WO2017125056A1 - 过零检测装置及同步开关 - Google Patents
过零检测装置及同步开关 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017125056A1 WO2017125056A1 PCT/CN2017/071793 CN2017071793W WO2017125056A1 WO 2017125056 A1 WO2017125056 A1 WO 2017125056A1 CN 2017071793 W CN2017071793 W CN 2017071793W WO 2017125056 A1 WO2017125056 A1 WO 2017125056A1
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- transistor
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- switch
- photocoupler
- control unit
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
- H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
- H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
Definitions
- the zero-crossing detecting device and the synchronous switch of the invention belong to the field of electricity, in particular to a zero-crossing detecting device suitable for use as a zero-crossing detection in contactors, relays, and other mechanical switches, and a synchronous switch that does not require a current sensor.
- a photocoupler is widely used in series with a current limiting resistor to form a zero-crossing detecting device. Since the optocoupler has a large driving current and a large dispersion of the driving current, the current limiting resistor has a large energy consumption and the detecting zero-crossing blind zone is large.
- the disadvantage in the 220V AC system, generally more than ten volts is not suitable for the detection of the disconnection of the mechanical switch in the synchronous switch.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a zero-crossing detecting device with low energy consumption, low cost, high detection precision, and can be used in a synchronous switch, and a current-free operation, in view of the deficiencies of the conventional zero-crossing detecting device. Synchronous switch with low cost and high precision.
- a zero-crossing detecting device comprises a semiconductor switch, a first current limiting component, a first photocoupler, a rectifying device and a capacitor, wherein the control end of the semiconductor switch is connected to the signal source to be detected through the first current limiting component
- the working power source charges the capacitor through the rectifying device, and the capacitor forms a discharge loop through the control end of the first photocoupler and the semiconductor switch, and the first photocoupler outputs a detection signal.
- a zero-crossing detecting device the semiconductor switch is turned on when detecting that the signal source voltage is greater than zero.
- a zero-crossing detecting device comprising a transistor, or a Darlington tube, or a Darlington circuit, or a transistor driving transistor circuit.
- a zero-crossing detection device the working power supply is provided by a transformer output winding.
- a zero-crossing detecting device is a half-wave detecting circuit.
- a zero-crossing detecting device comprises a second current limiting component and a voltage stabilizing device.
- the second current limiting component is connected in series with the rectifying device, the voltage stabilizing device is connected in parallel with the capacitor, or the voltage stabilizing device is connected in parallel with the capacitor through the rectifying device.
- a zero-crossing detection device in which the operating power is supplied by a neutral line or with another phase line relative to the signal source.
- a synchronous switch comprising the zero-crossing detecting device, further comprising a control unit and a mechanical switch, wherein the control unit is connected to the mechanical switch, and the control end of the semiconductor switch is connected to the mechanical switch through the first current limiting component Then, the first photocoupler output signal is transmitted to the control unit.
- control unit adjusts a time parameter for controlling the closing or breaking of the mechanical switch according to the signal output by the first photocoupler.
- a synchronous switch is connected to a second photocoupler for controlling a discharge loop, and a control end of the second photocoupler is connected to the control unit.
- a synchronous switch in the closed working process, the control unit provides a second optocoupler control signal, and the control mechanical switch is closed after the discharge circuit is turned on.
- a synchronous switch further includes a unidirectional thyristor, the unidirectional thyristor is connected in parallel with the mechanical switch, and the control end of the semiconductor switch is connected to the anode of the unidirectional thyristor through the first current limiting element, and the capacitor passes through the trigger pole of the semiconductor switch and the unidirectional thyristor
- the cathode of the unidirectional thyristor forms a driving circuit
- the semiconductor switch is used for detecting the conduction time of the unidirectional thyristor
- the control unit adjusts the time parameter of the mechanical switch according to the conduction time of the unidirectional thyristor.
- a synchronous switch is connected to a second photocoupler for controlling a discharge loop, and a control end of the second photocoupler is connected to the control unit.
- a synchronous switch in the closed working process, the control unit first provides a second optocoupler control signal, and the control mechanical switch is closed within a quarter of a cycle after the zero-way conduction of the unidirectional thyristor.
- a synchronous switch in the working process of the breaking, the control unit controls the mechanical switch to be disconnected, and the one-way thyristor conduction time is less than half a cycle.
- a synchronous switch the semiconductor switch comprises a first transistor, a second transistor, a diode, the first transistor is a PNP transistor, the second transistor is an NPN transistor, and the base of the second transistor passes through the first current limiting component and the unidirectional thyristor
- the anode is connected, the emitter of the second transistor is connected to the cathode of the unidirectional thyristor, the collector of the second transistor is connected to the base of the first transistor, and the emitter of the first transistor and the collector of the first transistor are connected in series in the discharge loop
- the diode is in anti-parallel with the emitter of the second transistor and the base of the second transistor.
- the zero-crossing detecting device of the invention has the advantages of simple circuit, high detection precision and low cost.
- the synchronous switch of the present invention using the zero-crossing detecting device of the present invention has the advantages of no current sensor, accurate switching, and high cost performance.
- FIG. 1 is a circuit schematic diagram of an embodiment of a zero-crossing detecting device and a synchronous switch of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a Darlington circuit of the first embodiment of the zero-crossing detecting device and the synchronous switch of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic circuit diagram of a second embodiment of the zero-crossing detecting device and the synchronous switch of the present invention.
- Fig. 4 is a circuit diagram showing the third embodiment of the zero-crossing detecting device and the synchronous switch of the present invention.
- Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the semiconductor switching circuit of the third embodiment of the zero-crossing detecting device and the synchronous switch of the present invention.
- the first embodiment of the zero-crossing detecting device and the synchronous switch of the present invention is as shown in FIG. 1:
- a zero-crossing detecting device which is a half-wave detecting circuit, comprising a semiconductor switch Q1, a first photocoupler OPT1, a first current limiting element R1 (resistance), a rectifying device D1 (diode), a capacitor C1, and a semiconductor switch Q1 (Transistor) control terminal
- the first current limiting component R1 is connected with the signal source to be detected (both K1 of the mechanical switch), and the working power supply (the working power supply is provided by the transformer output winding) charges the capacitor C1 through the rectifying device D1.
- C1 forms a discharge circuit through the control end of the first photocoupler OPT1 and the semiconductor switch Q1.
- the first photocoupler OPT1 outputs a detection signal, and the third resistor R3 connected in series to the discharge circuit of the capacitor C1 is used for current limiting, and is selected as needed.
- FIG. 1 is a transistor Q1, and the fourth resistor R4 and the diode Z3 are connected in parallel with the base and emitter of the transistor Q1.
- the power consumption of the first current limiting component R1 can also be a Darlington tube, or a Darlington circuit, or a transistor driving transistor circuit.
- the related circuit is shown in FIG. 2, and the semiconductor switch Q1 detects the two ends of the mechanical switch K1. The voltage is greater than zero and is turned on when the semiconductor switch Q1 is driven.
- a synchronous switch includes the above-mentioned zero-crossing detecting device, further comprising a control unit (A), a mechanical switch K1, a control unit (A) connected to the mechanical switch K1, and a control end of the semiconductor switch Q1 passing through the first current limiting element R1 Connected to the mechanical switch K1, the first photocoupler OPT1 output signal is transmitted to the control unit (A).
- the control unit (A) controls the voltage across the mechanical switch K1 to meet the driving voltage direction of the driving semiconductor switch Q1, and the conduction time is less than a quarter of the cycle breaking, the control unit (A) According to the signal outputted by the first photocoupler OPT1, the time parameter for controlling the breaking of the mechanical switch K1 can be adjusted; if the zero-crossing is required, the control unit (A) controls the mechanical switch K1 at both ends during the closing operation of the synchronous switch. When the voltage satisfies the direction of driving the semiconductor switch Q1 to turn on the voltage, the control unit (A) can adjust the time parameter for controlling the closing of the mechanical switch K1 according to the signal output by the first photocoupler OPT1.
- the second embodiment of the zero-crossing detecting device and the synchronous switch of the present invention is as shown in FIG. 3:
- a zero-crossing detecting device which is a half-wave detecting circuit, comprising a semiconductor switch Q1 and a first current limiting element R1 (resistance), rectifying device D1 (diode), capacitor C1, second current limiting element R2 (resistance), voltage stabilizing device Z1, first photocoupler OPT1, second photocoupler OPT2, semiconductor switch Q1 (transistor The control terminal is connected to the signal source (K1 of the mechanical switch) through the first current limiting component R1, and the working power supply (the working power supply in the figure is provided by the neutral line, or may be made by another relative to the signal source)
- a phase line provides) a capacitor C1 is charged through the second current limiting element R2 and the rectifying device D1, and the capacitor C1 forms a discharge loop through the control end of the first photocoupler OPT1, the second photocoupler OPT2, and the semiconductor switch Q1.
- the photocoupler OPT1 outputs a detection signal, and the voltage stabilizing device Z1 is connected in parallel with the capacitor C1 (the voltage stabilizing device Z1 is connected in parallel with the capacitor C1 through the rectifying device D1), and the second photocoupler OPT2 is used to control the discharge circuit, which is not limited to and discharged.
- the circuit is connected in series, and can also be connected to the control terminal of the semiconductor switch Q1.
- the second photocoupler OPT2 can be omitted, and the third resistor R3 connected in series to the discharge circuit of the capacitor C1 is used for Stream, selected according to need.
- FIG. 3 is a transistor Q1, and the fourth resistor R4 and the diode Z3 are connected in parallel with the base and emitter of the transistor Q1.
- the power consumption of the first current limiting component R1 can also be a Darlington tube, or a Darlington circuit, or a transistor driving transistor circuit.
- the related circuit is shown in FIG. 2, and the semiconductor switch Q1 detects the voltage across the mechanical switch K1. Turns on when it is greater than zero and meets the driving voltage of the semiconductor switch Q1.
- a synchronous switch includes the above-mentioned zero-crossing detecting device, further comprising a control unit (A), a mechanical switch K1, a control unit (A) connected to the mechanical switch K1, and a control end of the semiconductor switch Q1 passing through the first current limiting element R1 Connected to the mechanical switch K1, the output signal of the first photocoupler OPT1 is transmitted to the control unit (A), and the control end of the second photocoupler OPT2 is connected to the control unit (A).
- control unit (A) provides a control signal of the second photocoupler OPT2, and the control mechanical switch K1 is closed after the discharge circuit of the capacitor C1 is turned on, and the control unit ( A) The control mechanical switch K1 is closed when the voltages at both ends satisfy the driving voltage direction of the semiconductor switch Q1, and the control unit (A) adjusts the time parameter for controlling the closing of the mechanical switch K1 according to the signal output by the first photocoupler OPT1.
- control unit (A) controls the mechanical switch K1 to meet the driving voltage of the semiconductor switch Q1 at the voltage across the two ends, and the driving time is less than a quarter of the cycle breaking, and then the second photocoupler OPT2 is turned off. Turning on the control signal, the control unit (A) adjusts the time parameter for controlling the breaking of the mechanical switch K1 according to the signal output by the first photocoupler OPT1.
- the working power supply of the zero-crossing detecting device is not required by the transformer, and the AC power grid where the mechanical switch K1 is located is directly isolated from the power supply, and the driving mode of the first photocoupler OPT1 is driven by the capacitive energy storage device, and the second current limiting component R2 is adopted.
- the current can be set to about 0.1 mA, set to 0.1 mA.
- the working voltage is 220V
- the energy consumption is only 0.022W.
- the mechanical switch K1 is closed, the semiconductor switch Q1 is cut.
- the capacitor C1 is in a charging state.
- the synchronous switch zero-crossing control is required, only the second photocoupler OPT2 for controlling the discharge of the capacitor C1 needs to be added.
- This embodiment has the advantages of simple circuit, low energy consumption, and low cost. Low advantage.
- the third embodiment of the zero-crossing detecting device and the synchronous switch of the present invention is as shown in FIG. 4:
- a zero-crossing detecting device which is a half-wave detecting circuit, comprising a semiconductor switch (B), a first current limiting element R1, a rectifying device D1 (diode), a capacitor C1, a second current limiting element R2, and a voltage stabilizing device Z1
- the first photocoupler OPT1, the second photocoupler OPT2, and the control end of the semiconductor switch (B) (transistor) are connected to the signal source (both ends of K1 of the mechanical switch) of the desired detection through the first current limiting element R1.
- the working power supply (the working power supply is provided by the neutral line or the other phase line relative to the signal source) is charged by the second current limiting element R2 and the rectifying device D1 for the capacitor C1, and the capacitor C1 passes the first photoelectric coupling.
- the control terminal of the OPT1, the second photocoupler OPT2, the semiconductor switch (B), the trigger pole of the unidirectional thyristor SCR1, the cathode of the unidirectional thyristor SCR1 form a discharge loop, and the first photocoupler OPT1 outputs a detection signal, and the voltage regulator device Z1 is connected in parallel with the capacitor C1 through the rectifying device D1 (the voltage stabilizing device Z1 can also be directly connected in parallel with the capacitor C1), and the second photocoupler OPT2 is used to control the discharge circuit, which is not limited to being connected in series with the discharge circuit, and can also be combined with the semiconductor switch (B). )Control terminal Then, when used in synchronous switch, and does not require over-zero input, second
- the semiconductor switch (B) As shown in FIG. 5, the semiconductor switch (B) is turned on when detecting that the voltage across the mechanical switch K1 is greater than zero and satisfies the driving voltage of the semiconductor switch (B); the semiconductor switch (B) includes the first transistor Q1, second transistor Q2, diode D2, fifth resistor R5, sixth resistor R6, seventh resistor R7, first transistor Q1 is a PNP transistor, second transistor Q2 is an NPN transistor, and the base of the second transistor Q2
- the first current limiting element R1 is connected to the anode of the unidirectional thyristor SCR1
- the emitter of the second transistor Q2 is connected to the cathode of the unidirectional thyristor SCR1
- the collector of the second transistor Q2 is connected to the base of the first transistor Q1.
- the emitter of a transistor Q1 the collector of the first transistor Q1 is connected in series in the discharge loop of the capacitor C1, the diode D2 is in anti-parallel with the emitter of the second transistor Q2, the base of the second transistor Q2, and the fifth resistor R5 is The diode D1 is connected in parallel, and the sixth resistor R6 is respectively connected to the base of the first transistor Q1 and the emitter of the first transistor Q1, and the seventh resistor R7 is connected in series at the base of the first transistor Q1 for current limiting, and the fifth resistor R5, sixth resistor R6 The seventh resistor R7 is selected as needed.
- a synchronous switch comprising the above-mentioned zero-crossing detecting device, further comprising a control unit (A), a mechanical switch K1, a unidirectional thyristor SCR1 (half-controlled device), a control unit (A) connected to the mechanical switch K1, and a semiconductor
- the control end of the switch (B) is connected to the mechanical switch K1 through the first current limiting element R1, first
- the output signal of the optocoupler OPT1 is transmitted to the control unit (A)
- the control end of the second photocoupler OPT2 is connected to the control unit (A)
- the unidirectional thyristor SCR1 is connected in parallel with the mechanical switch K1, and the control end of the semiconductor switch (B) is passed.
- the first current limiting element R1 is connected to the anode of the unidirectional thyristor SCR1, and the capacitor C1 passes through the control end of the first photocoupler OPT1, the second photocoupler OPT2, the semiconductor switch (B), the trigger pole of the unidirectional thyristor SCR1, and the single A driving circuit is formed to the cathode of the thyristor SCR1, the semiconductor switch (B) is for detecting the conduction time of the unidirectional thyristor SCR1, and the control unit (A) adjusts the time parameter of the mechanical switch K1 according to the conduction time of the unidirectional thyristor SCR1.
- control end of the first photocoupler OPT1 and the second photocoupler OPT2 are not limited to being connected in series with the driving circuit of the unidirectional thyristor SCR1, or may be connected in series in the internal circuit of the semiconductor switch (B), such as with a semiconductor switch (B).
- the 2-pin and 4-pin loops are connected in series.
- the control unit (A) provides the second optocoupler OPT2 control signal, and controls the mechanical switch K1 after the zero-way conduction of the unidirectional thyristor SCR1.
- the cycle is closed, and the control unit (A) adjusts the time parameter for controlling the closing of the mechanical switch according to the signal output by the first photocoupler OPT1.
- the control unit (A) controls the mechanical switch K1 to satisfy the unidirectional thyristor SCR1.
- the on-time is less than half a cycle break, and the control unit (A) adjusts the time parameter for controlling the mechanical switch to be broken according to the signal output by the first photocoupler OPT1.
- the working power supply of the zero-crossing detecting device and the driving energy of the unidirectional thyristor SCR1 are not required by the transformer, and the power is directly supplied by the AC power grid where the mechanical switch K1 is located, and the capacitor is used to drive the first photocoupler OPT1 and the one-way.
- the current through the second current limiting element R2 can be set to about 0.1 mA, such as 0.1 mA, and when the operating voltage is 220 V, the energy consumption is only 0.022 W, when the mechanical switch K1 is closed.
- the semiconductor switch Q1 is turned off, and the capacitor C1 is in a charging state.
- the embodiment has the advantages that the unidirectional thyristor SCR1 has short conduction time, strong overload capability, simple circuit, high cost performance and reliability;
- the second current limiting element R2 When the unidirectional thyristor SCR1 driving energy and the operating power of the zero-crossing detecting device are provided by a transformer-winding, the second current limiting element R2, the voltage stabilizing device Z1, and the second photocoupler OPT2 of the present embodiment may be omitted.
- the zero-crossing detecting device of the present invention has the advantages of simple circuit, low power consumption, high detection precision, and low cost.
- the synchronous switch of the invention adopting the zero-crossing detecting device of the invention has a current-demanding sensor, and does not affect the accuracy due to the magnitude of the load current, and has the advantages of accurate switching and high cost performance.
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Claims (16)
- 一种过零检测装置,其特征是:其包括一半导体开关、第一限流元件、第一光电耦合器、一整流器件、一电容,所述半导体开关的控制端通过所述第一限流元件与所需检测的信号源连接,工作电源通过所述整流器件为所述电容充电,所述电容通过所述第一光电耦合器的控制端、所述半导体开关形成放电回路,所述第一光电耦合器输出检测信号。
- 根据权利要求1所述的过零检测装置,其特征是:所述半导体开关在检测到所述信号源电压大于零时导通。
- 根据权利要求1所述的过零检测装置,其特征是:所述半导体开关包括一晶体管,或达林顿管,或一达林顿电路,或晶体管驱动晶体管电路。
- 根据权利要求1所述的过零检测装置,其特征是:所述工作电源由一变压器输出绕组提供。
- 根据权利要求1所述的过零检测装置,其特征是:其为半波检测电路。
- 根据权利要求1所述的过零检测装置,其特征是:包括第二限流元件、一稳压器件,所述第二限流元件与所述整流器件串联,所述稳压器件与所述电容并联,或所述稳压器件通过所述整流器件与所述电容并联。
- 根据权利要求6所述的过零检测装置,其特征是:所述工作电源由中性线或相对于所述信号源的另一相线提供。
- 一种同步开关,其特征是:其包括根据权利要求1至7中任一权利要求所述的过零检测装置,还包括控制单元、机械开关,所述控制单元与所述机械开关连接,所述半导体开关的控制端通过所述第一限流元件与所述机械开关连接,所述第一光电耦合器输出信号传递至所述控制单元。
- 根据权利要求8所述的同步开关,其特征是:所述控制单元根据所述第一光电耦合器输出的信号,调整控制所述机械开关闭合或分断的时间参数。
- 根据权利要求9所述的同步开关,其特征是:连接一用于控制所述放电回路的第二光电耦合器,所述第二光电耦合器的控制端与所述控制单元连接。
- 根据权利要求10所述的同步开关,其特征是:在闭合的工作过程中,所述控制单元提供所述第二光电耦合器控制信号,控制所述机械开关在所述放电回路导通后闭合。
- 根据权利要求8所述的同步开关,其特征是:还包括一单向晶闸管,所述单向晶闸管与所述机械开关并联,所述半导体开关的控制端通过所述第一限流元件与所述单向晶闸管的阳极连接,所述电容通过所述半导体开关、所述单向晶闸管 的触发极、所述单向晶闸管的阴极形成驱动回路,所述半导体开关用于检测所述单向晶闸管的导通时间,所述控制单元根据所述单向晶闸管的导通时间调整控制所述机械开关的时间参数。
- 根据权利要求12所述的同步开关,其特征是:连接一用于控制所述放电回路的第二光电耦合器,所述第二光电耦合器的控制端与所述控制单元连接。
- 根据权利要求13所述的同步开关,其特征是:在闭合的工作过程中,所述控制单元先提供所述第二光电耦合器控制信号,控制所述机械开关在所述单向晶闸管过零导通后四分之一周波内闭合。
- 根据权利要求12所述的同步开关,其特征是:在分断的工作过程中,所述控制单元控制所述机械开关断开,且满足所述单向晶闸管导通时间小于半个周波。
- 根据权利要求12所述的同步开关,其特征是:所述半导体开关包括第一晶体管、第二晶体管、二极管,所述第一晶体管为PNP型晶体管、所述第二晶体管为NPN型晶体管,所述第二晶体管的基极通过所述第一限流元件与所述单向晶闸管的阳极连接,第二晶体管的发射极与所述单向晶闸管的阴极连接,所述第二晶体管的集电极与所述第一晶体管的基极连接,所述第一晶体管的发射极、所述第一晶体管的集电极串联在所述放电回路中,所述二极管的阳极与所述第二晶体管的发射极、所述第二晶体管的基极反向并联。
Applications Claiming Priority (18)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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CN201610070145.8 | 2016-01-24 | ||
CN201610070145 | 2016-01-24 | ||
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CN201610116841.8A CN105610301A (zh) | 2015-02-27 | 2016-02-26 | 晶闸管触发装置 |
CN201610133080 | 2016-03-02 | ||
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CN201610176973.X | 2016-03-18 | ||
CN201610176973 | 2016-03-18 | ||
CN201610316109.5 | 2016-05-06 | ||
CN201610316109 | 2016-05-06 | ||
CN201610392525 | 2016-05-22 | ||
CN201610392525.3 | 2016-05-22 | ||
CN201610403419.0 | 2016-06-02 | ||
CN201610403419 | 2016-06-02 | ||
CN201610583729 | 2016-07-13 | ||
CN201610583729.5 | 2016-07-13 | ||
CN201710028718.5A CN106980039A (zh) | 2016-01-24 | 2017-01-16 | 过零检测装置及同步开关 |
CN201710028718.5 | 2017-01-16 |
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