WO2018021332A1 - 方向性電磁鋼板用熱延鋼板およびその製造方法、並びに方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法 - Google Patents
方向性電磁鋼板用熱延鋼板およびその製造方法、並びに方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a hot-rolled steel sheet for grain-oriented electrical steel sheets used for production of grain-oriented electrical steel sheets, a method for producing the same, and a method for producing grain-oriented electrical steel sheets.
- Oriented electrical steel sheet is a soft magnetic property material mainly used as the core material of electrical equipment such as transformers and generators, and the ⁇ 001> orientation, which is the easy axis of iron, is highly advanced in the rolling direction of the steel sheet. It has a uniform crystal structure. Such a texture preferentially causes grains of (110) [001] orientation, which is called the Goss orientation, during secondary recrystallization annealing in the production process of grain-oriented electrical steel sheets. It is formed through secondary recrystallization that grows enormously.
- such a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet heats a slab containing about 3% by mass of Si and an inhibitor component such as MnS, MnSe, and AlN at a temperature exceeding 1300 ° C. to temporarily dissolve the inhibitor component. After that, it is hot-rolled and subjected to hot-rolled sheet annealing as necessary, to obtain the final sheet thickness by one or more cold rollings sandwiching intermediate annealing, followed by primary in a wet (humid) hydrogen atmosphere After performing recrystallization annealing to perform primary recrystallization and decarburization, an annealing separator containing magnesia (MgO) as a main component is applied, and then at 1200 ° C for secondary recrystallization and purification of inhibitor components. It has been manufactured by performing final finish annealing for about 5 hours (for example, Patent Document 1, Patent Document 2, and Patent Document 3).
- MgO magnesia
- precipitates such as MnS, MnSe, and AlN are included in the slab stage, and these inhibitor components are added by slab heating at a high temperature exceeding 1300 ° C.
- a technique has been adopted in which secondary recrystallization is expressed by solid solution once and fine precipitation in a subsequent process.
- Patent Document 4 contains 0.010 to 0.060% of acid-soluble Al (sol. Al), suppresses slab heating to a low temperature, and performs nitriding in a proper nitriding atmosphere in the decarburization annealing process.
- (Al, Si) N is precipitated and used as an inhibitor during secondary recrystallization.
- (Al, Si) N is finely dispersed in the steel and functions as an effective inhibitor.
- precipitates (Si3N4 or (Si, Mn) N) is formed only on the surface layer.
- the precipitate mainly composed of silicon nitride is changed to a more thermodynamically stable Al-containing nitride ((Al, Si) N or AlN).
- Si3N4 existing in the vicinity of the surface layer dissolves during the temperature increase of the secondary recrystallization annealing, while nitrogen diffuses into the steel and reaches a temperature exceeding 900 ° C.
- the Al-containing nitride is substantially uniform in the thickness direction, and a grain growth inhibiting force (inhibition effect) can be obtained with the entire plate thickness.
- the same precipitate amount and precipitate particle size can be obtained in the plate thickness direction relatively easily as compared with the dispersion control of precipitates using slab heating at a high temperature.
- Patent Document 5 primary recrystallization ⁇ 411 ⁇ ⁇ 148> is performed by leaving an unrecrystallized structure in the surface layer 1/4 region of the hot rolled sheet and performing cold rolling without performing hot rolled sheet annealing. It has been shown that orientation is preferentially developed and good magnetic properties are obtained.
- Patent Document 6 discloses a technique (inhibitorless method) capable of secondary recrystallization without containing an inhibitor component.
- the inhibitorless method is an excellent method from the viewpoint of cost and productivity because slab heating at high temperature is unnecessary, but due to the low slab heating temperature, inevitably rolling during hot rolling The temperature is also lowered. With such a decrease in hot rolling temperature, strain is likely to accumulate on the surface of the steel sheet during hot rolling, and the surface layer of the hot rolled sheet is likely to be recrystallized. As a result, the surface layer of the manufactured hot rolled sheet is completely recrystallized. Since the recrystallized grains on the surface layer of such a hot-rolled sheet are very fine, the recrystallized grains on the surface layer grow abnormally during the hot-rolled sheet annealing in the next step. As a result, there is a problem that the grain size of the recrystallized structure in the thickness direction of the hot-rolled annealed plate is reduced, and the variation in the magnetic properties of the final product plate is increased in the coil.
- the present invention is a hot-rolled steel sheet for grain-oriented electrical steel sheets in which variation in the coil of magnetic properties in the final product plate is reduced by appropriately performing the hot rolling process under predetermined conditions. I will provide a.
- the present invention is a method for producing a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet having low cost and high productivity that does not require high-temperature slab heating, and reduces variations in magnetic properties in the coil in the final product state. It aims at providing the manufacturing method of the grain-oriented electrical steel plate which can do.
- the component elements of sol.Al, S, and Se are mutually regulated in the minute amount range, which is less than the content for functioning as a conventionally recognized inhibitor.
- the ability to suppress normal grain growth is obtained, and it has been newly found that it contributes to the improvement of magnetic properties.
- a hot-rolled steel sheet having a recrystallization rate of 90% or less in the region from the steel sheet surface (outermost layer or backmost layer) to 1/4 depth of the plate thickness (hereinafter referred to as 1/4 layer thickness) is used.
- the inventors have newly found that the variation in magnetic properties in the coil of the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet, which is the final product, can be reduced.
- the above-mentioned “recrystallization rate” is measured by measuring the range from the outermost layer of the steel plate to 1/4 depth of the plate thickness and the range from the backmost layer of the steel plate to 1/4 depth of the plate thickness. The value on the side shall be adopted.
- the friction coefficient is controlled by controlling the sheet thickness, tension, and amount of lubricating liquid to be supplied, and the friction coefficient is reduced more than before, specifically 0.35 or less.
- the recrystallization rate in the 1/4 layer region of the hot-rolled steel sheet can be controlled to 90% or less, and as a result, the variation in the magnetic characteristics in the coil of the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet in the final product sheet can be achieved. It came to know that it can reduce.
- a steel slab having a thickness of 220 mm having various composition shown in Table 1 was heated to 1250 ° C. and then hot-rolled to a thickness of 2.4 mm.
- the friction coefficient was controlled by controlling the amount of lubricating liquid supplied in the final finishing pass of hot rolling.
- the friction coefficient was calculated based on the theory of Orowan using the rolling resistance such as rolling load, sheet thickness, tension, roll diameter, and deformation resistance calculated from the rolling temperature. The values are also shown in Table 1.
- a sample was cut from the center in the width direction of the tip and tail ends of the hot-rolled coil, and the total thickness of the cross section in the direction perpendicular to the roll (TD (Transverse Direction) direction) was re-examined by EBSD (backscattered electron diffraction). The crystallinity was measured. EBSD was measured under the condition of 1 ⁇ m pitch. For the data analysis, we used OIM analysis from TexSEM Laboratories Inc.
- the hot rolled coil was annealed at 1050 ° C. for 60 s and then cold rolled to a thickness of 0.27 mm, and then subjected to primary recrystallization annealing at 820 ° C. for 120 s.
- the heating rate between 500 and 700 ° C. during the primary recrystallization annealing was set to 200 ° C./s.
- secondary recrystallization annealing is performed at 1200 ° C for 10 hours, followed by application of phosphate-based insulation tension coating.
- the product was subjected to flattening annealing for the purpose of baking and flattening of the steel strip. The results of examining the magnetic properties of the product plates thus obtained are also shown in Table 1.
- the gist configuration of the present invention that solves the above problems is as follows. 1. % By mass C: 0.002% to 0.080%, Si: 2.00% to 8.00%, Mn: 0.02% to 0.50%, Acid-soluble Al: 0.003% or more and less than 0.010%, and S and / or Se in total contain 0.001% or more and 0.010% or less, N is suppressed to less than 0.006%, and the balance has a component composition of Fe and inevitable impurities And A hot-rolled steel sheet for grain-oriented electrical steel sheets having a recrystallization rate of 90% or less in the region from the outermost layer and the backmost layer to a quarter depth of the plate thickness.
- the component composition further includes: % By mass Ni: 0.005% to 1.5%, Cu: 0.005% to 1.5%, Sb: 0.005% to 0.5%, Sn: 0.005% to 0.5%, Cr: 0.005% to 0.1%, P: 0.005% to 0.5%, Mo: 0.005% to 0.5%, Ti: 0.0005% to 0.1%, Nb: 0.0005% or more and 0.1% or less, V: 0.0005% to 0.1%, B: 0.0002% to 0.0025%, Bi: 0.005% to 0.1%, Te: 0.0005% to 0.01% and Ta: The hot rolled steel sheet for grain-oriented electrical steel sheet according to 1 above, containing one or more selected from 0.0005% to 0.01%.
- the component composition further includes: % By mass Ni: 0.005% to 1.5%, Cu: 0.005% to 1.5%, Sb: 0.005% to 0.5%, Sn: 0.005% to 0.5%, Cr: 0.005% to 0.1%, P: 0.005% to 0.5%, Mo: 0.005% to 0.5%, Ti: 0.0005% to 0.1%, Nb: 0.0005% or more and 0.1% or less, V: 0.0005% to 0.1%, B: 0.0002% to 0.0025%, Bi: 0.005% to 0.1%, Te: 0.0005% to 0.01% and Ta: The hot-rolled sheet annealing sheet for grain-oriented electrical steel sheets according to 3 above, containing one or more selected from 0.0005% to 0.01%.
- % By mass C 0.002% to 0.080%, Si: 2.0% to 8.0%, Mn: 0.02% to 0.50%, Acid soluble Al: 0.003% or more and less than 0.010% and S and / or Se in total containing 0.001% or more and 0.010% or less, N is suppressed to less than 0.006%, the balance is Fe and inevitable impurities Heat the steel slab with 1300 °C or less, A method for producing a hot-rolled steel sheet that hot-rolls the steel slab, A method for producing a hot-rolled steel sheet for grain-oriented electrical steel sheets, wherein a friction coefficient in a final finishing pass of the hot rolling is 0.35 or less.
- the component composition further includes: % By mass Ni: 0.005% to 1.5%, Cu: 0.005% to 1.5%, Sb: 0.005% to 0.5%, Sn: 0.005% to 0.5%, Cr: 0.005% to 0.1%, P: 0.005% to 0.5%, Mo: 0.005% to 0.5%, Ti: 0.0005% to 0.1%, Nb: 0.0005% or more and 0.1% or less, V: 0.0005% to 0.1%, B: 0.0002% to 0.0025%, Bi: 0.005% to 0.1%, Te: 0.0005% to 0.01% and Ta: The manufacturing method of the hot-rolled steel sheet for grain-oriented electrical steel sheets of said 5 containing 1 type, or 2 or more types chosen from 0.0005% or more and 0.01% or less.
- the hot-rolled steel sheet manufactured by the method for manufacturing a hot-rolled steel sheet for grain-oriented electrical steel sheets as described in 5 or 6 above is subjected to hot-rolled sheet annealing, and subjected to cold rolling at least twice with one or intermediate annealing in between.
- a cold-rolled steel sheet having a thickness Subjecting the cold-rolled steel sheet to primary recrystallization annealing, The manufacturing method of the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet which performs a secondary recrystallization annealing after apply
- a hot-rolled steel sheet and a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet having low cost and high productivity that do not require high-temperature slab heating can be obtained. Further, according to the present invention, it is possible to reduce variations in magnetic characteristics in the coil in the final product.
- 3 is a graph showing the relationship between the recrystallization rate in the region of a 1/4 layer thickness of a hot-rolled steel sheet and the friction coefficient in the final finishing pass during hot rolling.
- C 0.002% or more and 0.080% or less If C is less than 0.002%, the grain boundary strengthening effect due to C is lost and defects such as cracks in the slab are produced. On the other hand, if it exceeds 0.080%, it becomes difficult to reduce to 0.005% or less, which does not cause magnetic aging, by decarburization annealing. Therefore, C is in the range of 0.002% to 0.080%. More preferably, it is 0.020% or more and 0.070% or less.
- Si 2.00% or more and 8.00% or less Si is an element that is extremely effective in increasing the electrical resistance of steel and reducing eddy current loss that constitutes a part of iron loss.
- the electric resistance increases monotonously up to a content of 11%, but the workability is significantly lowered when the content exceeds 8.00%.
- the Si content is set to 2.00% or more and 8.00% or less. More preferably, it is 2.50% or more and 4.50% or less.
- Mn 0.02% or more and 0.50% or less Mn combines with S and Se to form MnS and MnSe, and even if these MnS and MnSe are in trace amounts, secondary recrystallization annealing is performed by using in combination with grain boundary segregation elements. It acts to suppress the growth of normal grains during the temperature rising process. However, if the amount of Mn is less than 0.02%, this effect becomes insufficient for suppressing the growth of normal grains. On the other hand, if the amount of Mn exceeds 0.50%, in order to completely dissolve Mn in the slab heating process before hot rolling, not only high temperature slab heating is required, but also MnS and MnSe precipitate coarsely. Therefore, the ability to suppress normal grain growth is reduced. Therefore, the Mn content is set to 0.02% or more and 0.50% or less. More preferably, it is 0.05% or more and 0.20% or less.
- S and / or Se 0.001% or more and 0.010% or less in total S and Se combine with Mn to form an inhibitor, but the content of one or two selected from S and Se is 0.001 in total If it is less than%, the absolute amount of the inhibitor is insufficient, and the suppression of normal grain growth is insufficient. On the other hand, if the content of one or two selected from S and Se exceeds 0.010% in total, de-S and de-Se are incomplete in secondary recrystallization annealing, so iron loss deteriorates. cause. Therefore, the content of one or two selected from S and Se is set to a range of 0.001% to 0.010% in total.
- Acid-soluble Al 0.003% or more and less than 0.010%
- Al forms a dense oxide film on the surface, making it difficult to control the amount of nitridation during nitridation or inhibiting decarburization.
- the amount of soluble Al is less than 0.010%.
- Al, which has a high oxygen affinity, can be added in a small amount during steelmaking to reduce the amount of dissolved oxygen in the steel and reduce oxide inclusions that lead to deterioration of properties. From this point of view, the deterioration of magnetic properties can be suppressed by containing 0.003% or more of acid-soluble Al.
- N Less than 0.006% N, like S and Se, also makes secondary recrystallization difficult when it is present in excess. In particular, when the N content is 0.006% or more, secondary recrystallization hardly occurs and the magnetic properties are deteriorated. Therefore, N is suppressed to less than 0.006%. In addition, since it is difficult to make it less than 0.001% in industrial scale production, the content of 0.001% or more is allowed.
- the basic components of the present invention have been described above.
- the balance other than the above components is Fe and inevitable impurities, but in the present invention, the following elements can be appropriately contained as needed.
- Ni is 0.005% to 1.5%
- Cu is 0.005% to 1.5%
- Sb is 0.005% to 0.5%
- Sn is 0.005% to 0.5%
- Cr is 0.005% to 0.1%
- P is 0.005.
- Mo to 0.005% to 0.5%
- Te may be 0.0005% to 0.01%
- Ta may be 0.0005% to 0.01%.
- Slab heating A steel slab having the above component composition is heated.
- Slab heating temperature shall be 1300 °C or less.
- induction heating instead of normal gas heating, which is disadvantageous in terms of cost, productivity, yield, and the like.
- the slab heating temperature is too low, the solute element is not sufficiently homogenized, and is preferably 1200 ° C. or higher.
- Hot rolling After slab heating, hot rolling is performed. In hot rolling, for example, the rolling reduction is 95% or more, and the thickness after hot rolling is 1.5 to 3.5 mm.
- the rolling end temperature is desirably 800 ° C. or higher.
- the coiling temperature after hot rolling is preferably about 500 to 700 ° C.
- the feature of the present invention is that the recrystallization rate in the region of 1/4 layer thickness of the hot rolled steel sheet is 90% or less.
- a method for reducing the recrystallization rate in the region of the 1/4 layer thickness of the hot-rolled steel sheet to 90% or less for example, lowering the coefficient of friction in the final finishing pass of hot rolling, specifically 0.35 or less.
- a method of reducing the friction coefficient for example, a method of increasing the amount of the lubricating liquid, a method of reducing the roll roughness, a method of reducing the surface scale thickness by strengthening the deske, shortening the rolling time, or the like can be considered.
- the hot rolled sheet structure is improved by annealing the rolled sheet.
- the hot-rolled sheet annealing at this time is preferably performed under conditions of a soaking temperature: 800 ° C. to 1200 ° C. and a soaking time: 2 s to 300 s.
- the soaking temperature of the hot-rolled sheet annealing is less than 800 ° C., the improvement of the hot-rolled sheet structure is not complete, and an unrecrystallized portion remains, so that a desired structure may not be obtained.
- the soaking temperature exceeds 1200 ° C, the dissolution of AlN, MnSe and MnS proceeds, the inhibitor repression is insufficient in the secondary recrystallization process, and the secondary recrystallization does not occur, resulting in deterioration of magnetic properties. Will cause. Therefore, it is preferable that the soaking temperature of the hot-rolled sheet annealing is 800 ° C. or more and 1200 ° C. or less.
- the soaking time for hot-rolled sheet annealing is preferably 2 s or more and 300 s or less.
- a further feature of the present invention is that the average recrystallized grain size in the region from the outermost layer and the rearmost layer of the hot-rolled annealed plate to a quarter depth of the thickness is 1 in the direction from the thickness center to the outermost layer and the outermost layer. / 4 Less than 3 times the average recrystallized grain size in the region less than the plate thickness.
- the above-mentioned “average recrystallized grain size in the region from the outermost layer and the rearmost layer to the depth of 1/4 of the plate thickness” is the range from the outermost layer of the steel plate to the 1/4 depth of the plate thickness, and the The average recrystallized grain size in the range from the back layer to the 1/4 depth of the plate thickness is measured, and the larger value is adopted.
- the method for measuring the average recrystallized grain size of hot-rolled sheet annealed plates is the same as that for hot-rolled sheets. Samples are cut out from the center in the width direction of the tip and tail ends of the coil, The total thickness was measured by EBSD. A region where Grain Orientation Spread (average value of misorientation angles between a certain measurement point and all remaining measurement points in the same crystal grain) is within 3 ° was regarded as a recrystallized grain.
- the steel sheet is rolled to the final sheet thickness by two or more cold rollings that sandwich the intermediate annealing.
- the intermediate annealing is preferably performed at a soaking temperature of 800 ° C. or more and 1200 ° C. or less and a soaking time of 2 s or more and 300 s or less based on the same idea as hot-rolled sheet annealing.
- a better primary recrystallized annealed plate texture can be obtained by setting the rolling reduction in the final cold rolling to 80% or more and 95% or less.
- the rolling temperature is raised to 100 to 250 ° C and rolling is performed, or the aging treatment in the range of 100 to 250 ° C is performed one or more times during the cold rolling, the goth structure is developed. Effective above.
- primary recrystallization annealing After the cold rolling, primary recrystallization annealing is preferably performed at a soaking temperature of 700 ° C. or higher and 1000 ° C. or lower. Moreover, if this primary recrystallization annealing is performed, for example in a wet hydrogen atmosphere, it can also serve as the decarburization of a steel plate. Here, if the soaking temperature in the primary recrystallization annealing is less than 700 ° C., the unrecrystallized portion remains and a desired structure may not be obtained. On the other hand, when the soaking temperature exceeds 1000 ° C., secondary recrystallization of goth-oriented grains may occur.
- the soaking temperature in the primary recrystallization annealing is preferably 700 ° C. or higher and 1000 ° C. or lower.
- the average rate of temperature increase in the temperature range of 500 to 700 ° C. is 50 ° C./s or more.
- An annealing separator is applied to the steel sheet after the primary recrystallization annealing as necessary.
- an annealing separation agent mainly composed of MgO is applied, and then secondary recrystallization annealing is performed by also performing purification annealing.
- the next recrystallized structure can be developed and a forsterite film can be formed.
- the annealing separator is not applied, or even when it is applied, MgO that forms the forsterite film is not used, but silica, alumina or the like is used.
- these annealing separators are applied, it is effective to perform electrostatic application or the like that does not bring in moisture.
- a heat resistant inorganic material sheet (silica, alumina, mica) may be used.
- Secondary recrystallization annealing is performed.
- the secondary recrystallization annealing is preferably held at a temperature of 800 ° C. or higher for 20 hours or longer.
- the annealing conditions for secondary recrystallization annealing are not particularly limited, and can be performed under conventionally known annealing conditions. If the annealing atmosphere at this time is a hydrogen atmosphere, it can also serve as a purification annealing.
- a desired grain-oriented electrical steel sheet is obtained through an insulating coating application process and a planarization annealing process.
- the coating applied in the insulating coating application step is mainly made of glass, and it is common to apply silicate or the like with a coater.
- the planarization annealing step when the annealing separator is applied in the previous step, washing, brushing, and pickling are performed to remove the attached annealing separator. After that, it is effective to reduce the iron loss by performing flattening annealing to correct the shape.
- the soaking temperature for flattening annealing is preferably about 700 to 900 ° C. from the viewpoint of shape correction.
- the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet produced by satisfying the above conditions has a very high magnetic flux density after secondary recrystallization, and also has low iron loss characteristics.
- having a high magnetic flux density indicates that only the Goss orientation and its neighboring orientations were preferentially grown in the secondary recrystallization process. Since the growth rate of secondary recrystallized grains increases with the Goss orientation and the vicinity thereof, increasing the magnetic flux density indicates that the secondary recrystallized grain size is potentially coarsened.
- it is advantageous from the viewpoint of reducing loss it is disadvantageous from the viewpoint of reducing eddy current loss.
- the magnetic domain refinement treatment all known heat-resistant or non-heat-resistant magnetic domain refinement treatments can be applied, but if a method of irradiating the surface of the steel sheet after secondary recrystallization annealing with an electron beam or a laser is used, the steel sheet Since the magnetic domain refinement effect can be penetrated to the inside in the plate thickness direction, an iron loss characteristic extremely lower than that of other magnetic domain refinement processes such as an etching method can be obtained.
- Other manufacturing conditions may follow the general manufacturing method of a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet.
- Example 1 220 mm-thick steel slabs having various component compositions shown in Table 2 were heated to 1240 ° C. and then hot-rolled to 2.4 mm thickness.
- Table 2 shows the results of measurement of the friction coefficient in the final finishing pass in hot rolling and the area ratio of the recrystallized grains in the 1/4 layer thickness region of the hot-rolled steel sheet taken from the tip and tail ends of the hot-rolled coil. It is written together.
- the hot-rolled sheet was subjected to hot-rolled sheet annealing at 1000 ° C. for 60 s.
- Thickness 1/4 layer and thickness center layer (less than 1/4 thickness from the thickness center to the outermost layer and backmost layer) in the hot-rolled sheet annealed plate taken from the tip and tail ends of the hot-rolled sheet annealing coil
- Table 2 The results of measuring the average recrystallized grain size in the region (region) are also shown in Table 2.
- After hot-rolled sheet annealing it was rolled to an intermediate thickness of 1.8 mm by the first cold rolling. Next, after intermediate annealing at 1040 ° C.
- the second cold rolling was cold-rolled to a thickness of 0.23 mm, followed by primary recrystallization annealing at 850 ° C. for 120 s.
- the heating rate between 500 and 700 ° C. during the primary recrystallization annealing was set to 100 ° C./s.
- the recrystallization ratio in the 1/4 layer region of the hot-rolled steel sheet can be reduced to 90% or less.
- the average recrystallized grain size in the 1/4 layer thickness region of the hot-rolled sheet annealed plate can be 3 times or less than the average recrystallized grain size in the thickness center layer region. Variations in magnetic properties can be greatly reduced.
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Abstract
Description
また、特許文献5では、熱延板の表層1/4領域に未再結晶組織を残存させ、熱延板焼鈍を施すことなく冷間圧延を行うことにより、一次再結晶{411}<148>方位を優先的に発達させ、良好な磁気特性を得ることが示されている。
また、本発明は、高温スラブ加熱を必要としない低コストかつ高生産性を有する方向性電磁鋼板を製造する方法であって、かつ、最終製品状態でのコイル内での磁気特性のバラツキを低減することが可能な方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法を提供することを目的とする。
さらに、鋼板表面(最表層または最裏層)から板厚の1/4深さまで(以下、板厚1/4層とする)の領域の再結晶率が90%以下である熱延鋼板を用いることで、最終製品である方向性電磁鋼板のコイル内での磁気特性のバラツキを低減できることを新規に知見するに至った。ここで、上記「再結晶率」は、鋼板の最表層から板厚の1/4深さまでの範囲と、鋼板の最裏層から板厚の1/4深さまでの範囲とを測定し、大きい側の値を採用するものとする。
その後、鋼板表面にMgOを主成分とする焼鈍分離剤を塗布してから、1200℃で10時間の純化焼鈍を兼ねた二次再結晶焼鈍を行い、引き続きリン酸塩系の絶縁張力コーティングの塗布、焼付けと鋼帯の平坦化を目的とする平坦化焼鈍を施して製品とした。かくして得られた製品板の磁気特性について調べた結果を、表1に併記する。
また、表1および図1に示されるように、熱間圧延時の最終仕上げパスにおける摩擦係数が0.35以下である場合には、熱延鋼板における板厚1/4層の領域の再結晶率が90%以下となっていることがわかる。また、表1の結果から、板厚1/4層の領域の再結晶率が90%以下である場合には、製品板における熱間圧延時の先端側部と尾端側部間の磁気特性(鉄損)のバラツキが低減されていることがわかる。
このように、熱間圧延の最終仕上げパスにおける摩擦係数を0.35以下とすることで熱延鋼板における板厚1/4層の領域の再結晶率を90%以下とすることができ、最終製品板の磁気特性のバラツキを大幅に低減することができる。
1.質量%で、
C:0.002%以上0.080%以下、
Si:2.00%以上8.00%以下、
Mn:0.02%以上0.50%以下、
酸可溶性Al:0.003%以上0.010%未満並びに
Sおよび/またはSeを合計で0.001%以上0.010%以下
を含有し、Nを0.006%未満に抑制し、残部はFeおよび不可避的不純物の成分組成を有し、
最表層および最裏層から板厚の1/4深さまでの領域の再結晶率が90%以下である方向性電磁鋼板用熱延鋼板。
質量%で、
Ni:0.005%以上1.5%以下、
Cu:0.005%以上1.5%以下、
Sb:0.005%以上0.5%以下、
Sn:0.005%以上0.5%以下、
Cr:0.005%以上0.1%以下、
P:0.005%以上0.5%以下、
Mo:0.005%以上0.5%以下、
Ti:0.0005%以上0.1%以下、
Nb:0.0005%以上0.1%以下、
V:0.0005%以上0.1%以下、
B:0.0002%以上0.0025%以下、
Bi:0.005%以上0.1%以下、
Te:0.0005%以上0.01%以下および
Ta:0.0005%以上0.01%以下
のうちから選ばれる1種または2種以上を含有する、上記1に記載の方向性電磁鋼板用熱延鋼板。
C:0.002%以上0.080%以下、
Si:2.00%以上8.00%以下、
Mn:0.02%以上0.50%以下、
酸可溶性Al:0.003%以上0.010%未満並びに
Sおよび/またはSeを合計で0.001%以上0.010%以下
を含有し、Nを0.006%未満に抑制し、残部はFeおよび不可避的不純物の成分組成を有し、
最表層および最裏層から板厚の1/4深さまでの領域の平均再結晶粒径が板厚中心から最表層および最裏層方向に1/4板厚未満の領域の平均再結晶粒径の3倍以下である方向性電磁鋼板用熱延板焼鈍板。
質量%で、
Ni:0.005%以上1.5%以下、
Cu:0.005%以上1.5%以下、
Sb:0.005%以上0.5%以下、
Sn:0.005%以上0.5%以下、
Cr:0.005%以上0.1%以下、
P:0.005%以上0.5%以下、
Mo:0.005%以上0.5%以下、
Ti:0.0005%以上0.1%以下、
Nb:0.0005%以上0.1%以下、
V:0.0005%以上0.1%以下、
B:0.0002%以上0.0025%以下、
Bi:0.005%以上0.1%以下、
Te:0.0005%以上0.01%以下および
Ta:0.0005%以上0.01%以下
のうちから選ばれる1種または2種以上を含有する、上記3に記載の方向性電磁鋼板用熱延板焼鈍板。
C:0.002%以上0.080%以下、
Si:2.0%以上8.0%以下、
Mn:0.02%以上0.50%以下、
酸可溶性Al:0.003%以上0.010%未満並びに
Sおよび/またはSeを合計で0.001%以上0.010%以下
を含有し、Nを0.006%未満に抑制し、残部はFeおよび不可避的不純物である成分組成を有する鋼スラブを1300℃以下で加熱し、
該鋼スラブに熱間圧延を施す熱延鋼板の製造方法であって、
前記熱間圧延の最終仕上げパスにおける摩擦係数を0.35以下とする方向性電磁鋼板用熱延鋼板の製造方法。
質量%で、
Ni:0.005%以上1.5%以下、
Cu:0.005%以上1.5%以下、
Sb:0.005%以上0.5%以下、
Sn:0.005%以上0.5%以下、
Cr:0.005%以上0.1%以下、
P:0.005%以上0.5%以下、
Mo:0.005%以上0.5%以下、
Ti:0.0005%以上0.1%以下、
Nb:0.0005%以上0.1%以下、
V:0.0005%以上0.1%以下、
B:0.0002%以上0.0025%以下、
Bi:0.005%以上0.1%以下、
Te:0.0005%以上0.01%以下および
Ta:0.0005%以上0.01%以下
のうちから選ばれる1種または2種以上を含有する、上記5に記載の方向性電磁鋼板用熱延鋼板の製造方法。
該冷延鋼板に一次再結晶焼鈍を施し、
該一次再結晶焼鈍後の前記冷延鋼板の表面に焼鈍分離剤を塗布してから二次再結晶焼鈍を施す方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法。
Cは、0.002%に満たないと、Cによる粒界強化効果が失われ、スラブに割れが生じるなど、製造に支障を来たす欠陥を生ずるようになる。一方、0.080%を超えると、脱炭焼鈍で、磁気時効の起こらない0.005%以下に低減することが困難となる。よって、Cは0.002%以上0.080%以下の範囲とする。より好ましくは0.020%以上0.070%以下である。
Siは、鋼の電気抵抗を増大させ、鉄損の一部を構成する渦電流損を低減するのに極めて有効な元素である。鋼板に、Siを添加していった場合、含有量が11%までは、電気抵抗が単調に増加するものの、含有量が8.00%を超えたところで、加工性が著しく低下する。一方、含有量が2.00%未満では、電気抵抗が小さくなり良好な鉄損特性を得ることができない。そのため、Si量は2.00%以上8.00%以下とした。より好ましくは2.50%以上4.50%以下である。
Mnは、SやSeと結合してMnSやMnSeを形成し、これらのMnSやMnSeが微量であっても粒界偏析元素との併用によって、二次再結晶焼鈍の昇温過程において正常粒成長を抑制するように作用する。しかしながら、Mn量が0.02%に満たないと、この作用が、正常粒成長の抑制力不足となる。一方、Mn量が0.50%を超えると、熱延前のスラブ加熱過程において、Mnを完全固溶させるためには高温でのスラブ加熱が必要となるだけでなく、MnSやMnSeが粗大析出してしまうために、正常粒成長の抑制力が低下する。そのため、Mn量は0.02%以上0.50%以下とした。より好ましくは0.05%以上0.20%以下である。
SおよびSeは、Mnと結合してインヒビターを形成するが、SおよびSeのうちから選んだ1種または2種の含有量が合計で0.001%未満では、インヒビターの絶対量が不足し、正常粒成長の抑制力不足となる。一方、SおよびSeのうちから選んだ1種または2種の含有量が合計で0.010%を超えると、二次再結晶焼鈍において、脱S、脱Seが不完全となるため、鉄損劣化を引き起こす。そのため、SおよびSeのうちから選んだ1種または2種の含有量は、合計で0.001%以上0.010%以下の範囲とした。
Alは、表面に緻密な酸化膜を形成し、窒化の際にその窒化量の制御を困難にしたり、脱炭を阻害することもあるため、Alは酸可溶性Al量で0.010%未満とする。酸素親和力の高いAlは、製鋼で微量添加することにより鋼中の溶存酸素量を低減し、特性劣化につながる酸化物系介在物の低減などを見込める。この観点から、酸可溶性Alを0.003%以上含有させることにより、磁気特性の劣化を抑制することができる。
Nもまた、SやSeと同様、過剰に存在すると、二次再結晶を困難にする。特にN量が0.006%以上になると、二次再結晶が生じ難くなり、磁気特性が劣化するので、Nは0.006%未満に抑制するものとした。なお、0.001%未満とするのは工業的規模の製造では難しいため、0.001%以上の含有は許容される。
Ni、Cu、Sb、Sn、Cr、P、Mo、Ti、Nb、V、B、Bi、TeおよびTaはいずれも、磁気特性向上に有用な元素であるが、それぞれの含有量が上記範囲の下限値に満たないと、磁気特性の改善効果が乏しく、一方それぞれの含有量が上記範囲の上限値を超えると、二次再結晶が不安定になり磁気特性の劣化を招く。従って、Niは0.005%以上1.5%以下、Cuは0.005%以上1.5%以下、Sbは0.005%以上0.5%以下、Snは0.005%以上0.5%以下、Crは0.005%以上0.1%以下、Pは0.005%以上0.5%以下、Moは0.005%以上0.5%以下、Tiは0.0005%以上0.1%以下、Nbは0.0005%以上0.1%以下、Vは0.0005%以上0.1%以下、Bは0.0002%以上0.0025%以下、Biは0.005%以上0.1%以下、Teは0.0005%以上0.01%以下、Taは0.0005%以上0.01%以下の範囲でそれぞれ含有させることができる。
[スラブ加熱]
上記の成分組成を有する鋼スラブを加熱する。スラブ加熱温度は1300℃以下とする。1300℃超で加熱する場合、通常のガス加熱ではなく、誘導加熱等の特別な加熱炉を使用する必要があるため、コスト、生産性および歩留まり等の観点から不利となる。スラブ加熱温度は、低すぎると溶質元素の均質化が不十分となるため、好ましくは1200℃以上である。
スラブ加熱後、熱間圧延を行う。熱間圧延は、例えば、圧下率は95%以上とし、熱間圧延後の板厚は、1.5~3.5mmとする。圧延終了温度は800℃以上が望ましい。熱間圧延後の巻取り温度は、500~700℃程度が望ましい。
熱間圧延後、熱延板焼鈍することで熱延板組織の改善を行う。この時の熱延板焼鈍は、均熱温度:800℃以上1200℃以下、均熱時間:2s以上300s以下の条件で行うことが好ましい。
上記の熱延板焼鈍後に、鋼板を、中間焼鈍を挟む2回以上の冷間圧延によって最終板厚まで圧延する。この場合、中間焼鈍は、熱延板焼鈍と同じ思想で、均熱温度:800℃以上1200℃以下、均熱時間:2s以上300s以下とすることが好ましい。
上記の冷間圧延後、好ましくは均熱温度:700℃以上1000℃以下で一次再結晶焼鈍を施す。また、この一次再結晶焼鈍は、例えば湿水素雰囲気中で行えば、鋼板の脱炭も兼ねさせることができる。ここで、一次再結晶焼鈍における均熱温度が700℃未満では、未再結晶部が残存し、所望の組織を得ることができないおそれがある。一方、均熱温度が1000℃超では、ゴス方位粒の二次再結晶が起こってしまう可能性がある。従って、一次再結晶焼鈍における均熱温度は700℃以上1000℃以下とすることが好ましい。また、一次再結晶焼鈍に際しては、500~700℃の温度域の平均昇温速度を50℃/s以上とすることが好ましい。
上記一次再結晶焼鈍後の鋼板に、必要に応じて焼鈍分離剤を塗布する。ここで、鉄損を重視してフォルステライト被膜を形成させる場合には、MgOを主体とする焼鈍分離剤を適用することで、その後、純化焼鈍を兼ねて二次再結晶焼鈍を施すことにより二次再結晶組織を発達させると共にフォルステライト被膜を形成することができる。打ち抜き加工性を重視してフォルステライト被膜を必要としない場合には、焼鈍分離剤を適用しないか、適用する場合でもフォルステライト被膜を形成するMgOは使用せずに、シリカやアルミナ等を用いる。これらの焼鈍分離剤を塗布する際は、水分を持ち込まない静電塗布等を行うことが有効である。耐熱無機材料シート(シリカ、アルミナ、マイカ)を用いてもよい。
その後、二次再結晶焼鈍を行う。二次再結晶焼鈍は、例えば、800℃以上の温度で20時間以上保持することが好ましい。なお、二次再結晶焼鈍の焼鈍条件は、特に制限はなく、従来公知の焼鈍条件で行うことができる。なお、この時の焼鈍雰囲気を水素雰囲気とすると、純化焼鈍も兼ねることができる。
例えば、絶縁被膜塗布工程で塗布される被膜は、ガラス質を主体とするものであり、珪リン酸塩などをコータにより塗布することが一般的である。
また、平坦化焼鈍工程では、前工程で焼鈍分離剤を塗布した場合には、水洗やブラッシング、酸洗を行い、付着した焼鈍分離剤を除去する。その後、平坦化焼鈍を行い形状を矯正することが鉄損低減のために有効である。平坦化焼鈍の均熱温度は、700~900℃程度が形状矯正の観点から好適である。
その他の製造条件は、方向性電磁鋼板の一般的な製造方法に従えばよい。
表2に示す種々の成分組成からなる220mm厚の鋼スラブを、1240℃に加熱したのち、2.4mm厚まで熱間圧延した。熱間圧延における最終仕上げパスにおける摩擦係数および熱延コイルの先端および尾端から採取した熱延鋼板における板厚1/4層の領域の再結晶粒の面積率を測定した結果を、表2に併記する。
かくして得られた製品の磁気特性について調べた結果を、表2に併記する。
Claims (7)
- 質量%で、
C:0.002%以上0.080%以下、
Si:2.00%以上8.00%以下、
Mn:0.02%以上0.50%以下、
酸可溶性Al:0.003%以上0.010%未満並びに
Sおよび/またはSeを合計で0.001%以上0.010%以下
を含有し、Nを0.006%未満に抑制し、残部はFeおよび不可避的不純物の成分組成を有し、
最表層および最裏層から板厚の1/4深さまでの領域の再結晶率が90%以下である方向性電磁鋼板用熱延鋼板。 - 前記成分組成は、さらに、
質量%で、
Ni:0.005%以上1.5%以下、
Cu:0.005%以上1.5%以下、
Sb:0.005%以上0.5%以下、
Sn:0.005%以上0.5%以下、
Cr:0.005%以上0.1%以下、
P:0.005%以上0.5%以下、
Mo:0.005%以上0.5%以下、
Ti:0.0005%以上0.1%以下、
Nb:0.0005%以上0.1%以下、
V:0.0005%以上0.1%以下、
B:0.0002%以上0.0025%以下、
Bi:0.005%以上0.1%以下、
Te:0.0005%以上0.01%以下および
Ta:0.0005%以上0.01%以下
のうちから選ばれる1種または2種以上を含有する、請求項1に記載の方向性電磁鋼板用熱延鋼板。 - 質量%で、
C:0.002%以上0.080%以下、
Si:2.00%以上8.00%以下、
Mn:0.02%以上0.50%以下、
酸可溶性Al:0.003%以上0.010%未満並びに
Sおよび/またはSeを合計で0.001%以上0.010%以下
を含有し、Nを0.006%未満に抑制し、残部はFeおよび不可避的不純物の成分組成を有し、
最表層および最裏層から板厚の1/4深さまでの領域の平均再結晶粒径が板厚中心から最表層および最裏層方向に1/4板厚未満の領域の平均再結晶粒径の3倍以下である方向性電磁鋼板用熱延板焼鈍板。 - 前記成分組成は、さらに、
質量%で、
Ni:0.005%以上1.5%以下、
Cu:0.005%以上1.5%以下、
Sb:0.005%以上0.5%以下、
Sn:0.005%以上0.5%以下、
Cr:0.005%以上0.1%以下、
P:0.005%以上0.5%以下、
Mo:0.005%以上0.5%以下、
Ti:0.0005%以上0.1%以下、
Nb:0.0005%以上0.1%以下、
V:0.0005%以上0.1%以下、
B:0.0002%以上0.0025%以下、
Bi:0.005%以上0.1%以下、
Te:0.0005%以上0.01%以下および
Ta:0.0005%以上0.01%以下
のうちから選ばれる1種または2種以上を含有する、請求項3に記載の方向性電磁鋼板用熱延板焼鈍板。 - 質量%で、
C:0.002%以上0.080%以下、
Si:2.0%以上8.0%以下、
Mn:0.02%以上0.50%以下、
酸可溶性Al:0.003%以上0.010%未満並びに
Sおよび/またはSeを合計で0.001%以上0.010%以下
を含有し、Nを0.006%未満に抑制し、残部はFeおよび不可避的不純物である成分組成を有する鋼スラブを1300℃以下で加熱し、
該鋼スラブに熱間圧延を施す熱延鋼板の製造方法であって、
前記熱間圧延の最終仕上げパスにおける摩擦係数を0.35以下とする方向性電磁鋼板用熱延鋼板の製造方法。 - 前記成分組成は、さらに、
質量%で、
Ni:0.005%以上1.5%以下、
Cu:0.005%以上1.5%以下、
Sb:0.005%以上0.5%以下、
Sn:0.005%以上0.5%以下、
Cr:0.005%以上0.1%以下、
P:0.005%以上0.5%以下、
Mo:0.005%以上0.5%以下、
Ti:0.0005%以上0.1%以下、
Nb:0.0005%以上0.1%以下、
V:0.0005%以上0.1%以下、
B:0.0002%以上0.0025%以下、
Bi:0.005%以上0.1%以下、
Te:0.0005%以上0.01%以下および
Ta:0.0005%以上0.01%以下
のうちから選ばれる1種または2種以上を含有する、請求項5に記載の方向性電磁鋼板用熱延鋼板の製造方法。 - 請求項5または6に記載の方向性電磁鋼板用熱延鋼板の製造方法により製造した熱延鋼板に熱延板焼鈍を施し、1回または中間焼鈍を挟む2回以上の冷間圧延を施して最終板厚を有する冷延鋼板とし、
該冷延鋼板に一次再結晶焼鈍を施し、
該一次再結晶焼鈍後の前記冷延鋼板の表面に焼鈍分離剤を塗布してから二次再結晶焼鈍を施す方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法。
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