WO2017125056A1 - Zero-crossing detection apparatus and synchronous switch - Google Patents

Zero-crossing detection apparatus and synchronous switch Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017125056A1
WO2017125056A1 PCT/CN2017/071793 CN2017071793W WO2017125056A1 WO 2017125056 A1 WO2017125056 A1 WO 2017125056A1 CN 2017071793 W CN2017071793 W CN 2017071793W WO 2017125056 A1 WO2017125056 A1 WO 2017125056A1
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Prior art keywords
transistor
zero
switch
photocoupler
control unit
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PCT/CN2017/071793
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
郭桥石
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广州市金矢电子有限公司
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Priority claimed from CN201610116841.8A external-priority patent/CN105610301A/en
Priority claimed from CN201710028718.5A external-priority patent/CN106980039A/en
Application filed by 广州市金矢电子有限公司 filed Critical 广州市金矢电子有限公司
Publication of WO2017125056A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017125056A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere

Definitions

  • the zero-crossing detecting device and the synchronous switch of the invention belong to the field of electricity, in particular to a zero-crossing detecting device suitable for use as a zero-crossing detection in contactors, relays, and other mechanical switches, and a synchronous switch that does not require a current sensor.
  • a photocoupler is widely used in series with a current limiting resistor to form a zero-crossing detecting device. Since the optocoupler has a large driving current and a large dispersion of the driving current, the current limiting resistor has a large energy consumption and the detecting zero-crossing blind zone is large.
  • the disadvantage in the 220V AC system, generally more than ten volts is not suitable for the detection of the disconnection of the mechanical switch in the synchronous switch.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a zero-crossing detecting device with low energy consumption, low cost, high detection precision, and can be used in a synchronous switch, and a current-free operation, in view of the deficiencies of the conventional zero-crossing detecting device. Synchronous switch with low cost and high precision.
  • a zero-crossing detecting device comprises a semiconductor switch, a first current limiting component, a first photocoupler, a rectifying device and a capacitor, wherein the control end of the semiconductor switch is connected to the signal source to be detected through the first current limiting component
  • the working power source charges the capacitor through the rectifying device, and the capacitor forms a discharge loop through the control end of the first photocoupler and the semiconductor switch, and the first photocoupler outputs a detection signal.
  • a zero-crossing detecting device the semiconductor switch is turned on when detecting that the signal source voltage is greater than zero.
  • a zero-crossing detecting device comprising a transistor, or a Darlington tube, or a Darlington circuit, or a transistor driving transistor circuit.
  • a zero-crossing detection device the working power supply is provided by a transformer output winding.
  • a zero-crossing detecting device is a half-wave detecting circuit.
  • a zero-crossing detecting device comprises a second current limiting component and a voltage stabilizing device.
  • the second current limiting component is connected in series with the rectifying device, the voltage stabilizing device is connected in parallel with the capacitor, or the voltage stabilizing device is connected in parallel with the capacitor through the rectifying device.
  • a zero-crossing detection device in which the operating power is supplied by a neutral line or with another phase line relative to the signal source.
  • a synchronous switch comprising the zero-crossing detecting device, further comprising a control unit and a mechanical switch, wherein the control unit is connected to the mechanical switch, and the control end of the semiconductor switch is connected to the mechanical switch through the first current limiting component Then, the first photocoupler output signal is transmitted to the control unit.
  • control unit adjusts a time parameter for controlling the closing or breaking of the mechanical switch according to the signal output by the first photocoupler.
  • a synchronous switch is connected to a second photocoupler for controlling a discharge loop, and a control end of the second photocoupler is connected to the control unit.
  • a synchronous switch in the closed working process, the control unit provides a second optocoupler control signal, and the control mechanical switch is closed after the discharge circuit is turned on.
  • a synchronous switch further includes a unidirectional thyristor, the unidirectional thyristor is connected in parallel with the mechanical switch, and the control end of the semiconductor switch is connected to the anode of the unidirectional thyristor through the first current limiting element, and the capacitor passes through the trigger pole of the semiconductor switch and the unidirectional thyristor
  • the cathode of the unidirectional thyristor forms a driving circuit
  • the semiconductor switch is used for detecting the conduction time of the unidirectional thyristor
  • the control unit adjusts the time parameter of the mechanical switch according to the conduction time of the unidirectional thyristor.
  • a synchronous switch is connected to a second photocoupler for controlling a discharge loop, and a control end of the second photocoupler is connected to the control unit.
  • a synchronous switch in the closed working process, the control unit first provides a second optocoupler control signal, and the control mechanical switch is closed within a quarter of a cycle after the zero-way conduction of the unidirectional thyristor.
  • a synchronous switch in the working process of the breaking, the control unit controls the mechanical switch to be disconnected, and the one-way thyristor conduction time is less than half a cycle.
  • a synchronous switch the semiconductor switch comprises a first transistor, a second transistor, a diode, the first transistor is a PNP transistor, the second transistor is an NPN transistor, and the base of the second transistor passes through the first current limiting component and the unidirectional thyristor
  • the anode is connected, the emitter of the second transistor is connected to the cathode of the unidirectional thyristor, the collector of the second transistor is connected to the base of the first transistor, and the emitter of the first transistor and the collector of the first transistor are connected in series in the discharge loop
  • the diode is in anti-parallel with the emitter of the second transistor and the base of the second transistor.
  • the zero-crossing detecting device of the invention has the advantages of simple circuit, high detection precision and low cost.
  • the synchronous switch of the present invention using the zero-crossing detecting device of the present invention has the advantages of no current sensor, accurate switching, and high cost performance.
  • FIG. 1 is a circuit schematic diagram of an embodiment of a zero-crossing detecting device and a synchronous switch of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a Darlington circuit of the first embodiment of the zero-crossing detecting device and the synchronous switch of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic circuit diagram of a second embodiment of the zero-crossing detecting device and the synchronous switch of the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 is a circuit diagram showing the third embodiment of the zero-crossing detecting device and the synchronous switch of the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the semiconductor switching circuit of the third embodiment of the zero-crossing detecting device and the synchronous switch of the present invention.
  • the first embodiment of the zero-crossing detecting device and the synchronous switch of the present invention is as shown in FIG. 1:
  • a zero-crossing detecting device which is a half-wave detecting circuit, comprising a semiconductor switch Q1, a first photocoupler OPT1, a first current limiting element R1 (resistance), a rectifying device D1 (diode), a capacitor C1, and a semiconductor switch Q1 (Transistor) control terminal
  • the first current limiting component R1 is connected with the signal source to be detected (both K1 of the mechanical switch), and the working power supply (the working power supply is provided by the transformer output winding) charges the capacitor C1 through the rectifying device D1.
  • C1 forms a discharge circuit through the control end of the first photocoupler OPT1 and the semiconductor switch Q1.
  • the first photocoupler OPT1 outputs a detection signal, and the third resistor R3 connected in series to the discharge circuit of the capacitor C1 is used for current limiting, and is selected as needed.
  • FIG. 1 is a transistor Q1, and the fourth resistor R4 and the diode Z3 are connected in parallel with the base and emitter of the transistor Q1.
  • the power consumption of the first current limiting component R1 can also be a Darlington tube, or a Darlington circuit, or a transistor driving transistor circuit.
  • the related circuit is shown in FIG. 2, and the semiconductor switch Q1 detects the two ends of the mechanical switch K1. The voltage is greater than zero and is turned on when the semiconductor switch Q1 is driven.
  • a synchronous switch includes the above-mentioned zero-crossing detecting device, further comprising a control unit (A), a mechanical switch K1, a control unit (A) connected to the mechanical switch K1, and a control end of the semiconductor switch Q1 passing through the first current limiting element R1 Connected to the mechanical switch K1, the first photocoupler OPT1 output signal is transmitted to the control unit (A).
  • the control unit (A) controls the voltage across the mechanical switch K1 to meet the driving voltage direction of the driving semiconductor switch Q1, and the conduction time is less than a quarter of the cycle breaking, the control unit (A) According to the signal outputted by the first photocoupler OPT1, the time parameter for controlling the breaking of the mechanical switch K1 can be adjusted; if the zero-crossing is required, the control unit (A) controls the mechanical switch K1 at both ends during the closing operation of the synchronous switch. When the voltage satisfies the direction of driving the semiconductor switch Q1 to turn on the voltage, the control unit (A) can adjust the time parameter for controlling the closing of the mechanical switch K1 according to the signal output by the first photocoupler OPT1.
  • the second embodiment of the zero-crossing detecting device and the synchronous switch of the present invention is as shown in FIG. 3:
  • a zero-crossing detecting device which is a half-wave detecting circuit, comprising a semiconductor switch Q1 and a first current limiting element R1 (resistance), rectifying device D1 (diode), capacitor C1, second current limiting element R2 (resistance), voltage stabilizing device Z1, first photocoupler OPT1, second photocoupler OPT2, semiconductor switch Q1 (transistor The control terminal is connected to the signal source (K1 of the mechanical switch) through the first current limiting component R1, and the working power supply (the working power supply in the figure is provided by the neutral line, or may be made by another relative to the signal source)
  • a phase line provides) a capacitor C1 is charged through the second current limiting element R2 and the rectifying device D1, and the capacitor C1 forms a discharge loop through the control end of the first photocoupler OPT1, the second photocoupler OPT2, and the semiconductor switch Q1.
  • the photocoupler OPT1 outputs a detection signal, and the voltage stabilizing device Z1 is connected in parallel with the capacitor C1 (the voltage stabilizing device Z1 is connected in parallel with the capacitor C1 through the rectifying device D1), and the second photocoupler OPT2 is used to control the discharge circuit, which is not limited to and discharged.
  • the circuit is connected in series, and can also be connected to the control terminal of the semiconductor switch Q1.
  • the second photocoupler OPT2 can be omitted, and the third resistor R3 connected in series to the discharge circuit of the capacitor C1 is used for Stream, selected according to need.
  • FIG. 3 is a transistor Q1, and the fourth resistor R4 and the diode Z3 are connected in parallel with the base and emitter of the transistor Q1.
  • the power consumption of the first current limiting component R1 can also be a Darlington tube, or a Darlington circuit, or a transistor driving transistor circuit.
  • the related circuit is shown in FIG. 2, and the semiconductor switch Q1 detects the voltage across the mechanical switch K1. Turns on when it is greater than zero and meets the driving voltage of the semiconductor switch Q1.
  • a synchronous switch includes the above-mentioned zero-crossing detecting device, further comprising a control unit (A), a mechanical switch K1, a control unit (A) connected to the mechanical switch K1, and a control end of the semiconductor switch Q1 passing through the first current limiting element R1 Connected to the mechanical switch K1, the output signal of the first photocoupler OPT1 is transmitted to the control unit (A), and the control end of the second photocoupler OPT2 is connected to the control unit (A).
  • control unit (A) provides a control signal of the second photocoupler OPT2, and the control mechanical switch K1 is closed after the discharge circuit of the capacitor C1 is turned on, and the control unit ( A) The control mechanical switch K1 is closed when the voltages at both ends satisfy the driving voltage direction of the semiconductor switch Q1, and the control unit (A) adjusts the time parameter for controlling the closing of the mechanical switch K1 according to the signal output by the first photocoupler OPT1.
  • control unit (A) controls the mechanical switch K1 to meet the driving voltage of the semiconductor switch Q1 at the voltage across the two ends, and the driving time is less than a quarter of the cycle breaking, and then the second photocoupler OPT2 is turned off. Turning on the control signal, the control unit (A) adjusts the time parameter for controlling the breaking of the mechanical switch K1 according to the signal output by the first photocoupler OPT1.
  • the working power supply of the zero-crossing detecting device is not required by the transformer, and the AC power grid where the mechanical switch K1 is located is directly isolated from the power supply, and the driving mode of the first photocoupler OPT1 is driven by the capacitive energy storage device, and the second current limiting component R2 is adopted.
  • the current can be set to about 0.1 mA, set to 0.1 mA.
  • the working voltage is 220V
  • the energy consumption is only 0.022W.
  • the mechanical switch K1 is closed, the semiconductor switch Q1 is cut.
  • the capacitor C1 is in a charging state.
  • the synchronous switch zero-crossing control is required, only the second photocoupler OPT2 for controlling the discharge of the capacitor C1 needs to be added.
  • This embodiment has the advantages of simple circuit, low energy consumption, and low cost. Low advantage.
  • the third embodiment of the zero-crossing detecting device and the synchronous switch of the present invention is as shown in FIG. 4:
  • a zero-crossing detecting device which is a half-wave detecting circuit, comprising a semiconductor switch (B), a first current limiting element R1, a rectifying device D1 (diode), a capacitor C1, a second current limiting element R2, and a voltage stabilizing device Z1
  • the first photocoupler OPT1, the second photocoupler OPT2, and the control end of the semiconductor switch (B) (transistor) are connected to the signal source (both ends of K1 of the mechanical switch) of the desired detection through the first current limiting element R1.
  • the working power supply (the working power supply is provided by the neutral line or the other phase line relative to the signal source) is charged by the second current limiting element R2 and the rectifying device D1 for the capacitor C1, and the capacitor C1 passes the first photoelectric coupling.
  • the control terminal of the OPT1, the second photocoupler OPT2, the semiconductor switch (B), the trigger pole of the unidirectional thyristor SCR1, the cathode of the unidirectional thyristor SCR1 form a discharge loop, and the first photocoupler OPT1 outputs a detection signal, and the voltage regulator device Z1 is connected in parallel with the capacitor C1 through the rectifying device D1 (the voltage stabilizing device Z1 can also be directly connected in parallel with the capacitor C1), and the second photocoupler OPT2 is used to control the discharge circuit, which is not limited to being connected in series with the discharge circuit, and can also be combined with the semiconductor switch (B). )Control terminal Then, when used in synchronous switch, and does not require over-zero input, second
  • the semiconductor switch (B) As shown in FIG. 5, the semiconductor switch (B) is turned on when detecting that the voltage across the mechanical switch K1 is greater than zero and satisfies the driving voltage of the semiconductor switch (B); the semiconductor switch (B) includes the first transistor Q1, second transistor Q2, diode D2, fifth resistor R5, sixth resistor R6, seventh resistor R7, first transistor Q1 is a PNP transistor, second transistor Q2 is an NPN transistor, and the base of the second transistor Q2
  • the first current limiting element R1 is connected to the anode of the unidirectional thyristor SCR1
  • the emitter of the second transistor Q2 is connected to the cathode of the unidirectional thyristor SCR1
  • the collector of the second transistor Q2 is connected to the base of the first transistor Q1.
  • the emitter of a transistor Q1 the collector of the first transistor Q1 is connected in series in the discharge loop of the capacitor C1, the diode D2 is in anti-parallel with the emitter of the second transistor Q2, the base of the second transistor Q2, and the fifth resistor R5 is The diode D1 is connected in parallel, and the sixth resistor R6 is respectively connected to the base of the first transistor Q1 and the emitter of the first transistor Q1, and the seventh resistor R7 is connected in series at the base of the first transistor Q1 for current limiting, and the fifth resistor R5, sixth resistor R6 The seventh resistor R7 is selected as needed.
  • a synchronous switch comprising the above-mentioned zero-crossing detecting device, further comprising a control unit (A), a mechanical switch K1, a unidirectional thyristor SCR1 (half-controlled device), a control unit (A) connected to the mechanical switch K1, and a semiconductor
  • the control end of the switch (B) is connected to the mechanical switch K1 through the first current limiting element R1, first
  • the output signal of the optocoupler OPT1 is transmitted to the control unit (A)
  • the control end of the second photocoupler OPT2 is connected to the control unit (A)
  • the unidirectional thyristor SCR1 is connected in parallel with the mechanical switch K1, and the control end of the semiconductor switch (B) is passed.
  • the first current limiting element R1 is connected to the anode of the unidirectional thyristor SCR1, and the capacitor C1 passes through the control end of the first photocoupler OPT1, the second photocoupler OPT2, the semiconductor switch (B), the trigger pole of the unidirectional thyristor SCR1, and the single A driving circuit is formed to the cathode of the thyristor SCR1, the semiconductor switch (B) is for detecting the conduction time of the unidirectional thyristor SCR1, and the control unit (A) adjusts the time parameter of the mechanical switch K1 according to the conduction time of the unidirectional thyristor SCR1.
  • control end of the first photocoupler OPT1 and the second photocoupler OPT2 are not limited to being connected in series with the driving circuit of the unidirectional thyristor SCR1, or may be connected in series in the internal circuit of the semiconductor switch (B), such as with a semiconductor switch (B).
  • the 2-pin and 4-pin loops are connected in series.
  • the control unit (A) provides the second optocoupler OPT2 control signal, and controls the mechanical switch K1 after the zero-way conduction of the unidirectional thyristor SCR1.
  • the cycle is closed, and the control unit (A) adjusts the time parameter for controlling the closing of the mechanical switch according to the signal output by the first photocoupler OPT1.
  • the control unit (A) controls the mechanical switch K1 to satisfy the unidirectional thyristor SCR1.
  • the on-time is less than half a cycle break, and the control unit (A) adjusts the time parameter for controlling the mechanical switch to be broken according to the signal output by the first photocoupler OPT1.
  • the working power supply of the zero-crossing detecting device and the driving energy of the unidirectional thyristor SCR1 are not required by the transformer, and the power is directly supplied by the AC power grid where the mechanical switch K1 is located, and the capacitor is used to drive the first photocoupler OPT1 and the one-way.
  • the current through the second current limiting element R2 can be set to about 0.1 mA, such as 0.1 mA, and when the operating voltage is 220 V, the energy consumption is only 0.022 W, when the mechanical switch K1 is closed.
  • the semiconductor switch Q1 is turned off, and the capacitor C1 is in a charging state.
  • the embodiment has the advantages that the unidirectional thyristor SCR1 has short conduction time, strong overload capability, simple circuit, high cost performance and reliability;
  • the second current limiting element R2 When the unidirectional thyristor SCR1 driving energy and the operating power of the zero-crossing detecting device are provided by a transformer-winding, the second current limiting element R2, the voltage stabilizing device Z1, and the second photocoupler OPT2 of the present embodiment may be omitted.
  • the zero-crossing detecting device of the present invention has the advantages of simple circuit, low power consumption, high detection precision, and low cost.
  • the synchronous switch of the invention adopting the zero-crossing detecting device of the invention has a current-demanding sensor, and does not affect the accuracy due to the magnitude of the load current, and has the advantages of accurate switching and high cost performance.

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Abstract

A zero-crossing detection apparatus and a synchronous switch, belonging to the field of electricity, in particular, a zero-crossing detection apparatus suitable for being used in a contactor, a relay and the other mechanical switches for zero-crossing detection, and a synchronous switch without needing a current sensor. The zero-crossing detection apparatus comprises a semiconductor switch, a first current limiting element, a first photocoupler, a rectification device and a capacitor, wherein a control end of the semiconductor switch is connected to a signal source needing to be detected via the first current limiting element; an operating power supply charges the capacitor through the rectification device; the capacitor forms a discharge circuit through a control end of the photocoupler and the semiconductor switch; and the first photocoupler outputs a detection signal. The present invention has the advantages of a simple circuit, high detection precision and high cost performance.

Description

过零检测装置及同步开关Zero-crossing detection device and synchronous switch 技术领域Technical field
本发明过零检测装置及同步开关属于电学领域,特别是一种适合应用于接触器、继电器、及其它机械开关中作为过零检测的过零检测装置，及一种无需电流传感器的同步开关。The zero-crossing detecting device and the synchronous switch of the invention belong to the field of electricity, in particular to a zero-crossing detecting device suitable for use as a zero-crossing detection in contactors, relays, and other mechanical switches, and a synchronous switch that does not require a current sensor.
背景技术Background technique
目前在电气控制***中,广泛使用光电耦合器串联一限流电阻组成过零检测装置，由于光电耦合器驱动电流大、驱动电流离散性大，存在限流电阻能耗大及检测过零盲区大的缺点(在220V交流***中，一般为十几伏以上)，不适合在同步开关中用于机械开关的断开的检测。At present, in the electrical control system, a photocoupler is widely used in series with a current limiting resistor to form a zero-crossing detecting device. Since the optocoupler has a large driving current and a large dispersion of the driving current, the current limiting resistor has a large energy consumption and the detecting zero-crossing blind zone is large. The disadvantage (in the 220V AC system, generally more than ten volts) is not suitable for the detection of the disconnection of the mechanical switch in the synchronous switch.
发明内容Summary of the invention
本发明的目的在于针对现有过零检测装置的不足之处而提供一种工作能耗低、成本低、检测精度高，且可以在同步开关中使用的过零检测装置，及一种无需电流传感器、成本低、投切精度高的同步开关。The object of the present invention is to provide a zero-crossing detecting device with low energy consumption, low cost, high detection precision, and can be used in a synchronous switch, and a current-free operation, in view of the deficiencies of the conventional zero-crossing detecting device. Synchronous switch with low cost and high precision.
实现本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案来达到的：The object of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
一种过零检测装置，包括一半导体开关、第一限流元件、第一光电耦合器、一整流器件、一电容，半导体开关的控制端通过第一限流元件与所需检测的信号源连接，工作电源通过整流器件为电容充电，电容通过第一光电耦合器的控制端、半导体开关形成放电回路，第一光电耦合器输出检测信号。A zero-crossing detecting device comprises a semiconductor switch, a first current limiting component, a first photocoupler, a rectifying device and a capacitor, wherein the control end of the semiconductor switch is connected to the signal source to be detected through the first current limiting component The working power source charges the capacitor through the rectifying device, and the capacitor forms a discharge loop through the control end of the first photocoupler and the semiconductor switch, and the first photocoupler outputs a detection signal.
一种过零检测装置，半导体开关在检测到信号源电压大于零时导通。A zero-crossing detecting device, the semiconductor switch is turned on when detecting that the signal source voltage is greater than zero.
一种过零检测装置，半导体开关包括一晶体管，或达林顿管，或一达林顿电路，或晶体管驱动晶体管电路。A zero-crossing detecting device, the semiconductor switch comprising a transistor, or a Darlington tube, or a Darlington circuit, or a transistor driving transistor circuit.
一种过零检测装置，工作电源由一变压器输出绕组提供。A zero-crossing detection device, the working power supply is provided by a transformer output winding.
一种过零检测装置，为半波检测电路。A zero-crossing detecting device is a half-wave detecting circuit.
一种过零检测装置，包括第二限流元件、一稳压器件，第二限流元件与整流器件串联，稳压器件与电容并联，或稳压器件通过整流器件与电容并联。A zero-crossing detecting device comprises a second current limiting component and a voltage stabilizing device. The second current limiting component is connected in series with the rectifying device, the voltage stabilizing device is connected in parallel with the capacitor, or the voltage stabilizing device is connected in parallel with the capacitor through the rectifying device.
一种过零检测装置，工作电源由中性线或相对于信号源的另一相线提供。A zero-crossing detection device in which the operating power is supplied by a neutral line or with another phase line relative to the signal source.
一种同步开关，其包括所述的过零检测装置，还包括控制单元、机械开关，控制单元与机械开关连接，半导体开关的控制端通过第一限流元件与机械开关连 接，第一光电耦合器输出信号传递至控制单元。A synchronous switch comprising the zero-crossing detecting device, further comprising a control unit and a mechanical switch, wherein the control unit is connected to the mechanical switch, and the control end of the semiconductor switch is connected to the mechanical switch through the first current limiting component Then, the first photocoupler output signal is transmitted to the control unit.
一种同步开关，控制单元根据第一光电耦合器输出的信号，调整控制机械开关闭合或分断的时间参数。A synchronous switch, the control unit adjusts a time parameter for controlling the closing or breaking of the mechanical switch according to the signal output by the first photocoupler.
一种同步开关，连接一用于控制放电回路的第二光电耦合器，第二光电耦合器的控制端与控制单元连接。A synchronous switch is connected to a second photocoupler for controlling a discharge loop, and a control end of the second photocoupler is connected to the control unit.
一种同步开关，在闭合的工作过程中，控制单元提供第二光电耦合器控制信号，控制机械开关在放电回路导通后闭合。A synchronous switch, in the closed working process, the control unit provides a second optocoupler control signal, and the control mechanical switch is closed after the discharge circuit is turned on.
一种同步开关，还包括一单向晶闸管，单向晶闸管与机械开关并联，半导体开关的控制端通过第一限流元件与单向晶闸管的阳极连接，电容通过半导体开关、单向晶闸管的触发极、单向晶闸管的阴极形成驱动回路，半导体开关用于检测单向晶闸管的导通时间，控制单元根据单向晶闸管的导通时间调整控制机械开关的时间参数。A synchronous switch further includes a unidirectional thyristor, the unidirectional thyristor is connected in parallel with the mechanical switch, and the control end of the semiconductor switch is connected to the anode of the unidirectional thyristor through the first current limiting element, and the capacitor passes through the trigger pole of the semiconductor switch and the unidirectional thyristor The cathode of the unidirectional thyristor forms a driving circuit, the semiconductor switch is used for detecting the conduction time of the unidirectional thyristor, and the control unit adjusts the time parameter of the mechanical switch according to the conduction time of the unidirectional thyristor.
一种同步开关，连接一用于控制放电回路的第二光电耦合器，第二光电耦合器的控制端与控制单元连接。A synchronous switch is connected to a second photocoupler for controlling a discharge loop, and a control end of the second photocoupler is connected to the control unit.
一种同步开关，在闭合的工作过程中，控制单元先提供第二光电耦合器控制信号，控制机械开关在单向晶闸管过零导通后四分之一周波内闭合。A synchronous switch, in the closed working process, the control unit first provides a second optocoupler control signal, and the control mechanical switch is closed within a quarter of a cycle after the zero-way conduction of the unidirectional thyristor.
一种同步开关，在分断的工作过程中，控制单元控制机械开关断开，且满足单向晶闸管导通时间小于半个周波。A synchronous switch, in the working process of the breaking, the control unit controls the mechanical switch to be disconnected, and the one-way thyristor conduction time is less than half a cycle.
一种同步开关，半导体开关包括第一晶体管、第二晶体管、二极管，第一晶体管为PNP型晶体管、第二晶体管为NPN型晶体管，第二晶体管的基极通过第一限流元件与单向晶闸管的阳极连接，第二晶体管的发射极与单向晶闸管的阴极连接，第二晶体管的集电极与第一晶体管的基极连接，第一晶体管的发射极、第一晶体管的集电极串联在放电回路中，二极管与第二晶体管的发射极、第二晶体管的基极反向并联。A synchronous switch, the semiconductor switch comprises a first transistor, a second transistor, a diode, the first transistor is a PNP transistor, the second transistor is an NPN transistor, and the base of the second transistor passes through the first current limiting component and the unidirectional thyristor The anode is connected, the emitter of the second transistor is connected to the cathode of the unidirectional thyristor, the collector of the second transistor is connected to the base of the first transistor, and the emitter of the first transistor and the collector of the first transistor are connected in series in the discharge loop The diode is in anti-parallel with the emitter of the second transistor and the base of the second transistor.
本发明过零检测装置具有电路简单、检测精度高、成本低的优点。The zero-crossing detecting device of the invention has the advantages of simple circuit, high detection precision and low cost.
利用本发明过零检测装置的本发明同步开关具有无需电流传感器、投切准确、性价比高的优点。The synchronous switch of the present invention using the zero-crossing detecting device of the present invention has the advantages of no current sensor, accurate switching, and high cost performance.
附图说明DRAWINGS
图1本发明过零检测装置及同步开关的实施例一电路原理图。1 is a circuit schematic diagram of an embodiment of a zero-crossing detecting device and a synchronous switch of the present invention.
图2本发明过零检测装置及同步开关的实施例一达林顿电路原理图。 2 is a schematic diagram of a Darlington circuit of the first embodiment of the zero-crossing detecting device and the synchronous switch of the present invention.
图3本发明过零检测装置及同步开关的实施例二电路原理图。3 is a schematic circuit diagram of a second embodiment of the zero-crossing detecting device and the synchronous switch of the present invention.
图4本发明过零检测装置及同步开关的实施例三电路原理图。Fig. 4 is a circuit diagram showing the third embodiment of the zero-crossing detecting device and the synchronous switch of the present invention.
图5本发明过零检测装置及同步开关的实施例三半导体开关电路原理图。Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the semiconductor switching circuit of the third embodiment of the zero-crossing detecting device and the synchronous switch of the present invention.
具体实施方式detailed description
本发明过零检测装置及同步开关的实施例一，如图1所示：The first embodiment of the zero-crossing detecting device and the synchronous switch of the present invention is as shown in FIG. 1:
一种过零检测装置，其为半波检测电路，其包括半导体开关Q1、第一光电耦合器OPT1、第一限流元件R1(电阻)、整流器件D1(二极管)、电容C1，半导体开关Q1(晶体管)的控制端第一限流元件R1与所需检测的信号源(机械开关的K1两端)连接，工作电源(工作电源由变压器输出绕组提供)通过整流器件D1为电容C1充电，电容C1通过第一光电耦合器OPT1的控制端、半导体开关Q1形成放电回路，第一光电耦合器OPT1输出检测信号，串联在电容C1放电回路的第三电阻R3用于限流，根据需要选用。A zero-crossing detecting device, which is a half-wave detecting circuit, comprising a semiconductor switch Q1, a first photocoupler OPT1, a first current limiting element R1 (resistance), a rectifying device D1 (diode), a capacitor C1, and a semiconductor switch Q1 (Transistor) control terminal The first current limiting component R1 is connected with the signal source to be detected (both K1 of the mechanical switch), and the working power supply (the working power supply is provided by the transformer output winding) charges the capacitor C1 through the rectifying device D1. C1 forms a discharge circuit through the control end of the first photocoupler OPT1 and the semiconductor switch Q1. The first photocoupler OPT1 outputs a detection signal, and the third resistor R3 connected in series to the discharge circuit of the capacitor C1 is used for current limiting, and is selected as needed.
半导体开关Q1：为方便理解，图1为一晶体管Q1，第四电阻R4、二极管Z3与晶体管Q1的基极、发射极并联，当晶体管Q1内置有相关部件时，可省略，实际应用时为降低第一限流元件R1的功耗，也可以为达林顿管，或一达林顿电路，或晶体管驱动晶体管电路，相关电路如图2所示，半导体开关Q1在检测到机械开关K1两端电压大于零且满足半导体开关Q1驱动电压时导通。Semiconductor switch Q1: For convenience of understanding, FIG. 1 is a transistor Q1, and the fourth resistor R4 and the diode Z3 are connected in parallel with the base and emitter of the transistor Q1. When the transistor Q1 has built-in related components, it can be omitted, and the actual application is reduced. The power consumption of the first current limiting component R1 can also be a Darlington tube, or a Darlington circuit, or a transistor driving transistor circuit. The related circuit is shown in FIG. 2, and the semiconductor switch Q1 detects the two ends of the mechanical switch K1. The voltage is greater than zero and is turned on when the semiconductor switch Q1 is driven.
一种同步开关包括以上所述的过零检测装置，还包括控制单元(A)、机械开关K1，控制单元(A)与机械开关K1连接，半导体开关Q1的控制端通过第一限流元件R1与机械开关K1连接，第一光电耦合器OPT1输出信号传递至控制单元(A)。A synchronous switch includes the above-mentioned zero-crossing detecting device, further comprising a control unit (A), a mechanical switch K1, a control unit (A) connected to the mechanical switch K1, and a control end of the semiconductor switch Q1 passing through the first current limiting element R1 Connected to the mechanical switch K1, the first photocoupler OPT1 output signal is transmitted to the control unit (A).
工作原理：在同步开关分断工作过程中，控制单元(A)控制机械开关K1两端电压在满足驱动半导体开关Q1导通电压方向，且导通时间小于四分之一周波分断，控制单元(A)可以根据第一光电耦合器OPT1输出的信号，调整控制机械开关K1分断的时间参数；如需过零接通，在同步开关闭合工作过程中，控制单元(A)控制机械开关K1在两端电压满足驱动半导体开关Q1导通电压方向时闭合，控制单元(A)可以根据第一光电耦合器OPT1输出的信号，调整控制机械开关K1闭合的时间参数。Working principle: During the synchronous switch breaking operation, the control unit (A) controls the voltage across the mechanical switch K1 to meet the driving voltage direction of the driving semiconductor switch Q1, and the conduction time is less than a quarter of the cycle breaking, the control unit (A) According to the signal outputted by the first photocoupler OPT1, the time parameter for controlling the breaking of the mechanical switch K1 can be adjusted; if the zero-crossing is required, the control unit (A) controls the mechanical switch K1 at both ends during the closing operation of the synchronous switch. When the voltage satisfies the direction of driving the semiconductor switch Q1 to turn on the voltage, the control unit (A) can adjust the time parameter for controlling the closing of the mechanical switch K1 according to the signal output by the first photocoupler OPT1.
本发明过零检测装置及同步开关的实施例二，如图3所示：The second embodiment of the zero-crossing detecting device and the synchronous switch of the present invention is as shown in FIG. 3:
一种过零检测装置，其为半波检测电路，包括半导体开关Q1、第一限流元 件R1(电阻)、整流器件D1(二极管)、电容C1、第二限流元件R2(电阻)、稳压器件Z1、第一光电耦合器OPT1、第二光电耦合器OPT2，半导体开关Q1(晶体管)的控制端通过第一限流元件R1与所需检测的信号源(机械开关的K1两端)连接，工作电源(图中工作电源由中性线提供，也可以由相对于信号源的另一相线提供)通过第二限流元件R2、整流器件D1为电容C1充电，电容C1通过第一光电耦合器OPT1的控制端、第二光电耦合器OPT2、半导体开关Q1形成放电回路，第一光电耦合器OPT1输出检测信号，稳压器件Z1与电容C1并联(也可以稳压器件Z1通过整流器件D1与电容C1并联)，第二光电耦合器OPT2用于控制放电回路，其不限于与放电回路串联，也可以与半导体开关Q1控制端连接，当用在同步开关时，且不需要过零投入时，第二光电耦合器OPT2可以省略，串联在电容C1放电回路的第三电阻R3用于限流，根据需要选用。A zero-crossing detecting device, which is a half-wave detecting circuit, comprising a semiconductor switch Q1 and a first current limiting element R1 (resistance), rectifying device D1 (diode), capacitor C1, second current limiting element R2 (resistance), voltage stabilizing device Z1, first photocoupler OPT1, second photocoupler OPT2, semiconductor switch Q1 (transistor The control terminal is connected to the signal source (K1 of the mechanical switch) through the first current limiting component R1, and the working power supply (the working power supply in the figure is provided by the neutral line, or may be made by another relative to the signal source) A phase line provides) a capacitor C1 is charged through the second current limiting element R2 and the rectifying device D1, and the capacitor C1 forms a discharge loop through the control end of the first photocoupler OPT1, the second photocoupler OPT2, and the semiconductor switch Q1. The photocoupler OPT1 outputs a detection signal, and the voltage stabilizing device Z1 is connected in parallel with the capacitor C1 (the voltage stabilizing device Z1 is connected in parallel with the capacitor C1 through the rectifying device D1), and the second photocoupler OPT2 is used to control the discharge circuit, which is not limited to and discharged. The circuit is connected in series, and can also be connected to the control terminal of the semiconductor switch Q1. When used in the synchronous switch, and the zero-crossing input is not required, the second photocoupler OPT2 can be omitted, and the third resistor R3 connected in series to the discharge circuit of the capacitor C1 is used for Stream, selected according to need.
半导体开关Q1：为方便理解，图3为一晶体管Q1，第四电阻R4、二极管Z3与晶体管Q1的基极、发射极并联，当晶体管Q1内置有相关部件时，可省略，实际应用时为降低第一限流元件R1功耗，也可以为达林顿管，或一达林顿电路，或晶体管驱动晶体管电路，相关电路如图2所示，半导体开关Q1在检测到机械开关K1两端电压大于零且满足半导体开关Q1驱动电压时导通。Semiconductor switch Q1: For the sake of easy understanding, FIG. 3 is a transistor Q1, and the fourth resistor R4 and the diode Z3 are connected in parallel with the base and emitter of the transistor Q1. When the transistor Q1 has built-in related components, it can be omitted, and the actual application is reduced. The power consumption of the first current limiting component R1 can also be a Darlington tube, or a Darlington circuit, or a transistor driving transistor circuit. The related circuit is shown in FIG. 2, and the semiconductor switch Q1 detects the voltage across the mechanical switch K1. Turns on when it is greater than zero and meets the driving voltage of the semiconductor switch Q1.
一种同步开关包括以上所述的过零检测装置，还包括控制单元(A)、机械开关K1，控制单元(A)与机械开关K1连接，半导体开关Q1的控制端通过第一限流元件R1与机械开关K1连接，第一光电耦合器OPT1输出信号传递至控制单元(A)，第二光电耦合器OPT2的控制端与控制单元(A)连接。A synchronous switch includes the above-mentioned zero-crossing detecting device, further comprising a control unit (A), a mechanical switch K1, a control unit (A) connected to the mechanical switch K1, and a control end of the semiconductor switch Q1 passing through the first current limiting element R1 Connected to the mechanical switch K1, the output signal of the first photocoupler OPT1 is transmitted to the control unit (A), and the control end of the second photocoupler OPT2 is connected to the control unit (A).
工作原理：如需过零接通，在闭合的工作过程中，控制单元(A)提供第二光电耦合器OPT2控制信号，控制机械开关K1在电容C1的放电回路导通后闭合，控制单元(A)控制机械开关K1在两端电压满足驱动半导体开关Q1导通电压方向时闭合，控制单元(A)根据第一光电耦合器OPT1输出的信号，调整控制机械开关K1闭合的时间参数。在同步开关分断工作过程中，控制单元(A)控制机械开关K1在两端电压满足驱动半导体开关Q1导通电压方向，且驱动时间小于四分之一周波分断，然后关闭第二光电耦合器OPT2导通控制信号，控制单元(A)根据第一光电耦合器OPT1输出的信号，调整控制机械开关K1分断的时间参数。Working principle: If zero-crossing is required, during the closed working process, the control unit (A) provides a control signal of the second photocoupler OPT2, and the control mechanical switch K1 is closed after the discharge circuit of the capacitor C1 is turned on, and the control unit ( A) The control mechanical switch K1 is closed when the voltages at both ends satisfy the driving voltage direction of the semiconductor switch Q1, and the control unit (A) adjusts the time parameter for controlling the closing of the mechanical switch K1 according to the signal output by the first photocoupler OPT1. During the synchronous switch breaking operation, the control unit (A) controls the mechanical switch K1 to meet the driving voltage of the semiconductor switch Q1 at the voltage across the two ends, and the driving time is less than a quarter of the cycle breaking, and then the second photocoupler OPT2 is turned off. Turning on the control signal, the control unit (A) adjusts the time parameter for controlling the breaking of the mechanical switch K1 according to the signal output by the first photocoupler OPT1.
本实施例，无需变压器提供过零检测装置工作电源，直接有机械开关K1所在的交流电网非隔离供电，其采用电容储能驱动第一光电耦合器OPT1的驱动形式，通过第二限流元件R2电流可以设定为0.1毫安左右，设为0.1毫安，当工作电压为220V时，能耗仅为0.022W，在机械开关K1闭合时，半导体开关Q1截 止，电容C1处于充电状态，当需要同步开关过零接通控制时，只需要增加用于控制电容C1放电的第二光电耦合器OPT2即可，本实施例具有电路简单、能耗小、成本低的优点。In this embodiment, the working power supply of the zero-crossing detecting device is not required by the transformer, and the AC power grid where the mechanical switch K1 is located is directly isolated from the power supply, and the driving mode of the first photocoupler OPT1 is driven by the capacitive energy storage device, and the second current limiting component R2 is adopted. The current can be set to about 0.1 mA, set to 0.1 mA. When the working voltage is 220V, the energy consumption is only 0.022W. When the mechanical switch K1 is closed, the semiconductor switch Q1 is cut. The capacitor C1 is in a charging state. When the synchronous switch zero-crossing control is required, only the second photocoupler OPT2 for controlling the discharge of the capacitor C1 needs to be added. This embodiment has the advantages of simple circuit, low energy consumption, and low cost. Low advantage.
本发明过零检测装置及同步开关的实施例三，如图4所示：The third embodiment of the zero-crossing detecting device and the synchronous switch of the present invention is as shown in FIG. 4:
一种过零检测装置，其为半波检测电路，其包括半导体开关(B)、第一限流元件R1、整流器件D1(二极管)、电容C1、第二限流元件R2、稳压器件Z1、第一光电耦合器OPT1、第二光电耦合器OPT2，半导体开关(B)(晶体管)的控制端通过第一限流元件R1与所需检测的信号源(机械开关的K1两端)连接，工作电源(图中工作电源由中性线提供，也可以由相对于信号源的另一相线提供)通过第二限流元件R2、整流器件D1为电容C1充电，电容C1通过第一光电耦合器OPT1的控制端、第二光电耦合器OPT2、半导体开关(B)、单向晶闸管SCR1的触发极、单向晶闸管SCR1的阴极形成放电回路，第一光电耦合器OPT1输出检测信号，稳压器件Z1通过整流器件D1与电容C1并联(也可以稳压器件Z1直接与电容C1并联)，第二光电耦合器OPT2用于控制放电回路，其不限于与放电回路串联，也可以与半导体开关(B)控制端连接，当用在同步开关，且不需要过零投入时，第二光电耦合器OPT2可以省略，串联在电容C1放电回路的第三电阻R3用于限流，根据需要选用。A zero-crossing detecting device, which is a half-wave detecting circuit, comprising a semiconductor switch (B), a first current limiting element R1, a rectifying device D1 (diode), a capacitor C1, a second current limiting element R2, and a voltage stabilizing device Z1 The first photocoupler OPT1, the second photocoupler OPT2, and the control end of the semiconductor switch (B) (transistor) are connected to the signal source (both ends of K1 of the mechanical switch) of the desired detection through the first current limiting element R1. The working power supply (the working power supply is provided by the neutral line or the other phase line relative to the signal source) is charged by the second current limiting element R2 and the rectifying device D1 for the capacitor C1, and the capacitor C1 passes the first photoelectric coupling. The control terminal of the OPT1, the second photocoupler OPT2, the semiconductor switch (B), the trigger pole of the unidirectional thyristor SCR1, the cathode of the unidirectional thyristor SCR1 form a discharge loop, and the first photocoupler OPT1 outputs a detection signal, and the voltage regulator device Z1 is connected in parallel with the capacitor C1 through the rectifying device D1 (the voltage stabilizing device Z1 can also be directly connected in parallel with the capacitor C1), and the second photocoupler OPT2 is used to control the discharge circuit, which is not limited to being connected in series with the discharge circuit, and can also be combined with the semiconductor switch (B). )Control terminal Then, when used in synchronous switch, and does not require over-zero input, second photocoupler OPT2 may be omitted, the third resistor R3 in series with the capacitor C1 discharge circuit for limiting the flow, selected according to need.
半导体开关(B)：如图5所示，半导体开关(B)在检测到机械开关K1两端电压大于零且满足半导体开关(B)驱动电压时导通；半导体开关(B)包括第一晶体管Q1、第二晶体管Q2、二极管D2、第五电阻R5、第六电阻R6、第七电阻R7，第一晶体管Q1为PNP型晶体管、第二晶体管Q2为NPN型晶体管，第二晶体管Q2的基极通过第一限流元件R1与单向晶闸管SCR1的阳极连接，第二晶体管Q2的发射极与单向晶闸管SCR1的阴极连接，第二晶体管Q2的集电极与第一晶体管Q1的基极连接，第一晶体管Q1的发射极、第一晶体管Q1的集电极串联在电容C1的放电回路中，二极管D2与第二晶体管Q2的发射极、第二晶体管Q2的基极反向并联，第五电阻R5与二极管D1并联，第六电阻R6两端分别与第一晶体管Q1的基极、第一晶体管Q1的发射极连接，第七电阻R7串联在第一晶体管Q1的基极用于限流，第五电阻R5、第六电阻R6、第七电阻R7根据需要选用。Semiconductor switch (B): As shown in FIG. 5, the semiconductor switch (B) is turned on when detecting that the voltage across the mechanical switch K1 is greater than zero and satisfies the driving voltage of the semiconductor switch (B); the semiconductor switch (B) includes the first transistor Q1, second transistor Q2, diode D2, fifth resistor R5, sixth resistor R6, seventh resistor R7, first transistor Q1 is a PNP transistor, second transistor Q2 is an NPN transistor, and the base of the second transistor Q2 The first current limiting element R1 is connected to the anode of the unidirectional thyristor SCR1, the emitter of the second transistor Q2 is connected to the cathode of the unidirectional thyristor SCR1, and the collector of the second transistor Q2 is connected to the base of the first transistor Q1. The emitter of a transistor Q1, the collector of the first transistor Q1 is connected in series in the discharge loop of the capacitor C1, the diode D2 is in anti-parallel with the emitter of the second transistor Q2, the base of the second transistor Q2, and the fifth resistor R5 is The diode D1 is connected in parallel, and the sixth resistor R6 is respectively connected to the base of the first transistor Q1 and the emitter of the first transistor Q1, and the seventh resistor R7 is connected in series at the base of the first transistor Q1 for current limiting, and the fifth resistor R5, sixth resistor R6 The seventh resistor R7 is selected as needed.
一种同步开关，包括以上所述的过零检测装置，还包括控制单元(A)、机械开关K1、单向晶闸管SCR1(半控型器件)，控制单元(A)与机械开关K1连接，半导体开关(B)的控制端通过第一限流元件R1与机械开关K1连接，第一 光电耦合器OPT1输出信号传递至控制单元(A)，第二光电耦合器OPT2的控制端与控制单元(A)连接，单向晶闸管SCR1与机械开关K1并联，半导体开关(B)的控制端通过第一限流元件R1与单向晶闸管SCR1的阳极连接，电容C1通过第一光电耦合器OPT1的控制端、第二光电耦合器OPT2、半导体开关(B)、单向晶闸管SCR1的触发极、单向晶闸管SCR1的阴极形成驱动回路，半导体开关(B)用于检测单向晶闸管SCR1的导通时间，控制单元(A)根据单向晶闸管SCR1的导通时间调整控制机械开关K1的时间参数。注：第一光电耦合器OPT1的控制端、第二光电耦合器OPT2不限于与单向晶闸管SCR1的驱动回路串联，也可以串联在半导体开关(B)的内部电路中，如与半导体开关(B)的2脚、4脚回路串联。A synchronous switch comprising the above-mentioned zero-crossing detecting device, further comprising a control unit (A), a mechanical switch K1, a unidirectional thyristor SCR1 (half-controlled device), a control unit (A) connected to the mechanical switch K1, and a semiconductor The control end of the switch (B) is connected to the mechanical switch K1 through the first current limiting element R1, first The output signal of the optocoupler OPT1 is transmitted to the control unit (A), the control end of the second photocoupler OPT2 is connected to the control unit (A), the unidirectional thyristor SCR1 is connected in parallel with the mechanical switch K1, and the control end of the semiconductor switch (B) is passed. The first current limiting element R1 is connected to the anode of the unidirectional thyristor SCR1, and the capacitor C1 passes through the control end of the first photocoupler OPT1, the second photocoupler OPT2, the semiconductor switch (B), the trigger pole of the unidirectional thyristor SCR1, and the single A driving circuit is formed to the cathode of the thyristor SCR1, the semiconductor switch (B) is for detecting the conduction time of the unidirectional thyristor SCR1, and the control unit (A) adjusts the time parameter of the mechanical switch K1 according to the conduction time of the unidirectional thyristor SCR1. Note that the control end of the first photocoupler OPT1 and the second photocoupler OPT2 are not limited to being connected in series with the driving circuit of the unidirectional thyristor SCR1, or may be connected in series in the internal circuit of the semiconductor switch (B), such as with a semiconductor switch (B). The 2-pin and 4-pin loops are connected in series.
工作原理：如需过零接通，在闭合的工作过程中，控制单元(A)提供第二光电耦合器OPT2控制信号，控制机械开关K1在单向晶闸管SCR1过零导通后四分之一周波内闭合，控制单元(A)根据第一光电耦合器OPT1输出的信号，调整控制机械开关闭合的时间参数，在分断的工作过程中，控制单元(A)控制机械开关K1满足单向晶闸管SCR1导通时间小于半个周波断开，控制单元(A)根据第一光电耦合器OPT1输出的信号，调整控制机械开关分断的时间参数。Working principle: If zero-crossing is required, during the closed working process, the control unit (A) provides the second optocoupler OPT2 control signal, and controls the mechanical switch K1 after the zero-way conduction of the unidirectional thyristor SCR1. The cycle is closed, and the control unit (A) adjusts the time parameter for controlling the closing of the mechanical switch according to the signal output by the first photocoupler OPT1. During the breaking operation, the control unit (A) controls the mechanical switch K1 to satisfy the unidirectional thyristor SCR1. The on-time is less than half a cycle break, and the control unit (A) adjusts the time parameter for controlling the mechanical switch to be broken according to the signal output by the first photocoupler OPT1.
本实施例，无需变压器提供过零检测装置工作电源及单向晶闸管SCR1的驱动能量，直接由机械开关K1所在的交流电网非隔离供电，其采用电容储能驱动第一光电耦合器OPT1和单向晶闸管SCR1的形式，通过第二限流元件R2的电流可以设定为0.1毫安左右，如设为0.1毫安，当工作电压为220V时，能耗仅为0.022W，在机械开关K1闭合时，半导体开关Q1截止，电容C1处于充电状态，当需要同步开关过零接通控制时，只需要增加用于控制电容C1放电的第二光电耦合器OPT2即可，单向晶闸管SCR1的驱动不需要高压电子开关(如3083光耦驱动)及触发变压器，本实施例具有单向晶闸管SCR1导通时间短、过载能力强、电路简单、性价比高、可靠性的优点；In this embodiment, the working power supply of the zero-crossing detecting device and the driving energy of the unidirectional thyristor SCR1 are not required by the transformer, and the power is directly supplied by the AC power grid where the mechanical switch K1 is located, and the capacitor is used to drive the first photocoupler OPT1 and the one-way. In the form of the thyristor SCR1, the current through the second current limiting element R2 can be set to about 0.1 mA, such as 0.1 mA, and when the operating voltage is 220 V, the energy consumption is only 0.022 W, when the mechanical switch K1 is closed. The semiconductor switch Q1 is turned off, and the capacitor C1 is in a charging state. When the synchronous switch zero-crossing control is required, only the second photocoupler OPT2 for controlling the discharge of the capacitor C1 needs to be added, and the driving of the unidirectional thyristor SCR1 is not required. The high-voltage electronic switch (such as the 3083 optocoupler drive) and the trigger transformer, the embodiment has the advantages that the unidirectional thyristor SCR1 has short conduction time, strong overload capability, simple circuit, high cost performance and reliability;
由一变压器一绕组提供单向晶闸管SCR1驱动能量和过零检测装置的工作电源时，本实施例的第二限流元件R2、稳压器件Z1、第二光电耦合器OPT2可以省略。When the unidirectional thyristor SCR1 driving energy and the operating power of the zero-crossing detecting device are provided by a transformer-winding, the second current limiting element R2, the voltage stabilizing device Z1, and the second photocoupler OPT2 of the present embodiment may be omitted.
综上所述：本发明过零检测装置具有电路简单、功耗小、检测精度高、成本低的优点。In summary, the zero-crossing detecting device of the present invention has the advantages of simple circuit, low power consumption, high detection precision, and low cost.
采用本发明过零检测装置的本发明同步开关具有需电流传感器，不会因负载电流的大小影响精度，具有投切准确、性价比高的优点。 The synchronous switch of the invention adopting the zero-crossing detecting device of the invention has a current-demanding sensor, and does not affect the accuracy due to the magnitude of the load current, and has the advantages of accurate switching and high cost performance.

Claims (16)

  1. 一种过零检测装置，其特征是：其包括一半导体开关、第一限流元件、第一光电耦合器、一整流器件、一电容，所述半导体开关的控制端通过所述第一限流元件与所需检测的信号源连接，工作电源通过所述整流器件为所述电容充电，所述电容通过所述第一光电耦合器的控制端、所述半导体开关形成放电回路，所述第一光电耦合器输出检测信号。A zero-crossing detecting device, comprising: a semiconductor switch, a first current limiting component, a first photocoupler, a rectifying device, and a capacitor, wherein a control end of the semiconductor switch passes the first current limiting An element is connected to a signal source to be detected, and a working power source charges the capacitor through the rectifying device, and the capacitor forms a discharge circuit through a control end of the first photocoupler, the semiconductor switch, the first The photocoupler outputs a detection signal.
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的过零检测装置，其特征是：所述半导体开关在检测到所述信号源电压大于零时导通。The zero-crossing detecting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said semiconductor switch is turned on when detecting that said signal source voltage is greater than zero.
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的过零检测装置，其特征是：所述半导体开关包括一晶体管，或达林顿管，或一达林顿电路，或晶体管驱动晶体管电路。The zero-crossing detecting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said semiconductor switch comprises a transistor, or a Darlington tube, or a Darlington circuit, or a transistor driving transistor circuit.
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的过零检测装置，其特征是：所述工作电源由一变压器输出绕组提供。The zero-crossing detecting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said operating power source is supplied from a transformer output winding.
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的过零检测装置，其特征是：其为半波检测电路。The zero-crossing detecting device according to claim 1, wherein the zero-crossing detecting circuit is a half-wave detecting circuit.
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的过零检测装置，其特征是：包括第二限流元件、一稳压器件，所述第二限流元件与所述整流器件串联，所述稳压器件与所述电容并联，或所述稳压器件通过所述整流器件与所述电容并联。A zero-crossing detecting device according to claim 1, comprising: a second current limiting element, a voltage stabilizing device, said second current limiting element being connected in series with said rectifying device, said stabilizing device and said The capacitors are connected in parallel, or the voltage stabilizing device is connected in parallel with the capacitor through the rectifying device.
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的过零检测装置，其特征是：所述工作电源由中性线或相对于所述信号源的另一相线提供。The zero-crossing detecting apparatus according to claim 6, wherein said operating power source is supplied by a neutral line or another phase line with respect to said signal source.
  8. 一种同步开关，其特征是：其包括根据权利要求1至7中任一权利要求所述的过零检测装置，还包括控制单元、机械开关，所述控制单元与所述机械开关连接，所述半导体开关的控制端通过所述第一限流元件与所述机械开关连接，所述第一光电耦合器输出信号传递至所述控制单元。A synchronous switch, comprising: the zero-crossing detecting device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, further comprising a control unit and a mechanical switch, wherein the control unit is connected to the mechanical switch, The control terminal of the semiconductor switch is connected to the mechanical switch through the first current limiting element, and the first photocoupler output signal is transmitted to the control unit.
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的同步开关，其特征是：所述控制单元根据所述第一光电耦合器输出的信号，调整控制所述机械开关闭合或分断的时间参数。The synchronous switch according to claim 8, wherein said control unit adjusts a time parameter for controlling said mechanical switch to be closed or broken according to a signal output by said first photocoupler.
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的同步开关，其特征是：连接一用于控制所述放电回路的第二光电耦合器，所述第二光电耦合器的控制端与所述控制单元连接。The synchronous switch according to claim 9, wherein a second photocoupler for controlling said discharge circuit is connected, and a control end of said second photocoupler is connected to said control unit.
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的同步开关，其特征是：在闭合的工作过程中，所述控制单元提供所述第二光电耦合器控制信号，控制所述机械开关在所述放电回路导通后闭合。The synchronous switch according to claim 10, wherein said control unit provides said second photocoupler control signal during closed operation, said control said mechanical switch to be closed after said discharge circuit is turned on .
  12. 根据权利要求8所述的同步开关，其特征是：还包括一单向晶闸管，所述单向晶闸管与所述机械开关并联，所述半导体开关的控制端通过所述第一限流元件与所述单向晶闸管的阳极连接，所述电容通过所述半导体开关、所述单向晶闸管 的触发极、所述单向晶闸管的阴极形成驱动回路，所述半导体开关用于检测所述单向晶闸管的导通时间，所述控制单元根据所述单向晶闸管的导通时间调整控制所述机械开关的时间参数。The synchronous switch according to claim 8, further comprising a unidirectional thyristor, said unidirectional thyristor being connected in parallel with said mechanical switch, said control terminal of said semiconductor switch passing said first current limiting element An anode connection of the unidirectional thyristor, the capacitor passing through the semiconductor switch, the unidirectional thyristor a triggering pole, a cathode of the unidirectional thyristor forming a driving circuit, the semiconductor switch for detecting an on-time of the unidirectional thyristor, and the control unit controlling the conduction according to an on-time adjustment of the unidirectional thyristor Time parameter of the mechanical switch.
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的同步开关，其特征是：连接一用于控制所述放电回路的第二光电耦合器，所述第二光电耦合器的控制端与所述控制单元连接。The synchronous switch according to claim 12, wherein a second photocoupler for controlling said discharge circuit is connected, and a control end of said second photocoupler is connected to said control unit.
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的同步开关，其特征是：在闭合的工作过程中，所述控制单元先提供所述第二光电耦合器控制信号，控制所述机械开关在所述单向晶闸管过零导通后四分之一周波内闭合。The synchronous switch according to claim 13, wherein said control unit first provides said second photocoupler control signal during said closed operation, and controls said mechanical switch to cross zero in said one-way thyristor One quarter of the cycle is closed after the conduction.
  15. 根据权利要求12所述的同步开关，其特征是：在分断的工作过程中，所述控制单元控制所述机械开关断开，且满足所述单向晶闸管导通时间小于半个周波。The synchronous switch according to claim 12, wherein during the breaking operation, the control unit controls the mechanical switch to be turned off, and the unidirectional thyristor conduction time is less than half a cycle.
  16. 根据权利要求12所述的同步开关，其特征是：所述半导体开关包括第一晶体管、第二晶体管、二极管，所述第一晶体管为PNP型晶体管、所述第二晶体管为NPN型晶体管，所述第二晶体管的基极通过所述第一限流元件与所述单向晶闸管的阳极连接，第二晶体管的发射极与所述单向晶闸管的阴极连接，所述第二晶体管的集电极与所述第一晶体管的基极连接，所述第一晶体管的发射极、所述第一晶体管的集电极串联在所述放电回路中，所述二极管的阳极与所述第二晶体管的发射极、所述第二晶体管的基极反向并联。 The synchronous switch according to claim 12, wherein the semiconductor switch comprises a first transistor, a second transistor, a diode, the first transistor is a PNP transistor, and the second transistor is an NPN transistor. a base of the second transistor is connected to an anode of the unidirectional thyristor through the first current limiting element, an emitter of the second transistor is connected to a cathode of the unidirectional thyristor, and a collector of the second transistor is a base of the first transistor is connected, an emitter of the first transistor, a collector of the first transistor are connected in series in the discharge circuit, an anode of the diode and an emitter of the second transistor, The bases of the second transistors are connected in anti-parallel.
PCT/CN2017/071793 2016-01-24 2017-01-20 Zero-crossing detection apparatus and synchronous switch WO2017125056A1 (en)

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