic view showing one step of a method of manufacturing a machined product according to an embodiment.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic view showing one step of a method of manufacturing a machined product according to an embodiment.
  • 15 is a schematic view showing one step of a method of manufacturing a machined product according to an embodiment.
  • the cutting insert 1 (hereinafter, also simply referred to as the insert 1) of one embodiment will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
  • each of the drawings referred to below simply shows the main components required for explaining an embodiment for convenience of explanation. Therefore, the insert 1 disclosed below can be provided with any constituent member not shown in each drawing referred to.
  • the dimensions of the members in the respective drawings do not faithfully show the dimensions of the actual constituent members, the dimensional ratio of each member, and the like.
  • the insert 1 of the present embodiment includes an upper surface 3, a lower surface 5 on the opposite side of the upper surface 3, a side surface 7 between the upper surface 3 and the lower surface 5, and an upper surface 3 and a side surface. 7 intersecting ridgeline cutting edge 9.
  • the upper surface 3 has a polygonal shape having a plurality of corners and sides.
  • the upper surface 3 of the present embodiment has a substantially quadrangular shape and thus has four corners and four sides. More specifically, the upper surface 3 of the present embodiment has a substantially parallelogram shape. Therefore, when viewed from the front, the upper surface 3 of the present embodiment is formed to have a rotational symmetry of 180° around the central axis X1.
  • the polygonal shape does not represent the shape of a strict polygon.
  • the four corners of the upper surface 3 of the present embodiment are not formed into strict corners, but are formed into a shape having rounded corners when viewed from the front.
  • the four sides may not have a strict linear shape.
  • the four sides are composed of two long sides and two short sides.
  • the four corners are composed of two relatively large first corners 3a having a radius of curvature and two second corners 3b having a relatively small radius of curvature.
  • the two first corners 3a and the two second corners 3b are respectively located on the diagonal of the upper surface 3.
  • the lower surface 5 is located on the side opposite to the upper surface 3, one turn smaller than the upper surface 3.
  • the lower surface 5 can function as a mounting surface facing the groove of the holder when the insert 1 is attached to the holder. Since the upper surface 3 of the present embodiment has a substantially parallelogram shape, the lower surface 5 of the present embodiment also has a substantially parallelogram shape.
  • the lower surface 5 may also be the same size as the upper surface 3.
  • the shape of the upper surface 3 and the lower surface 5 is not limited to the above.
  • the upper surface 3 and the lower surface 5 have a substantially quadrangular shape, but for example, the upper surface 3 and the lower surface 5 may have a triangular shape, a pentagon shape, a hexagonal shape, or an octagonal shape, respectively.
  • the side surface 7 is connected to the upper surface 3 and the lower surface 5.
  • the side faces 7 of the present embodiment are disposed to face each other, and each includes a first surface 7a and a second surface 7b that are connected to the two short sides of the upper surface 3.
  • the side surface 7 is inclined so as to approach the central axis X1 as it goes from the upper surface 3 side toward the lower surface 5 side.
  • the maximum width in the case where the upper surface 3 of the insert 1 of the present embodiment is viewed from the front is 6 to 25 mm. Further, the height from the lower surface 5 to the upper surface 3 is 1 to 10 mm. Here, the height from the lower surface 5 to the upper surface 3 means the length in the direction parallel to the central axis X1 between the upper end of the upper surface 3 and the lower end of the lower surface 5.
  • the configurations of the upper surface 3, the lower surface 5, and the side surface 7 are not limited to the above-described configurations.
  • the lower surface 5 has the same shape as the upper surface 3, and the outer circumference of the lower surface 5 may overlap the outer circumference of the upper surface 3 in a plan view.
  • the side surface 7 is disposed to be orthogonal to the lower surface 5.
  • the cutting edge 9 is disposed on a ridge line where the upper surface 3 and the side surface 7 intersect.
  • the cutting edge 9 may be disposed on the entire ridge line where the upper surface 3 and the side surface 7 intersect, or the cutting edge 9 may be disposed only on a part of the ridge line where the upper surface 3 and the side surface 7 intersect.
  • the cutting edge 9 can be used to cut a workpiece during cutting.
  • the cutting edge 9 of the present embodiment has a first cutting edge 9a disposed at least a part of a ridge line intersecting the upper surface 3 with the first surface 7a. It can also be said that the first cutting edge 9a is disposed on the short side of the upper surface 3.
  • the lower surface 5 has a plurality of grooves 11 extending from the first surface 7a side toward the second surface 7b side. Since the lower surface 5 has a plurality of grooves 11, the fixing of the insert 1 to the holder is easily stabilized. Further, in the case of viewing from the lower surface 5 side, that is, in the case where the lower surface 5 is viewed from the front, as shown in FIG. 6, the ridge line X2 intersecting the upper surface 3 and the first surface 7a and a plurality of grooves The angle formed by the imaginary extension line X3 of 11 is ⁇ 1, and when the angle formed by the ridge line X4 intersecting the lower surface 5 and the first surface 7a and the imaginary extension line X3 is ⁇ 2, ⁇ 2> ⁇ 1.
  • ⁇ 2 is not the same value as ⁇ 1 but a value larger than ⁇ 1, so that ⁇ 2 is prevented from becoming excessively small. Therefore, when the value of ⁇ 1 is reduced in order to perform the slope processing or the like, the value of ⁇ 2 can be increased. Therefore, the cutting insert 1 which can be stably fixed to the holder can be performed by the slope processing or the like.
  • the lower surface 5 of the example shown in FIG. 3 has a plurality of raised portions 12 extending from the first surface 7a side toward the second surface 7b side. Therefore, it can be considered that the plurality of grooves 11 are respectively located between the plurality of ridges 12. In addition, in other words, it can be considered that the plurality of ridges 12 are respectively located between the plurality of grooves 11.
  • Each of the plurality of raised portions 12 extends from the first surface 7a side toward the second surface 7b side, and is parallel to each other in the example shown in FIG.
  • the ridge portion 12 in the cross section orthogonal to the extending direction of the ridge portion 12, is composed of a flat top portion 12a and two inclined flat faces 12b respectively connected to both ends of the top portion 12a. .
  • the top portion 12a of the raised portion 12 is a flat surface extending from the first surface 7a side toward the second surface 7b side, the plurality of raised portions 12 are less likely to interfere with the holder. Therefore, the load is not easily concentrated on the top portion 12a of the ridge portion 12.
  • the shape of the ridge portion 12 is not limited to a specific structure.
  • the flat top portion 12a and the two convex curved surfaces 12c respectively connected to the both ends of the top portion 12a may be formed.
  • it may be constituted by a convex curved surface 12c.
  • the insert 1 may have a through hole 13 extending from the upper surface 3 toward the lower surface 5 as an example shown in FIG. 1 .
  • the through hole 13 of this embodiment is formed from the center of the upper surface 3 toward the center of the lower surface 5. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the extending direction of the through hole 13 is parallel to the central axis X1.
  • the through hole 13 can be used as a hole for inserting a screw when the insert 1 is screwed and fixed to the holder. It should be noted that the method of fixing the insert 1 to the holder is not limited to the above-described screw fastening. For example, the through hole 13 can also be utilized when the insert 1 is fixed to the holder by a clamp or a rod.
  • the opening portion of the through hole 13 of the upper surface 3 is referred to as a first opening portion 13a
  • the opening portion of the through hole 13 of the lower surface 5 is referred to as a second opening portion 13b.
  • the plurality of grooves 11 may be connected to the second opening portion 13b, or may be separated from the second opening portion 13b as an example shown in FIG. 6.
  • the durability of the insert 1 can be improved.
  • the lower surface 5 when viewed from the lower surface 5 side, the lower surface 5 has a flat first region 5a surrounding the second opening portion 13b, and in the case where the periphery of the second opening portion 13b of the lower surface 5 does not have an uneven shape, The strength of the lower surface 5 around the second opening portion 13b can be increased. Therefore, the durability of the insert 1 can be further improved.
  • the width W1 in the radial direction of the through hole 13 of the first region 5a is constant, the load applied to the first region 5a is easily dispersed, so that the strength of the first region 5a can be improved. Therefore, the durability of the insert 1 can be further improved. It should be noted that the above-described width is not required to be strictly constant as long as the minimum value of the width of the through hole 13 of the first region 5a in the radial direction is 90% or more of the maximum value of the width.
  • the plurality of swelled portions 12 project downward from the first region 5a, and as shown in FIG. 10, from the upper end of the ridge portion 12 to the bulge in the direction along the through hole 13, that is, in the direction along the central axis X1.
  • the width W2 of the lower end of the portion 12 is larger than the width W3 from the first region 5a to the lower end of the raised portion 12, the load applied to the first region 5a is easily shifted to the raised portion 12. Therefore, the durability of the first region 5a can be improved.
  • the plurality of raised portions 12 When viewed from the lower surface 5 side, the plurality of raised portions 12 extend from the first surface 7a side toward the second surface 7b side, respectively, but at this time, at least one of the plurality of raised portions 12 may be made from the first surface.
  • the 7a side extends toward the through hole 13.
  • the raised portion 12 that extends from the first surface 7 a side toward the through hole 13 is referred to as a first raised portion 15 .
  • the first raised portion 15 may have the first inclined surface 15a at the end on the first surface 7a side, and may be located in the through portion.
  • the portion of the first raised portion 15 where the first inclined surface 15a is disposed is a portion where the cutting load is easily applied when the first cutting edge 9a is used for cutting.
  • the first raised portion 15 has the first inclined surface 15a, it is easy to increase the contact area between the insert 1 and the holder which are the portions to which the above-described cutting load is easily applied. Therefore, it is easy to stably hold the insert 1 through the holder.
  • the portion of the first raised portion 15 where the second inclined surface 15b is disposed is a portion to which a load is applied when the insert 1 is screwed and fixed to the holder.
  • the first raised portion 15 has the second inclined surface 15b, it is easy to increase the contact area between the insert 1 and the holder which are the portions to which the above-described load is easily applied. Therefore, it is easy to stably hold the insert 1 through the holder.
  • the load applied to the insert 1 is generally larger than the load applied to the insert 1 when the screw is fastened and fixed to the insert. Therefore, when ⁇ 1 ⁇ ⁇ 2, the load can be easily passed.
  • the tool holder holds the insert 1 more stably.
  • the side surface 7 further has a third surface 7c between the first surface 7a and the second surface 7b.
  • the third face 7c is connected to the long side of the upper surface 3.
  • the cutting edge 9 further has a second cutting edge 9b disposed at least a part of a ridge line intersecting the upper surface 3 and the third surface 7c. It can also be said that the second cutting edge 9b is disposed on the long side of the upper surface 3.
  • the positional deviation of the insert 1 with respect to the holder is less likely to occur.
  • the first cutting edge 9a is disposed on the short side of the upper surface 3
  • the second cutting edge 9b is disposed on the long side of the upper surface 3, so that the second cutting edge 9b is longer than the first cutting edge 9a.
  • the cutting load applied at the time of cutting using the second cutting edge 9b is larger than the cutting load applied when the cutting is performed using the first cutting edge 9a, and therefore, when viewed from the side of the lower surface 5, the same cutting is performed.
  • the positional deviation of the insert 1 is more likely to occur in the direction orthogonal to the second cutting edge 9b than the direction in which the blades 9a are orthogonal.
  • the virtual extension line X3 is substantially parallel to the second cutting edge 9b, the positional deviation of the insert 1 with respect to the holder in the direction orthogonal to the second cutting edge 9b is less likely to occur.
  • Examples of the material of the insert 1 include a super hard alloy or a cermet.
  • Examples of the composition of the cemented carbide include WC-Co, WC-TiC-Co, and WC-TiC-TaC-Co.
  • WC, TiC, and TaC are hard particles
  • Co is a binding phase.
  • the cermet is a sintered composite material obtained by combining a metal and a ceramic component.
  • examples of the cermet include titanium compounds containing titanium carbide (TiC) or titanium nitride (TiN) as main components.
  • the surface of the insert 1 can be covered with a film by a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method or a physical vapor deposition (PVD) method.
  • CVD chemical vapor deposition
  • PVD physical vapor deposition
  • the composition of the film include titanium carbide (TiC), titanium nitride (TiN), titanium carbonitride (TiCN), and aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ).
  • the cutting tool 101 of the present embodiment includes a tool holder 103, a plurality of cutting inserts 1, and a screw 105.
  • the tool holder 103 has a rotation axis O1.
  • the tool holder 103 is a rod-shaped member that extends from the front end side toward the rear end side along the rotation axis O1 when one side of the arrangement insert 1 is the front end side and the opposite side of the front end side is the rear end side.
  • the tool holder 103 rotates around the rotation axis O1.
  • the arrow O2 in FIG. 11 and the like indicates the rotation direction of the tool holder 103.
  • one side close to the rotation axis O1 is set as the inner circumference side
  • the side close to the rotation axis O1 is set as the outer circumference side.
  • the direction from the rear end side toward the front end side of the tool holder 103 is the front end direction
  • the direction from the front end side toward the rear end side of the tool holder 103 is the rear end direction.
  • Examples of the material of the tool holder 103 include steel, cast iron, and aluminum alloy.
  • the size of the tool holder 103 is appropriately set in accordance with the size of the workpiece.
  • the length of the tool holder 103 in the direction along the rotation axis O1 is set to be about 30 to 90 mm.
  • the width (diameter) of the tool holder 103 in the direction orthogonal to the rotation axis O1 is set to about 20 to 500 mm.
  • a plurality of insert pockets 107 are disposed on the outer peripheral side of the tip end side of the holder 103.
  • the groove 107 is a portion to which the insert 1 is attached, and the groove 107 is opened to the outer peripheral side of the front end side of the holder 103 before the insert 1 is attached.
  • the plurality of grooves 107 may be disposed at equal intervals in a rotationally symmetrical manner about the rotational axis O1, or may be disposed at unequal intervals. In the case where the plurality of grooves 107 are provided at equal intervals, it is possible to suppress variations in the load applied to the insert 1 attached to each of the grooves 107.
  • the tool holder 103 has a plurality of grooves 107, and the tool holder 103 is not in the shape of a rod in a strict sense.
  • the insert 1 mounted on the groove 107 is fixed to the holder 103 by screws 105.
  • FIG. 12 an example in which two grooves 107 are provided in the holder 103 and the insert 1 is disposed in each of the two grooves 107 is shown. It should be noted that the number of the grooves 107 and the number of the inserts 1 mounted to the holder 103 are not limited to two. The number of them may be, for example, one or three or more.
  • FIGS. 13 to 15 show a method of manufacturing a machined product. It should be noted that the two-dot chain lines in FIGS. 13 to 15 show the rotation axis O1 of the cutting tool.
  • the machined product is produced by cutting the workpiece 201.
  • the cutting method of the present embodiment includes the following steps. which is,
  • the cutting tool 101 is relatively moved toward the workpiece 201 while rotating the cutting tool 101 around the rotation axis O1.
  • the cutting edge of the insert 1 is brought into contact with the workpiece 201 to cut the workpiece 201.
  • the cutting tool 101 is moved away from the workpiece 201.
  • the workpiece 201 is fixed to bring the cutting tool 101 into close proximity. Further, in FIGS. 13 to 15, the workpiece 201 is fixed and the cutting tool 101 is rotated about the rotation axis O1. In addition, in FIG. 15, the workpiece 201 is fixed and the cutting tool 101 is moved away. In the cutting process of the manufacturing method of the present embodiment, in the respective steps, the workpiece 201 is fixed and the cutting tool 101 is moved. Of course, it is not limited to this.
  • the workpiece 201 may be brought close to the cutting tool 101.
  • the workpiece 201 may be moved away from the cutting tool 101.
  • the process of maintaining the state in which the cutting tool 101 is rotated and bringing the cutting edge of the insert 1 into contact with a different portion of the workpiece 201 may be repeated.
  • the cutting edge to be used is worn, it is only necessary to rotate the insert 1 by 180 degrees around the central axis of the through hole, and an unused cutting edge can be used.
  • the material of the workpiece 201 carbon steel, alloy steel, stainless steel, cast iron, or non-ferrous metal may be mentioned.
  • the rotary tool used in the milling process or the like is shown as the cutting tool 101.
  • the cutting tool 101 using the insert 1 of the present embodiment is not limited to the above-described tool.
  • the cutting tool may be a turning tool used in grooving or the like.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Cutting Tools, Boring Holders, And Turrets (AREA)
  • Milling Processes (AREA)

Abstract

切削镶刀、切削工具以及切削加工物的制造方法,切削镶刀(1)具备:上表面(3);下表面(5);侧面(7),其具有在上表面(3)和下表面(5)之间对置地配置的第一面(7a)以及第二面(7b);以及第一切削刃(9a),其位于在上表面(3)与第一面(7a)相交的部分的至少一部分。下表面(5)具有从第一面(7a)侧朝向第二面(7b)侧延伸的多个槽(11)。在从下表面(5)侧观察的情况下,当将上表面(3)和第一面(7a)相交的棱线与多个槽(11)的假想延长线所成的角度设为θ1,将下表面(5)和第一面(7a)相交的棱线与假想延长线所成的角度设为θ2,θ2>θ1。

Description

切削镶刀、切削工具以及切削加工物的制造方法 技术领域
本发明涉及切削加工中使用的切削镶刀。
背景技术
作为对金属等被切削件进行切削加工时使用的切削工具,已知有铣削工具。例如,在专利文献1中公开了铣削工具中使用的切削镶刀。专利文献1所记载的切削镶刀具有上表面、下表面、第一侧面、位于第一侧面的相反侧的第二侧面、位于上表面与第一侧面相交的部分的第一切削刃、位于上表面与第二侧面相交的部分的第二切削刃、以及位于下表面的被多个***夹着的槽。多个***从对置的第二侧面中的一方朝向另一方相互平行地延伸。尝试通过被这些***夹着的槽而将切削镶刀稳定地固定于刀架。
在先技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:国际公开2006/041353
发明内容
发明所要解决的技术问题
在从下表面侧观察专利文献1所记载的切削镶刀的情况下,第二切削刃和***的假想延长线所成的角、与对置的第二侧面同下表面相交的棱线和***的假想延长线所成的角相同。
在上述的各个角相同的情况下,当这些角较小时,存在难以将切削镶刀稳定地固定于刀架的可能性。另外,当这些角较大时,能够将切削镶刀稳定地固定于刀架,但另一方面,存在难以进行例如坡走加工等的可能性。
用于解决技术问题的手段
基于一个方式的切削镶刀具备:上表面;下表面;侧面,其具有在所述上表面以及所述下表面之间对置地配置的第一面以及第二面;以及第一切削刃,其位于所述上表面与所述第一面相交的部分的至少一部分。所述 下表面具有从所述第一面侧朝向所述第二面侧延伸的多个槽。而且,在从下表面侧观察的情况下,当将所述上表面和所述第一面相交的棱线与多个所述槽的假想延长线所成的角度设为θ1,将所述下表面和所述第一面相交的棱线与所述假想延长线所成的角度设为θ2时,θ2>θ1。
发明效果
根据上述方式的切削镶刀,成为能够进行坡走加工等、并且能够稳定地固定于刀架的切削镶刀。
附图说明
图1是示出一实施方式的切削镶刀的立体图。
图2是从上表面侧观察图1所示的切削镶刀时的主视图。
图3是从下表面侧观察图1所示的切削镶刀时的主视图。
图4是从A1方向观察图2所示的切削镶刀时的侧视图。
图5是从A2方向观察图2所示的切削镶刀时的侧视图。
图6是图3所示的区域A3的放大图。
图7是图3所示的切削镶刀的B1剖面的剖视图。
图8是图7所示的切削镶刀的第一变形例的剖视图。
图9是图7所示的切削镶刀的第二变形例的剖视图。
图10是图3所示的切削镶刀的B2剖面的剖视图。
图11是示出一实施方式的切削工具的立体图。
图12是图11所示的区域A4的放大图。
图13是示出一实施方式的切削加工物的制造方法的一个工序的概要图。
图14是示出一实施方式的切削加工物的制造方法的一个工序的概要图。
图15是示出一实施方式的切削加工物的制造方法的一个工序的概要图。
[符号说明]
1…切削镶刀(镶刀);
3…上表面;
3a…第一角;
3b…第二角;
5…下表面;
5a…第一区域;
7…侧面;
7a…第一面;
7b…第二面;
7c…第三面;
9…切削刃;
9a…第一切削刃;
9b…第二切削刃;
11…***部;
11a…顶部;
11b…平面;
11c…凸曲面;
13…贯通孔;
13a…第一开口部;
13b…第二开口部;
15…第一***部;
15a…第一倾斜面;
15b…第二倾斜面;
101…切削工具;
103…刀架;
105…螺钉;
107…凹槽;
201…被切削件。
具体实施方式
以下,利用附图对一个实施方式的切削镶刀1(以下,也简称为镶刀 1)进行详细说明。其中,以下参照的各图为了便于说明,仅简略地示出为了说明一实施方式所需的主要构件。因此,以下公开的镶刀1能够具备所参照的各图中未示出的任意的构成构件。另外,各图中的构件的尺寸并未如实地示出实际的构成构件的尺寸以及各构件的尺寸比率等。
如图1所示,本实施方式的镶刀1具备上表面3、位于上表面3的相反侧的下表面5、位于上表面3以及下表面5之间的侧面7、位于上表面3与侧面7相交的棱线的切削刃9。
如图2所示,上表面3呈具有多个角以及边的多边形形状。本实施方式的上表面3呈大致四边形的形状,因此具有四个角以及四个边。更具体而言,本实施方式的上表面3呈大致平行四边形的形状。因此,本实施方式的上表面3在从正面观察的情况下,以中心轴X1为中心而形成为180°的旋转对称。
需要说明的是,多边形形状并不表示严格的多边形的形状。例如,本实施方式的上表面3的四个角并未分别形成为严格的角,而形成为在主视观察时带有圆角的形状。另外,四个边也可以不分别呈严格的直线形状。
在图2所示的一例中,四个边由两个长边以及两个短边构成。另外,四个角由曲率半径的相对较大的两个第一角3a、以及曲率半径相对较小的两个第二角3b构成。如图2所示,两个第一角3a以及两个第二角3b分别位于上表面3的对角线上。
下表面5位于与上表面3相反的一侧,比上表面3小一圈。能够使下表面5在将镶刀1安装于刀架时作为朝向刀架的凹槽的安装座面而发挥功能。本实施方式的上表面3呈大致平行四边形,因此本实施方式的下表面5也呈大致平行四边形。下表面5也可以为与上表面3相同的大小。
作为上表面3以及下表面5的形状,不限于上述的方式。在本实施方式的镶刀1中,上表面3以及下表面5的形状呈大致四边形,但例如上表面3以及下表面5也可以分别呈三角形、五边形、六边形或者八边形。
如图4以及图5所示,侧面7与上表面3以及下表面5连接。本实施方式的侧面7相互对置地配置,分别具备与上表面3的两个短边连接的第一面7a以及第二面7b。在本实施方式中,下表面5比上表面3小一圈,因此侧面7以随着从上表面3侧朝向下表面5侧而接近中心轴X1的方式 倾斜。
在主视观察本实施方式的镶刀1的上表面3的情况下的最大宽度为6~25mm。另外,从下表面5到上表面3的高度为1~10mm。在此,从下表面5到上表面3的高度是指,上表面3的上端与下表面5的下端之间的与中心轴X1平行的方向上的长度。
需要说明的是,作为上表面3、下表面5以及侧面7的结构,不限定于上述的结构。例如,在下表面5呈与上表面3相同的形状,在俯视透视的情况下,下表面5的外周也可以与上表面3的外周重叠。在该情况下,侧面7设置为与下表面5正交。
如图1等所示,切削刃9配置在上表面3以及侧面7相交的棱线。此时,可以在上表面3以及侧面7相交的棱线的整体配置切削刃9,另外也可以仅在上表面3以及侧面7相交的棱线的一部分配置切削刃9。切削刃9能够用于在切削加工中对被切削件进行切削。本实施方式的切削刃9具有配置在上表面3与第一面7a相交的棱线的至少一部分的第一切削刃9a。也可以说第一切削刃9a配置在上表面3的短边。
如图3所示,下表面5具有从第一面7a侧朝向第二面7b侧延伸的多个槽11。通过下表面5具有多个槽11,从而镶刀1向刀架的固定容易稳定。并且,在从下表面5侧观察的情况下,即在从正面观察下表面5的情况下,如图6所示,当将上表面3以及第一面7a相交的棱线X2与多个槽11的假想延长线X3所成的角度设为θ1,将下表面5以及第一面7a相交的棱线X4与假想延长线X3所成的角度设为θ2时,θ2>θ1。
这样,θ2并非是与θ1相同的值而是比θ1大的值,因此避免了θ2过度变小。因此,在为了进行坡走加工等而减小θ1的值的情况下,也能够增大θ2的值。因此,成为能够进行坡走加工等、并且能够稳定地固定于刀架的切削镶刀1。
图3所示的一例的下表面5具有从第一面7a侧朝向第二面7b侧延伸的多个***部12。因此,可以视为多个槽11分别位于多个***部12之间。另外,换言之,可以视为多个***部12分别位于多个槽11之间。
多个***部12分别从第一面7a侧朝向第二面7b侧延伸,在图3所示的一例中相互平行。在图7所示的一例中,在与***部12的延伸方向 正交的剖面中,***部12由平坦的顶部12a、以及与该顶部12a的两端分别连接的两个倾斜的平面12b构成。
在***部12的顶部12a为从第一面7a侧朝向第二面7b侧延伸的平坦面的情况下,多个***部12不易与刀架干涉。因此,负载不易集中于***部12的顶部12a。
需要说明的是,***部12的形状不限定于特定的结构,例如可以如图8所示,由平坦的顶部12a、以及与该顶部12a的两端分别连接的两个凸曲面12c构成,另外,也可以如图9所示,由一个凸曲面12c构成。
镶刀1也可以如图1所示的一例那样具有从上表面3朝向下表面5延伸的贯通孔13。需要说明的是,本实施方式的贯通孔13以从上表面3的中心朝向下表面5的中心的方式形成。因此,在本实施方式中,贯通孔13的延伸方向与中心轴X1平行。
贯通孔13能够作为在将镶刀1螺纹紧固固定于刀架时用于***螺钉的孔而使用。需要说明的是,作为将镶刀1固定于刀架的方法,不限定于上述的螺纹紧固固定。例如,在通过夹紧件或者杆将镶刀1固定于刀架时也可以利用贯通孔13。
将上表面3的贯通孔13的开口部分设为第一开口部13a,将下表面5的贯通孔13的开口部分设为第二开口部13b。此时,在从下表面5侧观察的情况下,多个槽11可以与第二开口部13b连接,也可以如图6所示的一例那样与第二开口部13b分离。在多个槽11与第二开口部13b分离的情况下,能够提高镶刀1的耐久性。
这是由于:在将镶刀1螺纹紧固固定于刀架时,在第二开口部13b附近容易施加有较大的负载,在多个槽11与第二开口部13b分离的情况下,在将镶刀1螺纹紧固固定于刀架时,容易使施加于槽11的负载分散至槽11的较大范围。
并且,在从下表面5侧观察的情况下,下表面5具有包围第二开口部13b的平坦的第一区域5a,在下表面5的第二开口部13b的周围不呈凹凸形状的情况下,能够提高第二开口部13b的周围的下表面5的强度。因此,能够进一步提高镶刀1的耐久性。
特别是,在第一区域5a的贯通孔13的径向上的宽度W1恒定的情况 下,容易使施加于第一区域5a的负载分散,因此能够提高第一区域5a的强度。因此,能够进一步提高镶刀1的耐久性。需要说明的是,上述的宽度恒定并不要求严格恒定,只要第一区域5a的贯通孔13的径向上的宽度的最小值为该宽度的最大值的90%以上即可。
另外,多个***部12比第一区域5a向下方突出,如图10所示,在沿着贯通孔13延伸的方向,即沿着中心轴X1的方向上,从***部12的上端到***部12的下端的宽度W2比从第一区域5a到***部12的下端的宽度W3大的情况下,容易使施加于第一区域5a的负载向***部12转移。因此,能够提高第一区域5a的耐久性。
在从下表面5侧观察的情况下,多个***部12分别从第一面7a侧朝向第二面7b侧延伸,但此时也可以使多个***部12中的至少一个从第一面7a侧朝向贯通孔13延伸。在此,将从第一面7a侧朝向贯通孔13延伸的***部12设为第一***部15。
此时,在与贯通孔13的延伸方向平行且包含第一***部15的剖面中,第一***部15也可以具有位于第一面7a侧的端部的第一倾斜面15a、以及位于贯通孔13侧的端部的第二倾斜面15b。
第一***部15中的配置有第一倾斜面15a的部分是在使用第一切削刃9a进行切削加工时容易施加有切削负载的部分。在第一***部15具有第一倾斜面15a的情况下,容易增加上述的容易施加有切削负载的部分的镶刀1与刀架的接触面积。因此,容易通过刀架稳定地保持镶刀1。
另外,第一***部15中的配置有第二倾斜面15b的部分如上述那样是在将镶刀1螺纹紧固固定于刀架时施加有负载的部分。在第一***部15具有第二倾斜面15b的情况下,容易增加上述的容易施加有负载的部分的镶刀1与刀架的接触面积。因此,容易通过刀架稳定地保持镶刀1。
在将第一倾斜面15a的倾斜角设为φ1,将第二倾斜面15b的倾斜角设为φ2的情况下,可以为φ1>φ2,但在图10所示的一例中φ1<φ2。在使用第一切削刃9a进行切削加工时施加于镶刀1的负载通常比在螺纹紧固固定于刀架时施加于镶刀1的负载大,因此在φ1<φ2的情况下,能够容易通过刀架更加稳定地保持镶刀1。
在本实施方式中,侧面7还具有位于第一面7a与第二面7b之间的第 三面7c。第三面7c与上表面3的长边连接。另外,切削刃9还具有配置在上表面3与第三面7c相交的棱线的至少一部分的第二切削刃9b。也可以说第二切削刃9b配置在上表面3的长边。
此时,在从下表面5侧观察的情况下,在多个***部12的假想延长线X3与第二切削刃9b大致平行时,不易产生镶刀1相对于刀架的位置偏移。第一切削刃9a配置在上表面3的短边,第二切削刃9b配置在上表面3的长边,因此第二切削刃9b比第一切削刃9a长。
在使用第二切削刃9b进行切削加工时施加的切削负载比在使用第一切削刃9a进行切削加工时施加的切削负载大,因此在从下表面5侧观察的情况下,同与第一切削刃9a正交的方向相比,在与第二切削刃9b正交的方向上更容易产生镶刀1的位置偏移。然而,在假想延长线X3与第二切削刃9b大致平行的情况下,不易产生与第二切削刃9b正交的方向上的镶刀1相对于刀架的位置偏移。
作为镶刀1的材质,可以列举例如超硬合金或金属陶瓷等。作为超硬合金的组成,例如可以列举WC-Co、WC-TiC-Co以及WC-TiC-TaC-Co。在此,WC、TiC、TaC为硬质粒子,Co为结合相。
另外,金属陶瓷是使金属与陶瓷成分复合而成的烧结复合材料。具体而言,作为金属陶瓷,可以列举以炭化钛(TiC)或者氮化钛(TiN)为主要成分的钛化合物。
虽未特别图示,但镶刀1的表面可以使用化学蒸镀(CVD)法或物理蒸镀(PVD)法而由被膜覆盖。作为被膜的组成,可以列举碳化钛(TiC)、氮化钛(TiN)、碳氮化钛(TiCN)、氧化铝(Al 2O 3)等。
<切削工具>
如图11~12所示,本实施方式的切削工具101具备刀架103、多个切削镶刀1以及螺钉105。
刀架103具有旋转轴O1。刀架103是在将配置镶刀1的一方设为前端侧而将前端侧的相反侧设为后端侧时,沿着旋转轴O1从前端侧朝向后端侧延伸的棒形状的构件。在用于制造切削加工物的被切削件的切削加工时,刀架103以旋转轴O1为中心而旋转。需要说明的是,图11等中的箭头O2表示刀架103的旋转方向。
以下,将接近旋转轴O1的一侧设为内周侧,将远离旋转轴O1的一侧设为外周侧。另外,将从刀架103的后端侧朝向前端侧的方向设为前端方向,将从刀架103的前端侧朝向后端侧的方向设为后端方向。
作为刀架103的材质,可以列举钢、铸铁、铝合金等。刀架103的大小根据被切削件的大小而适当设定。例如,刀架103的沿着旋转轴O1的方向上的长度设定为30~90mm左右。另外,刀架103的与旋转轴O1正交的方向上的宽度(直径)设定为20~500mm左右。
在刀架103的前端侧的外周侧配置有多个镶刀槽107(以下,也称作凹槽107)。凹槽107是供镶刀1安装的部分,在安装镶刀1前,凹槽107向刀架103的前端侧的外周侧开口。多个凹槽107可以以绕旋转轴O1旋转对称的方式以等间隔设置,也可以以不等间隔设置。在多个凹槽107以等间隔设置的情况下,能够抑制向安装于各凹槽107的镶刀1施加的负载的偏差。
由刀架103具有多个凹槽107可知,刀架103并非严格意义上的棒形状。安装于凹槽107的镶刀1通过螺钉105固定于刀架103。
在本实施方式中,如图12所示,示出了在刀架103设置有两个凹槽107且在两个凹槽107中分别配置有镶刀1的例子。需要说明的是,凹槽107的数量以及安装于刀架103的镶刀1的数量不限于两个。它们的数量例如可以为一个,另外也可以为三个以上。
<切削加工物的制造方法>
接下来,利用图13~图15对本发明的一个实施方式的切削加工物的制造方法进行说明。图13~15示出切削加工物的制造方法。需要说明的是,图13~图15的双点划线示出切削工具的旋转轴O1。切削加工物通过对被切削件201进行切削加工而制成。本实施方式的切削方法包括以下的工序。即,
(1)使以上述实施方式为代表的切削工具101旋转的工序;
(2)使旋转的切削工具101的镶刀1与被切削件201接触的工序;以及
(3)使切削工具101从被切削件201离开的工序。
更具体地说,首先,如图13所示,一边使切削工具101绕旋转轴O1 旋转一边使使切削工具101相对地接近被切削件201。接下来,如图14所示,使镶刀1的切削刃与被切削件201接触,从而对被切削件201进行切削。然后,如图15所示,使切削工具101远离被切削件201。
在本实施方式中,将被切削件201固定而使切削工具101接近。另外,在图13~图15中,将被切削件201固定并且使切削工具101绕旋转轴O1旋转。另外,在图15中,将被切削件201固定并且使切削工具101远离。需要说明的是,在本实施方式的制造方法的切削加工中,在各个工序中,将被切削件201固定并且使切削工具101移动,当然不限于这种方式。
例如,也可以在(1)的工序中,使被切削件201接近切削工具101。同样地,也可以在(3)的工序中,使被切削件201远离切削工具101。在继续切削加工的情况下,反复进行维持使切削工具101旋转的状态,使镶刀1的切削刃与被切削件201的不同部位接触的工序即可。在所使用的切削刃磨损时,只需使镶刀1绕贯通孔的中心轴旋转180度,使用未使用的切削刃即可。需要说明的是,作为被切削件201的材质的代表例,可以列举碳钢、合金钢、不锈钢、铸铁、或者非铁金属等。
需要说明的是,在上述的实施方式中,作为切削工具101示出了铣削加工等中使用的旋转工具,但作为使用本实施方式的镶刀1的切削工具101,不限定于上述的工具。例如,切削工具也可以是切槽加工等中使用的车削工具。

Claims (11)

  1. 一种切削镶刀,其特征在于,
    所述切削镶刀具备:上表面;下表面;侧面,其具有在所述上表面和所述下表面之间对置地配置的第一面以及第二面;以及第一切削刃,其位于在所述上表面与所述第一面相交的部分的至少一部分,
    所述下表面具有从所述第一面侧朝向所述第二面侧延伸的多个槽,
    在从下表面侧观察的情况下,当将所述上表面和所述第一面相交的棱线与多个所述槽的假想延长线所成的角度设为θ1,将所述下表面和所述第一面相交的棱线与所述假想延长线所成的角度设为θ2时,θ2>θ1。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的切削镶刀,其特征在于,
    所述切削镶刀还具有从所述上表面延伸至所述下表面的贯通孔,
    在从下表面侧观察的情况下,多个所述槽与所述下表面中的所述贯通孔的开口部分分离。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的切削镶刀,其特征在于,
    在从下表面侧观察的情况下,所述下表面具有包围所述开口部分的平坦的第一区域。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的切削镶刀,其特征在于,
    在从下表面侧观察的情况下,所述第一区域在所述贯通孔的径向上的宽度恒定。
  5. 根据权利要求3或4所述的切削镶刀,其特征在于,
    所述下表面还具有位于多个所述槽之间的多个***部,
    多个所述***部比所述第一区域向下方突出,
    在所述贯通孔延伸的方向上,从所述***部的上端到所述***部的下端的宽度比从所述第一区域到所述***部的所述下端的宽度大。
  6. 根据权利要求2或3所述的切削镶刀,其特征在于,
    所述下表面还具有位于多个所述槽之间的多个***部,
    在从下表面侧观察的情况下,多个所述***部的至少一个具有从所述 第一面侧朝向所述贯通孔延伸的第一***部,
    在与所述贯通孔的延伸方向平行且包含所述第一***部的剖面中,所述第一***部具有位于所述第一面侧的端部的第一倾斜面、以及位于所述贯通孔侧的端部的第二倾斜面。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的切削镶刀,其特征在于,
    在将所述第一倾斜面的倾斜角设为φ1,将所述第二倾斜面的倾斜角设为φ2的情况下,φ1<φ2。
  8. 根据权利要求1或2所述的切削镶刀,其特征在于,
    所述侧面还具备位于所述第一面和所述第二面之间的第三面、以及位于所述上表面与所述第三面相交的部分的至少一部分的第二切削刃,
    在从下表面侧观察的情况下,所述假想延长线与所述第二切削刃平行。
  9. 根据权利要求1或2所述的切削镶刀,其特征在于,
    所述下表面还具有位于多个所述槽之间的多个***部,
    多个所述***部的顶部是从所述第一面侧朝向所述第二面侧延伸的平坦面。
  10. 一种切削工具,其具有:
    刀架,其具有位于前端侧的凹槽;以及
    位于所述凹槽内的权利要求1至9中任一项所述的切削镶刀。
  11. 一种切削加工物的制造方法,其包括:
    使权利要求10所述的切削工具旋转的工序;
    使旋转的所述切削工具与被切削件接触的工序;以及
    使所述切削工具从所述被切削件离开的工序。
PCT/CN2018/104371 2017-09-06 2018-09-06 切削镶刀、切削工具以及切削加工物的制造方法 WO2019047894A1 (zh)

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