WO2018082355A1 - 一种钻头直径可变的高强度材料的打孔机构 - Google Patents

一种钻头直径可变的高强度材料的打孔机构 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018082355A1
WO2018082355A1 PCT/CN2017/094962 CN2017094962W WO2018082355A1 WO 2018082355 A1 WO2018082355 A1 WO 2018082355A1 CN 2017094962 W CN2017094962 W CN 2017094962W WO 2018082355 A1 WO2018082355 A1 WO 2018082355A1
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Prior art keywords
shaft
drill bit
plate
spiral wall
motor
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PCT/CN2017/094962
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
胡贵博
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胡贵博
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Application filed by 胡贵博 filed Critical 胡贵博
Publication of WO2018082355A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018082355A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q5/00—Driving or feeding mechanisms; Control arrangements therefor
    • B23Q5/02—Driving main working members
    • B23Q5/04—Driving main working members rotary shafts, e.g. working-spindles
    • B23Q5/10—Driving main working members rotary shafts, e.g. working-spindles driven essentially by electrical means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B47/00—Constructional features of components specially designed for boring or drilling machines; Accessories therefor
    • B23B47/26—Liftable or lowerable drill heads or headstocks; Balancing arrangements therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B51/00—Tools for drilling machines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q5/00—Driving or feeding mechanisms; Control arrangements therefor
    • B23Q5/22—Feeding members carrying tools or work
    • B23Q5/34—Feeding other members supporting tools or work, e.g. saddles, tool-slides, through mechanical transmission
    • B23Q5/38—Feeding other members supporting tools or work, e.g. saddles, tool-slides, through mechanical transmission feeding continuously
    • B23Q5/46—Feeding other members supporting tools or work, e.g. saddles, tool-slides, through mechanical transmission feeding continuously with variable speed ratio
    • B23Q5/48—Feeding other members supporting tools or work, e.g. saddles, tool-slides, through mechanical transmission feeding continuously with variable speed ratio by use of toothed gears
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B51/00—Tools for drilling machines
    • B23B51/04—Drills for trepanning
    • B23B51/0411—Drills for trepanning with stepped tubular cutting bodies

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of punching technology, and in particular relates to a punching mechanism of a high-strength material with a variable diameter of a drill bit.
  • drills of fixed diameter are often used for punching, and different drill holes are used for different punching holes.
  • the required drill bit has a large diameter and a heavy weight.
  • drilling a plurality of large-aperture holes at the same time it takes a lot of time to carry a plurality of large-diameter drill bits required. Physical strength and time, which are often intolerable, it is necessary to design a perforating mechanism with a variable diameter of the drill bit.
  • the present invention provides a perforating mechanism for a high strength material having a variable diameter of a drill bit to solve the above problems.
  • the present invention discloses a punching mechanism for a high-strength material having a variable diameter of a drill bit, which is achieved by the following technical solutions.
  • a punching mechanism for a high-strength material with variable diameter of a drill bit characterized in that it comprises a motor support, a motor, a motor shaft, a first gear, a scroll spring, a first support plate, a second gear, a cylinder shaft, and a cylinder Wall, cylinder shaft sleeve, sleeve support, inner shaft, second support plate, first spiral wall, centrifugal plate, third support plate, second spiral wall, second rotary wheel, second rotary shaft, second a slider, a drill pipe, a drill bit, a second sliding groove, a first sliding groove, a first sliding block, a first rotating shaft, a first rotating wheel, a first blocking piece, a second blocking piece, and a cylindrical wall plate, wherein
  • the motor is mounted on the motor support, the first gear is mounted on the motor through the motor shaft; the second gear is mounted on the cylinder shaft, the first gear meshes with the second gear, and the cylinder shaft is mounted on the sleeve support
  • the first rotating wheel is mounted with a first rotating shaft, and the first rotating shaft has a first sliding block mounted thereon.
  • the runner is installed in the track of the first spiral wall, the first slider is matched with the first sliding slot;
  • the third supporting plate is mounted at one end of the inner shaft, and the second spiral wall is mounted on the third supporting plate, the cylindrical wall circular plate
  • the second runner has a second runner and is mounted on the outer edge surface of the second support plate through the cylinder wall, and the second runner shaft is mounted on the second runner.
  • a second slider is mounted on the second rotating shaft, the drill is mounted on the second sliding block through the drill rod, the second rotating wheel is mounted in the second spiral wall track, and the second sliding block is slid in the second sliding slot;
  • the inner end and the outer end of the first spiral wall and the second spiral wall are respectively mounted with a second blocking piece and a first blocking piece.
  • the drill bit is also machined with a drill bevel around the drill bit.
  • the outer end of the above-mentioned scroll spring is mounted on the first support plate by a spring block.
  • the above-mentioned cylindrical shaft is mounted inside the cylindrical shaft sleeve through a bearing.
  • the above spring block has a groove.
  • the first support plate, the cylindrical shaft, the second gear and the second support plate form a rotating whole body, and the first spiral wall rotates with the second support plate, and the inner shaft and the centrifugal plate are fixed.
  • the inner shaft rotates with the rotation of the centrifugal plate about the inner shaft axis, and there is a scroll spring between the inner shaft and the cylinder shaft, and the rotational speed or phase difference between the inner shaft and the cylinder shaft is different, and the scroll spring will be Torsional compression;
  • the cylindrical wall and the wall of the cylinder will rotate as the second support rotates; when the first support rotates under the shaft, the first runner will make a centrifugal spiral in the first spiral wall track Movement, the first runner will move from the inner starting end of the first spiral wall to the outer terminal end, and the first slider on the first rotating wheel cooperates with the first sliding slot of the centrifugal plate to drive the centrifugal plate to rotate around the axis of the cylinder shaft during the movement.
  • the phase difference is rotated to reach equilibrium; the compressed scroll spring releases energy when the cylinder shaft stops moving, and the first rotating wheel is reset by driving the inner shaft, the first sliding slot, and the first sliding block;
  • Driving the third support plate and the second spiral wall to rotate because the cylindrical wall circular plate is driven by the second support plate, the second spiral wall and the second support plate will have a phase difference, and the second reverse wheel passes the first
  • the two sliders are subjected to the action of the second sliding groove, rotate in the circumferential direction as the cylindrical wall circular plate rotates, and on the other hand are restricted by the second spiral wall track, because of the phase difference, the first rotating wheel is in the second spiral
  • the spiral movement along the track in the wall, the spiral direction design makes the distance of the first runner in the radial direction from the axis of the cylinder axis increases, the phase difference is larger, the distance cylinder The greater the distance from the axis of the shaft.
  • the drill bit rotates with the cylinder wall on the one hand, and on the other hand, the distance between the drill bit and the rotation center line changes with the speed of the cylinder shaft, and different motor speeds correspond to The diameter of the drill bit that can be drilled.
  • the invention can drill for high-strength materials, and the material strength is high during drilling for high-strength materials, and a suitable one can be found in the case where the diameter of the drilled hole and the elastic modulus of the spiral spring are determined.
  • the motor speed can ensure the diameter of the perforation and ensure sufficient rotation speed and torque to drill the material; during the drilling process, the material will hinder the movement of the drill bit, and the drill bit is subjected to the second spiral wall in the radial direction. Locked, the radial displacement of the drill bit is not affected by the radial reaction force of the material, and the radial position of the drill bit can only change the radial position of the drill bit by changing the movement of the second spiral wall; In the direction, the drill bit is rigidly connected with the motor, and the torque of the motor can be efficiently transmitted to the drill bit; the punching mechanism designed by the invention can control the rotational speed of the motor to control the drillable diameter of the drill bit on the one hand, and the drill bit during the movement process on the other hand. The middle radial position is locked by the second spiral wall, and the material to be drilled cannot change the drill hole diameter due to the hardness, and the strength of the punched material is greater. This effect is more significant use.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view of the overall component distribution.
  • Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of the entire component.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the relative positions of the first chute and the second chute.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic view showing the installation of the third support plate.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic view of the drill bit installation.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic view showing the installation of the cylindrical wall plate.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic view of the installation of the centrifugal plate.
  • Figure 9 is a schematic view showing the installation of the cylinder shaft related structure.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic view of the first runner installation.
  • Figure 11 is a schematic view showing the installation of a scroll spring.
  • Figure 12 is a schematic view of the mounting of the spring block.
  • Figure 13 is a schematic view showing the installation of the first spiral wall.
  • Figure 14 is a schematic view showing the installation of the sleeve bushing and the bushing support.
  • Fig. 1 and 2 it comprises a motor support, a motor, a motor shaft, a first gear, a scroll spring, a first support plate, a second gear, a cylinder shaft, a cylinder wall, a cylinder shaft sleeve, a sleeve support, Inner shaft, second support plate, first spiral wall, centrifugal plate, third support plate, second spiral wall, second rotary wheel, second rotary shaft, second slider, drill pipe, drill bit, second slide a slot, a first sliding slot, a first sliding block, a first rotating shaft, a first rotating wheel, a first blocking piece, a second blocking piece, and a cylindrical wall plate, wherein the motor is mounted on the motor support as shown in FIG.
  • the first gear is mounted on the motor through the motor shaft; the second gear is mounted on the shaft, and the first gear meshes with the second gear, as shown in Figures 2, 9, and 14, the shaft is mounted through the shaft sleeve
  • the first support plate is mounted on the top end of the tubular shaft, and the second support plate is mounted on the other end of the cylindrical shaft and has a certain distance from the side end surface.
  • the first spiral wall is installed at On the second support plate, as shown in Figures 2 and 4, the inner shaft is nested inside the cylinder shaft and both ends protrude from the cylinder shaft, as shown in Fig. 11, the inner end of the scroll spring
  • the outer end is mounted on one end of the inner shaft, and the outer end is mounted on the first support plate.
  • the centrifugal plate has a first sliding slot and is mounted on the other end of the inner shaft; a and b in FIG. 4 are FIG. In the cross section of the a line and the b line, as shown in Figs. 2, 4(b) and 10, the first rotating wheel shaft is mounted on the first rotating wheel, and the first slider is mounted on the rotating shaft of the first rotating wheel, A rotating wheel is installed in the track of the first spiral wall.
  • the first sliding block cooperates with the first sliding groove; as shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 5, the third supporting plate is installed at one end of the inner shaft, and the second The spiral wall is mounted on the third support plate. As shown in FIG.
  • the cylindrical wall circular plate has a second sliding groove and is installed on the outer edge surface of the second supporting plate through the cylindrical wall, as shown in FIG. 4(a).
  • a second rotating shaft is mounted on the second rotating wheel
  • a second sliding block is mounted on the rotating shaft of the second rotating wheel.
  • the drill bit is mounted on the second sliding block through the drill pipe, and the second rotating wheel is mounted.
  • the second slider slides in the second sliding slot; as shown in FIG. 13, the inner starting end of the first spiral wall and the second spiral wall
  • the outer terminal is respectively equipped with a second blocking piece and a first blocking piece. Viewed from the side of the entire mechanism, the first spiral wall and the spiral spring have the same spiral direction and are opposite to the second spiral wall.
  • a drill bevel is also machined around the drill bit.
  • the outer end of the above-mentioned scroll spring is mounted on the first support plate by a spring block.
  • the above-mentioned cylindrical shaft is mounted inside the cylindrical shaft sleeve through a bearing.
  • the spring block has a recess.
  • the first support plate, the cylindrical shaft, the second gear and the second support plate form a rotating whole, and the first spiral wall rotates with the second support plate.
  • the shaft and the centrifugal plate are fixed together, and the inner shaft rotates with the rotation of the centrifugal plate around the inner shaft axis, and a scroll spring is arranged between the inner shaft and the cylinder shaft, and the rotation speed or phase difference between the inner shaft and the cylinder shaft is different, and the vortex
  • the coil spring will be torsionally compressed; the cylindrical wall and the cylinder wall will rotate as the second support plate rotates; when the first support plate rotates under the cylindrical shaft, the first rotary wheel will be in the first spiral wall
  • the centrifugal spiral motion is performed in the track, and the first rotating wheel moves from the inner beginning end to the outer end end of the first spiral wall, and the first sliding block on the first rotating wheel cooperates with the first sliding groove of the centrifugal plate to drive the centrifugal plate.
  • the centrifugal plate drives the inner shaft to rotate, because the centrifugal plate is driven by the rotating wheel, the movement of the rotating wheel moves under the action of the first spiral wall and the centrifugal force, and the rotating wheel and the first spiral wall have relative motion.
  • the rotation of the centrifugal plate with the first spiral wall will produce a phase
  • the difference is such that a phase difference is generated between the inner shaft and the cylinder shaft, and the phase difference causes the scroll spring to be compressed and twisted, and the reaction force of the scroll spring suppresses the generation of the phase difference, and the suppression force of the scroll spring and the rotation of the centrifugal plate
  • the inner shaft rotates synchronously with the cylinder shaft.
  • the phase difference is rotated to reach equilibrium; the compressed scroll spring releases energy when the cylinder shaft stops moving, and the first rotating wheel is reset by driving the inner shaft, the first sliding slot, and the first sliding block;
  • Driving the third support plate and the second spiral wall to rotate because the cylindrical wall circular plate is driven by the second support plate, the second spiral wall and the second support plate will have a phase difference, and the second reverse wheel passes the first
  • the two sliders are subjected to the action of the second sliding groove, rotate in the circumferential direction as the cylindrical wall circular plate rotates, and on the other hand are restricted by the second spiral wall track, because of the phase difference, the first rotating wheel is in the second spiral
  • the wall is helically moved along the track, and the spiral direction is designed such that the distance of the first rotor in the radial direction from the axis of the cylinder shaft increases, and the greater the phase difference, the greater the distance from the cylinder axis.
  • the motor speed corresponds to the drillable diameter of the drill bit.
  • the invention can drill for high-strength materials, and the material strength is high during drilling for high-strength materials, and a suitable one can be found in the case where the diameter of the drilled hole and the elastic modulus of the spiral spring are determined.
  • the motor speed can ensure the diameter of the perforation and ensure sufficient rotation speed and torque to drill the material; during the drilling process, the material will hinder the movement of the drill bit, and the drill bit is subjected to the second spiral wall in the radial direction. Locked, the radial displacement of the drill bit is not affected by the radial reaction force of the material, and the radial position of the drill bit can only change the radial position of the drill bit by changing the movement of the second spiral wall; In the direction, the drill bit is rigidly connected with the motor, and the torque of the motor can be efficiently transmitted to the drill bit; the punching mechanism designed by the invention can control the rotational speed of the motor to control the drillable diameter of the drill bit on the one hand, and the drill bit during the movement process on the other hand. The middle radial position is locked by the second spiral wall, and the material to be drilled cannot change the drill hole diameter due to the hardness, and the strength of the punched material is greater. This effect is more significant use.
  • the specific embodiment is as follows: firstly determine the diameter of the drill hole, the material of the drill hole, and then adjust the motor speed to reach a suitable drilling speed, then turn on the motor, and the motor rotates to drive the drill bit to rotate around the axis of the cylinder shaft, while the first runner is
  • the centrifugal spiral motion in the first spiral wall track drives the centrifugal plate, the inner shaft rotates, the scroll spring compresses, the inner shaft drives the second spiral wall to rotate, and adjusts the radial position of the second rotating wheel so that the second rotating wheel carries
  • the drill bit and the axis of the shaft have a radius of the hole punched, and then the hole is started; after the hole is finished, the motor stops, and after the scroll spring is restored, the inner shaft, the first wheel, and the second wheel are all restored, waiting The next punch.

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Processing Of Stones Or Stones Resemblance Materials (AREA)
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Abstract

一种钻头直径可变的高强度材料的打孔机构，其第一支板（6）、筒轴（8）、第二齿轮（7）、第一螺旋壁（17）、第二支板（16）组成一个旋转整体，内轴（15）、离心板（18）、第二螺旋壁（20）固定在一起，内轴（15）随着离心板（18）围绕内轴轴线的旋转而旋转，内轴（15）与筒轴（8）之间、第二螺旋壁（20）和筒壁圆板（35）存在相位差，相位差会改变钻头的径向位置，进而调节钻孔直径。该打孔机构能够通过控制电机的转速控制钻头的可打孔直径，同时钻头的径向位置被第二螺旋壁锁死，适用于高强度材料的打孔。

Description

一种钻头直径可变的高强度材料的打孔机构 所属技术领域
本发明属于打孔技术领域，尤其涉及一种钻头直径可变的高强度材料的打孔机构。
背景技术
目前打孔常采用固定直径的钻头，不同的打孔孔径使用不同的钻头。对于多个小孔钻孔，如果能够接受换钻头的时间和工作强度的话带上所需的钻头还是比较方便的。但是对于所钻的孔直径较大时，所需的钻头的直径较大、重量很重，对于同时钻多个大孔径的孔时，带上所需要的多个大孔径的钻头将耗费很多的体力和时间，这往往是不能容忍的，所以设计一种钻头直径可变的打孔机构将是非常有必要的。
本发明设计一种钻头直径可变的高强度材料的打孔机构解决如上问题。
发明内容
为解决现有技术中的上述缺陷，本发明公开一种钻头直径可变的高强度材料的打孔机构，它是采用以下技术方案来实现的。
一种钻头直径可变的高强度材料的打孔机构，其特征在于：它包括电机支撑、电机、电机转轴、第一齿轮、涡卷弹簧、第一支板、第二齿轮、筒轴、筒壁、筒轴轴套、轴套支撑、内轴、第二支板、第一螺旋壁、离心板、第三支板、第二螺旋壁、第二转轮、第二转轮转轴、第二滑块、钻杆、钻头、第二滑槽、第一滑槽、第一滑块、第一转轮转轴、第一转轮、第一堵片、第二堵片、筒壁圆板，其中电机安装在电机支撑上，第一齿轮通过电机转轴安装在电机上；第二齿轮安装在筒轴上，第一齿轮与第二齿轮啮合，筒轴通过筒轴轴套安装在轴套支撑上；第一支板安装在筒轴一顶端，第二支板安装在筒轴的另一端且与该侧端面具有一定距离，第一螺旋壁安装在第二支板上，内轴嵌套于筒轴内部且两端均伸出筒轴，涡卷弹簧内端安装在内轴一端上，外端安装在第一支板上，离心板上具有第一滑槽且安装在内轴另一端上，第一转轮上安装有第一转轮转轴，第一转轮转轴上安装有第一滑块，第一转轮安装在第一螺旋壁的轨道中，第一滑块与第一滑槽配合；第三支板安装在内轴一端，第二螺旋壁安装在第三支板上，筒壁圆板上具有第二滑槽且通过筒壁安装在第二支板的外缘面上，第二转轮上安装有第二转轮转轴， 第二转轮转轴上安装有第二滑块，钻头通过钻杆安装在第二滑块上，第二转轮安装在第二螺旋壁轨道中，第二滑块滑动于第二滑槽中；第一螺旋壁和第二螺旋壁的内始端与外终端均分别安装有第二堵片和第一堵片。
作为本技术的进一步改进，上述钻头的四周还加工有钻头斜面。
作为本技术的进一步改进，上述涡卷弹簧外端通过弹簧卡块安装在第一支板上。
作为本技术的进一步改进，上述筒轴通过轴承安装在筒轴轴套内部。
作为本技术的进一步改进，上述弹簧卡块具有凹槽。
相对于传统的打孔技术，本发明中第一支板、筒轴、第二齿轮、第二支板组成一个旋转整体，第一螺旋壁随着第二支板旋转，内轴、离心板固定在一起，内轴随着离心板围绕内轴轴线的旋转而旋转，内轴与筒轴之间具有涡卷弹簧，内轴与筒轴之间的转速或者相位差不同，涡卷弹簧将会被扭转压缩；筒壁圆板、筒壁将会随着第二支板旋转而旋转；当第一支板在筒轴带动下旋转，第一转轮将会在第一螺旋壁轨道中做离心螺旋运动，第一转轮会从第一螺旋壁的内始端向外终端运动，运动中通过第一转轮上的第一滑块与离心板的第一滑槽配合带动离心板围绕筒轴轴线旋转；之后离心板带动内轴旋转，因为离心板通过了转轮带动，转轮的运动在第一螺旋壁和离心力共同作用下运动，转轮与第一螺旋壁是具有相对运动的，离心板与第一螺旋壁的旋转将产生相位差，使得内轴与和筒轴之间产生相位差，相位差导致涡卷弹簧被压缩扭转，涡卷弹簧的反作用力抑制相位差的产生，当涡卷弹簧的抑制力、离心板受到的转轮离心力运动所产的力达到平衡时，内轴与筒轴同步旋转。筒轴获得的速度越大，第一转轮的离心力越大，离心板相对与筒轴的相位差越大，涡卷弹簧就需要较大的压缩形变才能够使内轴与筒轴在较大的相位差下旋转达到平衡；被压缩的涡卷弹簧在筒轴停止运动时能量释放，通过带动内轴、第一滑槽、第一滑块对第一转轮进行复位；另外内轴的旋转带动第三支板和第二螺旋壁旋转，因为筒壁圆板是通过第二支板带动的，那么第二螺旋壁与第二支板旋转将具有相位差，第二转轮一方面通过第二滑块受到第二滑槽的作用，在周向方向随着筒壁圆板旋转而旋转，另一方面受到第二螺旋壁轨道限制作用，因为具有相位差，第一转轮在第二螺旋壁中沿轨道螺旋移动，螺旋方向的设计使得第一转轮沿径向方向距离筒轴轴线的距离增大，相位差越大，距离筒 轴轴线的距离越大。也就是说，当筒轴在第二齿轮带动下，钻头一方面随着筒壁旋转，另一方面，钻头与旋转中心线的距离随着筒轴的速度变化而变化，不同的电机转速对应于钻头的可钻孔的直径。本发明可以针对高强度的材料进行钻孔，在针对高强度材料进行钻孔过程中，材料强度很高，在所钻孔的直径和涡卷弹簧的弹性系数确定的情况下，可以找到一个合适的电机转速，既能保证打孔的直径又能保证具有足够的转速和扭矩对材料进行钻孔；在钻孔过程中，材料将阻碍钻头的运动，钻头在径向方向受到第二螺旋壁的锁死，不会因为钻头受到材料的径向的反作用力而发生径向的位移，钻头径向位置的移动仅能通过改变第二螺旋壁的运动而使钻头的径向位置发生变化；周向方向，钻头与电机刚性连接，能够高效的将电机的扭矩传递到钻头上；本发明设计的打孔机构，一方面可以控制电机的转速控制钻头的可打孔直径，另一方面钻头在运动过程中径向位置被第二螺旋壁锁死，被钻孔的材料无法因为坚硬而改变钻头钻孔直径，被打孔材料强度越大，这种使用效果越显著。
附图说明
图1是整体部件分布示意图。
图2是整体部件结构剖视图。
图3是第一滑槽和第二滑槽相对位置示意图。
图4是第一转孔与第二转孔处的剖面图。
图5是第三支板安装示意图。
图6是钻头安装示意图。
图7是筒壁圆板安装示意图。
图8是离心板安装示意图。
图9是筒轴相关结构安装示意图。
图10是第一转轮安装示意图。
图11是涡卷弹簧安装示意图。
图12是弹簧卡块安装示意图。
图13是第一螺旋壁安装示意图。
图14是筒轴轴套与轴套支撑安装示意图。
图中标号名称：1、电机支撑，2、电机，3、电机转轴，4、第一齿轮，5、涡卷弹簧，6、第一支板，7、第二齿轮，8、筒轴，9、筒壁，13、筒轴轴套，14、轴套支撑，15、内轴，16、第二支板，17、第一螺旋壁，18、离心板，19、第三支板，20、第二螺旋壁，21、第二转轮，22、第二转轮转轴，23、第二滑块，24、钻杆，25、钻头，26、第二滑槽，27、第一滑槽，28、弹簧卡块，29、第一滑块，30、第一转轮转轴，31、第一转轮，32、第一堵片，33、第二堵片，34、钻头斜面，35、筒壁圆板。
具体实施方式
如图1、2所示，它包括电机支撑、电机、电机转轴、第一齿轮、涡卷弹簧、第一支板、第二齿轮、筒轴、筒壁、筒轴轴套、轴套支撑、内轴、第二支板、第一螺旋壁、离心板、第三支板、第二螺旋壁、第二转轮、第二转轮转轴、第二滑块、钻杆、钻头、第二滑槽、第一滑槽、第一滑块、第一转轮转轴、第一转轮、第一堵片、第二堵片、筒壁圆板，其中如图1所示，电机安装在电机支撑上，第一齿轮通过电机转轴安装在电机上；第二齿轮安装在筒轴上，第一齿轮与第二齿轮啮合，如图2、9、14所示，筒轴通过筒轴轴套安装在轴套支撑上；第一支板安装在筒轴一顶端，第二支板安装在筒轴的另一端且与该侧端面具有一定距离，如图2、8所示，第一螺旋壁安装在第二支板上，如图2、4所示，内轴嵌套于筒轴内部且两端均伸出筒轴，如图11所示，涡卷弹簧内端安装在内轴一端上，外端安装在第一支板上，如图8所示，离心板上具有第一滑槽且安装在内轴另一端上；图4中的a、b为图3中的a线和b线的剖面，如图2、4(b)、10所示，第一转轮上安装有第一转轮转轴，第一转轮转轴上安装有第一滑块，第一转轮安装在第一螺旋壁的轨道中，如图8所示，第一滑块与第一滑槽配合；如图2、5所示，第三支板安装在内轴一端，第二螺旋壁安装在第三支板上，如图7所示，筒壁圆板上具有第二滑槽且通过筒壁安装在第二支板的外缘面上，如图4(a)所示，第二转轮上安装有第二转轮转轴，第二转轮转轴上安装有第二滑块，如图6所示，钻头通过钻杆安装在第二滑块上，第二转轮安装在第二螺旋壁轨道中，第二滑块滑动于第二滑槽中；如图13所示，第一螺旋壁和第二螺旋壁的内始端与 外终端均分别安装有第二堵片和第一堵片。从整个机构的侧面看，第一螺旋壁、涡卷弹簧螺旋方向相同，且均与第二螺旋壁相反。
如图6所示，上述钻头的四周还加工有钻头斜面。
如图13所示，上述涡卷弹簧外端通过弹簧卡块安装在第一支板上。
上述筒轴通过轴承安装在筒轴轴套内部。
如图13所示，上述弹簧卡块具有凹槽。
综上所述，如图2、14所示，本发明中第一支板、筒轴、第二齿轮、第二支板组成一个旋转整体，第一螺旋壁随着第二支板旋转，内轴、离心板固定在一起，内轴随着离心板围绕内轴轴线的旋转而旋转，内轴与筒轴之间具有涡卷弹簧，内轴与筒轴之间的转速或者相位差不同，涡卷弹簧将会被扭转压缩；筒壁圆板、筒壁将会随着第二支板旋转而旋转；当第一支板在筒轴带动下旋转，第一转轮将会在第一螺旋壁轨道中做离心螺旋运动，第一转轮会从第一螺旋壁的内始端向外终端运动，运动中通过第一转轮上的第一滑块与离心板的第一滑槽配合带动离心板围绕筒轴轴线旋转；之后离心板带动内轴旋转，因为离心板通过了转轮带动，转轮的运动在第一螺旋壁和离心力共同作用下运动，转轮与第一螺旋壁是具有相对运动的，离心板与第一螺旋壁的旋转将产生相位差，使得内轴与和筒轴之间产生相位差，相位差导致涡卷弹簧被压缩扭转，涡卷弹簧的反作用力抑制相位差的产生，当涡卷弹簧的抑制力、离心板受到的转轮离心力运动所产的力达到平衡时，内轴与筒轴同步旋转。筒轴获得的速度越大，第一转轮的离心力越大，离心板相对与筒轴的相位差越大，涡卷弹簧就需要较大的压缩形变才能够使内轴与筒轴在较大的相位差下旋转达到平衡；被压缩的涡卷弹簧在筒轴停止运动时能量释放，通过带动内轴、第一滑槽、第一滑块对第一转轮进行复位；另外内轴的旋转带动第三支板和第二螺旋壁旋转，因为筒壁圆板是通过第二支板带动的，那么第二螺旋壁与第二支板旋转将具有相位差，第二转轮一方面通过第二滑块受到第二滑槽的作用，在周向方向随着筒壁圆板旋转而旋转，另一方面受到第二螺旋壁轨道限制作用，因为具有相位差，第一转轮在第二螺旋壁中沿轨道螺旋移动，螺旋方向的设计使得第一转轮沿径向方向距离筒轴轴线的距离增大，相位差越大，距离筒轴轴线的距离越大。也就是说，当筒轴在第二齿轮带动下，钻头一方面随着筒壁旋转，另一方面，钻头与旋转中心线的距离随着筒轴的速度变化而变化，不同的 电机转速对应于钻头的可钻孔的直径。本发明可以针对高强度的材料进行钻孔，在针对高强度材料进行钻孔过程中，材料强度很高，在所钻孔的直径和涡卷弹簧的弹性系数确定的情况下，可以找到一个合适的电机转速，既能保证打孔的直径又能保证具有足够的转速和扭矩对材料进行钻孔；在钻孔过程中，材料将阻碍钻头的运动，钻头在径向方向受到第二螺旋壁的锁死，不会因为钻头受到材料的径向的反作用力而发生径向的位移，钻头径向位置的移动仅能通过改变第二螺旋壁的运动而使钻头的径向位置发生变化；周向方向，钻头与电机刚性连接，能够高效的将电机的扭矩传递到钻头上；本发明设计的打孔机构，一方面可以控制电机的转速控制钻头的可打孔直径，另一方面钻头在运动过程中径向位置被第二螺旋壁锁死，被钻孔的材料无法因为坚硬而改变钻头钻孔直径，被打孔材料强度越大，这种使用效果越显著。
具体实施方式如下：首先确定了钻孔的直径、钻孔的材料、然后调节电机转速达到一个合适的钻孔转速，之后打开电机，电机旋转带动钻头围绕筒轴轴线旋转，同时第一转轮在第一螺旋壁轨道中离心螺旋运动，带动离心板、内轴旋转，涡卷弹簧压缩，内轴带动第二螺旋壁旋转，调节第二转轮的径向位置，使第二转轮所带的钻头与筒轴轴线具有所打孔的半径距离，之后开始打孔；打孔结束后，电机停转，在涡卷弹簧恢复后，内轴、第一转轮、第二转轮均恢复，等待下一次的打孔。

Claims (5)

  1. 一种钻头直径可变的高强度材料的打孔机构，其特征在于：它包括电机支撑、电机、电机转轴、第一齿轮、涡卷弹簧、第一支板、第二齿轮、筒轴、筒壁、筒轴轴套、轴套支撑、内轴、第二支板、第一螺旋壁、离心板、第三支板、第二螺旋壁、第二转轮、第二转轮转轴、第二滑块、钻杆、钻头、第二滑槽、第一滑槽、第一滑块、第一转轮转轴、第一转轮、第一堵片、第二堵片、筒壁圆板，其中电机安装在电机支撑上，第一齿轮通过电机转轴安装在电机上；第二齿轮安装在筒轴上，第一齿轮与第二齿轮啮合，筒轴通过筒轴轴套安装在轴套支撑上；第一支板安装在筒轴一顶端，第二支板安装在筒轴的另一端且与该侧端面具有一定距离，第一螺旋壁安装在第二支板上，内轴嵌套于筒轴内部且两端均伸出筒轴，涡卷弹簧内端安装在内轴一端上，外端安装在第一支板上，离心板上具有第一滑槽且安装在内轴另一端上，第一转轮上安装有第一转轮转轴，第一转轮转轴上安装有第一滑块，第一转轮安装在第一螺旋壁的轨道中，第一滑块与第一滑槽配合；第三支板安装在内轴一端，第二螺旋壁安装在第三支板上，筒壁圆板上具有第二滑槽且通过筒壁安装在第二支板的外缘面上，第二转轮上安装有第二转轮转轴，第二转轮转轴上安装有第二滑块，钻头通过钻杆安装在第二滑块上，第二转轮安装在第二螺旋壁轨道中，第二滑块滑动于第二滑槽中；第一螺旋壁和第二螺旋壁的内始端与外终端均分别安装有第二堵片和第一堵片。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种钻头直径可变的高强度材料的打孔机构，其特征在于：上述钻头的四周还加工有钻头斜面。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种钻头直径可变的高强度材料的打孔机构，其特征在于：上述涡卷弹簧外端通过弹簧卡块安装在第一支板上。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种钻头直径可变的高强度材料的打孔机构，其特征在于：上述筒轴通过轴承安装在筒轴轴套内部。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的一种钻头直径可变的高强度材料的打孔机构，其特征在于：上述弹簧卡块具有凹槽。
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