WO2018006745A1 - 一种基于石墨烯材料涂层的空气过滤装置及*** - Google Patents

一种基于石墨烯材料涂层的空气过滤装置及*** Download PDF

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WO2018006745A1
WO2018006745A1 PCT/CN2017/090724 CN2017090724W WO2018006745A1 WO 2018006745 A1 WO2018006745 A1 WO 2018006745A1 CN 2017090724 W CN2017090724 W CN 2017090724W WO 2018006745 A1 WO2018006745 A1 WO 2018006745A1
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graphene
filter
layer
polypropylene
filter cloth
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PCT/CN2017/090724
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French (fr)
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张麟德
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张麟德
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D39/08—Filter cloth, i.e. woven, knitted or interlaced material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D39/14—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
    • B01D53/04—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents

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  • the utility model relates to the technical field of air filtration, in particular to an air filtering device and system based on a coating of graphene materials.
  • Air pollutants can often be divided into two categories: aerosol atmospheric pollutants and gaseous atmospheric pollutants.
  • the chemical composition of aerosol air pollutants often includes various salts (cations: ammonium, potassium, sodium, magnesium, calcium, etc.; anions: sulfate, nitrate, chloride, organic acid, etc.), metal Particles, dust, inorganic carbon particles (such as black carbon, high molecular carbon particles, etc.), various organic substances (VOCs droplets, PAHs, pollen, polymer particles, etc.), sulfuric acid vapor, etc.; VOCs such as nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, carbon monoxide, lower alkanes, hydrogen halides, hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, organic amines, and the like are included.
  • the air filter device widely used in the market has a general effect. The main reason is that the air filter device cannot achieve complete dead adsorption of pollutants, and often causes secondary pollution and loses its effectiveness.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to propose an air filtering device and system based on a graphene material coating.
  • the technical means provided by the present invention is to provide an air filtering device, comprising a support layer and an outer cladding layer, and further comprising a filter layer disposed inside the outer cladding layer; the outer surface of the filter layer is provided with graphene The material coating, the filter layer, the graphene material coating and the support layer are all disposed inside the outer cladding.
  • the support layer comprises at least two layers disposed on opposite sides of the filter layer in the thickness direction.
  • the graphene material coating has a thickness of 3-200 um.
  • the graphene material coating is composed of graphene and/or functionalized graphene; the graphene comprises one or more of a single layer, a plurality of layers, and an oligo graphene; the functionalized graphene Including aminated graphene, carboxylated graphene, cyano graphene, nitro graphene, borate-based graphene, phosphate-based graphene, Hydroxylated graphene, fluorenated graphene, methylated graphene, allylated graphene, trifluoromethylated graphene, dodecylated graphene, octadecylated graphene, graphene oxide One or more of fluorinated graphene, graphene bromide, graphene chloride and graphene iodide.
  • the support layer is made of a polypropylene needle punched/spunlace nonwoven fabric, a polypropylene staple fiber filter cloth, a polypropylene long fiber filter cloth, a polyphthalate type needle punched/spunlace nonwoven fabric, and a polyester fiber.
  • the outer layer is made of pure cotton gauze, pure cotton crepe cloth, pure cotton long fiber filter cloth, pure cotton staple fiber filter cloth, polypropylene long fiber filter cloth, polypropylene staple fiber filter cloth, polypropylene frame and polyethylene frame. One or several.
  • the present invention also provides an air filtering system provided with any of the above air filtering devices.
  • the utility model provides an air filtering device based on a graphene material coating, which comprises a filter layer with a coating of a graphene material on an outer surface, a support layer and an outer cladding layer. On the one hand, it enhances the filtration of pollutants in the atmosphere, on the other hand, it effectively avoids secondary pollution. Specifically:
  • Graphene material is a two-dimensional material with large specific surface area and good affinity for free radicals. Therefore, it has good adsorption and can effectively adsorb gas pollutants in atmospheric pollutants.
  • the graphene material provides a Pz orbital for each carbon and the electrons participate in the formation of a large ⁇ bond on the surface of the graphene
  • the surface of the entire graphene can be considered to be covered by a large ⁇ bond
  • the surface of the PAHs is also With a large ⁇ bond system, when the PAHs are in contact with the graphene, the ⁇ bonds of the two systems overlap, thereby forming a strong ⁇ - ⁇ interaction force between the graphene and the PAHs, and thus the graphene material for the PAHs
  • the adsorption is firm and it is not easy to break off.
  • the support layer and the outer cladding in the air filtering device based on the graphene material coating are all ventilating structural layers with certain supporting ability, which can ensure the smooth circulation of air and at the same time filter aerosol pollutants for large-sized particles. Intercepting effect; for smaller size particles, the particles enter the structure of the air filter device, and are disturbed by different air flows when flowing therein, and finally lose kinetic energy to stay in the filter layer provided with the graphene material coating; Smaller size particles, which are adsorbed by a coating of graphene material.
  • Functionalized graphene in graphene materials provides stronger adsorption for specific compounds This is because the functional groups on the functionalized graphene are directional and can form chemical bonds (ion bonds, covalent bonds or secondary bonds) with chemical species of specific structures, thereby making the chemical species formation chemistry of such specific structures. Adsorption, compared to traditional physical adsorption, chemical adsorption has higher adsorption strength and is also more targeted.
  • the air filtering device of the present invention can simultaneously adsorb gas-based pollutants and aerosol-like pollutants in atmospheric pollutants, and has a strong adsorption effect and is not easy to fall off.
  • the combination of various graphene materials can be targeted according to the different components of atmospheric pollutants, so that the filtration effect is further enhanced. Therefore, the gas filtering device of the present invention enhances the filtering effect on pollutants in the atmosphere on the one hand, and effectively adsorbs semi-volatile compounds such as PAHs and VOCs on the aerosol-like pollutants on the other hand, and further Avoid secondary pollution.
  • the utility model also provides an air filtering system, which is provided with any of the above air filtering devices. Since the system is provided with the above air filtering device, the production system also has corresponding technical effects.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an air filtering device of the present invention.
  • the utility model discloses an air filtering device and a system based on a graphene material coating, and those skilled in the art can learn from the contents of the paper and appropriately improve the process parameters. It is to be understood that all such alternatives and modifications are obvious to those skilled in the art and are considered to be included in the present invention.
  • the structure and application of the present invention have been described in the preferred embodiments, and it is obvious that the methods and applications described herein may be modified or appropriately modified and combined without departing from the spirit, scope and scope of the present invention. The invention is implemented and applied.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a specific embodiment of an air filtering device according to the present invention.
  • an air filtering device comprising a support layer 3 and an outer cladding 4, further comprising a filter layer 1 disposed inside the outer cladding layer, the outer surface of the filter layer being provided with graphene a material coating 2, the filter layer 1, the graphene material coating 2 and the support layer 3 are both disposed in the outsourcing Inside the layer 4, the support layer includes at least two, and is disposed on both sides of the filter layer in the thickness direction.
  • Graphene material is a two-dimensional material with large specific surface area and good affinity for free radicals. Therefore, it has good adsorption property and can effectively adsorb gas pollutants in atmospheric pollutants, especially PAHs. Semi-volatile compounds and VOCs, etc., to avoid secondary pollution.
  • the support layer 3 and the outer cladding 4 in the air filtering device based on the graphene material coating 2 are both ventilating structural layers having a certain supporting ability, which can ensure the smooth circulation of air and at the same time filter aerosol-like pollutants, for large
  • the size of the particles produces an intercepting effect, which functions as a filter aid layer and enhances the filtering effect on pollutants in the atmosphere. For smaller size particles, the particles enter the structure of the air filter device and are subjected to different air flows when flowing therein. The interference eventually loses kinetic energy in the filter layer 1; for smaller sized particles, the graphene material coating 2 adsorbs it.
  • the graphene material coating may be located on one side of the filter layer or on both sides.
  • Functionalized graphene in graphene materials can have a stronger adsorption effect on specific compounds because functional groups on functionalized graphene have directivity and can form chemical bonds with chemical species of specific structures (ion bonds, The covalent bond or the secondary bond), so that the chemical species of the specific structure form chemisorption, and the chemical adsorption has higher adsorption intensity and is more targeted than the conventional physical adsorption.
  • the air filtration effect is best when the thickness of the graphene material coating is 3-200 um.
  • the thick coating of the graphene material will cause the graphene material to fall off during use of the air filter device, which is too thin to achieve the best effect of filtering the pollutants in the air.
  • the support layer is preferably composed of a material having good gas permeability, filterability, and supportability, such as a polypropylene needle punch/spunlace nonwoven fabric, a polypropylene staple fiber filter cloth, and the like.
  • the outer cladding layer serves as the outermost layer covering structure, and has the effect of stably forming the filter layer and the support layer.
  • the material is mainly made of a gas permeable and structurally strong material, which can stabilize the filter layer and the support layer and maintain the filtering effect. Therefore, the outer layer is composed of a kind of pure cotton gauze, pure cotton crepe cloth, pure cotton long fiber filter cloth and the like with good gas permeability and structural strength.
  • an air filtration system comprising the air filtration device described above.
  • the air filtering device described above has the aforementioned advantageous effects, so that the air filtering system including the above air filtering device also has corresponding advantageous effects.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Filtering Materials (AREA)

Abstract

提供一种具空气过滤功能的载石墨烯材料吸收体及空气过滤装置。该空气过滤装置，包括支撑层（3）和外包层（4），还包括设置于所述外包层内部的过滤层（1），该过滤层的外表面设有石墨烯材料涂层（2），所述过滤层（1）、石墨烯材料涂层（2）和所述支撑层（3）均设于所述外包层（4）内部。该空气过滤装置能够有效吸附大气污染物中的气体类污染物，特别是对PAHs等半挥发性化合物以及VOCs等污染物的彻底死吸附，避免二次污染。

Description

一种基于石墨烯材料涂层的空气过滤装置及***
本申请要求于2016年07月08日提交中国专利局，申请号为201620715763.9、发明名称为“一种基于石墨烯材料涂层的空气过滤装置及***”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本实用新型涉及空气过滤技术领域，特别涉及基于石墨烯材料涂层的空气过滤装置及***。
背景技术
伴随着人类工业技术的发展，人类对自然的影响日益显著，大气污染物也逐渐增多。大气污染物往往可以分为两类：气溶胶类大气污染物与气体大气污染物。其中，气溶胶类大气污染物的化学组成，往往包括各种盐类(阳离子：铵根、钾、钠、镁、钙等；阴离子：硫酸根、硝酸根、氯离子、有机酸根等)，金属颗粒，沙尘，无机碳颗粒(如黑碳，高分子碳颗粒等)，各类有机物(VOCs小液滴，PAHs，花粉，高分子颗粒等)，硫酸蒸汽等等；而气体大气污染物则包括了氮氧化物、硫氧化物、一氧化碳、低级烷烃等VOCs、卤化氢、硫化氢、氨、有机胺等。
人们意识到大气污染的危害，越来越多的人希望选择具空气过滤功能的装置来净化空气。市面上广泛应用的空气过滤装置效果一般，主要原因在于空气过滤装置不能实现对污染物的彻底死吸附，往往会带来二次污染，失去效用。
实用新型内容
有鉴于上述缺失，本实用新型所欲解决的技术问题在于提出基于石墨烯材料涂层的空气过滤装置及***。
为解决上述问题，本实用新型所提供的技术手段为，提供一种空气过滤装置，包括支撑层和外包层，还包括设置于外包层内部的过滤层；该过滤层的外表面设有石墨烯材料涂层，过滤层、石墨烯材料涂层和支撑层均设于外包层内部。
可选的，支撑层至少包括两个，沿厚度方向分别设置于过滤层的两侧。
可选的，石墨烯材料涂层的厚度为3-200um。
可选的，石墨烯材料涂层由石墨烯和/或官能化石墨烯构成；所述石墨烯包括单层、多层和寡层石墨烯中的一种或几种；所述官能化石墨烯包括氨基化石墨烯、羧基化石墨烯、氰基石墨烯、硝基石墨烯、硼酸基石墨烯、磷酸基石墨烯、 羟基化石墨烯、巯基化石墨烯、甲基化石墨烯、烯丙基化石墨烯、三氟甲基化石墨烯、十二烷基化石墨烯、十八烷基化石墨烯、氧化石墨烯、氟化石墨烯、溴化石墨烯、氯化石墨烯和碘化石墨烯中的一种或几种。
可选的，支撑层的材质为聚丙烯类针刺/水刺无纺布、丙纶短纤滤布、丙纶长纤滤布、聚对苯二甲酸酯类针刺/水刺无纺布、涤纶长纤滤布、涤纶短纤滤布、纯棉针刺/水刺无纺布、纯棉长纤滤布、纯棉短纤滤布、聚丙烯滤纸、玻璃纤维、纤维素滤纸、复合聚丙烯-聚对苯二甲酸酯滤纸、熔喷涤纶无纺布、熔喷玻璃纤维、微孔陶瓷滤板、微孔聚丙烯滤板、醋酸纤维素丝束滤芯、聚丙烯丝束滤芯和棉花滤芯中的一种或几种。
可选的，外包层材质为纯棉纱布、纯棉绉布、纯棉长纤滤布、纯棉短纤滤布、丙纶长纤滤布、丙纶短纤滤布、聚丙烯框架和聚乙烯框架中的一种或几种。
为实现上述目的，本实用新型还提供了一种空气过滤***，设置有上述任一种空气过滤装置。
本实用新型提供了一种基于石墨烯材料涂层的空气过滤装置，包括外表面设有石墨烯材料涂层的过滤层，支撑层和外包层。一方面，增强了对大气中污染物的过滤作用，另一方面，有效避免了二次污染。具体来说：
石墨烯材料是一种二维材料，比表面积大，对自由基具有良好的亲和性，因此本身具有较好的吸附性，能够有效吸附大气污染物中的气体类污染物。例如对于PAHs，由于石墨烯材料每个碳都提供一个Pz轨道，和电子参与形成石墨烯表面的大π键，整个石墨烯的表面可以被认为是由大π键所覆盖着的，PAHs表面也具有大π键体系，这使PAHs与石墨烯相接触时，两个体系的π键会有所重叠，从而使石墨烯与PAHs间形成强π-π相互作用力，进而石墨烯材料对于PAHs的吸附牢固，不易发生脱离。
基于石墨烯材料涂层的空气过滤装置中的支撑层和外包层都是具有一定的支撑能力的透气结构层，可以确保空气顺利流通，同时还能过滤气溶胶类污染物，对于大尺寸的颗粒物产生拦截作用；对于较小尺寸的颗粒物，颗粒物进入空气过滤装置的结构内部，并在其中流动时受到不同的气流的干扰，最终失去动能停留在设有石墨烯材料涂层的过滤层中；对于更小尺寸的颗粒物，石墨烯材料涂层将其吸附。
石墨烯材料中的官能化石墨烯可以对特定的化合物具有更为牢固的吸附效 果，这是因为官能化石墨烯上的官能团具有指向性，能够与一些特定结构的化学物种形成化学键(离子键、共价键或次级键)，从而使该类特定结构的化学物种形成化学吸附，相对于传统的物理吸附，化学吸附的吸附强度更高，也亦具有更强的针对性。
因此，本实用新型的空气过滤装置能够同时吸附大气污染物中的气体类污染物和气溶胶类污染物，并且吸附作用牢固，不易脱落。多种石墨烯材料的组合可以根据大气污染物成分的不同进行针对性搭配，使得过滤效果进一步增强。所以说，本实用新型的气体过滤装置一方面较好的增强了对大气中污染物的过滤效果，另一方面也有效吸附气溶胶类污染物上的PAHs等半挥发性化合物以及VOCs等，进而避免二次污染。
本实用新型还提供了一种空气过滤***，该***设置有上述任一种空气过滤装置。由于该***设置有上述空气过滤装置，该生产***也具有相应的技术效果。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本实用新型实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍。
图1是本实用新型空气过滤装置剖面结构简图。
附图标记说明：
1、过滤层；2、石墨烯材料涂层；3、支撑层；4、外包层
具体实施方式
本实用新型公开了一种基于石墨烯材料涂层的空气过滤装置及***，本领域技术人员可以借鉴本文内容，适当改进工艺参数实现。特别需要指出的是，所有类似的替换和改动对本领域技术人员来说是显而易见的，它们都被视为包括在本实用新型。本实用新型的结构及应用已经通过较佳实施例进行了描述，相关人员明显能在不脱离本实用新型内容、精神和范围内对本文所述的方法和应用进行改动或适当变更与组合，来实现和应用本实用新型技术。
请参考图1，图1为本实用新型所提供空气过滤装置的一个具体实施方式的剖面结构简图。
在一种具体的实施方式中，提供了一种空气过滤装置，包括支撑层3和外包层4，还包括设置于所述外包层内部的过滤层1，该过滤层的外表面设有石墨烯材料涂层2，所述过滤层1、石墨烯材料涂层2和所述支撑层3均设于所述外包 层4内部，支撑层至少包括两个，沿厚度方向分别设置于所述过滤层的两侧。
石墨烯材料是一种二维材料，比表面积大，对自由基具有良好的亲和性，因此本身具有较好的吸附性，能够有效吸附大气污染物中的气体类污染物，特别是PAHs等半挥发性化合物以及VOCs等，进而避免二次污染。基于石墨烯材料涂层2的空气过滤装置中的支撑层3和外包层4都是具有一定的支撑能力的透气结构层，可以确保空气顺利流通，同时还能过滤气溶胶类污染物，对于大尺寸的颗粒物产生拦截作用，发挥助滤层的功能，增强了对大气中污染物的过滤效果；对于较小尺寸的颗粒物，颗粒物进入空气过滤装置的结构内部，并在其中流动时受到不同的气流的干扰，最终失去动能停留在过滤层1中；对于更小尺寸的颗粒物，石墨烯材料涂层2将其吸附。
进一步的，在本实用新型的另一个实施例中，石墨烯材料涂层可以位于过滤层单侧表面，也可以是双侧表面。石墨烯材料中的官能化石墨烯可以对特定的化合物具有更为牢固的吸附效果，这是因为官能化石墨烯上的官能团具有指向性，能够与一些特定结构的化学物种形成化学键(离子键、共价键或次级键)，从而使该类特定结构的化学物种形成化学吸附，相对于传统的物理吸附，化学吸附的吸附强度更高，也亦具有更强的针对性。
进一步的，在本实用新型的优选实施例中，石墨烯材料涂层的厚度为3-200um时空气过滤效果最佳。石墨烯材料涂层厚将导致空气过滤装置在使用过程中石墨烯材料的脱落，太薄又无法达到过滤空气中污染物的最佳效果。
在本实用新型的实施例中，支撑层优选具有良好透气性、过滤性与支撑性的材料所组成，例如聚丙烯类针刺/水刺无纺布、丙纶短纤滤布等。外包层作为最外层包覆的结构，起到使过滤层与支撑层稳定成型的效果。主要是以透气性强且有结构强度的材料作为外包层，能够使过滤层与支撑层稳定并保持过滤作用。因此，外包层是一类具有良好透气性与结构强度的纯棉纱布、纯棉绉布、纯棉长纤滤布等材质所组成。
在另一个具体实施方式中，提供了一种空气过滤***，包含上述的空气过滤装置。
上述空气过滤装置具有前述的有益效果，故包含上述空气过滤装置的空气过滤***也具有相应的有益效果。
以上所述仅是本实用新型的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普 通技术人员来说，在不脱离本实用新型原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本实用新型的保护范围。

Claims (7)

  1. 一种空气过滤装置，包括支撑层和外包层，其特征在于，还包括设置于所述外包层内部的过滤层，该过滤层的外表面设有石墨烯材料涂层，所述过滤层、石墨烯材料涂层和所述支撑层均设于所述外包层内部。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的空气过滤装置，其特征在于，所述支撑层至少包括两个，沿厚度方向分别设置于所述过滤层的两侧。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的空气过滤装置，其特征在于，所述石墨烯材料涂层的厚度为3-200um。
  4. 根据权利要求1至3任一项所述的空气过滤装置，其特征在于，所述石墨烯材料涂层由石墨烯和/或官能化石墨烯构成；所述石墨烯包括单层、多层和寡层石墨烯中的一种或几种；所述官能化石墨烯包括氨基化石墨烯、羧基化石墨烯、氰基石墨烯、硝基石墨烯、硼酸基石墨烯、磷酸基石墨烯、羟基化石墨烯、巯基化石墨烯、甲基化石墨烯、烯丙基化石墨烯、三氟甲基化石墨烯、十二烷基化石墨烯、十八烷基化石墨烯、氧化石墨烯、氟化石墨烯、溴化石墨烯、氯化石墨烯和碘化石墨烯中的一种或几种。
  5. 根据权利要求1至3任一项所述的空气过滤装置，其特征在于，所述支撑层的材质为聚丙烯类针刺/水刺无纺布、丙纶短纤滤布、丙纶长纤滤布、聚对苯二甲酸酯类针刺/水刺无纺布、涤纶长纤滤布、涤纶短纤滤布、纯棉针刺/水刺无纺布、纯棉长纤滤布、纯棉短纤滤布、聚丙烯滤纸、玻璃纤维、纤维素滤纸、复合聚丙烯-聚对苯二甲酸酯滤纸、熔喷涤纶无纺布、熔喷玻璃纤维、微孔陶瓷滤板、微孔聚丙烯滤板、醋酸纤维素丝束滤芯、聚丙烯丝束滤芯和棉花滤芯中的一种或几种。
  6. 根据权利要求1至3任一项所述的空气过滤装置，其特征在于，所述外包层材质为纯棉纱布、纯棉绉布、纯棉长纤滤布、纯棉短纤滤布、丙纶长纤滤布、丙纶短纤滤布、聚丙烯框架和聚乙烯框架中的一种或几种。
  7. 一种空气过滤***，其特征在于，设置有权利要求1至6任意一项所述的空气过滤装置。
PCT/CN2017/090724 2016-07-08 2017-06-29 一种基于石墨烯材料涂层的空气过滤装置及*** WO2018006745A1 (zh)

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