WO2020083323A1 - Arc-extinguishing apparatus - Google Patents

Arc-extinguishing apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020083323A1
WO2020083323A1 PCT/CN2019/112888 CN2019112888W WO2020083323A1 WO 2020083323 A1 WO2020083323 A1 WO 2020083323A1 CN 2019112888 W CN2019112888 W CN 2019112888W WO 2020083323 A1 WO2020083323 A1 WO 2020083323A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
capacitor
voltage
arc extinguishing
detection switch
switch
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Application number
PCT/CN2019/112888
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
郭桥石
Original Assignee
郭桥石
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Publication date
Application filed by 郭桥石 filed Critical 郭桥石
Priority to CN201980062895.2A priority Critical patent/CN112753085B/en
Publication of WO2020083323A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020083323A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an arc extinguishing device, in particular an arc extinguishing device suitable for extinguishing arcs of contactors (relays) and other mechanical switches, and can also be used for other breakpoints (such as the fuse of a fuse, the connection between a plug and a socket) Breakpoint, wire breakpoint).
  • an arc extinguishing device suitable for extinguishing arcs of contactors (relays) and other mechanical switches, and can also be used for other breakpoints (such as the fuse of a fuse, the connection between a plug and a socket) Breakpoint, wire breakpoint).
  • the purpose of the present invention is to solve the problem of short electrical life of mechanical switches in existing electronic control systems, and to provide an arc extinguishing device that uses capacitors to extinguish arcs by detecting the voltage change rate of the common terminal of the mechanical switch and the load.
  • An arc extinguishing device as shown in FIG. 1, includes a first capacitor C1, a detection switch A, the detection switch A is connected to the first capacitor C1, and the detection switch A is used to detect a change in the voltage at the common terminal of the load M and the mechanical switch K The rate and the change rate reach the opening value of the detection switch A, the detection switch A is turned on, and the first capacitor C1 supplies power to the load M through the detection switch A.
  • the invention has reasonable design, and uses the change rate of the detection switch to detect the voltage for arc extinction, which has the advantages of strong resistance to voltage fluctuation, high arc extinction accuracy, and good arc extinction effect.
  • Figure 1 is a circuit schematic diagram of the arc extinguishing device of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a circuit schematic diagram of an embodiment of the arc extinguishing device of the present invention.
  • FIG 3 is one of the circuit schematic diagrams of the second embodiment of the arc extinguishing device of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is the second circuit schematic diagram of the second embodiment of the arc extinguishing device of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is one of the circuit schematic diagrams of the third embodiment of the arc extinguishing device of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is one of the circuit diagrams of the delay unit of the detection switch of the arc extinguishing device of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is the second schematic diagram of the delay unit circuit of the detection switch of the arc extinguishing device of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of an equivalent circuit circuit of the thyristor of the detection switch of the arc extinguishing device of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is the second circuit schematic diagram of the third embodiment of the arc extinguishing device of the present invention.
  • Embodiment 4 of the arc extinguishing device of the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a circuit schematic diagram of the fifth embodiment of the arc extinguishing device of the present invention.
  • Embodiment 6 is a schematic diagram of Embodiment 6 of the arc extinguishing device of the present invention.
  • Fig. 13 is one of the voltage waveform diagrams at both ends of the load without using the arc extinguishing device of the present invention.
  • 15 is the third waveform diagram of the voltage across the load of the arc extinguishing device of the present invention.
  • 16 is the fourth waveform diagram of the voltage across the load of the arc extinguishing device of the present invention.
  • Embodiment 1 of the arc extinguishing device of the present invention is shown in FIG. 2:
  • An arc extinguishing device includes a first capacitor C1, a detection switch A, the detection switch A is connected to the first capacitor C1, the detection switch A is used to detect the rate of change of the voltage across the load M (ie, the load M and the mechanical switch K The rate of change of the common terminal relative to the ground voltage of the load M), the rate of change (falling rate) of the voltage across the load M reaches the opening value of the detection switch A, the detection switch A is turned on, and the first capacitor C1 passes the detection switch A to the load M powered by;
  • a charging unit B which is composed of a first diode D1, a first current limiting element R1 (resistor) connected in series;
  • Detection switch A a semi-controlled switch, including a second capacitor C2, a controllable device SCR1, a second diode D2 (option), the voltage across the load M passes through the first capacitor C1, the second diode D2,
  • the second capacitor C2 drives the controllable device SCR1 to turn on; the operating energy and voltage signal of the detection switch A are provided by the first capacitor C1; the common terminal of the second diode D2 and the second capacitor C2 and the first diode D1 1.
  • the common terminal of the first current limiting element R1 is connected, and the third diode D3 (option) is connected to the trigger electrode and the cathode of the controllable device SCR1.
  • the mechanical switch K is connected in series with the load M, the mechanical switch K is closed, and the voltage across the load M charges the first capacitor C1 through the charging unit B.
  • the mechanical switch K bounces closed or the switch K breaks, the first capacitor C1
  • the controllable device SCR1 is driven by the second diode D2 and the second capacitor C2, and the first capacitor C1 supplies power to the load M through the controllable device SCR1.
  • the voltage across the load M rises rapidly, and the potential difference across the mechanical switch K is rapid Down to achieve the purpose of the mechanical switch extinguishing the arc.
  • This embodiment has the advantages of small number of components used and simple circuit.
  • FIG. 3 The second embodiment of the arc extinguishing device of the present invention is shown in FIG. 3:
  • An arc extinguishing device includes a first capacitor C1, a detection switch A, the detection switch A is connected to the first capacitor C1, the detection switch A is used to detect the voltage across the load M, and the rate of change (fall rate) of the voltage across the load M When the detection switch A is turned on, the detection switch A is turned on, and the first capacitor C1 supplies power to the load M through the detection switch A;
  • a charging unit B is also included.
  • the charging unit B is composed of a first diode D1 (option) and a first current limiting element R1 (resistor) connected in series.
  • Detection switch A a semi-controlled switch, including a second capacitor C2, a controllable device SCR1, a second current limiting element R2 (resistance, option), a second diode D2 (option), a three-terminal circuit (possible As the multiplexed mechanical switch multiplexes the first capacitor C1 for the multiplexed mechanical switch arc extinguishing selector switch), the second capacitor C2, the parallel circuit composed of the second current limiting element R2 and the second diode D2, controllable
  • the trigger electrode of the device SCR1 is connected in series, and the third terminal 3 of the detection switch A can also be connected to the second terminal 2 as a two-terminal circuit (the working energy and voltage signal of the detection switch A are provided by the first capacitor C1), the third Diode D3 (option) is connected to the trigger and cathode of the controllable device SCR1.
  • the mechanical switch K is closed, the voltage across the load M charges the first capacitor C1 through the charging unit B, and the voltage across the load M charges the second capacitor C2.
  • the second capacitor C2 drives the controllable device SCR1 to turn on.
  • the first capacitor C1 supplies power to the load M through the controllable device SCR1.
  • the voltage across the load M rises rapidly, and the potential difference between the two ends of the mechanical switch K drops rapidly, reaching the arc extinguishment of the mechanical switch. purpose.
  • the ground terminal of the first capacitor C1 may also be connected to the power terminal of the mechanical switch K (as shown in FIG. 4), and the third current limiting element R3 (resistor) is used to discharge the first capacitor C1 ,
  • the charging unit B becomes the discharging unit B, when the switch K is closed and bouncing (during the bouncing and closing, the first capacitor C1 is quickly discharged through the mechanical switch K, the discharge unit B) or when the switch K is opened, the second capacitor C2 is driven
  • the controllable device SCR1 is turned on, and the power supply supplies power to the load M through the first capacitor C1 and the controllable device SCR1.
  • FIG. 5 The third embodiment of the arc extinguishing device of the present invention is shown in FIG. 5:
  • An arc extinguishing device includes a first capacitor C1, a detection switch A, the detection switch A is connected to the first capacitor C1, the detection switch A is used to detect the voltage across the load M, and the rate of change (fall rate) of the voltage across the load M When the detection switch A is turned on, the detection switch A is turned on, and the first capacitor C1 supplies power to the load M through the detection switch A;
  • Detection switch A It is a semi-controlled switch, which is composed of a second capacitor C2, a controllable device SCR1, and a delay unit C. It is a two-terminal circuit.
  • the working energy and voltage signal of the detection switch A are provided by the first capacitor C1;
  • the third terminal 3 of the detection switch A can also be connected to ground as a three-terminal circuit (when it is a three-terminal circuit, the ground terminal of the first capacitor C1 can be changed to the power supply of the power supply terminal of the mechanical switch K), voltage
  • the signal is transferred to the delay unit C through the second capacitor C2, and the delay unit C drives the controllable device SCR1 to be turned on.
  • Delay unit C As shown in Fig. 6, it consists of power supply circuit (fifth current limiting element R5, fifth voltage stabilizing device Z5), delay circuit (transistor Q1, semiconductor device Z7, fourth capacitor C4), semi-controlled type
  • the switch thyristor SCR2, which can also be replaced by the circuit shown in FIG. 8) circuit, the power provided by the first capacitor C1 is limited by the fifth element R5, the fifth voltage stabilizing device Z5 voltage regulator provides work for the delay circuit Energy, the second capacitor C2, the second current-limiting element R2 (resistor) and the parallel circuit composed of the second diode D2, and the input circuit of the delay unit C are connected in series.
  • the circuit of FIG. 7 can also be used. Note: The circuits shown in Figures 6, 7, and 8 are preferred examples, and other digital circuits may also be used.
  • the mechanical switch K is connected in series with the load M, the mechanical switch K is closed, and the voltage across the load M passes the detection switch A (through its internal circuit, a charging unit B can also be added, refer to FIG. 3) to charge the first capacitor C1, The voltage across the load M charges the second capacitor C2.
  • the second capacitor C2 drives the semi-controlled switch SCR2 to turn on, and drives the controllable device SCR1 to turn on through the delay circuit (the delay time must be More than 100 microseconds, so that there is a certain distance between the contacts of the mechanical switch K), the first capacitor C1 supplies power to the load M through the controllable device SCR1, the voltage across the load M rises rapidly, and the potential difference between the two ends of the mechanical switch K is rapid Down to achieve the purpose of the mechanical switch extinguishing the arc.
  • the third capacitor C3, a fourth current limiting element R4 resistor
  • a first charging unit B1 Composed of a first diode D1 and a first current limiting element R1 connected in series; or two Choose one
  • the first voltage stabilizing device Z1 optional
  • the second charging unit B2 optional, consisting of the tenth current limiting element, the tenth diode in series, or one of the two
  • the fourth current limiting element R4 forms a first series circuit;
  • the first charging unit B1, the first capacitor C1 form a second series circuit;
  • the first capacitor C1, the detection switch A, and the third capacitor C3 form a third series circuit
  • the load M is two
  • the voltage at the terminal uses the first series circuit to charge the third capacitor C3, and the voltage across the load M uses the second series circuit to charge the first capacitor C1; the third capacitor C3, the second charging unit B2, and the first capacitor C1 form a fourth series In the circuit, the voltage across the load M charges the first
  • the ninth diode D9 connected in parallel with the third capacitor C3 and the eighth diode D8 connected in parallel with the first capacitor C1 are used to form a discharge circuit of the capacitor.
  • the capacity of the third capacitor C3 (electrolytic capacitors can be used to save volume and reduce cost) is larger than the capacity of the first capacitor C1.
  • the detection switch A of this embodiment can also be applied to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • the first capacitor C1 with a smaller capacity can also achieve a stable arc extinguishing effect, which is particularly suitable for high voltage and high current occasions, and has the advantages of low cost, small size, and stable arc extinguishing.
  • FIG. 10 The fourth embodiment of the arc extinguishing device of the present invention is shown in FIG. 10:
  • the above-mentioned embodiments are packaged with insulating materials into devices (the specific shape of which can be flexibly designed as needed); when the grounding terminal of the first capacitor C1 in the above embodiment is changed to When connecting with the power supply of the power supply end of the mechanical switch K, just add one pin.
  • the arc extinguishing device is a two-terminal circuit or a three-terminal circuit, which has the advantage of convenient use.
  • FIG. 11 The fifth embodiment of the arc extinguishing device of the present invention is shown in FIG. 11:
  • An arc extinguishing device includes a first capacitor C1, a detection switch A, a control unit D, a first switch S1 (semiconductor switch, semi-controlled device, unidirectional thyristor), the detection switch A is connected to the first capacitor C1, the detection switch A is used to detect the voltage across the load M.
  • a first switch S1 semiconductor switch, semi-controlled device, unidirectional thyristor
  • the rate of change (falling rate) of the voltage across the load M reaches the opening value of the detection switch A, the detection switch A is turned on, and then the control unit D controls the first switch S1 to turn on, and the first capacitor C1 supplies power to the load M through the detection switch A; in the process of the mechanical switch K breaking, and after the contact of the mechanical switch is broken for 100 microseconds (option), the first switch S1 is turned on, the first capacitor C1, the first switch S1 3.
  • the detection switch A forms a series circuit for powering the load M.
  • Detection switch A It is a semi-controlled switch, which is composed of a controllable device SCR1 and a second capacitor C2. It is a three-terminal circuit (one end of the second capacitor C2 can also be changed to the power supply of the power supply terminal of the mechanical switch K), it is recommended
  • the detection switch A shown in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 is used for the arc extinguishing selection switch of the multi-path mechanical switch.
  • controllable device SCR1 is connected in series with a fourth diode D4 (the circuit is designed to work with the fourth diode D4 Higher than the controllable device SCR1, optional).
  • an optocoupler detection unit for detecting the conduction of the detection switch A is connected (composed of an eleventh resistor R11 and the optocoupler OPT1 connected in series;
  • the power supply is provided by the power supply of the mechanical switch K, or it can be provided by the first capacitor C1; the output signal of the optocoupler OPT1 is passed to the control unit D), the detection switch A is also connected to the fifth capacitor C5, and the second capacitor C2 can be driven
  • the control device SCR1 (semi-control device) is turned on, and a power supply (the power supply of which is provided by the power supply of the mechanical switch K, or it can be provided by the first capacitor C1) through the fifth capacitor C5, the controllable device SCR1 To supply power to the load M, the peak current through the fifth capacitor C5 needs to be greater than the sustain current of the controllable device SCR1, and then the fifth capacitor C5 quickly enters a high-impedance state
  • the mechanical switch K is closed, and the voltage across the load M charges the second capacitor C2.
  • the second capacitor C2 drives the controllable device SCR1 to turn on, and then the control unit D controls the first switch S1 Conduction (the first switch S1 should be greater than 100 microseconds after the controllable device SCR1 is turned on, so that the contacts of the mechanical switch K have a certain opening distance)
  • the first capacitor C1 the first switch S1
  • the first The series circuit composed of four diodes D4 (option) and detection switch A supplies power to the load M.
  • the voltage across the load M rises rapidly, and the potential difference across the mechanical switch K decreases rapidly, so that the mechanical switch is extinguished.
  • control unit D is used to charge, or discharge, or charge (reverse pre-charge, when the first capacitor C1 is connected to the PA terminal) and discharge; the PA terminal can be connected to the power supply of the mechanical switch K
  • the power connection at the terminal, the number of mechanical switches, detection switches, and loads are one, or two or more, and share the first capacitor C1, the first switch S1, and the control unit D, which can extinguish and manage the multi-way switch.
  • the first capacitor C1 with a smaller capacity can also achieve a stable arc extinguishing effect, and is particularly suitable for high voltage and high current occasions, and has the advantages of low cost and stable arc extinguishing.
  • FIG. 12 The sixth embodiment of the arc extinguishing device of the present invention is shown in FIG. 12:
  • the fifth embodiment of the arc extinguishing device described above is placed in a housing. As a versatile product, it is connected to external mechanical switches and host computers through terminals to facilitate safety certification and popularization. Its specific shape can be based on Need flexible design.
  • the detection switch A is used to detect the change rate of the voltage at the common terminal of the load M and the mechanical switch K. Since the voltage fluctuation or ripple of the power supply is much slower than the mechanical switch K at the moment of breaking, the second capacitor C2 presents a high impedance and cannot meet the drive current requirements of the controllable device SCR1.
  • the present invention is particularly suitable for battery power supply systems such as electric vehicles or AC rectification power supply systems where the voltage fluctuation or ripple is large.
  • the voltage signal of the detection switch A can also be provided by the power supply of the power supply terminal of the mechanical switch K (that is, the voltage across the mechanical switch K to detect the rise rate of the voltage), but it is not a preferred technical solution because the input loop of the detection switch A is It will affect the insulation withstand voltage of the mechanical switch K.
  • the input circuit of the detection switch A is in series with the load M. There is also a certain safety risk.
  • the preferred example is to use the detection switch A to detect the two ends of the load M.
  • the first capacitor C1 and the detection switch A form a series circuit
  • the load M is connected in parallel with the series circuit
  • the input circuit of the detection switch A and the output circuit of the detection switch A are not electrically isolated
  • the detection switch A is a semi-controlled switch, It includes a controllable device SCR1 (a semi-controlled device, a unidirectional thyristor, or a semi-controlled switch composed of a fully controlled semiconductor device, such as a thyristor equivalent circuit).
  • the detection switch A of the arc extinguishing device of the present invention is composed of a second capacitor, a semiconductor device (diode, semi-controlled device), and a resistor (option), which is a two-terminal circuit or a three-terminal circuit, and detects the power supply of the switch
  • the power supply is provided by the first capacitor and the second capacitor, and is provided by the non-isolated voltage at both ends of the load; it has the advantages of simple circuit, low cost, and strong overload capacity; the definition of the load of the present invention may also include a line connected to the working load.
  • the detection switch A is coupled with the input signal through the second capacitor C2, and the second capacitor C2 is connected in series with the trigger M of the controllable device SCR1 to the load M (ground), or to the power supply of the power supply end of the mechanical switch K, It has the advantages of no leakage current and low loss.
  • FIG. 14 is a voltage waveform diagram across the load M when the second embodiment of the arc extinguishing device of the present invention is adopted and the first capacitor C1 uses a small-capacity capacitor;
  • 15 is a voltage waveform diagram across the load M when the second embodiment of the arc extinguishing device of the present invention is adopted, and the first capacitor C1 uses a large-capacity capacitor;
  • 16 is a voltage waveform diagram across the load M when the third or fourth embodiment of the arc extinguishing device of the present invention is used, and the first capacitor C1 uses a small-capacity capacitor;
  • the technical effects of different embodiments of the present invention are clearly observed based on the comparison of the waveform diagrams.
  • the arc extinguishing device of the present invention can greatly shorten the arcing time, and can even achieve the purpose of the mechanical switch without arc interruption.
  • the present invention has the advantages of strong resistance to voltage fluctuation and good arc extinguishing effect.

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Abstract

Disclosed is an arc-extinguishing apparatus, in particular an arc-extinguishing apparatus suitable for extinguishing arcs of mechanical switches (K) such as a contactor (a relay). The arc-extinguishing apparatus comprises a first capacitor (C1) and a detection switch (A). The detection switch (A) is connected to the first capacitor (C1), and the detection switch (A) is used for detecting a change rate of a voltage of a common end of a load (M) and a mechanical switch (K). If the change rate reaches a turn-on value of the detection switch (A), the detection switch (A) is turned on. The first capacitor (C1) supplies power to the load (M) through the detection switch (A). The arc-extinguishing apparatus has the advantages of high anti-voltage fluctuation capacity and a good arc-extinguishing effect.

Description

灭弧装置Arc extinguishing device 技术领域Technical field
本发明涉及一种灭弧装置，特别是一种适合于对接触器(继电器)等机械开关灭弧的灭弧装置，也可用于其它断点(如熔断体的熔断、插头与插座之间的断点、导线断点)的灭弧。The invention relates to an arc extinguishing device, in particular an arc extinguishing device suitable for extinguishing arcs of contactors (relays) and other mechanical switches, and can also be used for other breakpoints (such as the fuse of a fuse, the connection between a plug and a socket) Breakpoint, wire breakpoint).
背景技术Background technique
目前在新能源汽车、轨道交通、舰船、自动化控制等电控***中，普遍使用接触器(继电器)等机械开关对负载进行频繁接通和分断控制，由于机械开关存在分断电弧，特别是直流电，由于其没有零点，分断电弧更大，存在机械开关电寿命短的缺点，随着机械开关的分断电压和分断电流提升，其电寿命将大幅度降低。At present, in new energy vehicles, rail transit, ships, automatic control and other electronic control systems, mechanical switches such as contactors (relays) are commonly used to frequently turn on and off the load. Due to the mechanical switch, there is an arc, especially DC. Because it has no zero point, the breaking arc is larger, and there is a shortcoming of the short electrical life of the mechanical switch. As the breaking voltage and breaking current of the mechanical switch increase, its electrical life will be greatly reduced.
发明内容Summary of the invention
本发明的目的在于解决现有电控***中机械开关的电寿命短的问题，提供一种通过检测机械开关与负载的共同端电压变化速率的利用电容进行灭弧的灭弧装置。The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problem of short electrical life of mechanical switches in existing electronic control systems, and to provide an arc extinguishing device that uses capacitors to extinguish arcs by detecting the voltage change rate of the common terminal of the mechanical switch and the load.
实现本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案来达到的：The purpose of realizing the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
一种灭弧装置，如图1所示，包括第一电容C1、检测开关A，检测开关A与第一电容C1连接，检测开关A用于检测负载M与机械开关K的共同端的电压的变化速率，变化速率达到检测开关A开启值，检测开关A导通，第一电容C1通过检测开关A对负载M供电。An arc extinguishing device, as shown in FIG. 1, includes a first capacitor C1, a detection switch A, the detection switch A is connected to the first capacitor C1, and the detection switch A is used to detect a change in the voltage at the common terminal of the load M and the mechanical switch K The rate and the change rate reach the opening value of the detection switch A, the detection switch A is turned on, and the first capacitor C1 supplies power to the load M through the detection switch A.
工作原理：机械开关K分断过程中，当机械开关K的触点分断瞬间，负载M与机械开关K的共同端的电压的变化速率(即下降速率；当检测开关A的第二电容C2改为与机械开关K的电源端的电源连接时，为上升速率)发生突变，第一电容C1通过检测开关A对负载M供电(供电能量可以由第一电容C1预先储存的电荷提供，可以把第一电容C1接地端改为与机械开关K的电源端的电源连接，由该电源通过第一电容C1、检测开关A提供)，负载M两端的电压迅速上升，机械开关K两端电位差迅速下降，达到对机械开关灭弧的目的。Working principle: During the breaking process of the mechanical switch K, when the contact of the mechanical switch K is broken, the rate of change (ie, the rate of decrease) of the voltage at the common terminal of the load M and the mechanical switch K; when the second capacitor C2 of the detection switch A changes to When the power supply of the power supply terminal of the mechanical switch K is connected, the rise rate is abrupt. The first capacitor C1 supplies power to the load M through the detection switch A (the power supply energy can be provided by the pre-stored charge of the first capacitor C1, and the first capacitor C1 The grounding terminal is connected to the power supply of the power supply terminal of the mechanical switch K, which is provided by the first capacitor C1 and the detection switch A). The voltage across the load M rises rapidly, and the potential difference between the two ends of the mechanical switch K quickly drops, reaching the mechanical The purpose of the switch to extinguish the arc.
本发明设计合理，其利用检测开关检测电压的变化速率进行灭弧，具有抗电压波动能力强、灭弧准确性高、灭弧效果好的优点。The invention has reasonable design, and uses the change rate of the detection switch to detect the voltage for arc extinction, which has the advantages of strong resistance to voltage fluctuation, high arc extinction accuracy, and good arc extinction effect.
附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION
图1是本发明灭弧装置电路原理图。Figure 1 is a circuit schematic diagram of the arc extinguishing device of the present invention.
图2是本发明灭弧装置实施例一电路原理图。2 is a circuit schematic diagram of an embodiment of the arc extinguishing device of the present invention.
图3是本发明灭弧装置实施例二电路原理图之一。3 is one of the circuit schematic diagrams of the second embodiment of the arc extinguishing device of the present invention.
图4是本发明灭弧装置实施例二电路原理图之二。4 is the second circuit schematic diagram of the second embodiment of the arc extinguishing device of the present invention.
图5是本发明灭弧装置实施例三电路原理图之一。5 is one of the circuit schematic diagrams of the third embodiment of the arc extinguishing device of the present invention.
图6是本发明灭弧装置的检测开关之延时单元电路原理图之一。6 is one of the circuit diagrams of the delay unit of the detection switch of the arc extinguishing device of the present invention.
图7是本发明灭弧装置的检测开关之延时单元电路原理图之二。7 is the second schematic diagram of the delay unit circuit of the detection switch of the arc extinguishing device of the present invention.
图8是本发明灭弧装置的检测开关之晶闸管等效电路电路原理图。8 is a schematic diagram of an equivalent circuit circuit of the thyristor of the detection switch of the arc extinguishing device of the present invention.
图9是本发明灭弧装置的实施例三电路原理图之二。9 is the second circuit schematic diagram of the third embodiment of the arc extinguishing device of the present invention.
图10是本发明灭弧装置实施例四示意图。10 is a schematic diagram of Embodiment 4 of the arc extinguishing device of the present invention.
图11是本发明灭弧装置实施例五电路原理图。11 is a circuit schematic diagram of the fifth embodiment of the arc extinguishing device of the present invention.
图12是本发明灭弧装置实施例六示意图。12 is a schematic diagram of Embodiment 6 of the arc extinguishing device of the present invention.
图13是未采用本发明灭弧装置负载两端电压波形图之一。Fig. 13 is one of the voltage waveform diagrams at both ends of the load without using the arc extinguishing device of the present invention.
图14是采用本发明灭弧装置负载两端电压波形图之二。14 is the second waveform diagram of the voltage across the load of the arc extinguishing device of the present invention.
图15是采用本发明灭弧装置负载两端电压波形图之三。15 is the third waveform diagram of the voltage across the load of the arc extinguishing device of the present invention.
图16是采用本发明灭弧装置负载两端电压波形图之四。16 is the fourth waveform diagram of the voltage across the load of the arc extinguishing device of the present invention.
具体实施方式detailed description
本发明灭弧装置的实施例一，如图2所示： Embodiment 1 of the arc extinguishing device of the present invention is shown in FIG. 2:
一种灭弧装置，包括第一电容C1、检测开关A，检测开关A与第一电容C1连接，检测开关A用于检测负载M的两端的电压的变化速率(即负载M与机械开关K的共同端相对于负载M地端电压的变化速率)，负载M两端的电压的变化速率(下降速率)达到检测开关A开启值，检测开关A导通，第一电容C1通过检测开关A对负载M供电；An arc extinguishing device includes a first capacitor C1, a detection switch A, the detection switch A is connected to the first capacitor C1, the detection switch A is used to detect the rate of change of the voltage across the load M (ie, the load M and the mechanical switch K The rate of change of the common terminal relative to the ground voltage of the load M), the rate of change (falling rate) of the voltage across the load M reaches the opening value of the detection switch A, the detection switch A is turned on, and the first capacitor C1 passes the detection switch A to the load M powered by;
还包括一充电单元B，充电单元B由第一二极管D1、第一限流元件R1(电阻)串联组成；It also includes a charging unit B, which is composed of a first diode D1, a first current limiting element R1 (resistor) connected in series;
检测开关A：为半控型开关，包括第二电容C2、可控型器件SCR1、第二二极管D2(选项)，负载M两端的电压通过第一电容C1、第二二极管D2、第二电容C2驱动可控型器件SCR1导通；检测开关A的工作能量、电压信号由第一电容C1提供；第二二极管D2、第二电容C2的共同端与第一二极管D1、第一限流元件R1的共同端连接，第三二极管D3(选项)与可控型器件SCR1的触发极和阴极连接。Detection switch A: a semi-controlled switch, including a second capacitor C2, a controllable device SCR1, a second diode D2 (option), the voltage across the load M passes through the first capacitor C1, the second diode D2, The second capacitor C2 drives the controllable device SCR1 to turn on; the operating energy and voltage signal of the detection switch A are provided by the first capacitor C1; the common terminal of the second diode D2 and the second capacitor C2 and the first diode D1 1. The common terminal of the first current limiting element R1 is connected, and the third diode D3 (option) is connected to the trigger electrode and the cathode of the controllable device SCR1.
工作原理：机械开关K与负载M串联，机械开关K闭合，负载M两端的电压通过充电单元B对第一电容C1充电，当机械开关K出现闭合弹跳时或开关K分断时，第一电容C1通过第二二极管D2、第二电容C2驱动可控器件SCR1导通，第一电容C1通过可控器件SCR1对负载M供电，负载M两端的电压迅速上升，机械开关K两端电位差迅速下降，达到机械开关灭弧的目的。Working principle: The mechanical switch K is connected in series with the load M, the mechanical switch K is closed, and the voltage across the load M charges the first capacitor C1 through the charging unit B. When the mechanical switch K bounces closed or the switch K breaks, the first capacitor C1 The controllable device SCR1 is driven by the second diode D2 and the second capacitor C2, and the first capacitor C1 supplies power to the load M through the controllable device SCR1. The voltage across the load M rises rapidly, and the potential difference across the mechanical switch K is rapid Down to achieve the purpose of the mechanical switch extinguishing the arc.
本实施例，具有使用元器件数量少，电路简单的优点。This embodiment has the advantages of small number of components used and simple circuit.
本发明灭弧装置的实施例二，如图3所示：The second embodiment of the arc extinguishing device of the present invention is shown in FIG. 3:
一种灭弧装置，包括第一电容C1、检测开关A，检测开关A与第一电容C1连接，检测开关A用于检测负载M两端的电压，负载M两端的电压的变化速率(下降速率)达到检测开关A开启值，检测开关A导通，第一电容C1通过检测开关A对负载M供电；An arc extinguishing device includes a first capacitor C1, a detection switch A, the detection switch A is connected to the first capacitor C1, the detection switch A is used to detect the voltage across the load M, and the rate of change (fall rate) of the voltage across the load M When the detection switch A is turned on, the detection switch A is turned on, and the first capacitor C1 supplies power to the load M through the detection switch A;
还包括一充电单元B，充电单元B由第一二极管D1(选项)、第一限流元件R1(电阻)串联组成。A charging unit B is also included. The charging unit B is composed of a first diode D1 (option) and a first current limiting element R1 (resistor) connected in series.
检测开关A：为半控型开关，包括第二电容C2、可控型器件SCR1、第二限流元件R2(电阻，选项)、第二二极管D2(选项)，为三端电路(可作为多路机械开关复用第一电容C1用于多路机械开关灭弧的选择开关)，第二电容C2、由第二限流元件R2与第二二极管D2组成的并联电路、可控器件SCR1的触发极串联，检测开关A的第三端3也可以改为与第二端2连接，作为二端电路(检测开关A的工作能量、电压信号由第一电容C1提供)，第三二极管D3(选项)与可控型器件SCR1的触发极和阴极连接。Detection switch A: a semi-controlled switch, including a second capacitor C2, a controllable device SCR1, a second current limiting element R2 (resistance, option), a second diode D2 (option), a three-terminal circuit (possible As the multiplexed mechanical switch multiplexes the first capacitor C1 for the multiplexed mechanical switch arc extinguishing selector switch), the second capacitor C2, the parallel circuit composed of the second current limiting element R2 and the second diode D2, controllable The trigger electrode of the device SCR1 is connected in series, and the third terminal 3 of the detection switch A can also be connected to the second terminal 2 as a two-terminal circuit (the working energy and voltage signal of the detection switch A are provided by the first capacitor C1), the third Diode D3 (option) is connected to the trigger and cathode of the controllable device SCR1.
工作原理：机械开关K闭合，负载M两端的电压通过充电单元B对第一电容C1充电，负载M两端的电压对第二电容C2充电，当机械开关K出现闭合弹跳时或开关K分断时，第二电容C2驱动可控器件SCR1导通，第一电容C1通过可控器件SCR1对负载M供电，负载M两端的电压迅速上升，机械开关K两端电位差迅速下降，达到机械开关灭弧的目的。Working principle: The mechanical switch K is closed, the voltage across the load M charges the first capacitor C1 through the charging unit B, and the voltage across the load M charges the second capacitor C2. When the mechanical switch K bounces or the switch K breaks, The second capacitor C2 drives the controllable device SCR1 to turn on. The first capacitor C1 supplies power to the load M through the controllable device SCR1. The voltage across the load M rises rapidly, and the potential difference between the two ends of the mechanical switch K drops rapidly, reaching the arc extinguishment of the mechanical switch. purpose.
本实施例，第一电容C1的电源地端也可以改为与机械开关K的电源端的电源连接(如图4所示)，第三限流元件R3(电阻)用于对第一电容C1放电，充电单元B则变为放电单元B，当开关K出现闭合弹跳时(在弹跳闭合期间，第一电容C1通过机械开关K、放电单元B快速放电)或开关K分断时，第二电容C2驱动可控器件SCR1导通，电源通过第一电容C1、可控器件SCR1对负载M供电。In this embodiment, the ground terminal of the first capacitor C1 may also be connected to the power terminal of the mechanical switch K (as shown in FIG. 4), and the third current limiting element R3 (resistor) is used to discharge the first capacitor C1 , The charging unit B becomes the discharging unit B, when the switch K is closed and bouncing (during the bouncing and closing, the first capacitor C1 is quickly discharged through the mechanical switch K, the discharge unit B) or when the switch K is opened, the second capacitor C2 is driven The controllable device SCR1 is turned on, and the power supply supplies power to the load M through the first capacitor C1 and the controllable device SCR1.
本发明灭弧装置的实施例三，如图5所示：The third embodiment of the arc extinguishing device of the present invention is shown in FIG. 5:
一种灭弧装置，包括第一电容C1、检测开关A，检测开关A与第一电容C1连接，检测开关A用于检测负载M两端的电压，负载M两端的电压的变化速率(下降速率)达到检测开关A开启值，检测开关A导通，第一电容C1通过检测开关A对负载M供电；An arc extinguishing device includes a first capacitor C1, a detection switch A, the detection switch A is connected to the first capacitor C1, the detection switch A is used to detect the voltage across the load M, and the rate of change (fall rate) of the voltage across the load M When the detection switch A is turned on, the detection switch A is turned on, and the first capacitor C1 supplies power to the load M through the detection switch A;
检测开关A：为半控型开关，其由第二电容C2、可控型器件SCR1、延时单元C组成，为二端电路，检测开关A的工作能量、电压信号由第一电容C1提供；检测开关A的第三端3也可以改为与地连接，作为三端电路(当为三端电路时，第一电容C1的接地端可以改为与机械开关K的电源端的电源连接)，电压信号通过第二电容C2传递至延时单元C，延时 单元C驱动可控型器件SCR1导通。Detection switch A: It is a semi-controlled switch, which is composed of a second capacitor C2, a controllable device SCR1, and a delay unit C. It is a two-terminal circuit. The working energy and voltage signal of the detection switch A are provided by the first capacitor C1; The third terminal 3 of the detection switch A can also be connected to ground as a three-terminal circuit (when it is a three-terminal circuit, the ground terminal of the first capacitor C1 can be changed to the power supply of the power supply terminal of the mechanical switch K), voltage The signal is transferred to the delay unit C through the second capacitor C2, and the delay unit C drives the controllable device SCR1 to be turned on.
延时单元C：如图6所示，由供电电路(第五限流元件R5、第五稳压器件Z5)、延时电路(晶体管Q1、半导体器件Z7、第四电容C4)、半控型开关(晶闸管SCR2，其也可以采用如图8所示的电路替代)电路组成，第一电容C1提供的电源通过第五元件R5限流，第五稳压器件Z5稳压为延时电路提供工作能量，第二电容C2、第二限流元件R2(电阻)与第二二极管D2组成的并联电路、延时单元C的输入回路串联，为增加驱动力，也可以采用图7的电路，注：图6、图7、图8所示的电路为优选例，也可以采用其它数字电路。Delay unit C: As shown in Fig. 6, it consists of power supply circuit (fifth current limiting element R5, fifth voltage stabilizing device Z5), delay circuit (transistor Q1, semiconductor device Z7, fourth capacitor C4), semi-controlled type The switch (thyristor SCR2, which can also be replaced by the circuit shown in FIG. 8) circuit, the power provided by the first capacitor C1 is limited by the fifth element R5, the fifth voltage stabilizing device Z5 voltage regulator provides work for the delay circuit Energy, the second capacitor C2, the second current-limiting element R2 (resistor) and the parallel circuit composed of the second diode D2, and the input circuit of the delay unit C are connected in series. To increase the driving force, the circuit of FIG. 7 can also be used. Note: The circuits shown in Figures 6, 7, and 8 are preferred examples, and other digital circuits may also be used.
工作原理：机械开关K与负载M串联，机械开关K闭合，负载M两端的电压通过检测开关A(通过其内部电路，也可以增加充电单元B，可参考图3)对第一电容C1充电，负载M两端的电压对第二电容C2充电，当机械开关K分断过程中，第二电容C2驱动半控型开关SCR2导通，通过延时电路驱动可控型器件SCR1导通(延时时间要大于100微秒，使得机械开关K的触点间有一定的开距)，第一电容C1通过可控器件SCR1对负载M供电，负载M两端的电压迅速上升，机械开关K两端电位差迅速下降，达到机械开关灭弧的目的。Working principle: The mechanical switch K is connected in series with the load M, the mechanical switch K is closed, and the voltage across the load M passes the detection switch A (through its internal circuit, a charging unit B can also be added, refer to FIG. 3) to charge the first capacitor C1, The voltage across the load M charges the second capacitor C2. When the mechanical switch K is disconnected, the second capacitor C2 drives the semi-controlled switch SCR2 to turn on, and drives the controllable device SCR1 to turn on through the delay circuit (the delay time must be More than 100 microseconds, so that there is a certain distance between the contacts of the mechanical switch K), the first capacitor C1 supplies power to the load M through the controllable device SCR1, the voltage across the load M rises rapidly, and the potential difference between the two ends of the mechanical switch K is rapid Down to achieve the purpose of the mechanical switch extinguishing the arc.
在高电压大电流场合，为进一步提升灭弧稳定性，可采用如图9所示电路：In the case of high voltage and high current, in order to further improve the stability of arc extinguishing, the circuit shown in Figure 9 can be used:
其在图5的基础上，还包括第三电容C3、第四限流元件R4(电阻)、第一充电单元B1(由第一二极管D1与第一限流元件R1串联组成；或二者选一)、第一稳压器件Z1(选项)、第二充电单元B2(选项，由第十限流元件、第十二极管串联组成，或二者选一)，第三电容C3、第四限流元件R4组成第一串联电路；第一充电单元B1、第一电容C1组成第二串联电路；第一电容C1、检测开关A、第三电容C3组成第三串联电路，负载M两端的电压利用第一串联电路对第三电容C3充电，负载M两端的电压利用第二串联电路对第一电容C1充电；第三电容C3、第二充电单元B2、第一电容C1组成第四串联电路，负载M两端的电压利用第四串联电路对第一电容C1、第三电容C3充电。第一稳压器件Z1与第三电容C3并联，在机械开关K分断过程中，第三串联电路对负载M供电。Based on FIG. 5, it also includes a third capacitor C3, a fourth current limiting element R4 (resistor), and a first charging unit B1 (composed of a first diode D1 and a first current limiting element R1 connected in series; or two Choose one), the first voltage stabilizing device Z1 (option), the second charging unit B2 (option, consisting of the tenth current limiting element, the tenth diode in series, or one of the two), the third capacitor C3, The fourth current limiting element R4 forms a first series circuit; the first charging unit B1, the first capacitor C1 form a second series circuit; the first capacitor C1, the detection switch A, and the third capacitor C3 form a third series circuit, and the load M is two The voltage at the terminal uses the first series circuit to charge the third capacitor C3, and the voltage across the load M uses the second series circuit to charge the first capacitor C1; the third capacitor C3, the second charging unit B2, and the first capacitor C1 form a fourth series In the circuit, the voltage across the load M charges the first capacitor C1 and the third capacitor C3 using the fourth series circuit. The first voltage stabilizing device Z1 is connected in parallel with the third capacitor C3. During the breaking process of the mechanical switch K, the third series circuit supplies power to the load M.
第三电容C3并联的第九二极管D9，第一电容C1并联的第八二极管D8用于形成电容的放电回路。The ninth diode D9 connected in parallel with the third capacitor C3 and the eighth diode D8 connected in parallel with the first capacitor C1 are used to form a discharge circuit of the capacitor.
本实施例，第三电容C3的容量(为节约体积，减低成本可采用电解电容)大于第一电容C1的容量，本实施例的检测开关A也可以应用于本发明实施例二。In this embodiment, the capacity of the third capacitor C3 (electrolytic capacitors can be used to save volume and reduce cost) is larger than the capacity of the first capacitor C1. The detection switch A of this embodiment can also be applied to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
本实施例，采用较小容量的第一电容C1也能达到稳定的灭弧效果，尤其适合于高电压大电流的场合，具有成本低、体积小、灭弧稳定的优点。In this embodiment, the first capacitor C1 with a smaller capacity can also achieve a stable arc extinguishing effect, which is particularly suitable for high voltage and high current occasions, and has the advantages of low cost, small size, and stable arc extinguishing.
本发明灭弧装置的实施例四，如图10所示：The fourth embodiment of the arc extinguishing device of the present invention is shown in FIG. 10:
为方便使用，产品认证，标准化批量生产，对以上所述的实施例，采用绝缘材料封装成器件(其具体外形可以根据需要灵活设计)；当采用以上实施例第一电容C1的接地端改为与机械开关K的电源端的电源连接时，增加一引脚即可。For ease of use, product certification, and standardized mass production, the above-mentioned embodiments are packaged with insulating materials into devices (the specific shape of which can be flexibly designed as needed); when the grounding terminal of the first capacitor C1 in the above embodiment is changed to When connecting with the power supply of the power supply end of the mechanical switch K, just add one pin.
以上实施例，灭弧装置为二端电路、或三端电路，具有使用方便的优点。In the above embodiments, the arc extinguishing device is a two-terminal circuit or a three-terminal circuit, which has the advantage of convenient use.
本发明灭弧装置的实施例五，如图11所示：The fifth embodiment of the arc extinguishing device of the present invention is shown in FIG. 11:
一种灭弧装置，包括第一电容C1、检测开关A、控制单元D、第一开关S1(半导体开关，半控型器件，单向晶闸管)，检测开关A与第一电容C1连接，检测开关A用于检测负载M两端的电压，负载M两端的电压的变化速率(下降速率)达到检测开关A开启值，检测开关A导通，然后控制单元D控制第一开关S1导通，第一电容C1通过检测开关A对负载M供电；在机械开关K分断过程中，且在机械开关的触点分断100微秒后(选项)，第一开关S1导通，第一电容C1、第一开关S1、检测开关A组成串联电路用于对负载M供电。An arc extinguishing device includes a first capacitor C1, a detection switch A, a control unit D, a first switch S1 (semiconductor switch, semi-controlled device, unidirectional thyristor), the detection switch A is connected to the first capacitor C1, the detection switch A is used to detect the voltage across the load M. The rate of change (falling rate) of the voltage across the load M reaches the opening value of the detection switch A, the detection switch A is turned on, and then the control unit D controls the first switch S1 to turn on, and the first capacitor C1 supplies power to the load M through the detection switch A; in the process of the mechanical switch K breaking, and after the contact of the mechanical switch is broken for 100 microseconds (option), the first switch S1 is turned on, the first capacitor C1, the first switch S1 3. The detection switch A forms a series circuit for powering the load M.
检测开关A：为半控型开关，采用可控型器件SCR1与第二电容C2组成，为三端电路(第二电容C2的一端也可以改为与机械开关K的电源端的电源连接)，建议采用图3、图4所示的检测开关A，用于多路机械开关灭弧选择开关。为防止可控型器件SCR1损坏影响其它负载工作，并提升可控型器件SCR1工作的可靠性，可控型器件SCR1串联第四二极管D4(电路设计为第四二极管D4工作可靠性要高于可控型器件SCR1，为选项)。Detection switch A: It is a semi-controlled switch, which is composed of a controllable device SCR1 and a second capacitor C2. It is a three-terminal circuit (one end of the second capacitor C2 can also be changed to the power supply of the power supply terminal of the mechanical switch K), it is recommended The detection switch A shown in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 is used for the arc extinguishing selection switch of the multi-path mechanical switch. In order to prevent the damage of the controllable device SCR1 from affecting other loads and to improve the reliability of the controllable device SCR1, the controllable device SCR1 is connected in series with a fourth diode D4 (the circuit is designed to work with the fourth diode D4 Higher than the controllable device SCR1, optional).
第一电容C1与第一开关S1组成的串联电路与检测开关A之间，连接一用于检测检测开关A导通的光耦检测单元(由第十一电阻R11与光耦OPT1串联组成；其电源由机械开关K的电源端的电源提供，也可以改为由第一电容C1提供；光耦OPT1输出信号传递至控制单元D)，检测开关A还连接第五电容C5，第二电容C2驱动可控型器件SCR1(半控型器件)导通，一电源(其电源由机械开关K的电源端的电源提供，也可以改为由第一电容C1提供)通过第五电容C5、可控型器件SCR1对负载M供电，通过第五电容C5的峰值电流需大于可控型器件SCR1的维持电流，然后第五电容C5快速进入高阻态，由于光耦检测单元对可控型器件SCR1施加了电压，可控型器件SCR1能持续保持二毫秒左右导通状态，方便这个期间控制单元D控制第一开关S1导通。Between the series circuit composed of the first capacitor C1 and the first switch S1 and the detection switch A, an optocoupler detection unit for detecting the conduction of the detection switch A is connected (composed of an eleventh resistor R11 and the optocoupler OPT1 connected in series; The power supply is provided by the power supply of the mechanical switch K, or it can be provided by the first capacitor C1; the output signal of the optocoupler OPT1 is passed to the control unit D), the detection switch A is also connected to the fifth capacitor C5, and the second capacitor C2 can be driven The control device SCR1 (semi-control device) is turned on, and a power supply (the power supply of which is provided by the power supply of the mechanical switch K, or it can be provided by the first capacitor C1) through the fifth capacitor C5, the controllable device SCR1 To supply power to the load M, the peak current through the fifth capacitor C5 needs to be greater than the sustain current of the controllable device SCR1, and then the fifth capacitor C5 quickly enters a high-impedance state, because the optocoupler detection unit applies a voltage to the controllable device SCR1, The controllable device SCR1 can keep on for about two milliseconds, which is convenient for the control unit D to control the first switch S1 to be on during this period.
工作原理：机械开关K闭合，负载M两端的电压对第二电容C2充电，当机械开关K分断过程中，第二电容C2驱动可控型器件SCR1导通，然后控制单元D控制第一开关S1导通(第一开关S1在可控型器件SCR1导通后要大于100微秒导通，使得机械开关K的触点间有一定的开距)，第一电容C1、第一开关S1、第四二极管D4(选项)、检测开关A组成的串联电路对负载M供电，负载M两端的电压迅速上升，机械开关K两端电位差迅速下 降，达到机械开关灭弧的目的。Working principle: The mechanical switch K is closed, and the voltage across the load M charges the second capacitor C2. When the mechanical switch K is disconnected, the second capacitor C2 drives the controllable device SCR1 to turn on, and then the control unit D controls the first switch S1 Conduction (the first switch S1 should be greater than 100 microseconds after the controllable device SCR1 is turned on, so that the contacts of the mechanical switch K have a certain opening distance), the first capacitor C1, the first switch S1, the first The series circuit composed of four diodes D4 (option) and detection switch A supplies power to the load M. The voltage across the load M rises rapidly, and the potential difference across the mechanical switch K decreases rapidly, so that the mechanical switch is extinguished.
本实施例，控制单元D用于对第一电容C1充电，或放电，或充电(反向预先充电，当第一电容C1与PA端连接时)及放电；PA端可以与机械开关K的电源端的电源连接，机械开关、检测开关、负载数量为一，也可以为二，或二以上，共用第一电容C1、第一开关S1、控制单元D，可以对多路开关灭弧及管理。In this embodiment, the control unit D is used to charge, or discharge, or charge (reverse pre-charge, when the first capacitor C1 is connected to the PA terminal) and discharge; the PA terminal can be connected to the power supply of the mechanical switch K The power connection at the terminal, the number of mechanical switches, detection switches, and loads are one, or two or more, and share the first capacitor C1, the first switch S1, and the control unit D, which can extinguish and manage the multi-way switch.
本实施例，采用较小容量的第一电容C1也能达到稳定的灭弧效果，尤其适合于高电压大电流的场合，具有成本低、灭弧稳定的优点。In this embodiment, the first capacitor C1 with a smaller capacity can also achieve a stable arc extinguishing effect, and is particularly suitable for high voltage and high current occasions, and has the advantages of low cost and stable arc extinguishing.
本发明灭弧装置的实施例六，如图12所示：The sixth embodiment of the arc extinguishing device of the present invention is shown in FIG. 12:
对以上所述灭弧装置实施例五放置一外壳内，作为一通用性强的产品，通过端子与外部各路机械开关、上位机等连接，方便安全认证，普及推广使用，其具体外形可以根据需要灵活设计。The fifth embodiment of the arc extinguishing device described above is placed in a housing. As a versatile product, it is connected to external mechanical switches and host computers through terminals to facilitate safety certification and popularization. Its specific shape can be based on Need flexible design.
以上实施例，利用检测开关A检测负载M与机械开关K的共同端的电压的变化速率，由于电源的电压波动或纹波相对于机械开关K分断瞬间引起的电压变化速率缓慢得多，第二电容C2呈现为高阻抗，无法满足可控器件SCR1的驱动电流要求，本发明，尤其适合于电动汽车等电池供电***、或交流整流供电***等电压波动大或纹波大的场合使用。In the above embodiment, the detection switch A is used to detect the change rate of the voltage at the common terminal of the load M and the mechanical switch K. Since the voltage fluctuation or ripple of the power supply is much slower than the mechanical switch K at the moment of breaking, the second capacitor C2 presents a high impedance and cannot meet the drive current requirements of the controllable device SCR1. The present invention is particularly suitable for battery power supply systems such as electric vehicles or AC rectification power supply systems where the voltage fluctuation or ripple is large.
以上实施例，检测开关A的电压信号也可以采用由机械开关K的电源端的电源提供(即机械开关K两端电压，检测电压的上升速率)，但非优选技术方案，因为检测开关A输入回路会影响机械开关K绝缘耐压，同时在机械开关K常开状态下，检测开关A输入回路与负载M为串联关系，也存在一定的安全风险，优选例为采用检测开关A检测负载M两端的电压(也可以通过第一电容C1检测负载M两端的电压，即检测机械开关K与负载M共同端对第一电容C1之间的电压)，其最大优势还有方便抑制机械开关K闭合时对检测开关A的电流冲击，同时可以不影响到检测电压的变化速率的分辨率。In the above embodiment, the voltage signal of the detection switch A can also be provided by the power supply of the power supply terminal of the mechanical switch K (that is, the voltage across the mechanical switch K to detect the rise rate of the voltage), but it is not a preferred technical solution because the input loop of the detection switch A is It will affect the insulation withstand voltage of the mechanical switch K. At the same time, in the normally open state of the mechanical switch K, the input circuit of the detection switch A is in series with the load M. There is also a certain safety risk. The preferred example is to use the detection switch A to detect the two ends of the load M. Voltage (you can also use the first capacitor C1 to detect the voltage across the load M, that is, the voltage between the common terminal of the mechanical switch K and the load M to the first capacitor C1), its greatest advantage is also convenient to suppress the mechanical switch K when closed The current impact of the switch A is detected without affecting the resolution of the change rate of the detected voltage.
以上实施例，第一电容C1与检测开关A组成一串联电路，负载M与串联电路并联，检测开关A的输入回路与检测开关A的输出回路非电气隔离；检测开关A为半控型开关，其包括可控型器件SCR1(为半控型器件，单向晶闸管，也可以采用全控型半导体器件组成的半控型开关替代，如晶闸管等效电路)。In the above embodiment, the first capacitor C1 and the detection switch A form a series circuit, the load M is connected in parallel with the series circuit, the input circuit of the detection switch A and the output circuit of the detection switch A are not electrically isolated; the detection switch A is a semi-controlled switch, It includes a controllable device SCR1 (a semi-controlled device, a unidirectional thyristor, or a semi-controlled switch composed of a fully controlled semiconductor device, such as a thyristor equivalent circuit).
以上实施例，本发明灭弧装置的检测开关A采用第二电容、半导体器件(二极管、半控型器件)、电阻(选项)组成，为二端电路，或为三端电路，检测开关的供电电源由第一电容，第二电容提供，由负载两端电压非隔离提供；具有电路简单、成本低、过载能力强的优点；本发明负载的定义也可以包括为工作负载连接的线路。In the above embodiment, the detection switch A of the arc extinguishing device of the present invention is composed of a second capacitor, a semiconductor device (diode, semi-controlled device), and a resistor (option), which is a two-terminal circuit or a three-terminal circuit, and detects the power supply of the switch The power supply is provided by the first capacitor and the second capacitor, and is provided by the non-isolated voltage at both ends of the load; it has the advantages of simple circuit, low cost, and strong overload capacity; the definition of the load of the present invention may also include a line connected to the working load.
以上实施例，检测开关A通过第二电容C2耦合输入信号，利用可控型器件SCR1的触发极串联第二电容C2与负载M(地端)连接，或与机械开关K的电源端的电源连接，具有无泄漏电流、损耗小的优点。In the above embodiment, the detection switch A is coupled with the input signal through the second capacitor C2, and the second capacitor C2 is connected in series with the trigger M of the controllable device SCR1 to the load M (ground), or to the power supply of the power supply end of the mechanical switch K, It has the advantages of no leakage current and low loss.
图13是未采用本发明灭弧装置负载M两端的电压波形图；13 is a voltage waveform diagram across the load M of the arc extinguishing device of the present invention is not used;
图14是采用本发明灭弧装置实施例二，且第一电容C1采用小容量电容时负载M两端的电压波形图；14 is a voltage waveform diagram across the load M when the second embodiment of the arc extinguishing device of the present invention is adopted and the first capacitor C1 uses a small-capacity capacitor;
图15是采用本发明灭弧装置实施例二，且第一电容C1采用大容量电容时负载M两端的电压波形图；15 is a voltage waveform diagram across the load M when the second embodiment of the arc extinguishing device of the present invention is adopted, and the first capacitor C1 uses a large-capacity capacitor;
图16是采用本发明灭弧装置实施例三，或实施例四，且第一电容C1采用小容量电容时负载M两端的电压波形图；16 is a voltage waveform diagram across the load M when the third or fourth embodiment of the arc extinguishing device of the present invention is used, and the first capacitor C1 uses a small-capacity capacitor;
根据波形图对比很明显观察出本发明不同实施例的技术效果，本发明灭弧装置可大大缩短燃弧时间，甚至可实现机械开关无电弧分断的目的。The technical effects of different embodiments of the present invention are clearly observed based on the comparison of the waveform diagrams. The arc extinguishing device of the present invention can greatly shorten the arcing time, and can even achieve the purpose of the mechanical switch without arc interruption.
综上所述，本发明具有抗电压波动能力强、灭弧效果好的优点。In summary, the present invention has the advantages of strong resistance to voltage fluctuation and good arc extinguishing effect.

Claims (25)

  1. 一种灭弧装置，其特征是：包括第一电容、一检测开关，所述检测开关与所述第一电容连接，所述检测开关用于检测负载与机械开关的共同端的电压的变化速率，所述变化速率达到所述检测开关开启值，所述检测开关导通，所述第一电容通过所述检测开关对所述负载供电。An arc extinguishing device is characterized by comprising a first capacitor and a detection switch, the detection switch is connected to the first capacitor, the detection switch is used to detect the rate of change of the voltage at the common terminal of the load and the mechanical switch, The change rate reaches the detection switch on value, the detection switch is turned on, and the first capacitor supplies power to the load through the detection switch.
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的灭弧装置，其特征是：所述检测开关为半控型开关；为二端电路，或为三端电路。The arc extinguishing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the detection switch is a semi-controlled switch; a two-terminal circuit, or a three-terminal circuit.
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的灭弧装置，其特征是：所述检测开关的输入回路与所述检测开关的输出回路非电气隔离。The arc extinguishing device according to claim 1, wherein the input circuit of the detection switch and the output circuit of the detection switch are not electrically isolated.
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的灭弧装置，其特征是：所述第一电容与所述机械开关的电源端的电源连接。The arc extinguishing device according to claim 1, wherein the first capacitor is connected to the power supply of the power supply end of the mechanical switch.
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的灭弧装置，其特征是：所述变化速率为下降速率，所述电压为所述负载两端的电压，或所述共同端与所述第一电容之间的电压；或所述变化速率为上升速率，所述电压为所述机械开关两端的电压。The arc extinguishing device according to claim 1, wherein the rate of change is a rate of decrease, and the voltage is a voltage across the load, or a voltage between the common terminal and the first capacitor; Or the rate of change is the rate of rise, and the voltage is the voltage across the mechanical switch.
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的灭弧装置，其特征是：所述检测开关包括第二电容、一可控型器件，所述电压通过所述第二电容驱动所述可控型器件导通；或所述电压通过所述第一电容、所述第二电容驱动所述可控型器件导通，所述检测开关的工作能量、电压信号由所述第一电容提供。The arc extinguishing device according to claim 5, wherein the detection switch includes a second capacitor and a controllable device, and the voltage drives the controllable device to conduct through the second capacitor; or The voltage drives the controllable device through the first capacitor and the second capacitor, and the operating energy and voltage signal of the detection switch are provided by the first capacitor.
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的灭弧装置，其特征是：所述检测开关由第二电容、电阻、半导体器件组成。The arc extinguishing device according to claim 5, wherein the detection switch is composed of a second capacitor, a resistor, and a semiconductor device.
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的灭弧装置，其特征是：所述检测开关包括一可控型器件，第二电容，所述电压对所述第二电容充电，在所述变化速率达到所述检测开关开启值时，所述第二电容驱动所述可控器件导通。The arc extinguishing device according to claim 1, wherein the detection switch includes a controllable device, a second capacitor, the voltage charges the second capacitor, and the detection is reached at the rate of change When the switch is turned on, the second capacitor drives the controllable device to turn on.
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的灭弧装置，其特征是：所述可控型器件为半控型器件。The arc extinguishing device according to claim 8, wherein the controllable device is a semi-controlled device.
  10. 根据权利要求8所述的灭弧装置，其特征是：还包括由第二限流元件、第二二极管组成的并联电路，所述第二电容、所述并联电路、所述可控器件的触发极串联。The arc extinguishing device according to claim 8, further comprising a parallel circuit composed of a second current limiting element and a second diode, the second capacitor, the parallel circuit, and the controllable device Is connected in series.
  11. 根据权利要求1所述的灭弧装置，其特征是：所述电压为所述负载两端的电压，所述检测开关包括一可控型器件，第二电容，所述第一电容通过所述第二电容驱动所述可控器件导通；还包括一充电单元，所述充电单元由第一二极管、第一限流元件串联组成，所述电压通过所述充电单元对所述第一电容充电；所述检测开关还包括第二二极管，所述第一电容通过所述第二二极管、所述第二电容驱动所述可控器件导通；所述第二二极管、所述第二电容的 共同端与所述第一二极管、所述第一限流元件的共同端连接。The arc extinguishing device according to claim 1, wherein the voltage is a voltage across the load, the detection switch includes a controllable device, a second capacitor, and the first capacitor passes the Two capacitors drive the controllable device to turn on; it also includes a charging unit, which is composed of a first diode and a first current limiting element connected in series, and the voltage passes through the charging unit to the first capacitor Charging; the detection switch further includes a second diode, and the first capacitor drives the controllable device to turn on through the second diode and the second capacitor; the second diode, The common terminal of the second capacitor is connected to the common terminal of the first diode and the first current limiting element.
  12. 根据权利要求1至10所述的灭弧装置，其特征是：还包括一用于对所述第一电容充电的充电单元。The arc extinguishing device according to claims 1 to 10, further comprising a charging unit for charging the first capacitor.
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的灭弧装置，其特征是：所述充电单元为第一限流元件，或由第一二极管、第一限流元件串联组成，所述电压通过所述充电单元对所述第一电容充电。The arc extinguishing device according to claim 12, wherein the charging unit is a first current limiting element, or is composed of a first diode and a first current limiting element connected in series, and the voltage passes through the charging unit Charge the first capacitor.
  14. 根据权利要求12所述的灭弧装置，其特征是：其采用绝缘材料封装成器件。The arc extinguishing device according to claim 12, characterized in that it is packaged into a device using an insulating material.
  15. 根据权利要求1至5所述的灭弧装置，其特征是：所述检测开关由第二电容、一可控型器件、一延时单元组成，所述电压信号通过所述第二电容传递至所述延时单元，所述延时单元驱动所述可控型器件导通。The arc extinguishing device according to claims 1 to 5, wherein the detection switch is composed of a second capacitor, a controllable device, and a delay unit, and the voltage signal is transmitted to the second capacitor The delay unit drives the controllable device to turn on.
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的灭弧装置，其特征是：所述延时单元由供电电路、延时电路、半控型开关电路组成，所述供电电路由第五限流元件、第五稳压器件组成，所述第一电容提供的工作电源通过所述第五元件限流，所述第五稳压器件稳压为所述延时电路提供工作能量。The arc extinguishing device according to claim 15, wherein the delay unit is composed of a power supply circuit, a delay circuit, and a semi-controlled switching circuit, and the power supply circuit is composed of a fifth current limiting element and a fifth voltage regulator The device is composed of an operating power supply provided by the first capacitor through the fifth element, and the fifth voltage stabilizing device regulates voltage to provide operating energy for the delay circuit.
  17. 根据权利要求15所述的灭弧装置，其特征是：还包括第三电容、第四限流元件、第一充电单元，所述电压为所述负载两端的电压，所述第三电容、所述第四限流元件组成第一串联电路；所述第一充电单元、所述第一电容组成第二串联电路；所述第一电容、所述检测开关、所述第三电容组成第三串联电路，所述电压利用所述第一串联电路对所述第三电容充电，所述电压利用所述第二串联电路对所述第一电容充电，在所述机械开关分断过程中，所述第三串联电路对所述负载供电。The arc extinguishing device according to claim 15, further comprising: a third capacitor, a fourth current limiting element, and a first charging unit, the voltage is the voltage across the load, the third capacitor, all The fourth current limiting element constitutes a first series circuit; the first charging unit and the first capacitor constitute a second series circuit; the first capacitor, the detection switch, and the third capacitor constitute a third series Circuit, the voltage uses the first series circuit to charge the third capacitor, the voltage uses the second series circuit to charge the first capacitor, and during the mechanical switch breaking process, the first Three series circuits power the load.
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的灭弧装置，其特征是：还包括第一稳压器件，所述第一稳压器件与所述第三电容并联，所述第三电容或并联一二极管。The arc extinguishing device according to claim 17, further comprising a first voltage stabilizing device, the first voltage stabilizing device is connected in parallel with the third capacitor, and the third capacitor or a diode is connected in parallel.
  19. 根据权利要求18所述的灭弧装置，其特征是：还包括第二充电单元，所述第三电容的容量大于所述第一电容的容量，所述第三电容、所述第二充电单元、所述第一电容组成第四串联电路，所述电压利用第四串联电路对所述第一电容、所述第三电容充电。The arc extinguishing device according to claim 18, further comprising a second charging unit, the capacity of the third capacitor is greater than that of the first capacitor, the third capacitor, the second charging unit The first capacitor forms a fourth series circuit, and the voltage uses the fourth series circuit to charge the first capacitor and the third capacitor.
  20. 根据权利要求15所述的灭弧装置，其特征是：其采用绝缘材料封装成器件。The arc extinguishing device according to claim 15, characterized in that it is packaged into a device using an insulating material.
  21. 根据权利要求1至10所述的灭弧装置，其特征是：还包括一控制单元、第一开关，所述第一电容、所述第一开关、所述检测开关组成串联电路，所述控制单元在所述机械开关分断过程中，所述串联电路用于对所述负载供电。The arc extinguishing device according to claims 1 to 10, characterized in that it further comprises a control unit, a first switch, the first capacitor, the first switch, and the detection switch form a series circuit, and the control During the process of the mechanical switch breaking, the series circuit is used to supply power to the load.
  22. 根据权利要求21灭弧装置，其特征是：其放置一外壳内，通过端子与所述机械开关连接。The arc extinguishing device according to claim 21, characterized in that it is placed in a housing and connected to the mechanical switch through a terminal.
  23. 根据权利要求21灭弧装置，其特征是：所述第一电容与所述第一开关组成的串联电路 与所述检测开关之间，连接一用于所述检测检测开关导通的光耦检测单元，所述光耦检测单元的输出信号传递至所述控制单元，所述检测开关还连接第五电容，一电源通过所述第五电容、所述检测开关对所述负载供电。The arc extinguishing device according to claim 21, characterized in that: a photocoupler for conducting the detection detection switch is connected between the series circuit composed of the first capacitor and the first switch and the detection switch Unit, the output signal of the optocoupler detection unit is transferred to the control unit, the detection switch is also connected to a fifth capacitor, and a power supply supplies power to the load through the fifth capacitor and the detection switch.
  24. 根据权利要求1至5所述的灭弧装置，其特征是：还包括一放电单元，所述第一电容与所述机械开关的电源端的电源连接，所述第一电容通过所述机械开关、所述放电单元放电。The arc extinguishing device according to claims 1 to 5, characterized by further comprising a discharge unit, the first capacitor is connected to the power supply of the power supply terminal of the mechanical switch, the first capacitor passes through the mechanical switch, The discharge unit discharges.
  25. 根据权利要求24所述的灭弧装置，其特征是：所述放电单元由第一二极管、第一限流元件串联组成。The arc extinguishing device according to claim 24, wherein the discharge unit is composed of a first diode and a first current limiting element connected in series.
PCT/CN2019/112888 2018-10-25 2019-10-24 Arc-extinguishing apparatus WO2020083323A1 (en)

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CN101256907A (en) * 2008-03-20 2008-09-03 上海交通大学 Non-arc breaking circuit based on variable capacitance and method thereof
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