WO2018077340A1 - Method and system for producing a friction lining made of sintered metal - Google Patents

Method and system for producing a friction lining made of sintered metal Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018077340A1
WO2018077340A1 PCT/DE2017/100890 DE2017100890W WO2018077340A1 WO 2018077340 A1 WO2018077340 A1 WO 2018077340A1 DE 2017100890 W DE2017100890 W DE 2017100890W WO 2018077340 A1 WO2018077340 A1 WO 2018077340A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
sintered metal
friction lining
laser sintering
metal powder
friction
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DE2017/100890
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Christian Spandern
Tobias LAREM
Andreas KIMMIG
Original Assignee
Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG filed Critical Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG
Publication of WO2018077340A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018077340A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
    • B22F7/06—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools
    • B22F7/08—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools with one or more parts not made from powder
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
    • B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D65/00—Parts or details
    • F16D65/02—Braking members; Mounting thereof
    • F16D65/04—Bands, shoes or pads; Pivots or supporting members therefor
    • F16D65/092—Bands, shoes or pads; Pivots or supporting members therefor for axially-engaging brakes, e.g. disc brakes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D69/00—Friction linings; Attachment thereof; Selection of coacting friction substances or surfaces
    • F16D69/02—Compositions of linings; Methods of manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
    • B22F2005/005—Article surface comprising protrusions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D13/00—Friction clutches
    • F16D13/58—Details
    • F16D13/60—Clutching elements
    • F16D13/64—Clutch-plates; Clutch-lamellae
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2200/00—Materials; Production methods therefor
    • F16D2200/0004—Materials; Production methods therefor metallic
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2200/00—Materials; Production methods therefor
    • F16D2200/0082—Production methods therefor
    • F16D2200/0086—Moulding materials together by application of heat and pressure
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a system for producing a friction lining made of sintered metal.
  • German Published Patent Application DE 1 189 814 A discloses a sintered friction body made of iron powder and graphite particles. From the German translation DE 690 10 669 T2 of the European patent EP 0 455 695 B1 friction linings are known, which are formed of a metal-ceramic material or of sintered metal. The known friction linings can be attached to support plates by welding or brazing. The object of the invention is to simplify the production of a friction lining made of sintered metal.
  • the object is achieved in a method for producing a friction lining made of sintered metal in that the friction lining of sintered metal is formed by laser sintering.
  • the friction lining made of sintered metal is, for example, a
  • the method of laser sintering per se is known, for example, from the German translation DE 691 20 544 T2 of the European patent EP 0 556 291 B1, the German translation DE 690 31 808 T2 of the European patent EP 0 714 725 B1, the German translation DE 37 51 818 T2 of European Patent EP 0 538 244 B1, German Translation DE 694 09 669 T2 of European Patent EP 0 731 743 B1 and German Patent DE 44 10 046 C1 and DE 44 10 046 C2.
  • a preferred embodiment of the method is characterized in that the friction lining made of sintered metal is built up in layers by laser sintering.
  • the layered structure of the friction lining made of sintered metal is based on a three-dimensional CAD model.
  • a layer of the metal powder and then melted by the laser.
  • the next layer of metal powder is then applied to the cooled and correspondingly solidified layer.
  • the layer thickness of the layers is, for example, one to two hundred micrometers.
  • a further preferred exemplary embodiment of the method is characterized in that a connecting layer is applied to a friction lining carrier before the friction lining made of sintered metal is formed by laser sintering.
  • the tie layer may be applied to the friction lining carrier in a conventional manner.
  • the connection layer can also be applied by laser sintering.
  • the connecting layer is preferably formed of a different material than the friction lining.
  • a further preferred embodiment of the method is characterized in that a sintered metal powder is applied directly to the friction lining carrier and melted by laser sintering.
  • laser sintering it is advantageously possible to dispense with presses, press molds, ovens and possibly also a finishing of the friction linings.
  • the sintered metal powder layer applied directly to the friction lining carrier it is firmly connected to the friction lining carrier. This provides, inter alia, the advantage that a subsequent riveting or soldering of the friction lining on or on the friction lining carrier can be omitted.
  • Another preferred exemplary embodiment of the method is characterized in that the sintered metal powder is applied in layers to the friction lining carrier and is melted by laser sintering in a predetermined pattern in order to depict depressions and / or grooves in the friction lining made of sintered metal.
  • the sintered metal powder is applied in layers to the friction lining carrier and is melted by laser sintering in a predetermined pattern in order to depict depressions and / or grooves in the friction lining made of sintered metal.
  • a further preferred exemplary embodiment of the method is characterized in that the friction lining is formed by laser sintering from a sintered metal mixture based on a metal alloy.
  • the metal alloy on which the sintered metal mixture is based is, for example, a bronze alloy or an iron alloy.
  • the sintered metal mixture used can advantageously be relatively easily varied during laser sintering of the friction lining. As a result, advantageously small batches can be produced economically.
  • a further preferred embodiment of the method is characterized in that the friction lining is formed by laser sintering of a sintered metal mixture with additives. By means of suitable additives, the properties of the friction lining made of sintered metal can advantageously be varied, in particular adjusted.
  • the above object is alternatively or additionally solved by a system for producing a friction lining made of sintered metal, in particular according to a method described above, with a device for coating layers of sintered metal powder on at least one friction lining and with a laser device for laser sintering the sintered metal powder applied in layers the friction lining carrier.
  • a system for producing a friction lining made of sintered metal in particular according to a method described above, with a device for coating layers of sintered metal powder on at least one friction lining and with a laser device for laser sintering the sintered metal powder applied in layers the friction lining carrier.
  • friction linings made of sintered metal can be produced particularly advantageously for small series.
  • the system can be used to produce prototypes of sintered metal friction linings. In this case, it is particularly advantageous to use different sintered metal powders, optionally with different additives, for example for test purposes.
  • a preferred embodiment of the plant is characterized in that the device for the layered application of sintered metal powder comprises a receptacle for at least one Reibbelag uman which is lowered relative to a surface over which sintered metal powder is fed.
  • the friction lining carrier is advantageously lowered before the application of the sintered metal powder, in particular by a height corresponding to a layer thickness to be generated.
  • the sintered metal powder for example, with a doctor blade, evenly distributed on the Reibbelag uman in the recording.
  • the sintered metal powder is melted by means of the laser device. In this case, a laser beam, possibly in a defined pattern, is moved over the sintered metal powder layer.
  • the friction lining carrier After a certain cooling time, the friction lining carrier is lowered by a further layer thickness. Then, the process is repeated with the application and melting of the sintered metal powder.
  • a friction lining made of sintered metal powder with a desired layer thickness can be built up successively.
  • a further preferred embodiment of the system is characterized in that the shape of the receptacle for the friction lining carrier is adapted to the shape of the friction lining carrier.
  • the friction lining carrier has, for example, essentially the shape of a circular disk.
  • Radial inside or radially outside of the friction lining can be provided with a driving structure, which is designed for example as internal teeth or as external teeth.
  • the driving structure serves to represent a rotationally fixed connection between the friction lining carrier and a further element, for example a plate carrier of a friction clutch designed as a multi-plate clutch.
  • the invention further relates to a motor vehicle engine element, in particular a friction clutch or a brake, with at least one friction lining made of sintered metal, which is produced by laser sintering according to a previously described method, in particular with a previously described system.
  • the friction clutch can be a simple clutch or a double clutch that is manually or automatically operated.
  • the invention relates to sintered metal friction linings.
  • the sintered metal friction linings are formed by laser sintering of sintered metal.
  • the friction lining is made of the sintered metal built up in layers by laser sintering.
  • laser sintering the friction lining is particularly advantageous applied directly to a friction lining. As a result, a stable attachment of the friction lining to the friction lining carrier is achieved in a simple manner.
  • the friction lining carrier with the friction lining made of sintered metal is, for example, a friction plate, which can also be referred to as a friction part.
  • Friction blades are preferably designed as inner disks or as outer disks and arranged in a disk set of a multi-plate clutch.
  • the inner disks and the outer disks essentially have the shape of annular disks with rectangular ring cross sections.
  • Each of the inner disks comprises a friction lining carrier shortened also referred to as a lining carrier, which is also referred to as a carrier element, and to which two friction linings are preferably attached.
  • the lining carriers are formed, for example, from a steel material.
  • the lining carrier or carrier elements are also referred to as carrier plates.
  • the friction linings are formed from a suitable sintered metal.
  • the inner disks with their friction linings can be brought into contact with the outer disks.
  • an inner disk is arranged with the lining carrier and the friction linings in an axial direction between two outer disks.
  • the term axial refers to a rotation axis of the disk set. Axial means in the direction or parallel to the axis of rotation. Analog means radially transversely to the axis of rotation.
  • the pad carrier radially inward or radially outwardly each have a coupling region.
  • the coupling regions of the lining carriers are designed, for example, as internal toothing or external toothing.
  • a plant for producing a friction lining made of sintered metal by means of the laser sintering process comprises a device for the layered application of sintered metal powder on at least one Reibbelagashi.
  • the friction lining carrier is advantageously arranged lowerable in or to a surface of the device.
  • Sintered metal powder is applied to the friction lining carrier over the surface of the device or with a further device from above and distributed uniformly on the surface of the friction lining carrier, for example with the aid of a doctor blade.
  • the system for producing the friction lining made of sintered metal further comprises a laser device for laser sintering. With the laser device, the sintered metal powder applied in layers to the friction lining carrier is melted. This results in a firm connection between a first sintered metal powder layer and the friction lining carrier.
  • the first layer or the first layers which is or are produced on the friction lining carrier during laser sintering, can or may essentially have the shape of a circular ring disk. As a result, a stable attachment layer for fastening the friction lining from the sintered metal to the friction lining carrier is achieved in a simple manner.
  • the entire surface of the friction lining carrier is advantageously not scanned or scanned with the laser device.
  • the laser device For showing grooves in almost In any desired shape defined areas are not selectively melted with the laser device.
  • the unmelted sintered metal powder is removed, if appropriate before the application of a further sintered metal powder layer, for example with the aid of a suitable suction device.
  • the removed sintered metal powder may optionally be reused.
  • a desired groove geometry can be produced in the friction lining made of sintered metal starting from a desired friction lining layer thickness by moving or scanning the sintered metal powder surface with the laser device in a specific pattern. Any groove geometries and / or groove depths in the friction lining made of sintered metal can be produced with the laser device.

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for producing a friction lining made of sintered metal. The invention is characterized in that the friction lining made of sintered metal is produced by laser sintering.

Description

Verfahren und Anlage zum Herstellen eines Reibbelags aus Sintermetall  Method and plant for producing a friction lining made of sintered metal
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren und eine Anlage zum Herstellen eines Reibbelags aus Sintermetall. The invention relates to a method and a system for producing a friction lining made of sintered metal.
Aus der deutschen Auslegeschrift DE 1 189 814 A ist ein gesinterter Reibkörper aus Eisenpulver und Graphitteilchen bekannt. Aus der deutschen Übersetzung DE 690 10 669 T2 der europäischen Patentschrift EP 0 455 695 B1 sind Reibbeläge bekannt, die aus einem metallkeramischen Material oder aus Sintermetall gebildet sind. Die bekannten Reibbeläge können durch Schweißen oder Hartlöten an Stützplatten befestigt werden. Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, das Herstellen eines Reibbelags aus Sintermetall zu vereinfachen. German Published Patent Application DE 1 189 814 A discloses a sintered friction body made of iron powder and graphite particles. From the German translation DE 690 10 669 T2 of the European patent EP 0 455 695 B1 friction linings are known, which are formed of a metal-ceramic material or of sintered metal. The known friction linings can be attached to support plates by welding or brazing. The object of the invention is to simplify the production of a friction lining made of sintered metal.
Die Aufgabe ist bei einem Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Reibbelags aus Sintermetall dadurch gelöst, dass der Reibbelag aus Sintermetall durch Lasersintern gebildet wird. Bei dem Reibbelag aus Sintermetall handelt es sich zum Beispiel um einenThe object is achieved in a method for producing a friction lining made of sintered metal in that the friction lining of sintered metal is formed by laser sintering. The friction lining made of sintered metal is, for example, a
Kupplungsreibbelag oder um einen Bremsbelag. Beim Lasersintern wird ein Metallpulver mit Hilfe eines Lasers, gegebenenfalls unter Schutzgaszufuhr, aufgeschmolzen. Dadurch entsteht eine harte Schicht, die, wie sich bei im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung durchgeführten Versuchen und Untersuchungen herausgestellt hat, als Reib- schicht zur Darstellung eines Reibbelags geeignet ist. Durch die Anwendung des Lasersinterverfahrens kann die Herstellung von Sintermetallreibbelägen erheblich vereinfacht werden. Das Verfahren Lasersintern an sich ist bekannt, zum Beispiel aus der deutschen Übersetzung DE 691 20 544 T2 der europäischen Patentschrift EP 0 556 291 B1 , der deutschen Übersetzung DE 690 31 808 T2 der europäischen Patentschrift EP 0 714 725 B1 , der deutschen Übersetzung DE 37 51 818 T2 der europäischen Patentschrift EP 0 538 244 B1 , der deutschen Übersetzung DE 694 09 669 T2 der europäischen Patentschrift EP 0 731 743 B1 sowie den deutschen Patentschriften DE 44 10 046 C1 und DE 44 10 046 C2. Allerdings wird durch die genannten Druckschriften weder offenbart noch nahegelegt, Reibbeläge aus Sintermetall durch Lasersintern zu bilden. Ein bevorzugtes Ausführungsbeispiel des Verfahrens ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Reibbelag aus Sintermetall durch Lasersintern schichtweise aufgebaut wird. Bei dem schichtweisen Aufbau des Reibbelags aus Sintermetall wird zum Beispiel von einem dreidimensionalen CAD-Modell ausgegangen. Beim schichtweisen Aufbau wird sukzessive jeweils eine Schicht aus dem Metallpulver aufgebracht und anschließend durch den Laser aufgeschmolzen. Auf die abgekühlte und entsprechend verfestigte Schicht wird dann die nächste Schicht aus Metallpulver aufgebracht. Die Schichtdicke der Schichten beträgt zum Beispiel ein bis zweihundert Mikrometer. Clutch friction lining or a brake pad. In laser sintering, a metal powder is melted by means of a laser, if appropriate under inert gas supply. This results in a hard layer which, as has been found in tests and investigations carried out in the context of the present invention, is suitable as a friction layer for the representation of a friction lining. By using the laser sintering process, the production of sintered metal friction linings can be considerably simplified. The method of laser sintering per se is known, for example, from the German translation DE 691 20 544 T2 of the European patent EP 0 556 291 B1, the German translation DE 690 31 808 T2 of the European patent EP 0 714 725 B1, the German translation DE 37 51 818 T2 of European Patent EP 0 538 244 B1, German Translation DE 694 09 669 T2 of European Patent EP 0 731 743 B1 and German Patent DE 44 10 046 C1 and DE 44 10 046 C2. However, it is neither disclosed nor suggested by the cited references to form friction linings of sintered metal by laser sintering. A preferred embodiment of the method is characterized in that the friction lining made of sintered metal is built up in layers by laser sintering. The layered structure of the friction lining made of sintered metal, for example, is based on a three-dimensional CAD model. When layered structure is successively applied in each case a layer of the metal powder and then melted by the laser. The next layer of metal powder is then applied to the cooled and correspondingly solidified layer. The layer thickness of the layers is, for example, one to two hundred micrometers.
Ein weiteres bevorzugtes Ausführungsbeispiel des Verfahrens ist dadurch gekenn- zeichnet, dass eine Verbindungsschicht auf einen Reibbelagträger aufgebracht wird, bevor der Reibbelag aus Sintermetall durch Lasersintern gebildet wird. Die Verbindungsschicht kann in herkömmlicher Art und Weise auf den Reibbelagträger aufgebracht werden. Die Verbindungsschicht kann aber gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform auch durch Lasersintern aufgebracht werden. Die Verbindungsschicht ist vorzugsweise aus einem anderen Material als der Reibbelag gebildet. A further preferred exemplary embodiment of the method is characterized in that a connecting layer is applied to a friction lining carrier before the friction lining made of sintered metal is formed by laser sintering. The tie layer may be applied to the friction lining carrier in a conventional manner. However, according to a further embodiment, the connection layer can also be applied by laser sintering. The connecting layer is preferably formed of a different material than the friction lining.
Ein weiteres bevorzugtes Ausführungsbeispiel des Verfahrens ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Sintermetallpulver direkt auf den Reibbelagträger aufgebracht und durch Lasersintern aufgeschmolzen wird. Beim Lasersintern kann vorteilhaft auf Pres- sen, Pressformen, Öfen sowie gegebenenfalls auf eine Endbearbeitung der Reibbeläge verzichtet werden. Beim Aufschmelzen der direkt auf den Reibbelagträger aufgebrachten Sintermetallpulverschicht wird diese fest mit dem Reibbelagträger verbunden. Das liefert unter anderem den Vorteil, dass ein anschließendes Aufnieten oder Anlöten des Reibbelags auf beziehungsweise an den Reibbelagträger entfallen kann. A further preferred embodiment of the method is characterized in that a sintered metal powder is applied directly to the friction lining carrier and melted by laser sintering. In the case of laser sintering, it is advantageously possible to dispense with presses, press molds, ovens and possibly also a finishing of the friction linings. When melting the sintered metal powder layer applied directly to the friction lining carrier, it is firmly connected to the friction lining carrier. This provides, inter alia, the advantage that a subsequent riveting or soldering of the friction lining on or on the friction lining carrier can be omitted.
Ein weiteres bevorzugtes Ausführungsbeispiel des Verfahrens ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Sintermetallpulver schichtweise auf den Reibbelagträger aufgebracht und durch Lasersintern in einem festgelegten Muster aufgeschmolzen wird, um Vertiefungen und/oder Nuten in dem Reibbelag aus Sintermetall darzustellen. Auf- grund der schichtweisen Fertigung mittels Lasersintern kann, vorzugsweise ausgehend von dem dreidimensionalen CAD-Modell, nahezu jede geometrische Form in dem Reibbelag aus dem Sintermetall erzeugt werden. Hierdurch ergibt sich eine sehr große Flexibilität bei den Abmessungen und den Formen der Reibbeläge aus dem Sintermetall. Another preferred exemplary embodiment of the method is characterized in that the sintered metal powder is applied in layers to the friction lining carrier and is melted by laser sintering in a predetermined pattern in order to depict depressions and / or grooves in the friction lining made of sintered metal. On- Because of the layered production by means of laser sintering, preferably starting from the three-dimensional CAD model, almost any geometric shape in the friction lining can be produced from the sintered metal. This results in a very large flexibility in the dimensions and shapes of the friction linings of the sintered metal.
Ein weiteres bevorzugtes Ausführungsbeispiel des Verfahrens ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Reibbelag durch Lasersintern aus einer auf einer Metalllegierung basierten Sintermetallmischung gebildet wird. Bei der Metalllegierung, auf welcher die Sintermetallmischung basiert, handelt es sich zum Beispiel um eine Bronzelegierung oder um eine Eisenlegierung. Die verwendete Sintermetallmischung kann beim Lasersintern des Reibbelags vorteilhaft relativ einfach variiert werden. Hierdurch lassen sich vorteilhaft Kleinserien wirtschaftlich herstellen. Ein weiteres bevorzugtes Ausführungsbeispiel des Verfahrens ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Reibbelag durch Lasersintern aus einer Sintermetallmischung mit Zusatzstoffen gebildet wird. Durch geeignete Zusatzstoffe können die Eigenschaften des Reibbelags aus Sintermetall vorteilhaft variiert, insbesondere eingestellt, werden. Die oben angegebene Aufgabe ist alternativ oder zusätzlich durch eine Anlage zum Herstellen eines Reibbelags aus Sintermetall, insbesondere gemäß einem vorab beschriebenen Verfahren, gelöst, mit einer Vorrichtung zum schichtweisen Auftragen von Sintermetallpulver auf mindestens einen Reibbelagträger und mit einer Lasereinrichtung zum Lasersintern des schichtweise aufgetragenen Sintermetallpulvers auf dem Reibbelagträger. Mit dieser Anlage können besonders vorteilhaft Reibbeläge aus Sintermetall für Kleinserien hergestellt werden. Gemäß einem weiteren Aspekt können mit der Anlage Prototypen von Reibbelägen aus Sintermetall hergestellt werden. Dabei können besonders vorteilhaft unterschiedliche Sintermetallpulver, gegebenenfalls mit verschiedenen Zusatzstoffen, verwendet werden, zum Beispiel zu Testzwecken. A further preferred exemplary embodiment of the method is characterized in that the friction lining is formed by laser sintering from a sintered metal mixture based on a metal alloy. The metal alloy on which the sintered metal mixture is based is, for example, a bronze alloy or an iron alloy. The sintered metal mixture used can advantageously be relatively easily varied during laser sintering of the friction lining. As a result, advantageously small batches can be produced economically. A further preferred embodiment of the method is characterized in that the friction lining is formed by laser sintering of a sintered metal mixture with additives. By means of suitable additives, the properties of the friction lining made of sintered metal can advantageously be varied, in particular adjusted. The above object is alternatively or additionally solved by a system for producing a friction lining made of sintered metal, in particular according to a method described above, with a device for coating layers of sintered metal powder on at least one friction lining and with a laser device for laser sintering the sintered metal powder applied in layers the friction lining carrier. With this system, friction linings made of sintered metal can be produced particularly advantageously for small series. According to a further aspect, the system can be used to produce prototypes of sintered metal friction linings. In this case, it is particularly advantageous to use different sintered metal powders, optionally with different additives, for example for test purposes.
Ein bevorzugtes Ausführungsbeispiel der Anlage ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Vorrichtung zum schichtweisen Auftragen von Sintermetallpulver eine Aufnahme für mindestens einen Reibbelagträger umfasst, der relativ zu einer Oberfläche, über die Sintermetallpulver zugeführt wird, absenkbar ist. Der Reibbelagträger wird vorteil- haft vor dem Aufbringen des Sintermetallpulvers abgesenkt, insbesondere um eine Höhe, die einer zu erzeugenden Schichtdicke entspricht. Danach wird dann das Sintermetallpulver, zum Beispiel mit einem Rakel, gleichmäßig auf dem Reibbelagträger in der Aufnahme verteilt. Danach wird das Sintermetallpulver mit Hilfe der Laserein- richtung aufgeschmolzen. Dabei wird ein Laserstrahl, gegebenenfalls in einem definierten Muster, über die Sintermetallpulverschicht bewegt. Nach einer gewissen Abkühlzeit wird der Reibbelagträger um eine weitere Schichtdicke abgesenkt. Dann wiederholt sich der Vorgang mit dem Aufbringen und Aufschmelzen des Sintermetallpulvers. So kann sukzessive ein Reibbelag aus Sintermetallpulver mit einer gewünschten Schichtdicke aufgebaut werden. A preferred embodiment of the plant is characterized in that the device for the layered application of sintered metal powder comprises a receptacle for at least one Reibbelagträger which is lowered relative to a surface over which sintered metal powder is fed. The friction lining carrier is advantageously lowered before the application of the sintered metal powder, in particular by a height corresponding to a layer thickness to be generated. Thereafter, the sintered metal powder, for example, with a doctor blade, evenly distributed on the Reibbelagträger in the recording. Thereafter, the sintered metal powder is melted by means of the laser device. In this case, a laser beam, possibly in a defined pattern, is moved over the sintered metal powder layer. After a certain cooling time, the friction lining carrier is lowered by a further layer thickness. Then, the process is repeated with the application and melting of the sintered metal powder. Thus, a friction lining made of sintered metal powder with a desired layer thickness can be built up successively.
Ein weiteres bevorzugtes Ausführungsbeispiel der Anlage ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Gestalt der Aufnahme für den Reibbelagträger an die Gestalt des Reibbelagträgers angepasst ist. Der Reibbelagträger hat zum Beispiel im Wesentlichen die Gestalt einer Kreisringscheibe. Radial innen oder radial außen kann der Reibbelagträger mit einer Mitnahmestruktur versehen sein, die zum Beispiel als Innenverzahnung oder als Außenverzahnung ausgeführt ist. Die Mitnahmestruktur dient zur Darstellung einer drehfesten Verbindung zwischen dem Reibbelagträger und einem weiteren Element, zum Beispiel einem Lamellenträger einer als Lamellenkupplung ausgeführten Reibungskupplung. A further preferred embodiment of the system is characterized in that the shape of the receptacle for the friction lining carrier is adapted to the shape of the friction lining carrier. The friction lining carrier has, for example, essentially the shape of a circular disk. Radial inside or radially outside of the friction lining can be provided with a driving structure, which is designed for example as internal teeth or as external teeth. The driving structure serves to represent a rotationally fixed connection between the friction lining carrier and a further element, for example a plate carrier of a friction clutch designed as a multi-plate clutch.
Die Erfindung betrifft des Weiteren ein kraftfahrzeugtechnisches Maschinenelement, insbesondere eine Reibungskupplung oder eine Bremse, mit mindestens einem Reibbelag aus Sintermetall, der gemäß einem vorab beschriebenen Verfahren, insbeson- dere mit einer vorab beschriebenen Anlage, durch Lasersintern hergestellt ist. Bei der Reibungskupplung kann es sich um eine einfache Kupplung oder auch um eine Doppelkupplung handeln, die manuell oder automatisiert betätigt wird. The invention further relates to a motor vehicle engine element, in particular a friction clutch or a brake, with at least one friction lining made of sintered metal, which is produced by laser sintering according to a previously described method, in particular with a previously described system. The friction clutch can be a simple clutch or a double clutch that is manually or automatically operated.
Weitere Vorteile, Merkmale und Einzelheiten der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung, in der verschiedene Ausführungsbeispiele im Einzelnen beschrieben sind. Further advantages, features and details of the invention will become apparent from the following description in which various embodiments are described in detail.
Die Erfindung betrifft Sintermetallreibbeläge. Die Sintermetallreibbeläge werden durch Lasersintern aus Sintermetall gebildet. Dabei wird der Reibbelag aus dem Sintermetall durch Lasersintern schichtweise aufgebaut. Durch das Lasersintern wird der Reibbelag besonders vorteilhaft direkt auf einen Reibbelagträger aufgebracht. Dadurch wird auf einfache Art und Weise eine stabile Befestigung des Reibbelags an dem Reibbelagträger erreicht. The invention relates to sintered metal friction linings. The sintered metal friction linings are formed by laser sintering of sintered metal. The friction lining is made of the sintered metal built up in layers by laser sintering. By laser sintering the friction lining is particularly advantageous applied directly to a friction lining. As a result, a stable attachment of the friction lining to the friction lining carrier is achieved in a simple manner.
Bei dem Reibbelagträger mit dem Reibbelag aus Sintermetall handelt es sich zum Beispiel um eine Reiblamelle, die auch als Reibteil bezeichnet werden kann. Reiblamellen sind vorzugsweise als Innenlamellen oder als Außenlamellen ausgeführt und in einem Lamellenpaket einer Lamellenkupplung angeordnet. Die Innenlamellen und die Außenlamellen haben im Wesentlichen die Gestalt von Kreisringscheiben mit rechteckigen Ringquerschnitten. The friction lining carrier with the friction lining made of sintered metal is, for example, a friction plate, which can also be referred to as a friction part. Friction blades are preferably designed as inner disks or as outer disks and arranged in a disk set of a multi-plate clutch. The inner disks and the outer disks essentially have the shape of annular disks with rectangular ring cross sections.
Die Innenlamellen umfassen jeweils einen verkürzt auch als Belagträger bezeichneten Reibbelagträger, der auch als Trägerelement bezeichnet wird, und an dem vorzugs- weise jeweils zwei Reibbeläge angebracht sind. Die Belagträger sind zum Beispiel aus einem Stahlmaterial gebildet. Je nach Ausführung werden die Belagträger oder Trägerelemente auch als Trägerbleche bezeichnet. Each of the inner disks comprises a friction lining carrier shortened also referred to as a lining carrier, which is also referred to as a carrier element, and to which two friction linings are preferably attached. The lining carriers are formed, for example, from a steel material. Depending on the design, the lining carrier or carrier elements are also referred to as carrier plates.
Die Reibbeläge sind aus einem geeigneten Sintermetall gebildet. In einem Kontaktbe- reich können die Innenlamellen mit ihren Reibbelägen in Kontakt mit den Außenlamellen gebracht werden. Zu diesem Zweck ist jeweils eine Innenlamelle mit dem Belagträger und den Reibbelägen in einer axialen Richtung zwischen zwei Außenlamellen angeordnet. Der Begriff axial bezieht sich auf eine Drehachse des Lamellenpakets. Axial bedeutet in Richtung oder parallel zur Drehachse. Analog bedeutet radial quer zur Drehachse. Die Belagträger weisen radial innen beziehungsweise radial außen jeweils einen Kopplungsbereich auf. Die Kopplungsbereiche der Belagträger sind zum Beispiel als Innenverzahnung oder Außenverzahnung ausgeführt. Die Verzahnungen dienen zum Einhängen der Belagträger in einen entsprechenden Lamellenträger. Eine Anlage zum Herstellen eines Reibbelags aus Sintermetall mit Hilfe des Lasersinterverfahrens umfasst eine Vorrichtung zum schichtweisen Auftragen von Sintermetallpulver auf mindestens einen Reibbelagträger. Der Reibbelagträger ist vorteilhaft absenkbar in beziehungsweise zu einer Oberfläche der Vorrichtung angeordnet. The friction linings are formed from a suitable sintered metal. In a contact area, the inner disks with their friction linings can be brought into contact with the outer disks. For this purpose, in each case an inner disk is arranged with the lining carrier and the friction linings in an axial direction between two outer disks. The term axial refers to a rotation axis of the disk set. Axial means in the direction or parallel to the axis of rotation. Analog means radially transversely to the axis of rotation. The pad carrier radially inward or radially outwardly each have a coupling region. The coupling regions of the lining carriers are designed, for example, as internal toothing or external toothing. The teeth serve to mount the lining carrier in a corresponding plate carrier. A plant for producing a friction lining made of sintered metal by means of the laser sintering process comprises a device for the layered application of sintered metal powder on at least one Reibbelagträger. The friction lining carrier is advantageously arranged lowerable in or to a surface of the device.
Über die Oberfläche der Vorrichtung oder mit einer weiteren Vorrichtung von oben wird Sintermetallpulver auf den Reibbelagträger aufgebracht und, zum Beispiel mit Hilfe eines Rakels, gleichmäßig auf der Oberfläche des Reibbelagträgers verteilt. Die Anlage zum Herstellen des Reibbelags aus Sintermetall umfasst des Weiteren eine Lasereinrichtung zum Lasersintern. Mit der Lasereinrichtung wird das schichtweise auf den Reibbelagträger aufgebrachte Sintermetallpulver aufgeschmolzen. Dadurch ergibt sich eine feste Verbindung zwischen einer ersten Sintermetallpulverschicht und dem Reibbelagträger. Sintered metal powder is applied to the friction lining carrier over the surface of the device or with a further device from above and distributed uniformly on the surface of the friction lining carrier, for example with the aid of a doctor blade. The system for producing the friction lining made of sintered metal further comprises a laser device for laser sintering. With the laser device, the sintered metal powder applied in layers to the friction lining carrier is melted. This results in a firm connection between a first sintered metal powder layer and the friction lining carrier.
Anschließend wird der Reibbelagträger mit der zwischenzeitlich abgekühlten und verfestigten Sintermetallpulverschicht abgesenkt. Dann wird die nächste Sintermetallpulverschicht aufgetragen und aufgeschmolzen. So kann auf einfache Art und Weise fortgefahren werden, bis eine gewünschte Schichtdicke für den herzustellenden Reib- belag erreicht ist. Subsequently, the Reibbelagträger is lowered with the meantime cooled and solidified sintered metal powder layer. Then the next sintered metal powder layer is applied and melted. So it can be continued in a simple manner until a desired layer thickness for the friction lining to be produced is achieved.
Die erste Schicht beziehungsweise die ersten Schichten, die beim Lasersintern auf dem Reibbelagträger erzeugt wird beziehungsweise werden, kann beziehungsweise können im Wesentlichen die Gestalt einer Kreisringscheibe aufweisen. Dadurch wird auf einfache Art und Weise eine stabile Befestigungsschicht zur Befestigung des Reibbelags aus dem Sintermetall auf dem Reibbelagträger erreicht. The first layer or the first layers, which is or are produced on the friction lining carrier during laser sintering, can or may essentially have the shape of a circular ring disk. As a result, a stable attachment layer for fastening the friction lining from the sintered metal to the friction lining carrier is achieved in a simple manner.
Es ist aber auch möglich, beim Aufbringen der ersten Schicht beziehungsweise der ersten Schichten bereits ein Muster in dem Reibbelag aus dem Sintermetall zu erzeu- gen. Ausgehend von einem dreidimensionalen CAD-Modell sind nahezu beliebige Muster auf dem Reibbelagträger mit dem Sintermetallpulver darstellbar. However, it is also possible to generate a pattern in the friction lining from the sintered metal when applying the first layer or the first layers. Starting from a three-dimensional CAD model, virtually any desired pattern can be represented on the friction lining carrier with the sintered metal powder.
Dabei wird vorteilhaft mit der Lasereinrichtung nicht die gesamte Oberfläche des Reibbelagsträgers abgefahren oder abgescannt. Zur Darstellung von Nuten in nahezu beliebiger Form werden definierte Bereiche gezielt nicht mit der Lasereinrichtung aufgeschmolzen. In this case, the entire surface of the friction lining carrier is advantageously not scanned or scanned with the laser device. For showing grooves in almost In any desired shape defined areas are not selectively melted with the laser device.
Das nicht aufgeschmolzene Sintermetallpulver wird, gegebenenfalls vor dem Aufbrin- gen einer weiteren Sintermetallpulverschicht, zum Beispiel mit Hilfe einer geeigneten Absaugeinrichtung, entfernt. Das entfernte Sintermetallpulver kann gegebenenfalls wieder verwendet werden. The unmelted sintered metal powder is removed, if appropriate before the application of a further sintered metal powder layer, for example with the aid of a suitable suction device. The removed sintered metal powder may optionally be reused.
Nachdem die erste Schicht beziehungsweise die ersten Schichten aus Sintermetall- pulver flächig aufgeschmolzen wurde beziehungsweise wurden, kann ab einer gewünschten Reibbelagsschichtdicke durch Bewegen oder Abscannen der Sintermetallpulveroberfläche mit der Lasereinrichtung in einem bestimmten Muster eine gewünschte Nutgeometrie in dem Reibbelag aus Sintermetall hergestellt werden. Mit der Lasereinrichtung können beliebige Nutgeometrien und/oder Nuttiefen in dem Reibbe- lag aus Sintermetall erzeugt werden. After the first layer or the first layers of sintered metal powder has been or have been melted over a surface, a desired groove geometry can be produced in the friction lining made of sintered metal starting from a desired friction lining layer thickness by moving or scanning the sintered metal powder surface with the laser device in a specific pattern. Any groove geometries and / or groove depths in the friction lining made of sintered metal can be produced with the laser device.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1 . Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Reibbelags aus Sintermetall, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Reibbelag aus Sintermetall durch Lasersintern gebildet wird. 1 . Method for producing a friction lining made of sintered metal, characterized in that the friction lining of sintered metal is formed by laser sintering.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Reibbelag aus Sintermetall durch Lasersintern schichtweise aufgebaut wird. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the friction lining made of sintered metal is built up in layers by laser sintering.
3. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Verbindungsschicht auf einen Reibbelagträger aufgebracht wird, bevor der Reibbelag aus Sintermetall durch Lasersintern gebildet wird. 3. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a connecting layer is applied to a Reibbelagträger before the friction lining is formed of sintered metal by laser sintering.
4. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Sintermetallpulver direkt auf einen Reibbelagträger aufgebracht und durch Lasersintern aufgeschmolzen wird. 4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that a sintered metal powder is applied directly to a Reibbelagträger and melted by laser sintering.
5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 3 oder 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Sintermetallpulver schichtweise auf den Reibbelagträger aufgebracht und durch Lasersintern in einem festgelegten Muster aufgeschmolzen wird, um Vertiefungen und/oder Nuten in dem Reibbelag aus Sintermetall darzustellen. 5. The method according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the sintered metal powder is applied in layers on the Reibbelagträger and melted by laser sintering in a predetermined pattern to represent depressions and / or grooves in the friction lining of sintered metal.
6. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Reibbelag durch Lasersintern aus einer auf einer Metalllegierung basierten Sintermetallmischung gebildet wird. 6. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the friction lining is formed by laser sintering of a metal alloy based on a sintered metal mixture.
7. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Reibbelag durch Lasersintern aus einer Sintermetallmischung mit Zusatzstoffen gebildet wird. 7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the friction lining is formed by laser sintering of a sintered metal mixture with additives.
8. Anlage zum Herstellen eines Reibbelags aus Sintermetall, insbesondere gemäß einem Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, mit einer Vorrichtung zum schichtweisen Auftragen von Sintermetallpulver auf mindestens einen Reibbelagträger und mit einer Lasereinrichtung zum Lasersintern des schichtweise aufgetragenen Sintermetallpulvers auf dem Reibbelagträger. 8. Plant for producing a friction lining made of sintered metal, in particular according to a method according to one of the preceding claims, comprising a device for coating layers of sintered metal powder on at least one Reibbelagträger and with a laser device for laser sintering of the layers deposited sintered metal powder on the Reibbelagträger.
9. Anlage nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Vorrichtung zum schichtweisen Auftragen von Sintermetallpulver eine Aufnahme für mindestens einen Reibbelagträger umfasst, der relativ zu einer Oberfläche, über die Sintermetallpulver zugeführt wird, absenkbar ist. 9. Plant according to claim 8, characterized in that the device for the layered application of sintered metal powder is a receptacle for at least a friction lining carrier which is lowerable relative to a surface via which sintered metal powder is supplied.
10. Anlage nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Gestalt der Aufnahme für den Reibbelagträger an die Gestalt des Reibbelagträgers angepasst ist. 10. Plant according to claim 9, characterized in that the shape of the receptacle for the friction lining carrier is adapted to the shape of the friction lining carrier.
PCT/DE2017/100890 2016-10-27 2017-10-17 Method and system for producing a friction lining made of sintered metal WO2018077340A1 (en)

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