WO2018023712A1 - 登机桥调平机构及登机桥 - Google Patents

登机桥调平机构及登机桥 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018023712A1
WO2018023712A1 PCT/CN2016/093554 CN2016093554W WO2018023712A1 WO 2018023712 A1 WO2018023712 A1 WO 2018023712A1 CN 2016093554 W CN2016093554 W CN 2016093554W WO 2018023712 A1 WO2018023712 A1 WO 2018023712A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
boarding bridge
rod
leveling mechanism
leveling
limiting
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2016/093554
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
向卫
石磊
李治胜
Original Assignee
中国国际海运集装箱(集团)股份有限公司
深圳中集天达空港设备有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 中国国际海运集装箱(集团)股份有限公司, 深圳中集天达空港设备有限公司 filed Critical 中国国际海运集装箱(集团)股份有限公司
Priority to PCT/CN2016/093554 priority Critical patent/WO2018023712A1/zh
Priority to EP16911307.3A priority patent/EP3495277B1/en
Priority to ES16911307T priority patent/ES2901924T3/es
Publication of WO2018023712A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018023712A1/zh
Priority to US16/265,568 priority patent/US10710744B2/en

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64F—GROUND OR AIRCRAFT-CARRIER-DECK INSTALLATIONS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH AIRCRAFT; DESIGNING, MANUFACTURING, ASSEMBLING, CLEANING, MAINTAINING OR REPAIRING AIRCRAFT, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; HANDLING, TRANSPORTING, TESTING OR INSPECTING AIRCRAFT COMPONENTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B64F1/00—Ground or aircraft-carrier-deck installations
    • B64F1/30—Ground or aircraft-carrier-deck installations for embarking or disembarking passengers
    • B64F1/305—Bridges extending between terminal building and aircraft, e.g. telescopic, vertically adjustable
    • B64F1/3055—Bridges extending between terminal building and aircraft, e.g. telescopic, vertically adjustable with hinged head interface between aircraft and passenger bridge
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64F—GROUND OR AIRCRAFT-CARRIER-DECK INSTALLATIONS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH AIRCRAFT; DESIGNING, MANUFACTURING, ASSEMBLING, CLEANING, MAINTAINING OR REPAIRING AIRCRAFT, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; HANDLING, TRANSPORTING, TESTING OR INSPECTING AIRCRAFT COMPONENTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B64F1/00—Ground or aircraft-carrier-deck installations
    • B64F1/30—Ground or aircraft-carrier-deck installations for embarking or disembarking passengers
    • B64F1/305—Bridges extending between terminal building and aircraft, e.g. telescopic, vertically adjustable
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
    • E01D15/00—Movable or portable bridges; Floating bridges
    • E01D15/005—Movable bridges in general ; Constructional elements peculiar to movable bridges

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to a leveling mechanism and, in particular, to a boarding bridge leveling mechanism.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic view of a conventional boarding bridge leveling mechanism.
  • the conventional boarding bridge leveling mechanism 10 includes a driving device 11, a swing link 12, an active lever 13, a first detecting switch 14, and a leveling wheel 15.
  • the driving device 11 is mounted on the boarding bridge 100 (see FIG. 2), one end of the swinging rod 12 is hinged to the driving device 11, the other end is hinged to one end of the active rod 13, and the other end of the active rod 13 is mounted.
  • the first detecting switch 14 and the leveling wheel 15 are described.
  • the first detecting switch 14 can be, for example, a limit switch or an encoder, and the leveling wheel 15 can be a rubber wheel.
  • the driving device 11 drives the swing rod 12 to drive the active rod 13 to move the leveling wheel 15 to contact and maintain a certain pressure to press on the aircraft fuselage.
  • the passenger gets on or off the plane or loads and unloads the cargo, the aircraft The body will rise or fall, and due to the pressure between the leveling wheel 15 and the aircraft fuselage, during the ascent or descent of the aircraft fuselage, the leveling wheel 15 will roll on the aircraft fuselage, and due to the leveling wheel 15
  • the first detecting switch 14 can detect the signal of the leveling wheel 15 rotating relative to the active rod 13, and provide the detected signal to a PLC, and the PLC calculates according to the received signal. From the rising or falling distance of the aircraft fuselage, the front end of the control boarding bridge 100 is raised or lowered following the aircraft fuselage, so that the boarding bridge is always kept at a suitable height position of the aircraft fuselage.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of the initial position of the boarding bridge abutting the aircraft and the position of the boarding bridge after it has risen.
  • the rear end of the boarding bridge 100 is hinged to a fixed building such as the terminal 200, and the boarding bridge 100 can be telescoped forward and backward so that its front end portion can abut against the aircraft fuselage.
  • the front end portion of the PLC control boarding bridge 100 rises or falls.
  • the current structure of the boarding bridge 100 determines that the front end portion of the boarding bridge 100 will simultaneously expand and contract at the same time as it rises or falls.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of the initial position of the boarding bridge abutting the aircraft and the position of the boarding bridge after it has risen.
  • the rear end of the boarding bridge 100 is hinged to a fixed building such as the terminal 200, and the boarding bridge 100 can be telescoped forward and backward so that its front end portion can abut against the aircraft fuselage.
  • the bridge 100 produces a displacement ⁇ L in the horizontal direction.
  • the hinge point between the active rod 13 and the swing rod 12 of the leveling mechanism will also move back and forth, and the leveling wheel 15 of the leveling mechanism remains pressed against the aircraft.
  • the forward and backward movement of the hinge point between the active rod 13 and the swinging rod 12 is bound to cause the leveling wheel 15 to roll up and down on the aircraft fuselage, and the leveling wheel 15 rolling up and down means that the leveling wheel 15 is relatively
  • the relative rotation of the active rod 13 occurs. This relative rotation is detected by the detecting means mounted on the active lever 13, thereby causing the PLC to misjudge that the aircraft fuselage is floating up and down, thereby causing a detection error.
  • FIG. 3 there is shown a schematic diagram of the inspection error due to the angular variation of the active rod in the leveling mechanism.
  • the front end portion of the boarding bridge 100 is telescopically displaced G in the horizontal direction, and in this process, one end portion of the active lever 13 is changed from an initial position (see a solid line) to a position away from the aircraft (see a broken line).
  • the angle change ⁇ is generated, and the other end of the active rod 13 generates a displacement H in the vertical direction, which is equivalent to the horizontal movement of the leveling wheel 15 along the aircraft fuselage.
  • the front-rear expansion and contraction of the front end portion of the boarding bridge 100 in the horizontal direction changes, and the hinge point of the lower end portion of the active rod 13 is moved back and forth, and the angle of the active rod 13 relative to the leveling wheel 15 also changes accordingly.
  • the detecting device mounted on the active lever 13 detects that the PLC misjudges that the leveling wheel 15 moves up and down the aircraft fuselage, thereby causing a detection error.
  • Figure 4 shows the detection error curve of a conventional boarding bridge leveling mechanism. It can be seen from Fig. 4 that as the retraction distance of the front end of the boarding bridge 100 increases (more and more away from the aircraft), the detection error curve caused by the change of the horizontal distance shows a sharp upward trend, which means that the horizontal distance is The detection error caused by the change increases sharply as the retraction distance of the front end portion of the boarding bridge 100 increases; at the same time, as shown in FIG.
  • the active lever 13 angle shows an upward trend, that is, the detection error caused by the angular change of the active rod 13 also gradually increases as the retracted distance of the front end portion of the boarding bridge 100 increases, since the total detection error is the horizontal distance.
  • the leveling wheel 15 of the boarding leveling mechanism can also move linearly with the boarding bridge before and after, the detection error can be avoided.
  • the mechanism for realizing the front and rear telescopic linear motion of the leveling wheel 15 needs to be applied to a guide rail, a slider or a roller, but in actual use, since the aircraft body has a certain curvature, the aircraft will give this when it rises or falls.
  • the linear motion mechanism has an upward or downward component force, which tends to cause linear motion to stick or the guide rail to deform, so the mechanism is unreliable.
  • a main object of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art described above, and to provide a boarding bridge leveling mechanism with high inspection accuracy and reliable operation;
  • Another main object of the present invention is to provide a boarding bridge in which the boarding bridge leveling mechanism of the present invention is installed.
  • the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
  • a boarding bridge leveling mechanism is mounted on a boarding bridge.
  • the boarding bridge leveling mechanism includes a four-bar linkage mechanism, a pre-tensioning device and a driving device.
  • the four-bar linkage mechanism includes a mounting seat and three rods, and the mounting seat can be fixedly mounted on the boarding bridge; one of the three rods protrudes outward, and the end of the outwardly protruding rod
  • the first detecting switch is configured to detect the up-and-down displacement of the leveling wheel in an aircraft fuselage; one end of the pre-tensioning device is connected to the mounting seat, and the other end is connected
  • the pre-tensioning device has a pre-tensioning force on one of the three rods to maintain the outwardly extending rod to maintain an outwardly extending tendency.
  • the three rods of the four-bar linkage mechanism include an active rod, a driven rod and a mounting rod, and a lower portion of the active rod is hinged to the mounting seat; a lower end portion of the driven rod is hinged to the a mounting rod, the driven rod is located above the active rod; one end of the mounting rod is hinged to an upper end portion of the driven rod, the other end portion is outwardly extended and the leveling wheel is mounted and the first a detecting switch; an upper end portion of the active rod is hinged to the mounting rod.
  • one end of the tension spring is connected to the lower end of the active rod, and the other end is connected to the mounting seat.
  • the hinged position of the upper end portion of the active lever and the mounting rod is adjacent to a hinge point of the mounting rod and the driven rod.
  • a side surface of the active rod facing the mounting rod is an inclined surface, and the inclined surface can be attached to the mounting rod in a state in which the boarding bridge leveling mechanism is stowed Hehe.
  • the length ratio of the active rod, the driven rod and the mounting rod is (1.1 to 1.3): (0.9 to 1.1): (1.1 to 1.3).
  • the active rod and/or the driven rod and/or the mounting rod are hollow tubular.
  • the boarding bridge leveling mechanism further includes a driving device mounted to the mounting seat for driving the mounting rod to extend outward or retract.
  • the mounting seat has an inclined plate portion, a hollow portion and an opening, and the driven rod and the active rod are respectively hinged to the upper and lower ends of the inclined plate portion.
  • the lower end portion of the active rod of the hollow portion protrudes into the hollow portion from an opening of the mounting seat, and the driving device is mounted on the hollow portion and can drive the active rod The lower end rotates the active rod about its hinge point with the mount.
  • the boarding bridge leveling mechanism further includes a drawbar having one end connected to the lower portion of the active rod and the other end connected to the driving device.
  • the boarding bridge leveling mechanism further includes a housing assembly that is receivable within the housing assembly when the boarding bridge leveling mechanism is in the stowed condition.
  • the cover assembly includes a fixed cover, a left open door and a right open door, and a fixed cover fixed to the mount and having an accommodation space and an opening; and a side of the left door One side of the opening of the fixed cover is hinged; one side of the right open door is hinged to the other side of the opening of the fixed cover, and the left and right open doors can close the opening in a closed state.
  • the cover assembly further includes at least two torsion springs, at least two limiting members and a door opening mechanism, and at least two torsion springs are respectively disposed on the left and right opening doors and the fixed cover body a joint, the torsion force of the torsion spring keeps the left opening door and the right opening door open; at least two limiting members are respectively used to limit the maximum angle at which the left opening door and the right opening door can be opened; the opening mechanism is used for automatically opening Or close the left and right open doors.
  • the door opening mechanism includes a limiting rod and two limiting plates, the limiting rod is fixed to the mounting rod, and both ends of the limiting rod protrude from the mounting rod; Two limiting plates are respectively fixed on the inner side of the left opening door and the right opening door, and each of the limiting plates has a limiting portion protruding inward; the two ends of the limiting rod respectively have two said limits
  • the position cooperation work completes the opening and closing of the left and right door.
  • each of the two ends of the limiting rod is respectively mounted with a collision block, and the two of the collision blocks press the two ends of the limiting rod to complete the opening of the left opening door and the right opening door respectively. And closed.
  • the limiting portion is provided with a through hole
  • the fixing cover body is provided with a fixing piece corresponding to the position of the limiting plate
  • the fixing piece is provided with a through hole
  • the limiting piece is a rod member is disposed through the through hole in the limiting portion and the through hole in the fixing piece, and the top end of the rod member is provided with a limiting cap.
  • the limiting portion is provided with a through hole
  • the opening of the fixed cover body is provided with a flange
  • the flange is provided with a through hole
  • the limiting member is a rod
  • the rod member is disposed through the through hole on the limiting portion and the through hole in the flange, and the limiting rod is disposed at the top end of the rod.
  • the boarding bridge leveling mechanism further comprises: a contact aircraft detecting component for detecting whether the leveling wheel contacts the aircraft fuselage.
  • the boarding bridge leveling mechanism further includes a support, a bracket and a tension spring, the support is fixed to the end of the mounting rod; the one end of the bracket is mounted with the leveling wheel, and the other end is Rotatablely coupled to the mount; a tension spring coupled between the bracket and the mount; the contact aircraft detection assembly including a mounting rod a second detecting switch of the end, when the leveling wheel does not contact the aircraft fuselage, the elastic member causes the second detecting switch not to be triggered, when the leveling wheel contacts and is pressed against the aircraft fuselage a reaction force of the aircraft body against the leveling wheel enables the bracket to be rotated through an angle about a hinge point of the bracket and the bracket, the bracket triggering the second detecting switch, the first The second detection switch sends a trigger signal.
  • the angle of rotation of the bracket around the hinge point of the bracket and the support ranges from 5° to 10°.
  • the contact aircraft detecting assembly further includes a limiting member mounted on the support and located above the bracket for limiting the effect of the bracket on the tension spring Turn clockwise.
  • the boarding bridge leveling mechanism further includes a leveling wheel seat, the leveling wheel is mounted on the leveling wheel base, the leveling wheel seat has an opposite upper side and a lower side a side, the mounting rod has an opposite upper side and a lower side, and an upper side of the leveling wheel base is hingedly connected to an upper side of the mounting rod by a hinge, and a lower side of the leveling wheel base is a compression spring is mounted between the lower sides of the mounting rod;
  • the contact aircraft detecting assembly includes a second detecting switch mounted on the leveling wheel base and a fitting mounted on the mounting rod, when the leveling The wheel does not contact the aircraft fuselage, the elastic member prevents the second detecting switch from being triggered, and when the leveling wheel contacts and presses against the aircraft fuselage, the reaction force of the aircraft fuselage against the leveling wheel
  • the angled wheel base can be rotated around the hinge wheel base and the hinge shaft of the support by an angle, the mating member triggers the second detecting switch, and the second
  • the driving device drives the active lever to rotate by telescopic length thereof
  • the contact aircraft detecting component further includes a third detecting switch mounted to the driving device when the driving device When shortened to the shortest length, the third detection switch is triggered to issue a trigger signal.
  • the boarding bridge leveling mechanism further includes a contact aircraft detecting assembly for detecting whether the leveling wheel contacts an aircraft fuselage, the drawbar has a recess
  • the contact aircraft detecting component includes a second detecting switch installed at a position corresponding to the recessed portion of the lower end of the active lever, and when the second detecting switch contacts or approaches the recess, the adjusting The flat wheel is not in contact with the aircraft fuselage, and when the second detecting switch is away from the recess, the second detecting switch is triggered to issue a trigger signal.
  • a boarding bridge includes a telescopic boarding bridge itself, the front end of which is mounted with at least one boarding bridge leveling mechanism of the present invention.
  • the boarding bridge leveling mechanism of the invention comprises a four-bar linkage mechanism and a pre-tensioning device, the leveling wheel and the first detecting switch are mounted on one of the four-bar linkage mechanisms, and the boarding bridge leveling mechanism receives
  • the up and open state corresponds to the stowed and open state of the four-bar linkage mechanism, and since the four-bar linkage mechanism is not prone to jamming during the stowage and opening process,
  • the smoothing of the flat wheel is smooth; at the same time, the pre-tightening device with pre-tightening force keeps the leveling wheel outward.
  • the leveling wheel touches the aircraft fuselage, it is pressed against the aircraft with a certain pressure.
  • the flat wheel can reliably contact the aircraft fuselage.
  • the boarding bridge telescopic process corresponds to the change process of the boarding bridge leveling mechanism in the stowed state and the open state; the stowed state of the boarding bridge leveling mechanism and the open state changing process correspond to the stowed state of the four-bar linkage mechanism and
  • the state transition process is opened, so in the process of changing the stowed state and the open state of the boarding bridge leveling mechanism, the motion trajectory of the center of the leveling wheel installed in the four-bar linkage mechanism can be approximately linear, and the approximation of the leveling wheel
  • the linear motion trajectory is relatively large compared to the aircraft fuselage, and the displacement generated in the horizontal direction is large, and the displacement variation in the up and down direction is small. Therefore, the boarding bridge leveling mechanism of the present invention can be used. Effectively reduce the detection error caused by the telescopic extension of the boarding bridge.
  • the approximate linear trajectory is slightly downward in the main working area of the leveling mechanism, so that the rods for mounting the leveling wheel and the first detecting switch are relatively adjusted.
  • the detection error caused by the change of the angle of the flat wheel will offset some of the detection errors caused by the telescopic expansion of the boarding bridge, which makes the detection more accurate.
  • Figure 1 shows a schematic view of a conventional boarding bridge leveling mechanism.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic view showing the initial position of the boarding bridge abutting the aircraft and the position of the front end of the boarding bridge.
  • Figure 3 shows a schematic diagram of the inspection error caused by the angular change of the active rod in the leveling mechanism.
  • Figure 4 shows the detection error curve of a conventional boarding bridge leveling mechanism.
  • FIG. 5A is a perspective view showing the structure of an exemplary boarding bridge leveling mechanism in an open state according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 5B is a front elevational view showing the state in which the boarding bridge leveling mechanism shown in Fig. 5A is in contact with the aircraft fuselage.
  • FIG. 5C is a schematic view showing the movement locus of the leveling wheel in the boarding bridge leveling mechanism shown in FIG. 5A.
  • Figure 5D shows the detection error curve of the boarding bridge leveling mechanism shown in Figure 5A.
  • FIG. 6A is a perspective view showing the three-dimensional structure of an exemplary boarding bridge leveling mechanism according to the present invention, wherein the boarding bridge leveling mechanism is housed in a housing assembly.
  • FIG. 6B is a perspective view showing the structure of the boarding bridge leveling mechanism shown in FIG. 6A, in which the leveling wheel protrudes out of the housing assembly.
  • Fig. 6C is a schematic partial cross-sectional view taken along line E-E of the boarding bridge leveling mechanism shown in Fig. 6A.
  • Fig. 6D is a schematic partial cross-sectional view taken along line F-F of the boarding bridge leveling mechanism shown in Fig. 6B.
  • Fig. 7A is a partial perspective view, taken along the G-G plane, of the boarding bridge leveling mechanism shown in Fig. 5A, showing a structure in contact with the aircraft detecting assembly.
  • Fig. 7B is a schematic partial cross-sectional view taken along line H-H of the boarding bridge leveling mechanism shown in Fig. 5A, showing a state in which the leveling wheel is not in contact with the aircraft.
  • Fig. 7C is a partial perspective view, taken along line H-H, of the boarding bridge leveling mechanism shown in Fig. 5A, showing the state in which the leveling wheel contacts the aircraft.
  • Fig. 8 shows a K-direction view of Fig. 6B showing another structure in contact with the aircraft detecting assembly.
  • the invention concept of the boarding bridge leveling mechanism of the invention is that the movement track of the leveling wheel in the telescopic process of the boarding bridge is changed by installing the leveling wheel on a four-bar linkage mechanism, so that the movement track of the leveling wheel is approximated.
  • the present invention reduces the displacement of the leveling wheel in the up and down direction during the telescopic process of the boarding bridge by mounting the leveling wheel on a four-bar linkage mechanism. Therefore, by using the boarding bridge leveling mechanism of the present invention, the detection error caused by the telescopic extension of the boarding bridge can be effectively reduced.
  • FIG. 5A is a schematic perspective view showing an exemplary boarding bridge leveling mechanism of the present invention in an open state
  • FIG. 5B is a view showing the boarding bridge leveling mechanism and the aircraft body shown in FIG. 5A.
  • the boarding bridge leveling mechanism of the present invention is mounted on a boarding bridge for controlling the front end of the boarding bridge to follow the aircraft fuselage ascending or descending so that the boarding bridge is always in a proper position against the aircraft fuselage.
  • an embodiment of the boarding bridge leveling mechanism of the present invention includes: a mount 2, an active rod 31, a follower rod 32, a mounting rod 33, a driving device 41, a drawbar 34, and a tension spring. 51.
  • the mount 2, the active lever 31, the follower lever 32, and the mounting lever 33 can form a four-bar linkage mechanism, and the mounting lever 33 is extended beyond the four-bar linkage mechanism.
  • the mount 2 can usually be fixedly mounted to the side of the front end of the boarding bridge.
  • the active lever 31 is hinged to the mount 2 at its lower portion adjacent its lower end position.
  • the lower end of the follower lever 32 is hinged to the mount 2, and the follower lever 32 is located above the active lever 31.
  • One end portion of the mounting rod 33 is hinged to the upper end portion of the follower lever 32, and the other end portion is attached with the first detecting switch 6 and the leveling wheel 7.
  • the first detection switch 6 can be, for example, a limit switch or an encoder whose arrangement on the leveling wheel 7 can be identical to the prior art.
  • At least one of the active lever 31, the driven lever 32 and the mounting lever 33 may have a hollow tubular shape, which can reduce the cost.
  • the driving device 41 is mounted to the mount 2 and is capable of driving the lower end portion of the active lever 31 to rotate about its hinge point with the mount 2.
  • the specific structure of the driving device 41 can be various, such as a cylinder, a cylinder, a motor and a rack and pinion mechanism, a motor and a worm gear mechanism, a motor and a screw nut mechanism, and the like.
  • the main function of the drive unit 41 is to automatically retract the boarding bridge leveling mechanism of the present invention. In some other embodiments, the boarding leveling mechanism may be manually retracted without setting the driving device, or the boarding bridge leveling mechanism may not be taken up.
  • the drawbar 34 is connected to the lower portion of the active lever 31, and the other end is connected to the driving device 41.
  • the drawbar 34 may be rigid or flexible. In some other embodiments, the drawbar 34 may not be provided.
  • the tension spring 51 has a preloading force, under which the leveling wheel 7 of the boarding bridge leveling mechanism always keeps outwardly, so that the aircraft body can be contacted with a certain pressure. 500, making the contact of the leveling wheel 7 with the aircraft fuselage 500 more reliable.
  • the tension spring 51 may be replaced by other preloading devices such as compression springs, torsion springs, counterweight devices, constant torque motors, resilient rubber members, and the like.
  • the upper end of the active lever 31 is hinged to the mounting rod 33.
  • the upper end portion of the active lever 31 is adjacent to the hinge point B of the mounting lever 33 and the driven lever 32 at the hinge point C of the mounting lever 33, that is, the upper end portion of the active lever 31 is at the mounting lever.
  • the hinge point C of 33 is located between the midpoint A of the length of the mounting bar 33 and the upper end of the mounting bar 33 and the hinge point B of the follower bar 32. Further, the distance between the upper end portion of the active lever 31 at the hinge point C of the mounting lever 33 to the hinge point B of the mounting lever 33 and the driven lever 32 is less than or equal to 1/4 of the entire length of the mounting lever 33.
  • One side of the driving rod 31 facing the mounting rod 33 is an inclined surface 311 which is attached to the mounting rod 33 in a stowed state of the boarding bridge leveling mechanism. This can reduce the volume of the boarding bridge leveling mechanism of the present invention when it is stowed.
  • the length ratio of the active rod 31, the driven rod 32, and the mounting rod 33 may range from (1.1 to 1.3): (0.9 to 1.1): The change between (1.1 and 1.3), for example, the length ratio of the active rod 31, the driven rod 32, and the mounting rod 33 may be 1.2:1:1.2, or 1.1:0.9:1.3, or 1.3:1.1:1.1, and the like.
  • the boarding bridge leveling mechanism of the present invention is opened under the action of a preloading device such as the tension spring 51.
  • the open state of the bridge leveling mechanism corresponds to the extended state of the leveling wheel 7.
  • the tension spring 51 has a preload force that pulls the lower end portion of the active lever 31 so that the active lever 31 rotates clockwise about its hinge point D with the mount 2, and the follower lever 32 then wraps around it.
  • the hinge point F of the mount 2 is rotated clockwise, so that the active lever 31 pushes the mounting lever 33 to rotate counterclockwise about the hinge point B of the mounting lever 33 and the follower lever 32, and the leveling wheel 7 attached to the end of the mounting lever 33 is mounted. Then, it rotates counterclockwise and protrudes away from the mounting seat 2 until it stops in contact with an obstacle such as the aircraft fuselage 500. At this time, due to the action of the tension spring 51, the leveling wheel 7 is pressed against the aircraft with a certain pressure. On the fuselage 500.
  • the driving device 41 drives the lower end portion of the active lever 31, and the driving force of the driving device 41 can overcome the force of the tension spring 51, so that the active lever 31 rotates counterclockwise about its hinge point D with the mount 2, and the follower rod 32 rotates counterclockwise around its hinge point F with the mount 2, so that the active lever 31 pulls the mounting rod 33 around the mounting rod 33 and the slave
  • the hinge point B of the moving rod 32 rotates clockwise
  • the leveling wheel 7 attached to the end of the mounting rod 33 rotates clockwise and retracts toward the mounting seat 2 until the mounting rod 33 is attached to the active rod 31.
  • the inclined surface 311 at this time, the boarding bridge leveling mechanism of the present invention is in a fully retracted state.
  • the mounting seat 2, the active rod 31, the driven rod 32, and the mounting rod 33 constitute a four-bar linkage mechanism, and the four-bar linkage mechanism can be smoothly and smoothly changed, and is less likely to be stuck. Phenomenon, therefore, the leveling wheel 7 driven by the four-bar linkage mechanism is in an extended state (corresponding to the open state of the boarding bridge leveling mechanism) and a retracted state (corresponding to the stowed state of the boarding bridge leveling mechanism) The change is also very smooth.
  • FIG. 5C is a schematic view showing the movement path of the leveling wheel in the boarding bridge leveling mechanism shown in FIG. 5A.
  • the movement trajectory S of the leveling wheel 7 has an approximately linear shape.
  • the hinge points D and F in the boarding bridge leveling mechanism Each of them generates a horizontal displacement of a corresponding magnitude in the horizontal direction, but the active lever 31 and the follower lever 32 in the boarding leveling mechanism can simultaneously rotate in a clockwise or counterclockwise direction, while the active lever 31 pushes or pulls the mounting rod 33 toward Rotating in a direction opposite to the direction of rotation of the active lever 31, thereby pushing the leveling wheel 7 mounted at the end of the mounting rod 33 to have a large displacement in the horizontal direction, whereas the displacement of the leveling wheel 7 in the up and down direction is very small or even zero, thereby A motion path S of an approximately linear shape of the leveling wheel 7 is formed.
  • the horizontal displacement of the hinge points D and F does not directly cause a large displacement of the leveling wheel 7 in the up and down direction. Conversion through a four-bar linkage After that, the horizontal displacement of the hinge points D, F only causes a small displacement of the leveling wheel 7 in the up and down direction, and even the displacement of the leveling wheel 7 in the up and down direction is zero.
  • the trajectory of the leveling wheel 7 is approximately linear, and the displacement of the front end portion of the boarding bridge in the horizontal direction (the horizontal displacement of the hinge points D and F) is only leveled.
  • the wheel 7 produces little or no displacement in the vertical direction, so the boarding bridge leveling mechanism of the present invention can significantly reduce the detection error caused by the horizontal displacement of the front end of the boarding bridge.
  • the boarding bridge leveling mechanism of the present invention can significantly reduce the detection error caused by the horizontal displacement of the front end of the boarding bridge.
  • the error curve due to the change of the horizontal distance is wavy, a part of the curve is above the coordinate axis, and a part of the curve is located.
  • the detection error caused by the change in the horizontal distance exhibits up and down fluctuations as the retracted distance of the front end portion of the boarding bridge 100 increases; further, as shown in FIG. 5D, along with the boarding bridge
  • the increase of the retracting distance of the front end portion of 100, the detection error curve caused by the change of the angle of the mounting rod 33 is slowly increasing, that is, the detection caused by the change of the mounting rod angle as the retracting distance of the front end portion of the boarding bridge 100 increases.
  • the error is only a slow increase, not a sharp increase. As shown in FIG.
  • the total detection error curve is wavy, that is, the total detection error fluctuates up and down within a small range, rather than continuously increasing. Therefore, the detection accuracy of the boarding bridge leveling mechanism of the present invention is high.
  • the mount 2 has an inclined plate portion, a hollow portion, and an opening.
  • the driven rod 32 and the active rod 31 are respectively hinged to the upper and lower ends of the inclined plate portion, and the lower end portion of the active rod 31 is extended into the hollow portion by the opening, and the driving device 41 is attached to the hollow portion.
  • the mounting seat 2 protects the driving device 41, which is advantageous for extending the service life of the boarding bridge leveling mechanism.
  • the mount 2 may be in the shape of a box having an opening 20 which may be composed of a top plate 21, a bottom plate 22, two side plates 23, a front plate 24, and a rear plate 25.
  • the front plate 24 may constitute the inclined plate portion, and the opening 20 is formed between the lower end portion of the front plate 24 and the bottom plate 22.
  • the lower end portion of the driven rod 32 is hinged to the upper end portion of the front plate 24, the lower portion of the active rod 31 is hinged to the lower end portion of the front plate 24, and the lower end portion of the active rod 31 is extended into the hollow portion by the opening 20.
  • a driving device 41 such as a cylinder or a cylinder, a cylinder of a cylinder or a cylinder is mounted on the rear plate 25, and a piston rod of the cylinder or the cylinder may be hinged to the lower end of the traction rod 34. When the piston rod extends out of the cylinder, the driving rod can be contacted.
  • the lower end portion of the 31 is capable of pushing the active lever 31 to rotate about the hinge point D of the active lever 31 and the front plate 24.
  • mount 2 and the drive unit 41 is merely exemplary and does not constitute a limitation of the present invention, and the mount 2 and the drive unit 41 of other configurations are also applicable to the present invention.
  • FIG. 6A is a perspective view showing a schematic structure of an exemplary boarding bridge leveling mechanism according to the present invention, wherein the boarding bridge leveling mechanism is housed in a housing assembly 8; FIG. 6B is shown in FIG. 6A.
  • Boarding bridge leveling mechanism A schematic view of a three-dimensional structure in which the leveling wheel projects outside the cover assembly 8.
  • the boarding bridge leveling mechanism of the present invention further includes a cover assembly 8 for the boarding bridge leveling mechanism when the boarding bridge leveling mechanism is in the stowed state. It can be accommodated in the cover assembly 8 and is protected from external bad factors such as rain and sand.
  • the cover assembly 8 includes a fixed cover 81, a left open door 82, and a right open door 83.
  • the fixed cover 81 is fixed to the mount 2 and has an accommodating space and an opening; one side of the left open door 82 is hinged to one side of the opening of the fixed cover 81; and one side of the right open door 83 is hinged to the fixed cover 81.
  • the left opening door 82 and the right opening door 83 can close the opening in the closed state.
  • the fixed cover body 81, the left opening door 82 and the right opening door 83 together form a closed room, and the boarding bridge leveling mechanism can be accommodated in the closed room in the retracted state. Opening the left open door 82 and the right open door 83, a portion of the follower lever 32 of the boarding leveling mechanism, the mounting rod 33 and the leveling wheel 7 can thereby extend out of the cover assembly 8.
  • FIG. 6C is a partial cross-sectional view of the boarding bridge leveling mechanism shown in FIG. 6A taken along the EE plane, showing the closed state of the outer cover assembly 8;
  • FIG. 6D is shown in FIG. 6B.
  • the outer cover assembly 8 further includes at least two torsion springs 84, at least two limit members 85, and a door opening mechanism. At least one torsion spring 84 is attached to the connection between the left opening door 82 and the fixed cover 81, and at least one torsion spring 84 is attached to the connection between the right opening door 83 and the fixed cover 81.
  • the torsion of the torsion spring 84 keeps the left opening door 82 and the right opening door 83
  • the opening tendency is that the torque of the torsion spring 84 causes the left opening door 82 and the right opening door 83 to be in an open state without external force.
  • At least two limiting members 85 are respectively used to limit the maximum angle at which the left opening door 82 and the right opening door 83 can be opened. It should be noted that the present invention does not necessarily use the limiting member 85, that is, when the maximum opening angle of the left opening door 82 and the right opening door 83 need not be limited, the limiting member 85 may be omitted.
  • the door opening mechanism is for automatically opening or closing the left opening door 82 and the right opening door 83.
  • the left open door 82 and the right open door 83 can also be manually opened manually without the door opening mechanism.
  • the door opening mechanism in the outer cover assembly 8 includes a limit lever 86 and two limit plates 87.
  • the stopper rod 86 is fixed to the mounting rod 33, and both ends of the stopper rod 86 protrude from the mounting rod 33.
  • the limiting rod 86 can be vertically fixed to the mounting rod 33 or can be inclined at an acute angle with respect to the limiting rod 86.
  • the two limiting plates 87 are respectively fixed to the inner side of the left opening door 82 and the right opening door 83, and each of the limiting plates 87 has a limiting portion 871 protruding inward.
  • the two end portions of the limiting rod 86 respectively press the two limiting portions 871 to drive the left opening door 82 and the right opening door 83 to rotate inward to close.
  • the two ends of the limiting rod 86 are respectively mounted with a collision block 861.
  • the two collision blocks 861 press the two limiting portions to drive the left opening door 82 and the right opening door 83 to close.
  • the bumper block 861 may be a structure integrated with the limit rod 86, or may be a separate structure such as a bolt attached to the limit rod 86.
  • the limiting portion 871 is provided with a through hole
  • the fixing cover 81 is provided with a fixing piece 811 at a position corresponding to the limiting plate 87.
  • the fixing piece 811 is provided with a through hole
  • the limiting member 85 is a rod.
  • the member is, for example, a limit pin or a limit bolt
  • the rod member is disposed through the through hole on the limiting portion 871 and the through hole on the fixing piece 811
  • a limiting cap is disposed at the top end of the rod to prevent the rod from being two The through holes are dropped.
  • the present invention is not limited thereto, and other means for preventing the rod from falling can be applied to the present invention.
  • the limiting portion 871 is provided with a through hole
  • the opening of the fixed cover 81 is provided with a flange 810
  • the flange 810 is provided with a through hole
  • the limiting member 85 is a rod such as a limit.
  • the pin or the limiting bolt is disposed on the through hole of the limiting portion 871 and the through hole on the flange 810.
  • the top end of the rod is provided with a limiting cap or other structure capable of preventing the rod from falling.
  • the boarding bridge leveling mechanism of the present invention further includes a contact aircraft detection assembly for detecting whether the leveling wheel 7 is in contact with the aircraft fuselage.
  • FIG. 7A is a schematic cross-sectional view of the boarding bridge leveling mechanism shown in FIG. 5A taken along the GG plane, showing a structure in contact with the aircraft detecting assembly; 7B and 7C are schematic partial cross-sectional views of the boarding bridge leveling mechanism shown in FIG. 5A taken along the HH plane, respectively showing the state in which the leveling wheel is not in contact with the aircraft and the state in which the leveling wheel contacts the aircraft.
  • the mounting bar 33 in the boarding bridge leveling mechanism has an opposing upper side 331 and a lower side 332.
  • the boarding bridge leveling mechanism further includes a leveling wheel base 71 to which the leveling wheel 7 is mounted.
  • the leveling wheel base 71 has an opposite upper side 711 and a lower side 712.
  • the upper side 711 of the leveling wheel base 71 and the upper side 331 of the mounting rod 33 are hingedly connected by a hinge 710, and a compression spring 72 is mounted between the lower side 712 of the leveling wheel base 71 and the lower side 332 of the mounting rod 33, and is compressed.
  • the spring 72 can also be replaced by other resilient structures such as a compressed rubber strip.
  • the contact aircraft detecting assembly includes a second detecting switch 73 mounted on the leveling wheel base 71 and a fitting 74 mounted on the mounting rod 33.
  • the fitting member 74 may be a partial structure of the mounting rod 33 or a plate member mounted to the mounting rod 33 (see Fig. 7A).
  • the center line of the leveling wheel base 71 and the center line of the mounting rod 33 may be on the same line; Under the action of the preloading force of the compression spring 72, the center line of the leveling wheel base 71 and the center line of the mounting rod 33 may not be in a straight line to form an obtuse angle.
  • the aircraft fuselage when the leveling wheel 7 contacts and is pressed against the aircraft fuselage, the aircraft fuselage has a reaction force to the leveling wheel 7, and the reaction force causes the leveling wheel 7 and the leveling wheel base 71 to be adjusted.
  • the fitting 74 triggers the second detecting switch 73.
  • the switch 73 can be a contact type detecting switch. At this time, the second detecting switch 73 can be triggered when it contacts the fitting 74.
  • the second detecting switch 73 can also be a proximity detecting switch such as a stroke switch.
  • the second detecting switch 73 can be triggered when approaching the mating member 74.
  • the signal triggered by the second detecting switch 73 can be transmitted to the control room of the boarding leveling mechanism under the control of the controller, and the operator of the boarding leveling mechanism can know that the leveling wheel 7 has contacted and pressed Aircraft fuselage, where the controller can be a PLC controller.
  • the angle of the leveling wheel base 71 about the counterclockwise rotation of the leveling wheel base 71 and the hinge shaft 7100 of the mounting rod 33 is not limited to 5°, and generally the angle is feasible in the range of 3°-10°. of.
  • Figure 8 shows a K-direction view of Figure 6B showing another configuration for contacting an aircraft detection assembly.
  • the boarding leveling mechanism of this embodiment further includes a seat 91, a bracket 92, and a tension spring 93.
  • the support 91 is fixed on the upper end of the mounting rod 33, the support 91 has a certain height; one end of the bracket 92 is mounted with the leveling wheel 7, the other end is rotatably connected to the support 91 through a pin 911 or the like; One end of the tension spring 93 is connected to the bracket 92, and the other end is connected to the support 91.
  • the other end of the tension spring 93 is hooked into the hole 912 of the support 91, and the hole 912 is located above the pin 911, and the tension spring 93 is located above the bracket 92.
  • the contact aircraft detection assembly includes a second detection switch 94 mounted to the end of the mounting rod 33.
  • the reaction force of the aircraft body to the leveling wheel 7 enables the leveling wheel 7 to rotate counterclockwise around the bracket 92 and the hinge point of the support 91 together with the bracket 92.
  • the bracket 92 triggers the second detection switch 94, and the second detection switch 94 issues a trigger signal.
  • the angle at which the bracket 92 rotates counterclockwise about the hinge point of the bracket 92 and the holder 91 is possible in the range of 5 to 10 degrees.
  • the second detecting switch 94 in this embodiment may be a contact type detecting switch or a proximity type detecting switch.
  • the contact aircraft detecting component may further include a limiting member 95 such as a limiting pin or a limiting screw.
  • the limiting member 95 is mounted on the support 91.
  • the limiting member 95 can be mounted between the pin 911 and the hole 912, and the limiting member 95 can be closer to the bracket 92.
  • the limiting member 95 in the contact aircraft detecting assembly is not limited to the limiting pin or the limiting screw, and the mounting position of the limiting member 95 is not limited to the upper portion of the support 91 as long as the bracket can be blocked.
  • the 92-clockwise rotation limit structure is suitable for use in the present invention.
  • FIG. 5B there is shown another configuration of a contact aircraft detection assembly in the boarding bridge leveling mechanism of the present invention.
  • the contact aircraft detection assembly of this embodiment is suitable for use in the case where the boarding bridge leveling mechanism is provided with the drawbar 34.
  • a recess 341 may be disposed on the drawbar 34.
  • the contact aircraft detection assembly of this embodiment includes a second detection switch 90.
  • the second detecting switch 90 is mounted at a position corresponding to the concave portion 341 at a lower end portion of the active rod 31.
  • the second detecting switch 90 may be a contact type switch or a proximity type switch. When the second detecting switch 90 contacts or approaches the concave portion 341, the leveling wheel 7 does not contact the aircraft body, and when the second detecting switch 90 is away from the concave portion At 341, the second detection switch 90 is triggered to issue a trigger signal.
  • the description of the transition process between the open state and the stowed state of the front boarding leveling mechanism shows that the stowage of the boarding leveling mechanism is completed by the driving device 41 driving the lower end of the active rod 31.
  • the driving device 41 driving the lower end of the active rod 31.
  • the length of the piston rod extending out of the cylinder has a certain influence on whether the leveling wheel 7 can contact the aircraft, for example, when the piston rod extends out of the cylinder. If the length is too long, the rotation of the active lever 31 is restricted, that is, the outward movement of the leveling wheel 7 is restricted.
  • the solution to this problem is to provide a third detection switch 75 on the drive unit 41 for detecting the shortest length of the drive unit 41.
  • the driving device 41 is a cylinder or a cylinder
  • the third detecting switch 75 detects that the piston rod can be retracted to the extreme position in the cylinder when the piston rod is retracted to the extreme position in the cylinder.
  • the third detection switch 75 is triggered to issue a trigger signal.
  • the controller when the controller receives the trigger signal of the third detecting switch 75 and does not receive the trigger signal of the second detecting switch contacting the aircraft detecting component, it means that the front end of the boarding bridge The distance from the aircraft fuselage is too far. At this time, the controller will send a prompt signal, and the operator can control the boarding bridge to extend a certain distance to the aircraft direction according to the prompt signal; or the controller directly controls the board according to the prompt signal. The bridge extends a certain distance further toward the aircraft.
  • the boarding bridge of the present invention comprises a telescopic boarding bridge itself and at least one boarding bridge leveling mechanism installed at the front end of the boarding bridge itself, and a boarding bridge can usually be installed on each side of the front end of the boarding bridge itself.
  • Leveling mechanism is the boarding bridge leveling mechanism previously described in the present invention.
  • the boarding bridge leveling mechanism of the invention is applied to a boarding bridge, and the movement track of the leveling wheel in the telescopic process of the boarding bridge is changed by installing the leveling wheel on a four-bar linkage mechanism, so that the movement track of the leveling wheel It is approximately linear. That is to say, the present invention reduces the displacement of the leveling wheel in the up and down direction during the telescopic process of the boarding bridge by mounting the leveling wheel on a four-bar linkage mechanism. Therefore, by using the boarding bridge leveling mechanism of the present invention, the detection error caused by the telescopic extension of the boarding bridge can be effectively reduced.
  • Relative embodiments may be used in the above embodiments, such as "up” or “down” to describe a component of an icon.
  • the relative relationship to another component It will be understood that if the device of the icon is flipped upside down, the components described as “up” or “down” will become components “below” or “up”.
  • the terms “a”, “an”, “the” and “sai” are used to mean that there are one or more elements/parts.
  • the terms “comprising,” “comprising,” and “having” are used to mean an inclusive meaning, and are meant to be in addition to the listed components.

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Abstract

一种登机桥调平机构及登机桥。登机桥调平机构安装于一登机桥（100）上，所述登机桥调平机构包括一四连杆机构和一预紧力装置，四连杆机构包括一安装座（2），该安装座（2）能固定安装于所述登机桥（100）上，该四连杆机构的另外三根杆的其中一根杆向外伸出，并在端部安装一调平轮（7）和一第一检测开关（6），所述第一检测开关（6）用于检测调平轮（7）在一飞机机身（500）的上下位移，预紧力装置具有预紧力，一端连接于所述四连杆机构，另一端连接于所述安装座（2），该预紧力装置具有预紧力，以使所述调平轮（7）保持向外伸出趋势。该登机桥调平机构检验精度高、工作可靠。

Description

登机桥调平机构及登机桥 技术领域
本发明概括地说涉及一种调平机构，具体来说，涉及一种登机桥调平机构。
背景技术
参见图1。图1示出传统的登机桥调平机构示意图。如图1所示，传统的登机桥调平机构10包括驱动装置11、摆杆12、主动杆13、第一检测开关14和调平轮15。驱动装置11安装在登机桥100(见图2)上，摆杆12的一端部铰接于该驱动装置11，另一端部铰接于主动杆13的一端部，主动杆13的另一端部安装所述第一检测开关14和调平轮15。第一检测开关14例如可以是限位开关或编码器，调平轮15可以是一橡胶轮。
当登机桥100靠接飞机时，驱动装置11驱动摆杆12带动主动杆13运动使调平轮15接触并保持一定压力压迫在飞机机身上，当旅客上下飞机或者装卸货物时，飞机机身会上升或者下降，而由于调平轮15与飞机机身之间有一定压力，在飞机机身上升或者下降过程中，调平轮15会在飞机机身上滚动，而由于调平轮15与第一检测开关14连接在一起，第一检测开关14就能检测到调平轮15相对于主动杆13转动的信号，并将检测到的信号提供给一PLC，PLC根据所接收的信号计算出飞机机身上升或下降的距离，控制登机桥100前端部跟随飞机机身上升或下降，以使登机桥始终保持靠接于飞机机身合适的高度位置。
参见图2。图2示出登机桥靠接飞机的初始位置和登机桥上升后的位置对比示意图。如图2所示，登机桥100的后端铰接于一固定建筑物如候机楼200，登机桥100能前后伸缩，以使其前端部能靠接于飞机机身上。如前面所述，当飞机机身上升或下降，PLC控制登机桥100的前端部随之上升或下降。然而，目前登机桥100的结构形式决定了登机桥100前端部在上升或者下降时会同时前后伸缩，如图2所示，登机桥100前端部上升后，相比于初始位置，登机桥100在水平方向产生了位移ΔL。一旦登机桥100前端部在水平方向产生水平位移，调平机构的主动杆13与摆杆12之间的铰接点也会跟着前后移动，调平机构的调平轮15一直保持压迫于飞机机身上，这样主动杆13与摆摆杆12之间的铰点的前后移动势必会导致调平轮15在飞机机身上上下滚动，而调平轮15上下滚动则意味着调平轮15相对于主动杆13发生相对转动。这种相对转动被安装在主动杆13上的检测装置检测到，从而使PLC误判断为飞机机身在进行上下浮动，从而造成检测误差。
参见图3，图3示出由于调平机构中主动杆的角度变化而引起检验误差的示意图。如图3所示，登机桥100的前端部在水平方向上伸缩位移G，在此过程中，主动杆13的一端部由初始位置(见实线)变化至远离飞机位置(见虚线)，并生了夹角变化量α，同时主动杆13的另一端部在垂直方向产生位移H，相当于调平轮15沿着飞机机身上下移动一段距离。因此登机桥100的前端部在水平方向上的前后伸缩变化，会带动主动杆13下端部的铰接点前后移动，主动杆13相对于调平轮15的角度也相应发生变化，这种变化也被安装在主动杆13上的检测装置检测到，从而导致PLC误判断是调平轮15在飞机机身上下移动，从而造成检测误差。
参见图4，图4示出传统的登机桥调平机构的检测误差曲线。从图4中可以看出：随着登机桥100的前端部缩回距离的增加(越来越远离飞机)，由水平距离变化引起的检测误差曲线呈急剧上升趋势，这意味着由水平距离变化引起的检测误差随着登机桥100的前端部缩回距离的增加而急剧增大；同时如图4所示，随着登机桥100的前端部缩回距离的增加，主动杆13角度变化引起的检测误差曲线也而呈现上升趋势，即主动杆13角度变化引起的检测误差也随着登机桥100的前端部缩回距离的增加而逐渐增大，由于总的检测误差为水平距离变化引起的检测误差与角度变化引起的检测误差之和，故随着登机桥100的前端部缩回距离的增加，总的检测误差急剧增大。因此，目前登机桥调平机构在机械原理上就会造成较大的检测误差，从而危害飞机的安全。
从以上分析可以判断，若登机桥调平机构的调平轮15也能随着登机桥作前后伸缩直线运动，就能避免此种检测误差。通常能实现调平轮15的前后伸缩直线运动的机构需要运用到导轨、滑块或者滚轮等机构，但在实际运用中，由于飞机机身有一定的弧度，飞机上升或下降时会给这种直线运动的机构一个向上或者向下的分力，这种力容易导致直线运动卡滞或者导轨变形，因此这种机构不可靠。
在所述背景技术部分公开的上述信息仅用于加强对本发明的背景的理解，因此它可以包括不构成对本领域普通技术人员已知的现有技术的信息。
发明内容
本发明的一个主要目的在于克服上述现有技术的不足，提供一种检验精度高、工作可靠的登机桥调平机构；
本发明的另一个主要目的在于提供一种安装有本发明登机桥调平机构的登机桥。
本发明的额外方面和优点将部分地在下面的描述中阐述，并且部分地将从描述中变 得显然，或者可以通过本发明的实践而习得。
为实现上述目的，本发明采用如下技术方案：
根据本发明的一个方面，一种登机桥调平机构，安装于一登机桥上。所述登机桥调平机构包括一四连杆机构、一预紧力装置和驱动装置。四连杆机构包括一安装座和三根杆，该安装座能固定安装于所述登机桥上；所述三根杆中的一根杆向外伸出，所述向外伸出的杆的端部安装有一调平轮和一第一检测开关，所述第一检测开关用于检测调平轮在一飞机机身的上下位移；预紧力装置的一端连接于所述安装座，另一端连接于所述三根杆的其中一根杆，该预紧力装置具有预紧力，以使所述向外伸出的杆得以保持向外伸出趋势。
根据本发明的一实施方式，所述四连杆机构的三根杆包括主动杆、从动杆和安装杆，主动杆的下部铰接于所述安装座上；从动杆的下端部铰接于所述安装座上，所述从动杆位于所述主动杆上方；安装杆的一端部铰接于所述从动杆的上端部，另一端部向外伸出并安装所述调平轮和所述第一检测开关；所述主动杆的上端部铰接于所述安装杆。
根据本发明的一实施方式，所述拉伸弹簧的一端连接于所述主动杆下端部，另一端连接于所述安装座。
根据本发明的一实施方式，所述主动杆的上端部与所述安装杆的铰接位置邻近所述安装杆与所述从动杆的铰接点。
根据本发明的一实施方式，所述主动杆的朝向所述安装杆的一侧面为倾斜面，在所述登机桥调平机构收起状态下，所述倾斜面能与所述安装杆贴合。
根据本发明的一实施方式，所述主动杆、从动杆、安装杆的长度比例为(1.1～1.3):(0.9～1.1):(1.1～1.3)。
根据本发明的一实施方式，所述主动杆和/或从动杆和/或安装杆呈空心管状。
根据本发明的一实施方式，所述的登机桥调平机构还包括驱动装置，其安装于所述安装座，用于驱动所述安装杆向外伸出或缩回。
根据本发明的一实施方式，所述安装座具有一倾斜板部、一中空部和一开口，所述从动杆、主动杆分别铰接于所述倾斜板部的上下端部。
根据本发明的一实施方式，所述中空部所述主动杆下端部由所述安装座的开口伸入所述中空部，所述驱动装置安装于所述中空部，并能驱动所述主动杆的下端部使所述主动杆绕其与所述安装座的铰接点转动。
根据本发明的一实施方式，所述的登机桥调平机构还包括一牵引杆，其一端连接于所述主动杆下部，另一端连接于所述驱动装置。
根据本发明的一实施方式，所述的登机桥调平机构还包括外罩组件，当所述登机桥调平机构为收起状态时能容纳于所述外罩组件内。
根据本发明的一实施方式，所述外罩组件包括固定罩体、左开门和右开门，固定罩体，其固定于所述安装座，并具有一容置空间和一开口；左开门的一侧铰接于所述固定罩体的开口的一侧；右开门的一侧铰接于所述固定罩体的开口的另一侧，所述左开门和右开门在闭合状态下能封闭所述开口。
根据本发明的一实施方式，所述外罩组件还包括至少两个扭簧、至少两个限位件和开门机构，至少两个扭簧分别设于所述左开门和右开门与固定罩体的连接处，所述扭簧的扭力使所述左开门、右开门保持开启趋势；至少两个限位件分别用于限制所述左开门和右开门能开启的最大角度；开门机构用于自动打开或关闭所述左开门和右开门。
根据本发明的一实施方式，所述开门机构包括限位杆和两块限位板，限位杆固定于所述安装杆，且所述限位杆的两端部伸出所述安装杆；两块限位板分别固定于所述左开门和右开门内侧，每块所述限位板具有向内凸出的限位部；所述限位杆的两端部分别与两个所述限位部配合工作完成所述左开门和右开门的开启及闭合。
根据本发明的一实施方式，所述限位杆的两端各自安装有一个撞块，两个所述撞块压所述限位杆的两端部分别完成所述左开门和右开门的开启及关闭。
根据本发明的一实施方式，所述限位部上设有通孔，所述固定罩体上对应所述限位板位置设有固定片，固定片上设有通孔，所述限位件是一杆件，该杆件穿设于限位部上的通孔和固定片上的通孔，杆件顶端设有限位帽。
根据本发明的一实施方式，所述限位部上设有通孔，所述固定罩体的开口处设有翻边，所述翻边上设有通孔，所述限位件是一杆件，该杆件穿设于限位部上的通孔和翻边上的通孔，杆件顶端设有限位帽。
根据本发明的一实施方式，所述的登机桥调平机构还包括：接触飞机检测组件，其用于检测所述调平轮是否接触到飞机机身。
根据本发明的一实施方式，所述登机桥调平机构还包括支座、支架和拉伸弹簧，支座固定于所述安装杆端部；支架的一端安装所述调平轮，另一端可转动地连接于所述支座；拉伸弹簧连接于所述支架与所述支座之间；所述接触飞机检测组件包括安装于所述安装杆 端部的第二检测开关，当所述调平轮未接触飞机机身，所述弹性件使所述第二检测开关不被触发，当所述调平轮接触并压迫于飞机机身状态下，飞机机身对所述调平轮的反作用力能使所述支架绕着所述支架与所述支座的铰接点转过一角度，所述支架触发所述第二检测开关，所述第二检测开关发出触发信号。
根据本发明的一实施方式，所述支架绕着所述支架与所述支座的铰接点转过的角度范围为5°-10°。
根据本发明的一实施方式，所述接触飞机检测组件还包括一限位件，其安装于所述支座上，并位于所述支架上方，用于限制所述支架在所述拉伸弹簧作用下顺时针转动。
根据本发明的一实施方式，所述登机桥调平机构还包括调平轮座，所述调平轮安装于该调平轮座上，该调平轮座具有相对的一上侧和一下侧，所述安装杆具有相对的一上侧和一下侧，所述调平轮座的上侧与所述安装杆的上侧通过铰链铰接连接，所述调平轮座的下侧与所述安装杆的下侧之间安装有一压缩弹簧；所述接触飞机检测组件包括安装于所述调平轮座上的第二检测开关和安装于所述安装杆上的配合件，当所述调平轮未接触飞机机身，所述弹性件使所述第二检测开关不被触发，当所述调平轮接触并压迫于飞机机身状态下，飞机机身对所述调平轮的反作用力能使所述调平轮座绕着所述调平轮座与所述支座的铰链轴转过一角度，所述配合件触发所述第二检测开关，所述第二检测开关发出触发信号。
根据本发明的一实施方式，所述驱动装置通过其长度的伸缩驱动所述主动杆转动，所述接触飞机检测组件还包括第三检测开关，其安装于所述驱动装置，当所述驱动装置缩短至最短长度时，该第三检测开关被触发而发出触发信号。
根据本发明的一实施方式，所述的登机桥调平机构还包括用于检测所述调平轮是否接触到飞机机身的接触飞机检测组件，所述牵引杆上具有一凹部，所述接触飞机检测组件包括一第二检测开关，该第二检测开关安装于所述主动杆下端部与所述凹部对应位置，当所述第二检测开关接触或接近所述凹部时，则所述调平轮未接触飞机机身，当所述第二检测开关远离所述凹部时，所述第二检测开关被触发而发出触发信号。
根据本发明的另一个方面，一种登机桥，包括能伸缩的登机桥本身，所述登机桥本身前端部安装有至少一个本发明所述的登机桥调平机构。
由上述技术方案可知，本发明的有益效果是：
本发明登机桥调平机构，包括一四连杆机构和一预紧力装置，调平轮和第一检测开关安装于四连杆机构的其中一根杆上，登机桥调平机构收起和打开状态对应于四连杆机构的收起和打开状态，由于四连杆机构在收起和打开过程中不容易发生卡死现象，故调 平轮的运动顺畅；同时有预紧力的预紧力装置使调平轮保持向外伸出趋势，当调平轮接触到飞机机身时，则以一定的压力压迫于飞机上，故调平轮能可靠地接触飞机机身。登机桥伸缩过程对应于登机桥调平机构在收起状态与打开状态的变换过程；登机桥调平机构的收起状态与打开状态变换过程对应于四连杆机构的收起状态与打开状态变换过程，因此在登机桥调平机构收起状态与打开状态的变换过程中，安装于四连杆机构的调平轮中心的运动轨迹能呈近似直线形状，调平轮的该近似直线形状的运动轨迹相对于飞机机身来说，则表现为在水平方向上产生的位移较大，而在上下方向上的位移变化幅度较小，因此使用本发明登机桥调平机构，能有效减少因登机桥伸缩而产生的误认为飞机产生升降的检测误差。
进一步地，通过精确射击四连杆机构各杆长的比例，使得该近似直线轨迹在调平机构主要工作区域内略微向下，这样，安装调平轮及第一检测开关的杆件相对于调平轮的角度变化而造成的检测误差会抵消部分因登机桥伸缩而产生的误认为飞机产生升降的检测误差，从而使检测更精确。
本发明中通过以下参照附图对优选实施例的说明，本发明的上述以及其它目的、特征和优点将更加明显。
附图说明
图1示出传统的登机桥调平机构示意图。
图2示出登机桥靠接飞机的初始位置和登机桥前端部上升后的位置对比示意图。
图3示出由调平机构中主动杆的角度变化而引起检验误差的示意图。
图4示出传统的登机桥调平机构的检测误差曲线。
图5A示出本发明一示例性的登机桥调平机构打开状态下的立体结构示意图。
图5B示出图5A所示的登机桥调平机构与飞机机身接触状态下的主视图。
图5C示出图5A所示的登机桥调平机构中的调平轮的运动轨迹示意图。
图5D示出图5A所示的登机桥调平机构的检测误差曲线。
图6A示出本发明一示例性的登机桥调平机构立体结构示意图，其中登机桥调平机构收纳于一外罩组件内。
图6B示出图6A所示的登机桥调平机构的立体结构示意图，其中调平轮伸出外罩组件外。
图6C示出图6A所示的登机桥调平机构的沿E-E面剖开的部视示意图。
图6D示出图6B所示的登机桥调平机构的沿F-F面剖开的部视示意图。
图7A示出图5A所示的登机桥调平机构的沿G-G面剖开的部视示意图，示出一种接触飞机检测组件的结构。
图7B示出5A所示的登机桥调平机构的沿H-H面剖开的部视示意图，示出调平轮未接触飞机的状态。
图7C示出5A所示的登机桥调平机构的沿H-H面剖开的部视示意图，示出调平轮接触飞机的状态。
图8示出图6B的K向视图，表示另一种接触飞机检测组件的结构。
图中：2、安装座；31、主动杆；32、从动杆；33、安装杆；41、驱动装置；34、牵引杆；51、拉伸弹簧；6、第一检测开关；7、调平轮；500、飞机机身；100、登机桥；20、开口；21、顶板；22、底板；23、两侧板；24、前板；25、后板；8、外罩组件；81、固定罩体；82、左开门；83、右开门；84、扭簧；85、限位件；86、限位杆；87、限位板；871、限位部；861、撞块；811、固定片；810、翻边；71、调平轮座；72、压缩弹簧；73、第二检测开关；75、第三检测开关；92、支架；支91、座；93、拉伸弹簧；94、第二检测开关；90、第二检测开关。
具体实施方式
现在将参考附图更全面地描述示例实施方式。然而，示例实施方式能够以多种形式实施，且不应被理解为限于在此阐述的实施方式；相反，提供这些实施方式使得本发明将全面和完整，并将示例实施方式的构思全面地传达给本领域的技术人员。图中相同的附图标记表示相同或类似的结构，因而将省略它们的详细描述。
本发明登机桥调平机构的发明构思在于：通过将调平轮安装于一四连杆机构上来改变调平轮在登机桥伸缩过程中的运动轨迹，使调平轮的运动轨迹呈近似直线形。也就是说，本发明通过将调平轮安装于一四连杆机构上来减少调平轮在登机桥伸缩过程中在上下方向的位移。因此使用本发明登机桥调平机构，能有效减少因登机桥伸缩而产生的误认为飞机产生升降的检测误差。
参见图5A和图5B，图5A示出本发明一示例性的登机桥调平机构打开状态下的立体结构示意图；图5B示出图5A所示的登机桥调平机构与飞机机身500接触状态下的主视图。本发明登机桥调平机构，安装于一登机桥上，用于控制登机桥前端部跟随飞机机身上升或下降，以使登机桥始终保持靠接于飞机机身合适的位置。
如图5A和图5B所示，本发明登机桥调平机构一实施方式包括：安装座2、主动杆31、从动杆32、安装杆33、驱动装置41、牵引杆34和拉伸弹簧51。安装座2、主动杆31、从动杆32和安装杆33可形成一四连杆机构，且安装杆33呈向该四连杆机构以外延伸的状态。
安装座2通常可以固定安装于登机桥的前端部侧面。主动杆31在其下部邻近其下端部位置铰接于安装座2。从动杆32的下端部铰接于安装座2，并且从动杆32位于主动杆31上方。安装杆33的一端部铰接于从动杆32的上端部，另一端部安装有第一检测开关6和调平轮7。第一检测开关6例如可以是限位开关或编码器，其在调平轮7上的设置可以与现有技术相同。主动杆31、从动杆32和安装杆33至少其中之一可以呈空心管状，这样可以降低成本。
驱动装置41安装于安装座2，并能驱动主动杆31的下端部绕其与安装座2的铰接点转动。该驱动装置41的具体结构可以多种多样，例如气缸、油缸、电机及齿轮齿条机构、电机及蜗轮蜗杆机构、电机及丝杠螺母机构，等等。驱动装置41的主要作用在于自动收起本发明登机桥调平机构。在其他一些实施方式中，也可以不设置驱动装置，而由人工收起登机桥调平机构，或者不必收起登机桥调平机构。
牵引杆34的一端连接于主动杆31下部，另一端连接于驱动装置41，牵引杆34可以是一刚性的也可以是一柔性的。在其他一些实施方式中可以不设置牵引杆34。
拉伸弹簧51的一端连接于主动杆31下端部，另一端连接于安装座2。拉伸弹簧51具有预紧力，在该预紧力的作用下，该登机桥调平机构的调平轮7总是保持向外伸出的趋势，从而能以一定的压力接触飞机机身500，使调平轮7与飞机机身500的接触更可靠。在其他一些实施方式中，拉伸弹簧51也可以由其他预紧力装置如压缩弹簧、扭簧、配重块装置、恒扭矩电机、具有弹性的橡胶件等代替。
主动杆31的上端部铰接于安装杆33。在另一实施方式中，主动杆31的上端部在安装杆33的铰接点C的位置邻近安装杆33与从动杆32的铰接点B，也就是说，主动杆31的上端部在安装杆33的铰接点C的位置在安装杆33的长度中点A与安装杆33上端部和从动杆32的铰接点B之间。进一步地，主动杆31的上端部在安装杆33的铰接点C到安装杆33与从动杆32的铰接点B之间的距离小于或等于安装杆33整体长度的1/4。
主动杆31的朝向安装杆33的一侧面为倾斜面311，在登机桥调平机构收起状态下，该倾斜面311与安装杆33贴合。这样可以减小本发明登机桥调平机构在收起时的体积。
主动杆31、从动杆32、安装杆33的长度比例范围可以在(1.1～1.3):(0.9～1.1): (1.1～1.3)之间变化，例如主动杆31、从动杆32、安装杆33的长度比可以为1.2:1:1.2，或者1.1:0.9:1.3，或者1.3:1.1:1.1，等等。
下面介绍本发明登机桥调平机构由打开状态向收起状态的变化过程：通常情况下，在预紧力装置例如拉伸弹簧51的作用下本发明登机桥调平机构处于打开状态，机桥调平机构的打开状态对应于调平轮7的伸出状态。详细来说，拉伸弹簧51具有预紧力，其拉动主动杆31的下端部，从而使主动杆31绕其与安装座2的铰接点D顺时针转动，则从动杆32随之绕其与安装座2的铰接点F顺时针转动，从而主动杆31推动安装杆33绕安装杆33与从动杆32的铰接点B逆时针转动，则安装于安装杆33端部的调平轮7随之逆时针转动而向远离安装座2方向伸出，直到接触到障碍物例如飞机机身500而停止，此时由于拉伸弹簧51的作用，调平轮7会以一定的压力压迫于飞机机身500上。当本发明登机桥调平机构由打开状态转换为收起状态时，驱动装置41驱动主动杆31的下端部，且驱动装置41的驱动力能克服拉伸弹簧51的作用力，使主动杆31绕其与安装座2的铰接点D逆时针转动，则从动杆32随之绕其与安装座2的铰接点F逆时针转动，从而主动杆31拉动安装杆33绕安装杆33与从动杆32的铰接点B顺时针转动，则安装于安装杆33端部的调平轮7随之顺时针转动而向靠近安装座2方向缩回，直到安装杆33贴合于主动杆31的倾斜面311，此时本发明登机桥调平机构为完全收回状态。
本发明登机桥调平机构中，安装座2、主动杆31、从动杆32、安装杆33组成了四连杆机构，四连杆机构的收起和打开变化自如顺畅，不易发生卡滞现象，因此由四连杆机构带动的调平轮7在伸出状态(对应于登机桥调平机构的打开状态)和缩回状态(对应于登机桥调平机构的收起状态)之间变化也非常顺畅。
参见图5C，图5C示出图5A所示的登机桥调平机构中的调平轮的运动轨迹示意图。如图5C所示，本发明登机桥调平机构中，调平轮7的运动轨迹S呈近似直线形状。当飞机机身上升或下降时，登机桥前端部跟随飞机机身上升或下降，登机桥前端部在水平方向产生水平位移，此时虽然登机桥调平机构中的铰接点D、F各自在水平方向产生相应大小的水平位移，但是登机桥调平机构中的主动杆31、从动杆32能同时沿顺时针或逆时针方向转动，同时主动杆31推动或拉动安装杆33向与主动杆31转动方向相反的方向转动，从而推动安装于安装杆33端部的调平轮7在水平方向的位移较大，然而在上下方向上调平轮7的位移非常小甚至为0，从而形成了调平轮7的近似直线形状的运动轨迹S。也就是说，本发明中，由于调平轮7安装于一四连杆机构的其中一根杆上，铰接点D、F的水平位移并没有直接导致调平轮7上下方向的大幅度位移，经过四连杆机构的转换 后，铰接点D、F的水平位移仅导致调平轮7在上下方向上较小的位移甚至调平轮7在上下方向上的位移为0。
参见图5D，本发明登机桥调平机构中，调平轮7的运动轨迹为近似直线形，登机桥前端部在水平方向的位移(铰接点D、F的水平位移)仅使调平轮7在竖直方向上产生较小的位移或不产生位移，因此本发明登机桥调平机构能明显降低由登机桥前端部的水平位移而导致的检测误差。如图5D所示，随着登机桥100的前端部缩回距离的增加(越来越远离飞机)，由于水平距离变化引起的误差曲线呈波浪形，一部分曲线位于坐标轴以上，一部分曲线位于坐标轴以下，即本发明中，由水平距离变化引起的检测误差，随着登机桥100的前端部缩回距离的增加呈现上下波动变化；此外，如图5D所示，随着登机桥100的前端部缩回距离的增加，由安装杆33角度变化引起的检测误差曲线呈缓慢上升趋势，即随着登机桥100的前端部缩回距离的增加，由安装杆角度变化引起的检测误差仅仅是缓慢增大，而非剧烈增大。如图5D所示，本发明中随着登机桥远离飞机的距离的增大，总的检测误差曲线呈波浪形，即总的检测误差在小幅度范围内上下波动，而非持续增大，因此本发明登机桥调平机构的检测精度高
在另一实施方式中，安装座2具有一倾斜板部、一中空部和一开口。从动杆32、主动杆31分别铰接于倾斜板部的上下端部，且主动杆31的下端部由开口伸入中空部，驱动装置41安装于中空部。这样，不但使得本发明登机桥调平机构非常美观，而且安装座2对驱动装置41还起到保护作用，有利于延长登机桥调平机构的使用寿命。详细来说，如图5A和图5B所示，安装座2可以是一个具有开口20的箱体形状，该箱体可以由顶板21、底板22、两侧板23、前板24和后板25固定连接而成，这些板围成所述中空部。前板24可以构成所述倾斜板部，开口20形成于前板24下端部与底板22之间。从动杆32的下端部铰接于前板24的上端部，主动杆31的下部铰接于前板24的下端部，且主动杆31的下端部由开口20伸入中空部。驱动装置41例如气缸或者油缸，气缸或者油缸的缸体安装于后板25，气缸或者油缸的活塞杆可以铰接于牵引杆34的下端部，当活塞杆伸出缸体，则可接触推动主动杆31的下端部，并能推动主动杆31绕主动杆31与前板24的铰接点D转动。
以上对于安装座2和驱动装置41的描述仅为示范性的，并不构成对本发明的限制，其他结构的安装座2和驱动装置41也可适用于本发明。
参见图6A和图6B，图6A示出本发明一示例性的登机桥调平机构立体结构示意图，其中登机桥调平机构收纳于一外罩组件8内；图6B示出图6A所示的登机桥调平机构的 立体结构示意图，其中调平轮伸出外罩组件8外。如图6A和图6B所示，在另一实施方式中，本发明登机桥调平机构还包括外罩组件8，当登机桥调平机构为收起状态时，该登机桥调平机构能容纳于外罩组件8内，免受雨水、风沙等外界不良因素侵蚀。
外罩组件8包括固定罩体81、左开门82和右开门83。固定罩体81固定于安装座2，并具有一容置空间和一开口；左开门82的一侧铰接于固定罩体81的开口的一侧；右开门83的一侧铰接于固定罩体81的开口的另一侧，左开门82和右开门83在闭合状态下能封闭该开口。左开门82和右开门83在闭合状态下，固定罩体81、左开门82和右开门83共同组成一个封闭室，登机桥调平机构在收回状态下，可容置于该封闭室内。开启左开门82和右开门83，登机桥调平机构的部分从动杆32、安装杆33和调平轮7能由此伸出外罩组件8。
参见图6C和图6D，图6C示出图6A所示的登机桥调平机构的沿E-E面剖开的部视示意图，其示出外罩组件8闭合状态；图6D示出图6B所示的登机桥调平机构的沿F-F面剖开的部视示意图，其示出外罩组件8开启状态。在另一实施方式中，外罩组件8还包括至少两个扭簧84、至少两个限位件85和开门机构。左开门82与固定罩体81的连接处至少安装一个扭簧84，右开门83与固定罩体81的连接处至少安装一个扭簧84，扭簧84的扭力使左开门82、右开门83保持开启趋势，即在没有外力作用下，扭簧84的扭力使左开门82、右开门83处于开启状态。至少两个限位件85分别用于限制左开门82和右开门83能开启的最大角度。需要说明的是，本发明并非必然使用限位件85，即当无需限定左开门82和右开门83的最大开启角度时，也可以省略限位件85。开门机构用于自动打开或关闭左开门82和右开门83。在不具备开门机构情况下，也可以人工手动打开左开门82和右开门83。
在另一实施方式中，外罩组件8中的开门机构包括限位杆86和两块限位板87。限位杆86固定于安装杆33，且限位杆86的两端部伸出安装杆33。限位杆86可以垂直固定于安装杆33，也可以相对于限位杆86倾斜一锐角。两块限位板87分别固定于左开门82和右开门83内侧，每块限位板87具有向内凸出的限位部871。登机桥调平机构由打开状态转换为收起状态过程中，限位杆86的两端部分别压迫两个限位部871从而带动左开门82和右开门83向内转动而闭合。
进一步地，限位杆86的两端各自安装有一个撞块861，两个撞块861压迫两个限位部带动左开门82和右开门83闭合。撞块861可以是与限位杆86一体的结构，也可以是安装于限位杆86的独立结构例如螺栓。
在另一实施方式中，限位部871上设有通孔，固定罩体81上对应限位板87位置设有固定片811，固定片811上设有通孔，限位件85是一杆件例如一例如限位销或限位螺栓，该杆件穿设于限位部871上的通孔和固定片811上的通孔，杆件顶端设置一限位帽，以防止杆件由两个通孔掉落。当然，本发明不限于此，其他的能防止杆件掉落的方式均可适用于本发明。在另一实施方式中，限位部871上设有通孔，固定罩体81的开口处设有翻边810，翻边810上设有通孔，限位件85是一杆件例如限位销或限位螺栓，该杆件穿设于限位部871上的通孔和翻边810上的通孔，杆件顶端设有限位帽或其他能防止杆件掉落的结构。
在另一实施方式中，本发明登机桥调平机构还包括接触飞机检测组件，用于检测调平轮7是否接触到飞机机身。
参见图5A、图7A、图7B和图7C，图7A示出图5A所示的登机桥调平机构的沿G-G面剖开的部视示意图，示出一种接触飞机检测组件的结构；图7B和图7C示出5A所示的登机桥调平机构的沿H-H面剖开的部视示意图，分别示出调平轮未接触飞机的状态和调平轮接触飞机的状态。
如图5A和图7A所示的实施方式中，登机桥调平机构中的安装杆33具有相对的一上侧331和一下侧332。登机桥调平机构还包括一调平轮座71，调平轮7安装于该调平轮座71上。该调平轮座71具有相对的一上侧711和一下侧712。调平轮座71的上侧711与安装杆33的上侧331通过一铰链710铰接连接，调平轮座71的下侧712与安装杆33的下侧332之间安装有一压缩弹簧72，压缩弹簧72也可以由其他具有弹性的结构例如压缩的橡胶条等结构代替。
该实施方式中，接触飞机检测组件包括安装于调平轮座71上的第二检测开关73和安装于安装杆33上的配合件74。该配合件74可以是安装杆33的局部结构，也可以是安装于安装杆33的板件(见图7A)。
参见图7A，在自然状态下，即在调平轮7没有受到外力例如飞机机身的压力作用下，调平轮座71的中心线与安装杆33的中心线可以在同一条直线上；在压缩弹簧72预紧力的作用下，调平轮座71的中心线与安装杆33的中心线也可以不在一条直线上而形成一钝角。
参见图7B和图7C，当调平轮7接触并压迫于飞机机身情况下，飞机机身对调平轮7具有反作用力，该反作用力使调平轮7和调平轮座71绕着调平轮座71与安装杆33的铰链轴7100逆时针转过一角度例如转过5°，则配合件74触发第二检测开关73。第二检测 开关73可以是接触型检测开关，此时，第二检测开关73接触配合件74时即可被触发；第二检测开关73也可以是接近型检测开关例如行程开关，此时，第二检测开关73在接近配合件74时即可被触发。第二检测开关73被触发的信号可以在控制器的控制下传输至登机桥调平机构的控制室，登机桥调平机构的操作者即可得知调平轮7已接触并压迫于飞机机身，其中控制器可以是一PLC控制器。在该实施方式中，调平轮座71绕着调平轮座71与安装杆33的铰链轴7100逆时针转动的角度不限于5°，通常该角度在3°-10°范围内均是可行的。
参见图6B和图8，图8示出图6B的K向视图，表示另一种接触飞机检测组件的结构。该实施方式的登机桥调平机构还包括支座91、支架92和拉伸弹簧93。
支座91固定于安装杆33端部的上面，支座91具有一定高度；支架92的一端安装所述调平轮7，另一端通过一销轴911等结构可转动地连接于支座91；拉伸弹簧93的一端连接于支架92，另一端连接支座91，例如拉伸弹簧93的另一端挂接于支座91上的孔912内，孔912位于销轴911的上方，拉伸弹簧93位于支架92上方。
该实施方式的登机桥调平机构中，接触飞机检测组件包括安装于安装杆33端部的第二检测开关94。
当调平轮7接触并压迫于飞机机身状态下，飞机机身对调平轮7的反作用力能使调平轮7连同支架92一起绕着支架92与支座91的铰接点逆时针转过一角度例如6°，支架92触发第二检测开关94，第二检测开关94发出触发信号。通常支架92绕着支架92与支座91的铰接点逆时针转过的角度在5°-10°范围内都是可行的。与图7A所示出的第二检测开关73类似，该实施方式中的第二检测开关94可以是接触型检测开关，也可以是接近型检测开关。
进一步地，本实施方式中，接触飞机检测组件还可以包括一限位件95例如限位销或限位螺钉等。限位件95安装于支座91上，限位件95可以安装于销轴911与孔912之间位置，并且限位件95可以更加靠近支架92。
当然，本领域的技术人员应该理解，接触飞机检测组件中的限位件95不限于限位销或限位螺钉，限位件95的安装位置也不限定于支座91上方，只要能阻挡支架92顺时针转动的限位结构均适用于本发明。
参见图5B，其示出本发明登机桥调平机构中另一种接触飞机检测组件的结构。如图5B所示，该实施方式的接触飞机检测组件适用于登机桥调平机构设有牵引杆34的情况。牵引杆34上可以设置一凹部341。该实施方式的接触飞机检测组件包括一第二检测开关 90，该第二检测开关90安装于主动杆31下端部与凹部341对应的位置。第二检测开关90可以是接触型开关也可以是接近型开关，当第二检测开关90接触或接近凹部341接触时，则调平轮7未接触飞机机身，当第二检测开关90远离凹部341时，第二检测开关90被触发而发出触发信号。
此外，由前面登机桥调平机构在打开状态和收起状态之间的转换过程的描述可知，登机桥调平机构的收起是通过驱动装置41驱动主动杆31的下端部而完成的。参见图5B，以驱动装置41为一气缸或者油缸为例子来说，伸出缸体的活塞杆长度对于调平轮7能否接触到飞机有一定影响，例如，当活塞杆伸出缸体的长度太长，则限制了主动杆31的转动，即限制了调平轮7向外伸出动作。此种情况下，既使接触飞机检测组件的检测结果是调平轮7没有接触到飞机机身，调平轮7也无法继续向外伸出而接触到飞机。本发明中，针对这一问题的解决方案是：在驱动装置41上设置一第三检测开关75，该第三检测开关75用于检测驱动装置41的最短长度。当驱动装置41为一气缸或者油缸情况下，第三检测开关75(见图5B)即检测其活塞杆能缩回至缸体内的极限位置，当活塞杆缩回至缸体内的极限位置时，第三检测开关75被触发而发出触发信号。
本发明登机桥调平机构中，当控制器收到第三检测开关75的触发信号，并且没有收到接触飞机检测组件的第二检测开关的触发信号时，则意味着登机桥前端部与飞机机身之间的距离太远，此时控制器会发出提示信号，操作者可以根据该提示信号控制登机桥向飞机方向进一步伸出一定距离；或者控制器根据该提示信号直接控制登机桥向飞机方向进一步伸出一定距离。
本发明登机桥，包括能伸缩的登机桥本身以及安装于登机桥本身前端部的至少一个登机桥调平机构，通常可以在登机桥本身前端部两侧各自安装一个登机桥调平机构。登机桥调平机构是本发明前面所述的登机桥调平机构。
工业实用性
本发明登机桥调平机构，应用于登机桥，通过将调平轮安装于一四连杆机构上来改变调平轮在登机桥伸缩过程中的运动轨迹，使调平轮的运动轨迹呈近似直线形。也就是说，本发明通过将调平轮安装于一四连杆机构上来减少调平轮在登机桥伸缩过程中在上下方向的位移。因此使用本发明登机桥调平机构，能有效减少因登机桥伸缩而产生的误认为飞机产生升降的检测误差。
以上实施方式中可能使用相对性的用语，例如“上”或“下”，以描述图标的一个组件 对于另一组件的相对关系。能理解的是，如果将图标的装置翻转使其上下颠倒，则所叙述在“上”或“下”的组件将会成为在“下”或“上”的组件。用语“一个”、“一”、“所述”和“至少一个”用以表示存在一个或多个要素/组成部分/等。术语“包含”、“包括”和“具有”用以表示开放式的包括在内的意思，并且是指除了列出的组成部分之外还可存在另外的组成部分等；“第一”、“第二”仅作为标记使用，不是对其对象的数字限制。
应可理解的是，本发明不将其应用限制到本文提出的部件的详细结构和布置方式。本发明能够具有其他实施方式，并且能够以多种方式实现并且执行。前述变形形式和修改形式落在本发明的范围内。应可理解的是，本文公开和限定的本发明延伸到文中和/或附图中提到或明显的两个或两个以上单独特征的所有可替代组合。所有这些不同的组合构成本发明的多个可替代方面。本文所述的实施方式说明了已知用于实现本发明的最佳方式，并且将使本领域技术人员能够利用本发明。
虽然已参照几个典型实施例描述了本发明，但应当理解，所用的术语是说明和示例性、而非限制性的术语。由于本发明能够以多种形式具体实施而不脱离发明的精神或实质，所以应当理解，上述实施例不限于任何前述的细节，而应在随附权利要求所限定的精神和范围内广泛地解释，因此落入权利要求或其等效范围内的全部变化和改型都应为随附权利要求所涵盖。

Claims (26)

  1. 一种登机桥调平机构，安装于一登机桥上，其特征在于，所述登机桥调平机构包括：
    一四连杆机构，其包括一安装座和三根杆，该安装座能固定安装于所述登机桥上；所述三根杆中的一根杆向外伸出，所述向外伸出的杆的端部安装有一调平轮和一第一检测开关，所述第一检测开关用于检测调平轮在一飞机机身的上下位移；
    一预紧力装置，一端连接于所述安装座，另一端连接于所述三根杆的其中一根杆，该预紧力装置提供预紧力，以使所述向外伸出的杆得以保持向外伸出趋势。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的登机桥调平机构，其特征在于，所述四连杆机构的三根杆包括：
    一主动杆，其下部铰接于所述安装座上；
    一从动杆，其下端部铰接于所述安装座上，所述从动杆位于所述主动杆上方；
    一安装杆，其一端部铰接于所述从动杆的上端部，另一端部向外伸出并安装所述调平轮和所述第一检测开关；
    所述主动杆的上端部铰接于所述安装杆。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的登机桥调平机构，其特征在于，所述预紧力装置是一拉伸弹簧，所述拉伸弹簧的一端连接于所述主动杆下端部，另一端连接于所述安装座。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的登机桥调平机构，其特征在于，所述主动杆的上端部与所述安装杆的铰接位置邻近所述安装杆与所述从动杆的铰接点。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的登机桥调平机构，其特征在于，所述主动杆的朝向所述安装杆的一侧面为倾斜面，在所述登机桥调平机构收起状态下，所述倾斜面能与所述安装杆贴合。
  6. 根据权利要求2所述的登机桥调平机构，其特征在于，所述主动杆、从动杆、安装杆的长度比例为(1.1～1.3):(0.9～1.1):(1.1～1.3)。
  7. 根据权利要求2所述的登机桥调平机构，其特征在于，所述主动杆和/或从动杆和/或安装杆呈空心管状。
  8. 根据权利要求2所述的登机桥调平机构，其特征在于，还包括：
    驱动装置，其安装于所述安装座，用于驱动所述安装杆向外伸出或缩回。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的登机桥调平机构，其特征在于，所述安装座具有一倾 斜板部、一中空部和一开口，所述从动杆、主动杆分别铰接于所述倾斜板部的上下端部。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的登机桥调平机构，其特征在于，所述中空部所述主动杆下端部由所述安装座的开口伸入所述中空部，所述驱动装置安装于所述中空部，并能驱动所述主动杆的下端部使所述主动杆绕其与所述安装座的铰接点转动。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的登机桥调平机构，其特征在于，所述的登机桥调平机构还包括：
    一牵引杆，其一端连接于所述主动杆下部，另一端连接于所述驱动装置。
  12. 根据权利要求1-11任一项所述的登机桥调平机构，其特征在于，所述的登机桥调平机构还包括外罩组件，当所述登机桥调平机构为收起状态时能容纳于所述外罩组件内。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的登机桥调平机构，其特征在于，所述外罩组件包括：
    固定罩体，其固定于所述安装座，并具有一容置空间和一开口；
    左开门，其一侧铰接于所述固定罩体的开口的一侧；
    右开门，其一侧铰接于所述固定罩体的开口的另一侧，所述左开门和右开门在闭合状态下能封闭所述开口。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的登机桥调平机构，其特征在于，所述外罩组件还包括：
    至少两个扭簧，分别设于所述左开门和右开门与固定罩体的连接处，所述扭簧的扭力使所述左开门、右开门保持开启趋势；
    至少两个限位件，分别用于限制所述左开门和右开门能开启的最大角度；
    开门机构，用于自动打开或关闭所述左开门和右开门。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的登机桥调平机构，其特征在于，所述开门机构包括：
    限位杆，其固定于所述安装杆，且所述限位杆的两端部伸出所述安装杆；
    两块限位板，分别固定于所述左开门和右开门内侧，每块所述限位板具有向内凸出的限位部；
    所述限位杆的两端部分别与两个所述限位部配合工作完成所述左开门和右开门的开启及闭合。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的登机桥调平机构，其特征在于，所述限位杆的两端各自安装有一个撞块，两个所述撞块压所述限位杆的两端部分别完成所述左开门和右 开门的开启及关闭。
  17. 根据权利要求15所述的登机桥调平机构，其特征在于，所述限位部上设有通孔，所述固定罩体上对应所述限位板位置设有固定片，固定片上设有通孔，所述限位件是一杆件，该杆件穿设于限位部上的通孔和固定片上的通孔，杆件顶端设有限位帽。
  18. 根据权利要求15所述的登机桥调平机构，其特征在于，所述限位部上设有通孔，所述固定罩体的开口处设有翻边，所述翻边上设有通孔，所述限位件是一杆件，该杆件穿设于限位部上的通孔和翻边上的通孔，杆件顶端设有限位帽。
  19. 根据权利要求1-11任一项所述的登机桥调平机构，其特征在于，所述的登机桥调平机构还包括：
    接触飞机检测组件，用于检测所述调平轮是否接触到飞机机身。
  20. 根据权利要求19所述的登机桥调平机构，其特征在于，所述登机桥调平机构还包括：
    支座，固定于所述安装杆端部；
    支架，其一端安装所述调平轮，另一端可转动地连接于所述支座；
    拉伸弹簧，连接于所述支架与所述支座之间；
    所述接触飞机检测组件包括安装于所述安装杆端部的第二检测开关，当所述调平轮未接触飞机机身，所述弹性件使所述第二检测开关不被触发；当所述调平轮接触并压迫于飞机机身状态下，飞机机身对所述调平轮的反作用力能使所述支架绕着所述支架与所述支座的铰接点转过一角度，所述支架触发所述第二检测开关，所述第二检测开关发出触发信号。
  21. 根据权利要求20所述的登机桥调平机构，其特征在于，所述支架绕着所述支架与所述支座的铰接点转过的角度范围为5°-10°。
  22. 根据权利要求20所述的登机桥调平机构，其特征在于，所述接触飞机检测组件还包括：
    一限位件，其安装于所述支座上，并位于所述支架上方，用于限制所述支架在所述拉伸弹簧作用下顺时针转动。
  23. 根据权利要求19所述的登机桥调平机构，其特征在于，所述登机桥调平机构还包括：
    调平轮座，所述调平轮安装于该调平轮座上，该调平轮座具有相对的一上侧和一 下侧，所述安装杆具有相对的一上侧和一下侧，所述调平轮座的上侧与所述安装杆的上侧通过铰链铰接连接，所述调平轮座的下侧与所述安装杆的下侧之间安装有一压缩弹簧；
    所述接触飞机检测组件包括安装于所述调平轮座上的第二检测开关和安装于所述安装杆上的配合件，当所述调平轮未接触飞机机身，所述弹性件使所述第二检测开关不被触发；当所述调平轮接触并压迫于飞机机身状态下，飞机机身对所述调平轮的反作用力能使所述调平轮座绕着所述铰链的铰链轴转过一角度，所述配合件触发所述第二检测开关，所述第二检测开关发出触发信号。
  24. 根据权利要求19所述的登机桥调平机构，其特征在于，所述驱动装置的长度能伸缩，所述驱动装置通过其长度的伸缩驱动所述主动杆转动，所述接触飞机检测组件还包括：
    第三检测开关，其安装于所述驱动装置，当所述驱动装置缩短至最短长度时，该第三检测开关被触发而发出触发信号。
  25. 根据权利要求11所述的登机桥调平机构，其特征在于，所述的登机桥调平机构还包括用于检测所述调平轮是否接触到飞机机身的接触飞机检测组件，所述牵引杆上具有一凹部，所述接触飞机检测组件包括一第二检测开关，该第二检测开关安装于所述主动杆下端部与所述凹部对应位置，当所述第二检测开关接触或接近所述凹部时，则所述调平轮未接触飞机机身，当所述第二检测开关远离所述凹部时，所述第二检测开关被触发而发出触发信号。
  26. 一种登机桥，包括能伸缩的登机桥本身，其特征在于，所述登机桥本身前端部安装有至少一个如权利要求1-25任一项所述的登机桥调平机构。
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