WO2017090712A1 - 合わせガラス用中間膜及び合わせガラス - Google Patents
合わせガラス用中間膜及び合わせガラス Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017090712A1 WO2017090712A1 PCT/JP2016/084929 JP2016084929W WO2017090712A1 WO 2017090712 A1 WO2017090712 A1 WO 2017090712A1 JP 2016084929 W JP2016084929 W JP 2016084929W WO 2017090712 A1 WO2017090712 A1 WO 2017090712A1
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- Prior art keywords
- laminated glass
- resin layer
- conductive layer
- glass
- base material
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Definitions
- the present invention generates heat by applying a voltage, warms the frozen glass, melts frost and ice, and has an excellent appearance when laminated glass, and the interlayer film for laminated glass,
- the present invention relates to a laminated glass using an interlayer film for laminated glass.
- Laminated glass is excellent in safety because it has less scattering of glass fragments even if it is damaged by external impact. For this reason, it is widely used for automobiles and buildings.
- the performance required for laminated glass has also diversified, and a technique for heating a laminated glass itself to warm a frozen window glass and melting frost and ice has been studied.
- a method for heating the laminated glass itself a method is considered in which a conductive film is formed on the glass surface of the laminated glass and the laminated glass is warmed by heat generated from resistance during energization.
- Laminated glass on which such a conductive film is formed is disclosed in, for example, Patent Document 1 and the like.
- an interlayer film for laminated glass is usually a resin containing polyvinyl acetal on the conductive layer side of a conductive layer obtained by forming a conductive film on a substrate containing a thermoplastic resin using a sputtering process or the like.
- a resin containing polyvinyl acetal on the conductive layer side of a conductive layer obtained by forming a conductive film on a substrate containing a thermoplastic resin using a sputtering process or the like.
- the laminated glass manufactured using the interlayer film for laminated glass having a conductive layer has a problem that an appearance defect may be recognized.
- the present invention is an intermediate for laminated glass that generates heat by applying voltage, warms frozen glass, melts frost and ice, and has an excellent appearance when used as laminated glass. It aims at providing the laminated glass using the film
- the present invention provides a conductive layer having a base material containing a thermoplastic resin and a conductive film formed on the base material, and a first material containing polyvinyl acetal laminated on the conductive film side of the conductive layer.
- the interlayer film for laminated glass has an absolute value of the difference from the heat shrinkage ratio after heat treatment for 30 minutes of 10% or less in both MD and TD directions. The present invention is described in detail below.
- the inventor examined the cause of appearance defects in laminated glass produced using an interlayer film for laminated glass having a conductive layer. As a result, it discovered that the heat shrink of the base material of a conductive layer and a resin layer was a cause.
- a base material having a small thermal contraction rate is selected so that a uniform conductive film can be formed by a sputtering process or the like.
- laminated glass is generally produced by sandwiching an interlayer film for laminated glass between two glass plates and thermocompression bonding. At this time, the interlayer film for laminated glass is thermocompression bonded so as to follow the curved surface of the glass.
- the conductive layer could not sufficiently follow the curved surface, so that it was considered that a wrinkled appearance defect was generated.
- the occurrence of misalignment due to the difference in thermal shrinkage rate between the conductive layer and the resin layer during thermocompression bonding was also considered to be a cause of poor appearance. It is done.
- the thermal contraction rate of the base material is too large, the conductive film cracks due to the thermal contraction and causes a conductive failure.
- the inventor has adjusted the thermal shrinkage rate of the base material forming the conductive layer within a certain range, and has the difference in the thermal shrinkage rate between the base material and the resin layer within the certain range.
- By adjusting it is possible to provide an interlayer film for laminated glass that generates heat by applying voltage, warms frozen glass, melts frost and ice, and has excellent appearance when it is made into laminated glass.
- the present invention has been completed.
- the interlayer film for laminated glass of the present invention has a conductive layer having a base material and a conductive film formed on the base material.
- the interlayer film for laminated glass generates heat by applying a voltage, so that the frozen glass can be warmed and frost and ice can be melted.
- the base material has a heat shrinkage ratio of 1.0 to 3.5% in both the MD and TD directions after heat treatment at 150 ° C. for 30 minutes as measured in accordance with JIS C2151.
- a test piece of 100 mm ⁇ 100 mm is adopted as a test piece for measurement according to JIS C2151.
- the test piece is cut out so that the MD direction confirmed by the method described later coincides with the vertical direction of the test piece and the TD direction coincides with the horizontal direction of the test piece.
- a uniform conductive film can be formed by a sputtering process, etc., and the conductive layer also follows the curved surface of the glass well during the production of laminated glass, and wrinkle-like appearance defects Can be prevented, and cracking of the conductive film due to thermal contraction can be prevented.
- the preferable lower limit of the heat shrinkage rate is 1.5%, and the preferable upper limit is 3.0%.
- MD direction (Machine Direction) means the extrusion direction at the time of extruding a base material in a sheet form
- TD direction (Transverse Direction) means a direction perpendicular to the MD direction.
- MD direction and TD direction can be confirmed with the following method, for example. That is, after storing the base material in a thermostatic bath at 150 ° C. for 30 minutes, the direction in which the shrinkage rate becomes maximum is the MD direction, and the direction perpendicular to the MD direction is the TD direction.
- the base material preferably has a Young's modulus of 1 GPa or more.
- the Young's modulus of the substrate is more preferably 1.5 GPa or more, and further preferably 2 GPa or more.
- a preferable upper limit of the Young's modulus of the substrate is 10 GPa. The Young's modulus is obtained by obtaining a strain-stress curve at 23 ° C.
- the Young's modulus of the 1st resin layer and 2nd resin layer containing the polyvinyl acetal mentioned later and a plasticizer is generally less than 1 GPa.
- the base material contains a thermoplastic resin.
- thermoplastic resin contained in the base material include chain polyolefins such as polyethylene, polypropylene, poly (4-methylpentene-1), polyacetal, ring-opening metathesis polymers or addition polymers of norbornenes, and norbornenes.
- Alicyclic polyolefins such as addition copolymers with other olefins, biodegradable polymers such as polylactic acid and polybutyl succinate, polyamides such as nylon 6, nylon 11, nylon 12 and nylon 66, and aramid And polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, polystyrene, styrene copolymer polymethyl methacrylate, polycarbonate, polypropylene terephthalate, polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyethylene Polyester such as 2,6-naphthalate, polyether sulfone, polyether ether ketone, modified polyphenylene ether, polyphenylene sulfide, polyether imide, polyimide, polyarylate, tetrafluoroethylene resin, Examples thereof include ethylene trifluoride resin, ethylene trifluoride chloride resin, ethylene tetrafluoride-6-
- the said base material may contain conventionally well-known additives, such as a ultraviolet-ray shielding agent and antioxidant, as needed.
- the ultraviolet shielding agent include a metal ultraviolet shielding agent, a metal oxide ultraviolet shielding agent, an ultraviolet shielding agent having a benzotriazole structure, an ultraviolet shielding agent having a benzophenone structure, an ultraviolet shielding agent having a triazine structure, and malonic acid.
- Conventionally known UV screening agents such as ester UV screening agents, oxalic anilide UV screening agents, and benzoate UV screening agents can be used.
- antioxidant conventionally well-known antioxidants, such as a phenolic antioxidant, sulfur type antioxidant, phosphorus antioxidant, can be used, for example.
- the thickness of the said base material is not specifically limited, A preferable minimum is 10 micrometers and a preferable upper limit is 200 micrometers. When the thickness of the base material is within this range, a uniform conductive film can be formed using a sputtering process and the like, and occurrence of appearance defects such as wrinkles can be prevented during the production of laminated glass. .
- the minimum with more preferable thickness of the said base material is 20 micrometers, and a more preferable upper limit is 150 micrometers.
- the conductive film examples include a conductive film made of a conductive metal such as copper, silver, nickel, iridium, and titanium, and a transparent conductive film such as tin-doped indium oxide (ITO) and fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO). Among these, transparent conductive films such as tin-doped indium oxide (ITO) and fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) are suitable.
- the conductive metal may be an alloy. Examples of the conductive metal alloy include alloys containing copper, silver, nickel, iridium, titanium, and the like.
- the thickness of the said electrically conductive film is not specifically limited, A preferable minimum is 0.001 micrometer and a preferable upper limit is 1 micrometer. When the thickness of the conductive film is within this range, heat is generated by applying a voltage, the frozen glass can be warmed, and frost and ice can be melted.
- the more preferable lower limit of the thickness of the conductive film is 0.005 ⁇ m, the more preferable lower limit is 0.01 ⁇ m, the more preferable upper limit is 0.1 ⁇ m, and the still more preferable upper limit is 0.05 ⁇ m.
- the method for forming the conductive film on the substrate is not particularly limited, and conventionally known methods such as a sputtering process, ion plating, plasma CVD process, vapor deposition process, coating process, and dip process can be used. Among these, a sputtering process is preferable because a uniform conductive film can be formed.
- the interlayer film for laminated glass of the present invention has a first resin layer containing polyvinyl acetal laminated on the conductive film side of the conductive layer.
- the absolute value of the difference from the heat shrinkage rate after the heat treatment is 10% or less in both the MD and TD directions.
- the absolute value of the difference in thermal shrinkage between the first resin layer and the base material of the conductive layer only needs to be smaller.
- the difference in heat shrinkage rate is more preferably 8% or less, and most preferably 0%.
- the difference of the thermal contraction rate compares the shrinkage rate in the MD direction of the base material of the conductive layer with the shrinkage rate in the MD direction of the first resin layer. The shrinkage rate is compared with the shrinkage rate in the TD direction of the first resin layer to obtain a difference.
- the heat shrinkage rate of the first resin layer can be adjusted by the conditions of annealing treatment in addition to the types and blending amounts of polyvinyl acetal and plasticizer.
- the MD direction and TD direction of the first resin layer can be confirmed by the same method as the confirmation of the MD direction and TD direction of the substrate.
- the conductive layer and the first resin layer are preferably laminated in a state where the MD direction and the TD direction coincide with each other.
- the MD direction and the TD direction are individually separated after peeling according to the following procedure. Confirm the heat shrinkage rate.
- the interlayer film for laminated glass is cut into a size of 5 cm in length and 5 cm in width, and is left to stand in an environment of a temperature of 25 ° C. and a humidity of 30% for 2 hours.
- put a finger between the conductive layer and the first resin layer one hand grasps the conductive layer, the other hand grasps the first resin layer, and peels at a speed of 1 to 2 cm / s with both hands. .
- the sample is further allowed to stand for 2 hours in an environment of temperature 25 ° C. and humidity 30%.
- the MD direction and the TD direction after heat treatment at 150 ° C. for 30 minutes for each layer are confirmed, and the thermal shrinkage rate is measured.
- the first resin layer preferably has a thermal shrinkage rate of 0.01 to 13.5% in the MD and TD directions after heat treatment at 150 ° C. for 30 minutes as measured in accordance with JIS C2151.
- the thermal shrinkage of the first resin layer is more preferably 0.1 to 7% in both the MD and TD directions, further preferably 1.0 to 5.8%, and more preferably 1.0 to 5. Particularly preferred is 0%.
- the test piece at the time of measuring based on JIS C2151 employ
- the ten-point average roughness Rz measured in accordance with JIS B0601-1982 on the surface laminated on the conductive layer is 45 ⁇ m or less. Is preferred.
- the ten-point average roughness Rz is more preferably 40 ⁇ m or less, further preferably 35 ⁇ m or less, and particularly preferably 30 ⁇ m or less.
- the lower limit of the ten-point average roughness Rz is not particularly limited, but is preferable because air is prevented from remaining between the conductive layer and the first resin layer, and the transparency of the laminated glass is improved.
- the lower limit is 0.1 ⁇ m, and the more preferable lower limit is 1 ⁇ m.
- the thickness of the said 1st resin layer is not specifically limited, A preferable minimum is 100 micrometers and a preferable upper limit is 500 micrometers. When the thickness of the first resin layer is within this range, sufficient durability can be obtained, and basic qualities such as transparency and penetrability of the obtained laminated glass are satisfied. A more preferable lower limit of the thickness of the first resin layer is 200 ⁇ m, and a more preferable upper limit is 400 ⁇ m.
- the first resin layer contains polyvinyl acetal.
- a plasticizer in combination with polyvinyl acetal, an interlayer film for laminated glass that exhibits excellent adhesion to the conductive layer and glass can be obtained.
- the polyvinyl acetal is not particularly limited as long as it is a polyvinyl acetal obtained by acetalizing polyvinyl alcohol with an aldehyde, but polyvinyl butyral is preferable. Moreover, you may use together 2 or more types of polyvinyl acetal as needed.
- the preferable lower limit of the degree of acetalization of the polyvinyl acetal is 40 mol%, the preferable upper limit is 85 mol%, the more preferable lower limit is 60 mol%, and the more preferable upper limit is 75 mol%.
- the polyvinyl acetal has a preferred lower limit of the hydroxyl group content of 15 mol% and a preferred upper limit of 35 mol%. Adhesiveness between the interlayer film for laminated glass and the glass is increased when the amount of the hydroxyl group is 15 mol% or more. When the hydroxyl group amount is 35 mol% or less, handling of the interlayer film for laminated glass becomes easy.
- the degree of acetalization and the amount of hydroxyl groups can be measured in accordance with, for example, JIS K6728 “Testing method for polyvinyl butyral”.
- the polyvinyl acetal can be prepared by acetalizing polyvinyl alcohol with an aldehyde.
- the polyvinyl alcohol is usually obtained by saponifying polyvinyl acetate, and polyvinyl alcohol having a saponification degree of 70 to 99.8 mol% is generally used.
- the saponification degree of the polyvinyl alcohol is preferably 80 to 99.8 mol%.
- the preferable lower limit of the polymerization degree of the polyvinyl alcohol is 500, and the preferable upper limit is 4000. When the polymerization degree of the polyvinyl alcohol is 500 or more, the penetration resistance of the obtained laminated glass is increased.
- the interlayer film for laminated glass can be easily molded.
- the minimum with a more preferable polymerization degree of the said polyvinyl alcohol is 1000, and a more preferable upper limit is 3600.
- the aldehyde is not particularly limited, but generally an aldehyde having 1 to 10 carbon atoms is preferably used.
- the aldehyde having 1 to 10 carbon atoms is not particularly limited.
- n-butyraldehyde, n-hexylaldehyde, and n-valeraldehyde are preferable, and n-butyraldehyde is more preferable.
- These aldehydes may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the first resin layer preferably contains a plasticizer.
- the plasticizer is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include organic ester plasticizers such as monobasic organic acid esters and polybasic organic acid esters, and phosphoric acid plasticizers such as organic phosphoric acid plasticizers and organic phosphorous acid plasticizers. Etc.
- the plasticizer is preferably a liquid plasticizer.
- the monobasic organic acid ester is not particularly limited.
- glycol such as triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, tripropylene glycol, butyric acid, isobutyric acid, caproic acid, 2-ethylbutyric acid, heptylic acid, n-octyl
- glycol esters obtained by reaction with monobasic organic acids such as acid, 2-ethylhexylic acid, pelargonic acid (also known as n-nonyl acid), and decyl acid.
- triethylene glycol dicaproate, triethylene glycol di-2-ethylbutyrate, triethylene glycol di-n-octylate, triethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexylate and the like are preferable.
- the polybasic organic acid ester is not particularly limited.
- an ester compound of a polybasic organic acid such as adipic acid, sebacic acid or azelaic acid and an alcohol having a linear or branched structure having 4 to 8 carbon atoms.
- dibutyl sebacic acid ester, dioctyl azelaic acid ester, dibutyl carbitol adipic acid ester and the like are preferable.
- the organic ester plasticizer is not particularly limited, and triethylene glycol di-2-ethylbutyrate, triethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate, triethylene glycol dicaprylate, triethylene glycol di-n-octanoate, Triethylene glycol di-n-heptanoate, tetraethylene glycol di-n-heptanoate, tetraethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate, dibutyl sebacate, dioctyl azelate, dibutyl carbitol adipate, ethylene glycol di-2-ethyl Butyrate, 1,3-propylene glycol di-2-ethyl butyrate, 1,4-butylene glycol di-2-ethyl butyrate, diethylene glycol di-2-ethyl butyrate, diethylene glycol di- -Ethylhexanoate, dipropylene glycol di-2-ethylbutyrate,
- the organophosphate plasticizer is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include tributoxyethyl phosphate, isodecylphenyl phosphate, triisopropyl phosphate, and the like.
- the content of the plasticizer in the first resin layer is not particularly limited, but a preferable lower limit with respect to 100 parts by weight of the polyvinyl acetal is 30 parts by weight, and a preferable upper limit is 90 parts by weight.
- a preferable lower limit with respect to 100 parts by weight of the polyvinyl acetal is 30 parts by weight, and a preferable upper limit is 90 parts by weight.
- the content of the plasticizer is 30 parts by weight or more, the melt viscosity of the laminated glass interlayer film is lowered, and the degassing property when the laminated glass is produced using this laminated glass interlayer film is increased.
- the content of the plasticizer is 90 parts by weight or less, the transparency of the interlayer film for laminated glass increases.
- the minimum with more preferable content of the said plasticizer is 35 weight part, a more preferable upper limit is 70 weight part, and a still more preferable upper limit is 63 weight part.
- the first resin layer may contain a heat ray absorbent.
- the heat ray absorber is not particularly limited as long as it has the ability to shield infrared rays, but is tin-doped indium oxide (ITO) particles, antimony-doped tin oxide (ATO) particles, aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) particles, indium-doped oxide. At least one selected from the group consisting of zinc (IZO) particles, tin-doped zinc oxide particles, silicon-doped zinc oxide particles, lanthanum hexaboride particles and cerium hexaboride particles is preferred.
- the first resin layer may contain conventionally known additives such as an antioxidant, a light stabilizer, and an antistatic agent as necessary.
- the adhesive force between the conductive layer and the first resin layer is preferably 1 N / 50 mm or more.
- the adhesive force is 1 N / 50 mm or more, the adhesiveness between the conductive layer and the first resin layer is high, and excellent handleability can be exhibited. It is possible to further prevent the occurrence of a defective appearance due to a deviation between the resin layers.
- the adhesive force is more preferably 2N / 50 mm or more, further preferably 3N / 50 mm or more, and particularly preferably 10 N / 50 mm or more.
- the upper limit of the adhesive force is not particularly limited, but about 20 N / 50 mm is a substantial upper limit.
- the interlayer film for laminated glass of the present invention may further include a second resin layer containing polyvinyl acetal, which is laminated on the side of the conductive layer opposite to the conductive film side.
- a second resin layer By providing such a second resin layer, the adhesion to glass can be further improved.
- the second resin layer may be the same as the first resin layer, but may be the same as or different from the first resin layer.
- the absolute value of the difference from the heat shrinkage rate after the heat treatment is preferably 10% or less in both the MD and TD directions.
- the absolute value of the difference in thermal shrinkage between the second resin layer and the base material of the conductive layer is more preferably 8% or less.
- the lower limit of the absolute value of the difference in thermal shrinkage between the second resin layer and the base material of the conductive layer is not particularly limited, and is most preferably 0%, but may be 0.001%.
- the difference of the said thermal contraction rate compares the shrinkage rate of the MD direction of the base material of the said conductive layer with the shrinkage rate of the MD direction of the said 2nd resin layer, The TD direction of the base material of the said conductive layer Is compared with the shrinkage rate in the TD direction of the second resin layer.
- the MD direction and TD direction of the second resin layer can be confirmed by the same method as the method for confirming the MD direction and TD direction of the substrate.
- the conductive layer and the second resin layer are preferably laminated in a state where the MD direction and the TD direction coincide with each other.
- a procedure for peeling the conductive layer and the first resin layer By the same method as above, peeling and thermal shrinkage can be measured.
- the second resin layer preferably has a thermal shrinkage rate of 0.01 to 13.5% in both the MD and TD directions after heat treatment at 150 ° C. for 30 minutes as measured in accordance with JIS C2151.
- the thermal contraction rate of the second resin layer is more preferably 0.1 to 7% in both MD and TD directions, further preferably 1.0 to 5.8%, and more preferably 1.0 to 5. Particularly preferred is 0%.
- the test piece at the time of measuring based on JIS C2151 employ
- the 10-point average roughness Rz measured in accordance with JIS B0601-1982 on the surface laminated on the conductive layer is 45 ⁇ m or less. Is preferred. As a result, the adhesion between the second resin layer and the conductive layer is further improved to prevent the occurrence of poor appearance due to a gap between the second resin layer and the conductive layer during the production of laminated glass. can do.
- the ten-point average roughness Rz is more preferably 40 ⁇ m or less, further preferably 35 ⁇ m or less, and particularly preferably 30 ⁇ m or less.
- the lower limit of the ten-point average roughness Rz is not particularly limited, but is preferable because air is prevented from remaining between the conductive layer and the second resin layer, and the transparency of the laminated glass is improved.
- the lower limit is 0.1 ⁇ m, and the more preferable lower limit is 1 ⁇ m.
- FIG. 1 A schematic diagram showing an example of the interlayer film for laminated glass of the present invention is shown in FIG. 1 includes a conductive layer 2 having a conductive film 22 formed on a substrate 21, a first resin layer 3 laminated on the conductive layer 22 side of the conductive layer 2, and the above It consists of the 2nd resin layer 4 laminated
- the method for producing the interlayer film for laminated glass of the present invention is not particularly limited, but a method of thermocompression bonding a laminate in which the first resin layer, the conductive layer, and if necessary, the second resin layer are laminated in this order. Is preferred. Among them, each layer was unwound from a rolled body and laminated, and the obtained laminated body was thermocompression bonded through a heated press roll to obtain an interlayer film for laminated glass, and then obtained. A so-called roll-to-roll method in which the interlayer film for laminated glass is wound into a roll shape is suitable.
- the preferred range of the heating temperature during thermocompression bonding is 65 to 150 ° C.
- the preferred range of pressure is 0.1 to 5 kN
- the roll transport tension is preferably 10 to 200 N.
- the laminated glass in which the interlayer film for laminated glass of the present invention is laminated between a pair of glass plates is also one aspect of the present invention.
- the said glass plate can use the transparent plate glass generally used. Examples thereof include inorganic glass such as float plate glass, polished plate glass, template glass, netted glass, wire-containing plate glass, colored plate glass, heat ray absorbing glass, heat ray reflecting glass, and green glass. Further, an ultraviolet shielding glass having an ultraviolet shielding coating layer on the glass surface can also be used. Furthermore, organic plastics plates such as polyethylene terephthalate, polycarbonate, and polyacrylate can also be used. Two or more types of glass plates may be used as the glass plate.
- stacked the intermediate film for laminated glasses of this invention between transparent float plate glass and colored glass plates like green glass is mentioned.
- an interlayer film for laminated glass that generates heat by applying voltage, warms frozen glass, can melt frost and ice, and has excellent appearance when used as laminated glass, and A laminated glass using the interlayer film for laminated glass can be provided.
- Example 1 (1) Preparation of conductive layer A film having a thickness of 50 ⁇ m made of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) was used as a base material.
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- the heat shrinkage rate of the substrate after heat treatment at 150 ° C. for 30 minutes was measured according to JIS C2151, and found to be 1.1% in the MD direction and 1.2% in the TD direction.
- Sputtering was performed on the above base material with the target being tin-doped indium oxide (ITO).
- ITO tin-doped indium oxide
- the sputtering power is direct current (DC) 1000 W
- the atmospheric gas is argon
- the gas flow rate is 50 sccm
- the sputtering pressure is 0.5 Pa
- a conductive film having a thickness of 0.05 ⁇ m made of tin-doped indium oxide (ITO) is formed. Obtained.
- the obtained composition was extruded by an extruder to obtain a single layer resin film having a thickness of 380 ⁇ m.
- One surface of the obtained resin film was embossed to give an emboss having a 10-point average roughness Rz measured in accordance with JIS B0601-1982 of 35 ⁇ m.
- the resin film was annealed at 50 ° C. for 30 minutes to obtain a resin layer A as a first resin layer.
- the obtained resin layer A was measured for thermal shrinkage after heat treatment at 150 ° C. for 30 minutes in accordance with JIS C2151, and it was 5.3% in the MD direction and 5.8% in the TD direction.
- Example 2 and 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4 An interlayer film for laminated glass was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the base material of the conductive layer was changed to a base material having a heat shrinkage rate shown in Table 1.
- Example 4 Resin layer B was obtained in the same manner as resin layer A, except that the annealing conditions for the resin film were changed to 50 ° C. and 45 minutes. The obtained resin layer B was measured for the heat shrinkage rate after heat treatment at 150 ° C. for 30 minutes in accordance with JIS C2151, and it was 4.3% in the MD direction and 4.8% in the TD direction. An interlayer film for laminated glass was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the resin layer B was used in place of the resin layer A.
- Resin layer C was obtained in the same manner as resin layer A, except that the annealing conditions for the resin film were changed to 25 ° C. and 30 minutes.
- the obtained resin layer C was measured for heat shrinkage after heat treatment at 150 ° C. for 30 minutes in accordance with JIS C2151, and found to be 15.5% in the MD direction and 16.2% in the TD direction.
- An interlayer film for laminated glass was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the resin layer C was used in place of the resin layer A.
- Example 5 Preparation of conductive layer A film having a thickness of 50 ⁇ m made of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) was used as a base material.
- the heat shrinkage rate of the substrate after heat treatment at 150 ° C. for 30 minutes was measured according to JIS C2151, and found to be 1.1% in the MD direction and 1.2% in the TD direction.
- Sputtering was performed on the base material using silver as a target.
- the sputtering power was direct current (DC) 1000 W
- the atmosphere gas was argon
- the gas flow rate was 50 sccm
- the sputtering pressure was 0.5 Pa
- a conductive film made of silver having a thickness of 0.05 ⁇ m was formed to obtain a conductive layer.
- the obtained composition was extruded by an extruder to obtain a single layer resin film having a thickness of 380 ⁇ m.
- One surface of the obtained resin film was embossed to give an emboss having a 10-point average roughness Rz measured in accordance with JIS B0601-1982 of 35 ⁇ m.
- the resin film was annealed at 50 ° C. for 30 minutes to obtain a resin layer D as a first resin layer.
- the obtained resin layer D was measured for thermal shrinkage after heat treatment at 150 ° C. for 30 minutes in accordance with JIS C2151, and it was 5.2% in the MD direction and 5.5% in the TD direction.
- Example 6 Preparation of conductive layer A 50 ⁇ m thick film made of polyimide was used as a base material. The heat shrinkage rate of the substrate after heat treatment at 150 ° C. for 30 minutes was measured according to JIS C2151, and found to be 1.1% in the MD direction and 1.2% in the TD direction. Sputtering was performed on the base material using silver as a target. The sputtering power was direct current (DC) 1000 W, the atmosphere gas was argon, the gas flow rate was 50 sccm, the sputtering pressure was 0.5 Pa, and a conductive film made of silver having a thickness of 0.05 ⁇ m was formed to obtain a conductive layer.
- DC direct current
- the atmosphere gas was argon
- the gas flow rate was 50 sccm
- the sputtering pressure was 0.5 Pa
- a conductive film made of silver having a thickness of 0.05 ⁇ m was formed to obtain a conductive layer.
- the obtained composition was extruded by an extruder to obtain a single layer resin film having a thickness of 380 ⁇ m.
- One surface of the obtained resin film was embossed to give an emboss having a 10-point average roughness Rz measured in accordance with JIS B0601-1982 of 35 ⁇ m.
- the resin film was annealed at 50 ° C. for 30 minutes to obtain a resin layer E as a first resin layer.
- the obtained resin layer E was measured for the heat shrinkage rate after heat treatment at 150 ° C. for 30 minutes in accordance with JIS C2151, and found to be 5.4% in the MD direction and 5.5% in the TD direction.
- a vehicle windshield was produced using the interlayer film for laminated glass obtained in Examples and Comparative Examples.
- the vehicle windshield has a curved portion in accordance with the vehicle shape.
- An interlayer film for laminated glass was sandwiched between two clear glass plates for vehicle windshield, and the protruding part was cut off to obtain a laminated glass structure.
- the obtained laminated glass structure was transferred into a rubber bag, the rubber bag was connected to a suction decompressor, heated and simultaneously held under a reduced pressure of ⁇ 60 kPa (absolute pressure 16 kPa) for 10 minutes, and the temperature of the laminated glass structure ( After heating so that the (preliminary pressure bonding temperature) was 70 ° C., the pressure was returned to atmospheric pressure, and the preliminary pressure bonding was completed.
- the pre-bonded laminated glass structure is put in an autoclave and held for 10 minutes under conditions of a temperature of 140 ° C. and a pressure of 1300 kPa, and then the pressure bonding is finished by lowering the temperature to 50 ° C. and returning to atmospheric pressure.
- a windshield was obtained.
- a high-precision and high-functional resistivity meter for the measurement of the resistance value, a high-precision and high-functional resistivity meter, Lorestar GX (manufactured by Mitsubishi Analitech) was used.
- a laminated glass is produced by the same method as the evaluation of the appearance of the laminated glass, and a power source is connected to the laminated glass after production via a copper foil tape in the same manner as in the case of the intermediate film.
- the resistance value of the inside conductive layer was measured.
- evaluation was performed according to the following criteria.
- X The difference between A and B was 10 ⁇ / sq or more.
- an interlayer film for laminated glass that generates heat by applying voltage, warms frozen glass, can melt frost and ice, and has excellent appearance when used as laminated glass, and A laminated glass using the interlayer film for laminated glass can be provided.
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Abstract
Description
近年、合わせガラスに求められる性能も多様化し、合わせガラス自体を加熱することにより、凍結した窓ガラスを暖め、霜や氷を溶かす技術が検討されている。
合わせガラス自体を加熱する方法の1つとして、合わせガラスのガラス面に導電膜を形成し、通電時の抵抗に由来する発熱によって合わせガラスを暖める方法が検討されている。このような導電膜を形成した合わせガラスは、例えば、特許文献1等に開示されている。
しかしながら、導電層を有する合わせガラス用中間膜を用いて製造した合わせガラスは、外観不良が認められることがあるという問題があった。
以下に本発明を詳述する。
導電層を形成する基材としては、スパッタプロセス等により均一な導電膜が形成できるように、熱収縮率の小さな基材が選択される。一方、合わせガラスは、2枚のガラス板の間に合わせガラス用中間膜を挟持し、熱圧着することにより製造することが一般的である。この際、合わせガラス用中間膜は、ガラスの曲面にも追従するように熱圧着される。ここで、熱収縮率が低い基材を用いた場合には、導電層が曲面へ充分に追従できないため、シワ状の外観欠陥が生じるものと考えられた。また、熱収縮率が低い基材を用いた場合、熱圧着時に導電層と樹脂層との間に熱収縮率の差によるズレが発生することも、外観不良の原因となっていたものと考えられる。一方、基材の熱収縮率が大きすぎると、熱収縮により導電膜にクラックが入り、導電不良の原因となってしまう。
なお、本明細書においてMD方向(Machine Direction)とは、基材をシート状に押出加工する際の押出方向をいい、TD方向(Transverse Direction)とはMD方向に対して垂直方向をいう。
なお、MD方向及びTD方向は、例えば、以下の方法によって確認することができる。即ち、上記基材を150℃の恒温槽に30分間保管した後に、収縮率が最大となる方向がMD方向であり、該MD方向に対して垂直方向がTD方向である。
なお、ヤング率は、JIS K7127に準拠した引っ張り試験によって、23℃で、歪み-応力曲線を得、該歪み-応力曲線の直線部分の傾きにより示される。
なお、後述するポリビニルアセタールと可塑剤とを含有する第1の樹脂層や第2の樹脂層のヤング率は、一般に1GPa未満である。
上記紫外線遮蔽剤としては、例えば、金属系紫外線遮蔽剤、金属酸化物系紫外線遮蔽剤、ベンゾトリアゾール構造を有する紫外線遮蔽剤、ベンゾフェノン構造を有する紫外線遮蔽剤、トリアジン構造を有する紫外線遮蔽剤、マロン酸エステル系紫外線遮蔽剤、シュウ酸アニリド系紫外線遮蔽剤、ベンゾエート系紫外線遮蔽剤等の従来公知の紫外線遮蔽剤を用いることができる。
上記酸化防止剤としては、例えば、フェノール系酸化防止剤、硫黄系酸化防止剤、リン系酸化防止剤等の従来公知の酸化防止剤を用いることができる。
上記第1の樹脂層のJIS C2151に準拠して測定される150℃、30分間熱処理後の熱収縮率と、上記導電層の基材のJIS C2151に準拠して測定される150℃、30分間熱処理後の熱収縮率との差の絶対値がMD、TD方向共に10%以下である。上記第1の樹脂層と上記導電層の基材との熱収縮率の差の絶対値を10%以下とすることにより、合わせガラス製造時に第1の樹脂層と導電層との間にズレが生じて、外観不良が発生することを防止することができる。上記第1の樹脂層と上記導電層の基材との熱収縮率の差の絶対値はより小さければよい。上記熱収縮率の差は、8%以下であることがより好ましく、0%であることが最も好ましい。
なお、熱収縮率の差は、上記導電層の基材のMD方向の収縮率と、上記第1の樹脂層のMD方向の収縮率とを比較し、上記導電層の基材のTD方向の収縮率と、上記第1の樹脂層のTD方向の収縮率とを比較し、差を求める。
また、上記第1の樹脂層のMD方向及びTD方向は、上記基材のMD方向及びTD方向の確認と、同様の方法によって確認することができる。
なお、上記導電層と、上記第1の樹脂層とはMD方向及びTD方向を一致させた状態で積層されていることが好ましい。上記導電層と、上記第1の樹脂層とが積層された合わせガラス用中間膜から、各層の熱収縮率を測定する場合は、以下の手順に従って剥離させた後に、個別にMD方向及びTD方向を確認し、熱収縮率を測定する。即ち、合わせガラス用中間膜を縦5cm×横5cmの大きさに切り出し、温度25℃、湿度30%の環境下に2時間静置する。次いで、導電層と第1の樹脂層との間に指を入れ、一方の手は導電層を、他方の手は第1の樹脂層をつかみ、両手で1~2cm/sの速度で剥離する。剥離後、更に温度25℃、湿度30%の環境下に2時間静置する。その後、各層の150℃、30分間熱処理後のMD方向及びTD方向を確認し、熱収縮率を測定する。
なお、JIS C2151に準拠して測定する際の試験片は、100mm×100mmの試験片を採用する。また、その際、上述の方法によって確認されたMD方向が試験片の縦方向、TD方向が試験片の横方向と一致するように試験片を切り出す。
上記ポリビニルアセタールは、水酸基量の好ましい下限が15モル%、好ましい上限が35モル%である。水酸基量が15モル%以上であると、合わせガラス用中間膜とガラスとの接着性が高くなる。水酸基量が35モル%以下であると、合わせガラス用中間膜の取り扱いが容易になる。
なお、上記アセタール化度及び水酸基量は、例えば、JIS K6728「ポリビニルブチラール試験方法」に準拠して測定できる。
上記ポリビニルアルコールは、通常、ポリ酢酸ビニルを鹸化することにより得られ、鹸化度70~99.8モル%のポリビニルアルコールが一般的に用いられる。上記ポリビニルアルコールの鹸化度は、80~99.8モル%であることが好ましい。
上記ポリビニルアルコールの重合度の好ましい下限は500、好ましい上限は4000である。上記ポリビニルアルコールの重合度が500以上であると、得られる合わせガラスの耐貫通性が高くなる。上記ポリビニルアルコールの重合度が4000以下であると、合わせガラス用中間膜の成形が容易になる。上記ポリビニルアルコールの重合度のより好ましい下限は1000、より好ましい上限は3600である。
上記熱線吸収剤は、赤外線を遮蔽する性能を有すれば特に限定されないが、錫ドープ酸化インジウム(ITO)粒子、アンチモンドープ酸化錫(ATO)粒子、アルミニウムドープ酸化亜鉛(AZO)粒子、インジウムドープ酸化亜鉛(IZO)粒子、錫ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子、珪素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子、6ホウ化ランタン粒子及び6ホウ化セリウム粒子からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種が好適である。
上記第2の樹脂層は、上記第1の樹脂層と同様のものを用いることができるが、上記第1の樹脂層と同じものであってもよく、異なっていてもよい。
なお、上記熱収縮率の差は、上記導電層の基材のMD方向の収縮率と、上記第2の樹脂層のMD方向の収縮率とを比較し、上記導電層の基材のTD方向の収縮率と、上記第2の樹脂層のTD方向の収縮率とを比較して差を求める。
また、上記第2の樹脂層のMD方向及びTD方向は、上記基材のMD方向及びTD方向を確認する方法と、同様の方法によって確認することができる。
また、上記導電層と、上記第2の樹脂層とはMD方向及びTD方向を一致させた状態で積層されていることが好ましい。上記導電層と、上記第2の樹脂層とが積層された合わせガラス用中間膜から、各層の熱収縮率を測定する場合は、上記導電層と、上記第1の樹脂層とを剥離させる手順と同様の方法により、剥離及び熱収縮率を測定することができる。
なお、JIS C2151に準拠して測定する際の試験片は、100mm×100mmの試験片を採用する。また、その際、後述の方法によって確認されたMD方向が試験片の縦方向、TD方向が試験片の横方向と一致するように試験片を切り出す。
図1の合わせガラス用中間膜1は、基材21上に導電膜22が形成された導電層2と、上記導電層2の導電膜22側に積層された第1の樹脂層3と、上記導電層2の基材21側に積層された第2の樹脂層4からなる。
上記ロールツーロール方式では、熱圧着時の加熱温度の好ましい範囲は65~150℃、圧力の好ましい範囲は0.1~5kNであり、ロールの搬送張力を10~200Nとすることが好ましい。熱圧着の条件をこの範囲内とすることにより、上記導電層と第1、2の樹脂層との密着性が向上し、外観不良の発生を更に抑制することができる。
上記ガラス板は、一般に使用されている透明板ガラスを使用することができる。例えば、フロート板ガラス、磨き板ガラス、型板ガラス、網入りガラス、線入り板ガラス、着色された板ガラス、熱線吸収ガラス、熱線反射ガラス、グリーンガラス等の無機ガラスが挙げられる。また、ガラスの表面に紫外線遮蔽コート層を有する紫外線遮蔽ガラスも用いることができる。更に、ポリエチレンテレフタレート、ポリカーボネート、ポリアクリレート等の有機プラスチックス板を用いることもできる。
上記ガラス板として、2種類以上のガラス板を用いてもよい。例えば、透明フロート板ガラスと、グリーンガラスのような着色されたガラス板との間に、本発明の合わせガラス用中間膜を積層した合わせガラスが挙げられる。また、上記ガラス板として、2種以上の厚さの異なるガラス板を用いてもよい。
本発明の合わせガラスの製造方法としては特に限定されず、従来公知の製造方法を用いることができる。
(1)導電層の調製
基材としてポリエチレンテレフタレート(PET)からなる厚み50μmのフィルムを用いた。該基材についてJIS C2151に準拠して150℃、30分間熱処理後の熱収縮率を測定したところ、MD方向で1.1%、TD方向で1.2%であった。
上記基材に、ターゲットをスズドープ酸化インジウム(ITO)とし、スパッタリングを行った。スパッタパワーは直流(DC)1000W、雰囲気ガスはアルゴンでガス流量は50sccm、スパッタ時圧力は0.5Paとし、スズドープ酸化インジウム(ITO)からなる厚み0.05μmの導電膜を形成して導電層を得た。
ポリビニルブチラール(水酸基の含有率30モル%、アセチル化度1モル%、ブチラール化度69モル%、平均重合度1700)100重量部に対し、可塑剤としてトリエチレングリコールジ-2-エチルヘキサノエート(3GO)40重量部と、紫外線遮蔽剤として2-(2’-ヒドロキシ-3’-t-ブチル-5-メチルフェニル)-5-クロロベンゾトリアゾール(BASF社製「Tinuvin326」)0.5重量部と、酸化防止剤として2,6-ジ-t-ブチル-p-クレゾール(BHT)0.5重量部とを添加し、ミキシングロールで充分に混練し、組成物を得た。得られた組成物を押出機により押出して、厚み380μmの単層の樹脂膜を得た。得られた樹脂膜の一方の表面をエンボス加工して、JIS B0601-1982に準拠して測定される十点平均粗さRzが35μmであるエンボスを付与した。更に、樹脂膜を50℃の条件で、30分間アニール処理をして、第1の樹脂層として樹脂層Aを得た。
得られた樹脂層AについてJIS C2151に準拠して150℃、30分間熱処理後の熱収縮率を測定したところ、MD方向で5.3%、TD方向で5.8%であった。
上記樹脂層Aを2つ用意し、1つの樹脂層Aは上記導電層に、エンボス加工を施した面が導電層側となるように、もう1つの樹脂層Aは上記導電層の基材側の面に、エンボス加工を施した面が基材側となるように重ね、熱圧着することにより、樹脂層A/導電層/樹脂層Aの3層構造の合わせガラス用中間膜を製造した。熱圧着は、熱圧着ラミネーター(エム・シー・ケー社製「MRK-650Y型」)を用いて、加熱温度120℃、圧着時の圧力2kN、搬送時の張力100Nの条件で、ロールツーロール方式により行った。熱圧着には上下のロールがともにゴムからなるラミネートロールを用いた。
導電層の基材を、表1に示した熱収縮率を有する基材に変更した以外は、実施例1と同様にして合わせガラス用中間膜を製造した。
樹脂膜のアニール処理の条件を50℃及び45分間に変更した以外は樹脂層Aと同様にして樹脂層Bを得た。
得られた樹脂層BについてJIS C2151に準拠して150℃、30分間熱処理後の熱収縮率を測定したところ、MD方向で4.3%、TD方向で4.8%であった。
樹脂層Aに代えて樹脂層Bを用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして合わせガラス用中間膜を製造した。
樹脂膜のアニール処理の条件を25℃及び30分間に変更した以外は樹脂層Aと同様にして樹脂層Cを得た。
得られた樹脂層CについてJIS C2151に準拠して150℃、30分間熱処理後の熱収縮率を測定したところ、MD方向で15.5%、TD方向で16.2%であった。
樹脂層Aに代えて樹脂層Cを用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして合わせガラス用中間膜を製造した。
(1)導電層の調製
基材としてポリエチレンテレフタレート(PET)からなる厚み50μmのフィルムを用いた。該基材についてJIS C2151に準拠して150℃、30分間熱処理後の熱収縮率を測定したところ、MD方向で1.1%、TD方向で1.2%であった。
上記基材に、ターゲットを銀とし、スパッタリングを行った。スパッタパワーは直流(DC)1000W、雰囲気ガスはアルゴンでガス流量は50sccm、スパッタ時圧力は0.5Paとし、銀からなる厚み0.05μmの導電膜を形成して導電層を得た。
ポリビニルブチラール(水酸基の含有率30モル%、アセチル化度1モル%、ブチラール化度69モル%、平均重合度1700)100重量部に対し、可塑剤としてトリエチレングリコールジ-2-エチルヘキサノエート(3GO)40重量部と、紫外線遮蔽剤として2-(2’-ヒドロキシ-3’-t-ブチル-5-メチルフェニル)-5-クロロベンゾトリアゾール(BASF社製「Tinuvin326」)0.5重量部と、酸化防止剤として2,6-ジ-t-ブチル-p-クレゾール(BHT)0.5重量部とを添加し、ミキシングロールで充分に混練し、組成物を得た。得られた組成物を押出機により押出して、厚み380μmの単層の樹脂膜を得た。得られた樹脂膜の一方の表面をエンボス加工して、JIS B0601-1982に準拠して測定される十点平均粗さRzが35μmであるエンボスを付与した。更に、樹脂膜を50℃の条件で、30分間アニール処理をして、第1の樹脂層として樹脂層Dを得た。
得られた樹脂層DについてJIS C2151に準拠して150℃、30分間熱処理後の熱収縮率を測定したところ、MD方向で5.2%、TD方向で5.5%であった。
上記樹脂層Dを2つ用意し、1つの樹脂層Dは上記導電層に、エンボス加工を施した面が導電層側となるように、もう1つの樹脂層Dは上記導電層の基材側の面に、エンボス加工を施した面が基材側となるように重ね、熱圧着することにより、樹脂層D/導電層/樹脂層Dの3層構造の合わせガラス用中間膜を製造した。熱圧着は、熱圧着ラミネーター(エム・シー・ケー社製「MRK-650Y型」)を用いて、加熱温度120℃、圧着時の圧力2kN、搬送時の張力100Nの条件で、ロールツーロール方式により行った。熱圧着には上下のロールがともにゴムからなるラミネートロールを用いた。
(1)導電層の調製
基材としてポリイミドからなる厚み50μmのフィルムを用いた。該基材についてJIS C2151に準拠して150℃、30分間熱処理後の熱収縮率を測定したところ、MD方向で1.1%、TD方向で1.2%であった。
上記基材に、ターゲットを銀とし、スパッタリングを行った。スパッタパワーは直流(DC)1000W、雰囲気ガスはアルゴンでガス流量は50sccm、スパッタ時圧力は0.5Paとし、銀からなる厚み0.05μmの導電膜を形成して導電層を得た。
ポリビニルブチラール(水酸基の含有率30モル%、アセチル化度1モル%、ブチラール化度69モル%、平均重合度1700)100重量部に対し、可塑剤としてトリエチレングリコールジ-2-エチルヘキサノエート(3GO)40重量部と、紫外線遮蔽剤として2-(2’-ヒドロキシ-3’-t-ブチル-5-メチルフェニル)-5-クロロベンゾトリアゾール(BASF社製「Tinuvin326」)0.5重量部と、酸化防止剤として2,6-ジ-t-ブチル-p-クレゾール(BHT)0.5重量部とを添加し、ミキシングロールで充分に混練し、組成物を得た。得られた組成物を押出機により押出して、厚み380μmの単層の樹脂膜を得た。得られた樹脂膜の一方の表面をエンボス加工して、JIS B0601-1982に準拠して測定される十点平均粗さRzが35μmであるエンボスを付与した。更に、樹脂膜を50℃の条件で、30分間アニール処理をして、第1の樹脂層として樹脂層Eを得た。
得られた樹脂層EについてJIS C2151に準拠して150℃、30分間熱処理後の熱収縮率を測定したところ、MD方向で5.4%、TD方向で5.5%であった。
上記樹脂層Eを2つ用意し、1つの樹脂層Eは上記導電層に、エンボス加工を施した面が導電層側となるように、もう1つの樹脂層Eは上記導電層の基材側の面に、エンボス加工を施した面が基材側となるように重ね、熱圧着することにより、樹脂層E/導電層/樹脂層Eの3層構造の合わせガラス用中間膜を製造した。熱圧着は、熱圧着ラミネーター(エム・シー・ケー社製「MRK-650Y型」)を用いて、加熱温度120℃、圧着時の圧力2kN、搬送時の張力100Nの条件で、ロールツーロール方式により行った。熱圧着には上下のロールがともにゴムからなるラミネートロールを用いた。
実施例及び比較例で得られた合わせガラス用中間膜について、以下の方法により評価を行った。
結果を表1に示した。
実施例及び比較例で得られた合わせガラス用中間膜を用いて、車両用フロントガラスを作製した。該車両用フロントガラスは、車両形状にあわせて、曲線部分を有するものである。
合わせガラス用中間膜を二枚の車両フロントガラス用クリアガラス板の間に挟み、はみ出た部分を切り取り、合わせガラス構成体を得た。得られた合わせガラス構成体をゴムバッグ内に移し、ゴムバッグを吸引減圧機に接続し、加熱すると同時に-60kPa(絶対圧力16kPa)の減圧下で10分間保持し、合わせガラス構成体の温度(予備圧着温度)が70℃となるように加熱した後、大気圧に戻して予備圧着を終了した。予備圧着された合わせガラス構成体をオートクレーブ中に入れ、温度140℃、圧力1300kPaの条件下で10分間保持した後、50℃まで温度を下げ大気圧に戻すことにより本圧着を終了して、車両用フロントガラスを得た。
得られた車両用フロントガラスについて、特にフロントガラス周縁部に近いガラスの曲線部分を重点的に目視にて全体を観察して、以下の基準で評価を行った。
○:ガラス面に対してフィルムのシワやよれ等の外観不良が全く認められなかった。
×:ガラス面に対してフィルムのシワやよれ等の外観不良が認められた。
実施例及び比較例で得られた合わせガラス用中間膜について、合わせガラス用中間膜の状態で導電層の抵抗値を測定した。抵抗値の測定は以下で実施した。まず、中間膜の導電層の両端に、幅10mm、長さ100mmの銅箔テープを導電層に密着するように貼り付け、電極とした。その後、直流電源(菊水電子製 PWR800L)を用いて、48Vの電源を印加し、その際の抵抗値を測定した。抵抗値の測定には、高精度高機能抵抗率計 ロレスターGX(三菱アナリテック社製)を用いた。
一方、合わせガラスの外観の評価と同様の方法にて合わせガラスを製造し、製造後の合わせガラスに中間膜の場合と同様に、銅箔テープを介して電源を接続し、得られた合わせガラス中の導電層の抵抗値を測定した。
合わせガラス用中間膜の状態での抵抗値の絶対値Aと、合わせガラスを製造した後の抵抗値の絶対値Bとをもとに、以下の基準にて評価を行った。
◎:AとBの差が5Ω/sq未満であった。
○:AとBの差が5Ω/sq以上、10Ω/sq未満であった。
×:AとBの差が10Ω/sq以上であった。
2 導電層
21 基材
22 導電膜
3 第1の樹脂層
4 第2の樹脂層
Claims (3)
- 熱可塑性樹脂を含有する基材と該基材上に形成された導電膜とを有する導電層と、前記導電層の導電膜側に積層された、ポリビニルアセタールを含有する第1の樹脂層とを有する合わせガラス用中間膜であって、
前記基材は、JIS C2151に準拠して測定される150℃、30分間熱処理後の熱収縮率がMD、TD方向共に1.0~3.5%であり、
前記基材のJIS C2151に準拠して測定される150℃、30分間熱処理後の熱収縮率と、前記第1の樹脂層のJIS C2151に準拠して測定される150℃、30分間熱処理後の熱収縮率との差の絶対値がMD、TD方向共に10%以下である
ことを特徴とする合わせガラス用中間膜。 - 更に、前記導電層の導電膜側とは反対側に積層された、ポリビニルアセタールを含有する第2の樹脂層を有し、前記基材のJIS C2151に準拠して測定される150℃、30分間熱処理後の熱収縮率と、前記第2の樹脂層のJIS C2151に準拠して測定される150℃、30分間熱処理後の熱収縮率との差の絶対値がMD、TD方向共に10%以下であることを特徴とする請求項1記載の合わせガラス用中間膜。
- 請求項1又は2記載の合わせガラス用中間膜が、一対のガラス板の間に積層されていることを特徴とする合わせガラス。
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JP2013086987A (ja) * | 2011-10-14 | 2013-05-13 | Asahi Glass Co Ltd | 合わせガラス |
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EP0077672B1 (en) * | 1981-10-19 | 1986-06-25 | Teijin Limited | Selectively light transmitting film and preformed laminar structure |
US5024895A (en) * | 1990-06-18 | 1991-06-18 | Monsanto Company | Laminate for a safety glazing |
US20110097572A1 (en) * | 2008-06-16 | 2011-04-28 | Masaaki Yonekura | Process for Production of Laminated Glass Interleaved with Plastic Film and Laminated Glass Interleaved with Plastic Film |
JP5707669B2 (ja) * | 2009-02-05 | 2015-04-30 | セントラル硝子株式会社 | プラスチックフィルム挿入合わせガラス |
JP2014201450A (ja) * | 2013-04-01 | 2014-10-27 | コニカミノルタ株式会社 | 熱線遮断性合わせガラス及び熱線遮断性合わせガラスの製造方法 |
WO2015104981A1 (ja) * | 2014-01-09 | 2015-07-16 | コニカミノルタ株式会社 | 赤外線反射フィルム、赤外線反射フィルムの製造方法及び合わせガラスの製造方法 |
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2016
- 2016-11-25 EP EP16868655.8A patent/EP3381882A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2016-11-25 JP JP2017503035A patent/JPWO2017090712A1/ja active Pending
- 2016-11-25 KR KR1020187013319A patent/KR20180086415A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2016-11-25 CN CN201680067575.2A patent/CN108290783A/zh active Pending
- 2016-11-25 WO PCT/JP2016/084929 patent/WO2017090712A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2016-11-25 US US15/773,234 patent/US20180319133A1/en not_active Abandoned
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JPS5867453A (ja) * | 1981-10-20 | 1983-04-22 | 帝人株式会社 | 合せ窓の製造法 |
JPS5981161A (ja) * | 1982-11-01 | 1984-05-10 | 帝人株式会社 | 選択光透過性フイルム |
JPS60225747A (ja) * | 1984-04-25 | 1985-11-11 | 帝人株式会社 | 機能性フイルム |
JPS63160836A (ja) * | 1986-12-25 | 1988-07-04 | 旭硝子株式会社 | 安全ガラス用積層体及び安全ガラス |
JP2004503402A (ja) * | 2000-06-09 | 2004-02-05 | スリーエム イノベイティブ プロパティズ カンパニー | 防皺性赤外反射フィルム、およびそれから製造される非平面積層物品 |
JP2008222513A (ja) | 2007-03-14 | 2008-09-25 | Nippon Sheet Glass Co Ltd | 導電膜を有する合わせガラス、および合わせガラス用中間膜 |
WO2011078137A1 (ja) * | 2009-12-24 | 2011-06-30 | 旭硝子株式会社 | 合わせガラスとその製造方法 |
JP2013086987A (ja) * | 2011-10-14 | 2013-05-13 | Asahi Glass Co Ltd | 合わせガラス |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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See also references of EP3381882A4 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN108290783A (zh) | 2018-07-17 |
JPWO2017090712A1 (ja) | 2018-09-13 |
US20180319133A1 (en) | 2018-11-08 |
EP3381882A1 (en) | 2018-10-03 |
EP3381882A4 (en) | 2019-07-31 |
KR20180086415A (ko) | 2018-07-31 |
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