WO2017088226A1 - Experimental apparatus and method for simulating stratum deformation in natural gas hydrate exploitation process - Google Patents

Experimental apparatus and method for simulating stratum deformation in natural gas hydrate exploitation process Download PDF

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WO2017088226A1
WO2017088226A1 PCT/CN2015/098515 CN2015098515W WO2017088226A1 WO 2017088226 A1 WO2017088226 A1 WO 2017088226A1 CN 2015098515 W CN2015098515 W CN 2015098515W WO 2017088226 A1 WO2017088226 A1 WO 2017088226A1
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pressure
chamber
hydrate
gas
water
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PCT/CN2015/098515
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
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李小森
王屹
冯景春
张郁
李刚
陈朝阳
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中国科学院广州能源研究所
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of natural gas hydrate exploitation, in particular to an experimental device and an experimental method for simulating formation deformation of a natural gas hydrate production process.
  • Natural Gas Hydrate is a white solid crystalline material formed by the interaction of small hydrocarbons such as light hydrocarbons, CO 2 and H 2 S with water under certain conditions (can be burned due to fire, commonly known as flammable Ice) is a non-stoichiometric crystalline compound, or clathrate hydrate, gas hydrate.
  • the main component of natural gas in NGH that exists in nature is methane (>90%), so it is often called Methane Hydrate.
  • methane >90%), so it is often called Methane Hydrate.
  • Methane Hydrate Theoretically, in a saturated methane hydrate molecular structure, the molar ratio of methane to water is 1:6. Under standard conditions, the volume ratio of methane gas to methane hydrate is 164:1, that is, unit volume Methane hydrate decomposition produces 164 units of methane gas and is therefore an important potential future resource.
  • the NGH reserves on the earth are very rich. About 27% of the land (mostly distributed in the frozen rock) and 90% of the sea contain NGH. The NGH on the land exists in the depth of 200-2000m, and the sediments under the seabed The depth of NGH is 500-800m. The NGH resources in the marine area account for 99% of the total hydrate resources. According to the resource survey, NGH is contained in the South China Sea, the East China Sea, the slopes, the Okinawa Sea, and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Therefore, it is an effective way to alleviate the increasing energy pressure by studying the effective, rapid and economical exploitation method of natural gas hydrate and providing experimental basis and basis for large-scale exploitation of natural gas hydrate.
  • Natural gas hydrates exist in permafrost and seabed sediments, and conventional oil and gas production methods cannot be directly applied to the exploitation of natural gas hydrates. Since hydrates are stable in relatively low temperature and high pressure environments, the main idea of mining hydrates is to destroy the equilibrium conditions in which hydrates are stable. The hydrates are decomposed in situ in the hydrate reservoir and are used in the corresponding mining equipment. Mining out, the corresponding mining ideas are mainly the following three, namely heat shock method, pressure reduction method and chemical reagent method.
  • Natural gas hydrates are an important part of the reservoir's geological structure, and together with the sand in the sedimentary layer, provide the strength required to maintain the reservoir formation stable. Pure water from the perspective of formation stability The strength of the compound is 20 times that of pure ice, and the presence of natural gas hydrate plays a crucial role in the stability of the formation. Therefore, whether the heat shock method, the pressure reduction method or the injection of the inhibitor method is adopted, the problem of the stability of the formation cannot be ignored.
  • the decomposition of hydrate during the mining process not only causes a part of the solid components to disappear from the reservoir, but also generates water and gas.
  • the formation of water causes partial liquefaction of the deposited layer, thereby losing shear resistance.
  • the generation and diffusion of gas creates additional pore pressure, and the increase in pore pressure causes the effective stress of the formation to decrease significantly, thereby also reducing the strength of the formation.
  • the decomposition of the hydrate reservoir at a lower position below sea level will first cause the formation to settle at this location, and the deformation will propagate upward.
  • the overlying soil landslide in the upper hydrate reservoir will reduce the overburden pressure, resulting in upper hydration.
  • the research on natural gas hydrate mining in the world is mainly in the stage of laboratory simulation and numerical simulation.
  • laboratory simulation there are many experimental simulation devices for natural gas hydrate mining in the world, which generally include: high pressure reactor, liquid injection system, gas injection system, outlet control system and data acquisition system.
  • the simulation study of hydrate mining mainly focuses on the study of the effect of mining methods and the study of heat and mass transfer in the mining process.
  • one of the objects of the present invention is to provide an experimental apparatus for formation deformation of a natural gas hydrate production process, which can simulate various geological conditions and hydrate samples under various morphological conditions.
  • the influence of the deformation on the formation during the decomposition process makes the natural gas hydrate mining simulation experiment closer to the natural conditions, and obtains the basic data of the influence of natural gas hydrate mining on the formation deformation, which provides the experimental basis and basis for the exploitation of natural gas hydrate in reality.
  • An experimental apparatus for simulating formation deformation of a natural gas hydrate production process comprising:
  • a reaction vessel comprising a reactor body with a sealed accommodating space and an inner sleeve installed in the body of the reactor, the reactor body comprising a side wall, an upper wall and a lower wall, wherein the inner sleeve and the upper sleeve Wall and down
  • the wall encloses a sample chamber for placing the sample, and the inner sleeve, the side wall, and the upper and lower walls enclose a confining pressure chamber;
  • a shaft compression piston comprising a piston body extending into the sample chamber and a connecting portion, the lower end of the connecting portion being fixedly connected to the piston body, the upper end of which extends to the outer side of the upper wall, the piston body and the inner sleeve And a shaft pressure chamber that is not in communication with the sample chamber;
  • An outer jacket encloses the reaction vessel, the outer jacket and the reaction kettle enclose a bath cavity, and the temperature in the bath cavity is changed by a temperature control system to adjust the operating environment temperature in the reactor ;
  • An axial pressure control system for injecting water into the shaft pressure chamber or pumping water from the shaft pressure chamber to change the pressure in the chamber of the shaft pressure chamber;
  • a confining pressure control system for injecting water into the confining pressure chamber or pumping water from the confining pressure chamber to change the pressure in the chamber of the confining pressure chamber;
  • a production system for collecting products from the sample chamber is
  • the reactor body is specifically composed of a casing, a reaction vessel upper cover and a reaction vessel lower cover, wherein the side wall is the upper and lower end open and hollow casing, and the reaction vessel upper cover and the reaction vessel lower cover respectively pass
  • the upper flange and the lower flange are fixed on the upper open end of the casing, and the upper wall is an upper flange fixedly connected to the upper end of the casing, and an upper sealing plug is passed between the upper flange and the upper end of the inner casing (eg
  • the rubber ring is sealed, and the lower wall is a lower flange fixedly coupled to the lower end of the housing, and is sealed by a lower sealing plug between the lower flange and the lower end of the inner sleeve.
  • Sample cavity volume 100mL-10m 3 can, for the real gas hydrate analog geological conditions, the sample chamber must be greater than the design pressure 20MPa.
  • the injection system includes:
  • a gas injection unit which injects a gas source into the sample chamber through a gas pressurization system to detect a gas leakage condition of the experimental device and inject a reaction gas required to generate a hydrate into the sample chamber;
  • the liquid injection unit injects deionized water of the water source into the sample chamber through an advection pump to obtain pore water saturation consistent with the actual hydrate mineral storage conditions.
  • the experimental device further includes a controller in which a first pressure sensor, a second pressure sensor, a third pressure sensor and a temperature sensor are respectively installed in the axial pressure chamber, the pressure chamber sample chamber and the bath chamber, and the axial pressure piston A displacement sensor is mounted thereon, and the signal output ends of the first pressure sensor, the second pressure sensor, the third pressure sensor, the temperature sensor, and the displacement sensor are electrically connected to the controller.
  • the axial pressure control system is a manual water injection pump, when the pressure value measured by the first pressure sensor is less than the axial pressure
  • the manual water injection pump is started to inject water into the axial pressure chamber, and when the pressure value measured by the first pressure sensor is greater than the set pressure value of the axial pressure chamber, the manual water injection pump is started from the shaft. Pumping water in the pressure chamber.
  • the confining pressure control system is a manual water injection pump.
  • the manual water injection pump is started to inject water into the confining pressure chamber, and the second pressure is applied.
  • the manual water injection pump is started to pump water from the confining pressure chamber.
  • the production system includes an outlet pressure controller, a gas-liquid-solid three-phase separator, a solid collection metering balance, a liquid collection metering balance, and a gas flow meter, wherein the gas-liquid-solid three-phase separator passes through the communication pipe and the sample chamber Connected, the outlet pressure controller is a back pressure valve installed on the communication pipe, the gas-liquid-solid three-phase separator is realized by a series of a sand remover and a gas-liquid separator, and the solid-collecting and measuring balance passes through the metering sand remover
  • the mass change records the amount of sand produced, the liquid collection metering balance metering the water quality of the liquid outlet of the gas-liquid separator, the gas meter metering the amount of gas produced by the gas outlet.
  • the bath chamber is a circulating water bath or an air bath.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide an experimental method for formation deformation of natural gas hydrate production process, which can simulate various geological conditions and deformation of formation samples during decomposition of hydrate samples under various morphological conditions.
  • the impact so that the natural gas hydrate mining simulation experiment is closer to the natural conditions, the basic data of the impact of natural gas hydrate mining on the formation deformation, provide experimental basis and basis for the exploitation of natural gas hydrate in reality, the experimental method includes the following steps:
  • Step 1 Using an ice maker to make ice powder particles in a low temperature environment;
  • Step 2 mixing the ice powder particles with the dried porous medium particles, and filling the sample cavity, the operating temperature of the entire filling is zero, to ensure that the ice powder particles do not melt;
  • Step 3 The axial pressure of the sample is controlled by the axial pressure control system, and the ambient temperature during the axial pressure control of the sample remains below zero;
  • Step 4 Inject methane gas into the sample chamber to make the pore pressure higher than the hydrate formation pressure.
  • the sample chamber temperature is lower than zero.
  • hydrate formation begins, and the ice powder particles are directly converted into methane hydrate.
  • the pore pressure is no longer decreased, the ice powder particles are all reacted as hydrates, and the hydrate formation is completed;
  • Step 5 Raise the temperature in the reaction vessel to the temperature under the actual geological conditions, and obtain the required gas-liquid saturation by injecting the liquid into the sample chamber through the injection unit, while maintaining the pressure and temperature in the sample chamber remain unchanged;
  • Step 6 Set the output system pressure to be lower than the hydration decomposition pressure and keep the axial pressure chamber constant. When it begins to break down hydrates;
  • Step 7 Calculate the axial deformation of the sample cavity, the amount of sediment, the amount of water produced, and the amount of gas produced to obtain the corresponding relationship between the axial deformation of the formation and the decomposition of the hydrate.
  • the invention has the beneficial effects that the invention can simulate the influence of various geological conditions and the hydrate samples under various conditions on the deformation of the formation during the decomposition process, and obtain the basic data of the influence of the decomposition of the natural gas hydrate on the deformation of the formation. To provide experimental basis and basis for the exploitation of natural gas hydrates in reality.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a gas hydrate formation experimental apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • an experimental device for simulating formation deformation of a natural gas hydrate production process mainly comprises a reaction kettle, a shaft compression piston 9, an outer jacket 15, an injection system 12, an axial pressure control system 10, and a confining pressure control.
  • the system 11, the production system 13 and the controller are composed of several parts, wherein:
  • the reactor comprises a reactor body with a sealed accommodating space and an inner sleeve 2 installed in the body of the reactor.
  • the reactor body comprises a side wall, an upper wall and a lower wall, wherein the inner sleeve 2, the upper wall and the lower wall surround
  • the sample chamber 1 for placing the sample, the inner sleeve 2, the side wall and the upper wall and the lower wall enclose a confining pressure chamber 4;
  • the reaction vessel body has a casing 3, a reaction vessel upper cover and a reaction vessel lower cover.
  • the side wall is an upper and lower end open and hollow casing 3, and the reaction vessel upper cover and the reaction vessel lower cover are respectively fixed to the upper and lower open ends of the casing through the upper flange and the lower flange, and the upper wall is fixedly connected to Upper flange 6 at the upper end of the housing 3, on the upper flange 6 and the inner sleeve 2
  • the ends are sealed by an upper sealing plug 5 (such as a rubber ring) which is a lower flange 8 fixedly attached to the lower end of the housing 3 and sealed between the lower flange 8 and the lower end of the inner sleeve 2 by a lower sealing plug 7.
  • the sample chamber is cylindrical, and its internal volume can be 1L.
  • the design sample chamber is under 20MPa.
  • the axial compression piston 9 includes a piston body extending into the sample chamber 1 and a connecting portion.
  • the lower end of the connecting portion is fixedly coupled to the piston body, and the upper end thereof extends to the outer side of the upper wall, and the piston body, the inner sleeve 2 and the upper wall are enclosed.
  • a shaft pressure chamber 17 that is not in communication with the sample chamber 1.
  • the outer jacket 15 and the outer jacket 15 surround the reaction kettle, and the outer jacket 15 and the reaction chamber enclose a bath cavity, and the temperature in the bath chamber is changed by the temperature control system 16 to adjust the operating environment temperature in the reaction kettle.
  • the bath chamber is a circulating water bath or an air bath, and the temperature control system controls the operating environment temperature of the entire system using a circulating water bath or an air bath.
  • the controller mainly collects some sensing parameters, specifically: a first pressure sensor, a second pressure sensor, and a third pressure sensor are respectively installed in the shaft pressure chamber 17, the sample chamber 1 of the pressure chamber 4, and the bath chamber. And a temperature sensor, the displacement piston is mounted on the shaft pressure piston, and the signal output ends of the first pressure sensor, the second pressure sensor, the third pressure sensor, the temperature sensor and the displacement sensor are electrically connected to the controller for respectively acquiring the shaft The actual pressure value of the pressure chamber, the actual pressure value of the pressure chamber, the pore pressure value, the operating environment temperature of the experimental device, and the axial shape of the sample chamber.
  • the injection system 12 is used for injecting and injecting liquid into the sample chamber 1.
  • the gas injection unit and the liquid injection unit are injected into the sample chamber 1 through a gas pressurization system to detect leakage of the experimental device.
  • the gas condition and the reaction gas required to generate the hydrate are injected into the sample chamber 1; the liquid injection unit injects deionized water of the water source into the sample chamber 1 through an advection pump to obtain pore water saturation consistent with the actual hydrate mineral storage conditions.
  • the axial pressure control system 10 is configured to inject water into or from the shaft pressure chamber 17 to change the pressure in the chamber of the shaft pressure chamber 17; the axial pressure control system 10 is a manual water pump, when the first pressure When the pressure value measured by the sensor is less than the set pressure value of the shaft pressure chamber, the manual water injection pump is started to inject water into the shaft pressure chamber 17, and when the pressure value measured by the first pressure sensor is greater than the set pressure value of the shaft pressure chamber, the start is started.
  • the hand-pumped water pump draws water from the shaft pressure chamber 17.
  • the confining pressure control system 11 is configured to inject water into the confining pressure chamber 4 or pump water from the confining pressure chamber 4 to change the pressure in the chamber of the confining pressure chamber 4; the confining pressure control system 11 is a manual water injection pump, when the second pressure is When the pressure value measured by the sensor is less than the set pressure value of the confining pressure chamber, the manual water injection pump is started to inject water into the confining pressure chamber 4, and when the pressure value measured by the second pressure sensor is greater than the set pressure value of the confining pressure chamber, the start is started. Hand-pumped water pump from the pressure chamber 4 Pumping water.
  • the production system 13 is used to collect the output from the sample chamber 1.
  • the production system 13 includes an outlet pressure controller, a gas-liquid-solid three-phase separator, a solid collection metering balance, a liquid collection metering balance, and a gas flow meter, wherein the gas-liquid-solid three-phase separator is connected to the sample chamber 1 through a communication conduit.
  • the outlet pressure controller is a back pressure valve 14 installed on the communication pipe.
  • the gas-liquid-solid three-phase separator is realized by a series of a sand remover and a gas-liquid separator.
  • the solid collection metering balance records the amount of sand produced by measuring the mass change of the sand remover.
  • the liquid collection metering balance measures the water quality of the liquid outlet of the gas-liquid separator, and the gas flow meter measures the output gas volume of the gas outlet.
  • Step 101 Using an ice maker to produce ice powder particles of a suitable particle size in a low temperature environment.
  • Step 102 The ice powder particles are mixed with the dried porous medium particles in a lump, layer, vein, granule or dispersion, and filled into the sample chamber of the reaction vessel.
  • the temperature of the entire filling operating environment is zero, which ensures that the ice powder does not melt.
  • Step 103 Turn off the reaction kettle to control the axial pressure and confining pressure of the sample through the axial pressure control system and the confining pressure control system to simulate the geomechanical properties of the seabed. The ambient temperature during the process remains below zero.
  • Step 104 Inject methane gas, the pore pressure is higher than the hydrate formation pressure, keep the system temperature below zero, start to form a hydrate, and the ice powder particles are directly converted into methane hydrate. When the system pressure no longer drops, the ice powder particles are all considered to be hydrated. The hydrate formation is complete.
  • Step 105 Raise the temperature of the system to the temperature under actual geological conditions, and inject the liquid into the reaction vessel through the liquid injection unit to obtain the desired gas-liquid saturation, while maintaining the pressure and temperature unchanged.
  • Step 106 Set the outlet pressure to be lower than the hydration decomposition pressure, and keep the axial pressure constant, and start to decompose the hydrate.
  • Step 107 Metering axial deformation, sediment yield, water production, and gas production. Thereby, the relationship between the axial deformation of the formation and the decomposition of the hydrate is obtained.
  • the total amount of ice powder required is calculated by the total amount of the desired hydrate, and then ice powder having a particle size similar to or slightly larger than that of the porous medium is produced, and the bulk is concentrated in the block.
  • the medium In the medium;
  • the total amount of ice powder required is calculated by the total amount of the desired hydrate, and then ice powder having a particle size similar to that of the porous medium is produced to have a layer thickness of the same thickness as the morphological data.
  • the total amount of ice powder required is first calculated from the total amount of hydrate required, and then ice powder having a particle size similar to that of the porous medium is produced to have the same extension length and curvature as the morphological data.
  • the total amount of ice powder required is calculated by the total amount of the desired hydrate, and then ice powder having a particle size similar to that of the porous medium is prepared to be laid with the same particle size and dispersion as the morphological data.
  • a porous medium In a porous medium;
  • the total amount of ice powder required is calculated by the total amount of the desired hydrate, and then ice powder is produced one order of magnitude smaller than the porous medium particles, so that the ice powder is thoroughly mixed with the porous medium. Fill into the sample chamber.
  • the pressure safety valve must be connected to the reactor, and the safety pressure design is slightly higher than the design pressure. It is because in the experiment of hydrate formation, in the event of a power outage or other failure that causes the hydrate to decompose, the pressure rises, which may cause the pressure to exceed the design pressure, thereby damaging the reactor.
  • the present invention provides an experimental apparatus and an experimental method for formation deformation of a natural gas hydrate production process.
  • the experimental device and the experimental method can simulate the influence of various geological conditions and various morphological conditions on the deformation of the hydrate sample during the decomposition process, and obtain the basic data of the influence of the decomposition of natural gas hydrate on the formation deformation, which is a reality.
  • the exploitation of natural gas hydrate provides experimental basis and basis.

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Abstract

Disclosed is an experimental apparatus for simulating stratum deformation in a natural gas hydrate exploitation process, comprising a reaction kettle, an axial compression piston (9), a kettle jacket (15), an injection system (12), an axial pressure control system (10), a confining pressure control system (11) and an output system (13). Further disclosed is an experimental method for simulating stratum deformation in a natural gas hydrate exploitation process using the experimental apparatus, comprising the following steps: in the process of hydrate generation, ice powder particles with appropriate particle sizes are manufactured with an ice powder production system, and the ice powder is mixed with dried submarine sediment particles, so that hydrate samples with different occurrence modes and different degrees of saturation can be produced; the axial deformation quantity of a sample cavity and gas, water and sediment yield data are calculated in the exploitation experiment and the effect of hydrate samples on stratum deformation under various geological conditions and various occurrence mode conditions during decomposition is simulated, thereby obtaining basic data regarding the effect of the natural gas hydrate decomposition on the stratum deformation, so as to provide an experimental foundation and basis for natural gas hydrate exploitation in reality.

Description

模拟天然气水合物开采过程地层形变的实验装置和方法Experimental apparatus and method for simulating formation deformation in natural gas hydrate mining process 技术领域Technical field
本发明涉及天然气水合物开采领域，尤其涉及的是一种模拟天然气水合物开采过程地层形变的实验装置和实验方法。The invention relates to the field of natural gas hydrate exploitation, in particular to an experimental device and an experimental method for simulating formation deformation of a natural gas hydrate production process.
背景技术Background technique
天然气水合物(Natural Gas Hydrate，NGH)是在一定条件下由轻烃、CO2及H2S等小分子气体与水相互作用过程中形成的白色固态结晶物质(因遇火可以燃烧，俗称可燃冰)，是一种非化学计量型晶体化合物，或称笼形水合物、气体水合物。自然界中存在的NGH中天然气的主要成分为甲烷(>90％)，所以又常称为甲烷水合物(Methane Hydrate)。理论上，一个饱和的甲烷水合物分子结构内，甲烷与水的克分子比为1:6，在标准状况下，甲烷气与甲烷水合物的体积比为164:1，也就是说单位体积的甲烷水合物分解可产生164单位体积的甲烷气体，因而是一种重要的潜在未来资源。Natural Gas Hydrate (NGH) is a white solid crystalline material formed by the interaction of small hydrocarbons such as light hydrocarbons, CO 2 and H 2 S with water under certain conditions (can be burned due to fire, commonly known as flammable Ice) is a non-stoichiometric crystalline compound, or clathrate hydrate, gas hydrate. The main component of natural gas in NGH that exists in nature is methane (>90%), so it is often called Methane Hydrate. Theoretically, in a saturated methane hydrate molecular structure, the molar ratio of methane to water is 1:6. Under standard conditions, the volume ratio of methane gas to methane hydrate is 164:1, that is, unit volume Methane hydrate decomposition produces 164 units of methane gas and is therefore an important potential future resource.
地球上的NGH蕴藏量十分丰富，大约27％的陆地(大部分分布在冻结岩层)和90％的海域都含有NGH，陆地上的NGH存在于200—2000m深处，海底之下沉积物中的NGH埋深为500—800m。其中海洋区域的NGH资源量占水合物总资源量的99％。资源调查显示，我国南海、东海陆坡－冲绳海、青藏高原冻土带都蕴藏着NGH。因此，研究出天然气水合物有效、快速、经济的开采方法，为大规模开采天然气水合物提供实验基础和依据，是缓解与日俱增的能源压力的有效途径。The NGH reserves on the earth are very rich. About 27% of the land (mostly distributed in the frozen rock) and 90% of the sea contain NGH. The NGH on the land exists in the depth of 200-2000m, and the sediments under the seabed The depth of NGH is 500-800m. The NGH resources in the marine area account for 99% of the total hydrate resources. According to the resource survey, NGH is contained in the South China Sea, the East China Sea, the slopes, the Okinawa Sea, and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Therefore, it is an effective way to alleviate the increasing energy pressure by studying the effective, rapid and economical exploitation method of natural gas hydrate and providing experimental basis and basis for large-scale exploitation of natural gas hydrate.
天然气水合物存在于永久冻土层和海底沉积层当中，常规的油气开采方法并不能直接应用于天然气水合物的开采。由于水合物都是稳定的存在于相对低温高压的环境，开采水合物主要的思想就是破坏水合物稳定存在的平衡条件，在水合物藏的原位将水合物分解，并用相应的开采装置将其开采出来，相应的开采思路主要有以下三种，即热激法，降压法和化学试剂法。Natural gas hydrates exist in permafrost and seabed sediments, and conventional oil and gas production methods cannot be directly applied to the exploitation of natural gas hydrates. Since hydrates are stable in relatively low temperature and high pressure environments, the main idea of mining hydrates is to destroy the equilibrium conditions in which hydrates are stable. The hydrates are decomposed in situ in the hydrate reservoir and are used in the corresponding mining equipment. Mining out, the corresponding mining ideas are mainly the following three, namely heat shock method, pressure reduction method and chemical reagent method.
天然气水合物是其所处储层地质结构的重要组成部分，它和沉积层中的沙石共同提供了储层地层保持稳定所需的强度。从地层稳定性的角度考虑，纯净的水 合物的强度是纯冰的20倍，天然气水合物的存在对于地层的稳定性起着至关重要的作用。所以无论采取热激法、降压法还是注入抑制剂的方法进行开采，都不能忽略地层稳定性的问题。Natural gas hydrates are an important part of the reservoir's geological structure, and together with the sand in the sedimentary layer, provide the strength required to maintain the reservoir formation stable. Pure water from the perspective of formation stability The strength of the compound is 20 times that of pure ice, and the presence of natural gas hydrate plays a crucial role in the stability of the formation. Therefore, whether the heat shock method, the pressure reduction method or the injection of the inhibitor method is adopted, the problem of the stability of the formation cannot be ignored.
开采过程中水合物分解的同时不仅使得一部分固体组分从储层中消失，同时会生成水和气体。水的生成会导致沉积层的部分液化，从而失去抗剪能力。气体的生成和扩散则产生了附加孔隙压力，孔隙压力的增大则使得地层的有效应力显著降低，从而也降低了地层的强度。处在海平面以下较低位置的水合物藏的分解首先会造成该位置的地层沉降，变形向上方传播，上方水合物藏的上覆层土体滑坡，上覆压力减小，导致上方的水合物继续分解，产生更多的气体和液体，最终造成大范围的滑坡失稳，严重的还会诱发边坡失稳、地震以及海啸等严重的地质灾害。地层沉降和滑坡在开采井口处最为集中，容易造成开采井口的失稳和井壁的变形。这就是天然气水合物开采过程中最有可能的破坏形式。The decomposition of hydrate during the mining process not only causes a part of the solid components to disappear from the reservoir, but also generates water and gas. The formation of water causes partial liquefaction of the deposited layer, thereby losing shear resistance. The generation and diffusion of gas creates additional pore pressure, and the increase in pore pressure causes the effective stress of the formation to decrease significantly, thereby also reducing the strength of the formation. The decomposition of the hydrate reservoir at a lower position below sea level will first cause the formation to settle at this location, and the deformation will propagate upward. The overlying soil landslide in the upper hydrate reservoir will reduce the overburden pressure, resulting in upper hydration. The material continues to decompose, producing more gas and liquid, which eventually causes a wide range of landslide instability, and severely causes serious geological disasters such as slope instability, earthquakes and tsunamis. Formation settlement and landslide are most concentrated at the production wellhead, which is likely to cause instability of the production wellhead and deformation of the borehole wall. This is the most likely form of damage in gas hydrate mining.
目前世界上的天然气水合物开采研究主要处于实验室模拟和数值模拟的阶段。对于实验室模拟来说，目前世界上的天然气水合物开采实验模拟装置有很多，一般主要包括：高压反应釜，注液***，注气***，出口控制***以及数据采集***。但是水合物开采模拟研究主要集中在开采方法效果研究，以及开采过程的传热传质研究。还没有一种专门模拟天然气水合物开采过程地层形变的实验装置和实验方法。因此，现有技术还有待于改进和发展。At present, the research on natural gas hydrate mining in the world is mainly in the stage of laboratory simulation and numerical simulation. For laboratory simulation, there are many experimental simulation devices for natural gas hydrate mining in the world, which generally include: high pressure reactor, liquid injection system, gas injection system, outlet control system and data acquisition system. However, the simulation study of hydrate mining mainly focuses on the study of the effect of mining methods and the study of heat and mass transfer in the mining process. There is no experimental or experimental method for simulating formation deformation in natural gas hydrate mining processes. Therefore, the prior art has yet to be improved and developed.
发明内容Summary of the invention
针对现有技术的上述缺陷，本发明的目的之一在于提供一种天然气水合物开采过程地层形变的实验装置，该实验装置可以模拟各种地质条件以及各种赋存形态条件下的水合物样品在分解过程中对地层形变的影响，从而使天然气水合物开采模拟实验更接近自然界条件，获得天然气水合物开采对地层形变的影响的基础数据，为现实中开采天然气水合物提供实验基础和依据。In view of the above drawbacks of the prior art, one of the objects of the present invention is to provide an experimental apparatus for formation deformation of a natural gas hydrate production process, which can simulate various geological conditions and hydrate samples under various morphological conditions. The influence of the deformation on the formation during the decomposition process makes the natural gas hydrate mining simulation experiment closer to the natural conditions, and obtains the basic data of the influence of natural gas hydrate mining on the formation deformation, which provides the experimental basis and basis for the exploitation of natural gas hydrate in reality.
本发明解决技术问题所采用的技术方案如下：The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problem is as follows:
一种模拟天然气水合物开采过程地层形变的实验装置，所述实验装置包括：An experimental apparatus for simulating formation deformation of a natural gas hydrate production process, the experimental apparatus comprising:
反应釜，所述反应釜包括带有密封容置空间的反应釜本体以及安装于反应釜本体中的内套，所述反应釜本体包括侧壁、上壁和下壁，其中，内套、上壁和下 壁围成用于放置样品的样品腔，内套、侧壁以及上壁和下壁之间围成围压腔；a reaction vessel comprising a reactor body with a sealed accommodating space and an inner sleeve installed in the body of the reactor, the reactor body comprising a side wall, an upper wall and a lower wall, wherein the inner sleeve and the upper sleeve Wall and down The wall encloses a sample chamber for placing the sample, and the inner sleeve, the side wall, and the upper and lower walls enclose a confining pressure chamber;
轴压活塞，所述轴压活塞包括伸入样品腔中的活塞本体以及连接部，所述连接部的下端固定连接于活塞本体上，其上端延伸至上壁的外侧，所述活塞本体、内套和上壁之间围成不与样品腔连通的轴压腔；a shaft compression piston comprising a piston body extending into the sample chamber and a connecting portion, the lower end of the connecting portion being fixedly connected to the piston body, the upper end of which extends to the outer side of the upper wall, the piston body and the inner sleeve And a shaft pressure chamber that is not in communication with the sample chamber;
釜外夹套，所述釜外夹套包围反应釜，所述釜外夹套和反应釜之间围成浴腔，通过温度控制***改变浴腔内的温度以调节反应釜内的操作环境温度；An outer jacket, the outer jacket encloses the reaction vessel, the outer jacket and the reaction kettle enclose a bath cavity, and the temperature in the bath cavity is changed by a temperature control system to adjust the operating environment temperature in the reactor ;
注入***，用于向样品腔内注气和注液；An injection system for injecting and injecting liquid into the sample chamber;
轴压控制***，用于向轴压腔内注水或从轴压腔内抽水，以改变轴压腔的腔内压力；An axial pressure control system for injecting water into the shaft pressure chamber or pumping water from the shaft pressure chamber to change the pressure in the chamber of the shaft pressure chamber;
围压控制***，用于向围压腔内注水或从围压腔内抽水，以改变围压腔的腔内压力；a confining pressure control system for injecting water into the confining pressure chamber or pumping water from the confining pressure chamber to change the pressure in the chamber of the confining pressure chamber;
产出***，用于从样品腔内采集产出物。A production system for collecting products from the sample chamber.
所述反应釜本体具体有壳体、反应釜上盖和反应釜下盖组成，其中所述侧壁即是该上、下端开口且中空的壳体，反应釜上盖和反应釜下盖分别通过上法兰和下法兰固定于壳体上、下开口端，所述上壁为固定连接于壳体上端的上法兰，在上法兰和内套的上端之间通过上密封塞(如橡胶圈)密封，所述下壁为固定连接于壳体下端的下法兰，在下法兰和内套的下端之间通过下密封塞密封。样品腔内容积100mL-10m3均可，为实现模拟真实天然气水合物地质条件，设计承压样品腔需大于20MPa。The reactor body is specifically composed of a casing, a reaction vessel upper cover and a reaction vessel lower cover, wherein the side wall is the upper and lower end open and hollow casing, and the reaction vessel upper cover and the reaction vessel lower cover respectively pass The upper flange and the lower flange are fixed on the upper open end of the casing, and the upper wall is an upper flange fixedly connected to the upper end of the casing, and an upper sealing plug is passed between the upper flange and the upper end of the inner casing (eg The rubber ring is sealed, and the lower wall is a lower flange fixedly coupled to the lower end of the housing, and is sealed by a lower sealing plug between the lower flange and the lower end of the inner sleeve. Sample cavity volume 100mL-10m 3 can, for the real gas hydrate analog geological conditions, the sample chamber must be greater than the design pressure 20MPa.
注入***包括：The injection system includes:
注气单元，通过气体增压***将气源注入样品腔，以检测实验装置的漏气情况以及向样品腔注入生成水合物所需的反应气；a gas injection unit, which injects a gas source into the sample chamber through a gas pressurization system to detect a gas leakage condition of the experimental device and inject a reaction gas required to generate a hydrate into the sample chamber;
注液单元，通过平流泵将水源的去离子水注入样品腔，以获得和实际水合物矿藏条件一致的孔隙水饱和度。The liquid injection unit injects deionized water of the water source into the sample chamber through an advection pump to obtain pore water saturation consistent with the actual hydrate mineral storage conditions.
所述实验装置进一步包括一控制器，在轴压腔、围压腔样品腔以及浴腔中分别安装有第一压力传感器、第二压力传感器、第三压力传感器和温度传感器，所述轴压活塞上安装有位移传感器，所述第一压力传感器、第二压力传感器、第三压力传感器、温度传感器以及位移传感器的信号输出端均电性连接于控制器。The experimental device further includes a controller in which a first pressure sensor, a second pressure sensor, a third pressure sensor and a temperature sensor are respectively installed in the axial pressure chamber, the pressure chamber sample chamber and the bath chamber, and the axial pressure piston A displacement sensor is mounted thereon, and the signal output ends of the first pressure sensor, the second pressure sensor, the third pressure sensor, the temperature sensor, and the displacement sensor are electrically connected to the controller.
所述轴压控制***为手摇注水泵，当第一压力传感器测得的压力值小于轴压 腔设定压力值时，启动所述手摇注水泵向轴压腔内注水，当第一压力传感器测得的压力值大于轴压腔设定压力值时，启动所述手摇注水泵从轴压腔内抽水。The axial pressure control system is a manual water injection pump, when the pressure value measured by the first pressure sensor is less than the axial pressure When the pressure value is set in the cavity, the manual water injection pump is started to inject water into the axial pressure chamber, and when the pressure value measured by the first pressure sensor is greater than the set pressure value of the axial pressure chamber, the manual water injection pump is started from the shaft. Pumping water in the pressure chamber.
所述围压控制***为手摇注水泵，当第二压力传感器测得的压力值小于围压腔设定压力值时，启动所述手摇注水泵向围压腔内注水，当第二压力传感器测得的压力值大于围压腔设定压力值时，启动所述手摇注水泵从围压腔内抽水。The confining pressure control system is a manual water injection pump. When the pressure value measured by the second pressure sensor is less than the set pressure value of the confining pressure chamber, the manual water injection pump is started to inject water into the confining pressure chamber, and the second pressure is applied. When the pressure value measured by the sensor is greater than the set pressure value of the confining pressure chamber, the manual water injection pump is started to pump water from the confining pressure chamber.
所述产出***包括出口压力控制器、气液固三相分离器、固体收集计量天平、液体收集计量天平以及气体流量计，其中，所述气液固三相分离器通过连通管道与样品腔连通，所述出口压力控制器为安装于连通管道上的回压阀，所述气液固三相分离器由除砂器和气液分离器串联实现，所述固体收集计量天平通过计量除砂器质量变化记录产出砂量，所述液体收集计量天平计量气液分离器液体出口的产水质量，所述气体流量计计量气体出口的产出气量。The production system includes an outlet pressure controller, a gas-liquid-solid three-phase separator, a solid collection metering balance, a liquid collection metering balance, and a gas flow meter, wherein the gas-liquid-solid three-phase separator passes through the communication pipe and the sample chamber Connected, the outlet pressure controller is a back pressure valve installed on the communication pipe, the gas-liquid-solid three-phase separator is realized by a series of a sand remover and a gas-liquid separator, and the solid-collecting and measuring balance passes through the metering sand remover The mass change records the amount of sand produced, the liquid collection metering balance metering the water quality of the liquid outlet of the gas-liquid separator, the gas meter metering the amount of gas produced by the gas outlet.
所述浴腔为循环水浴或空气浴。The bath chamber is a circulating water bath or an air bath.
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种天然气水合物开采过程地层形变的实验方法，该实验方法可以模拟各种地质条件以及各种赋存形态条件下的水合物样品在分解过程中对地层形变的影响，从而使天然气水合物开采模拟实验更接近自然界条件，获得天然气水合物开采对地层形变的影响的基础数据，为现实中开采天然气水合物提供实验基础和依据，该实验方法包括以下步骤：Another object of the present invention is to provide an experimental method for formation deformation of natural gas hydrate production process, which can simulate various geological conditions and deformation of formation samples during decomposition of hydrate samples under various morphological conditions. The impact, so that the natural gas hydrate mining simulation experiment is closer to the natural conditions, the basic data of the impact of natural gas hydrate mining on the formation deformation, provide experimental basis and basis for the exploitation of natural gas hydrate in reality, the experimental method includes the following steps:
步骤1、使用制冰机在低温环境下制作冰粉颗粒；Step 1. Using an ice maker to make ice powder particles in a low temperature environment;
步骤2、将冰粉颗粒与干燥后的多孔介质颗粒混合，并向样品腔中填充，整个填充的操作环境温度为零下，以保证冰粉颗粒不融化；Step 2: mixing the ice powder particles with the dried porous medium particles, and filling the sample cavity, the operating temperature of the entire filling is zero, to ensure that the ice powder particles do not melt;
步骤3、通过轴压控制***控制样品轴压，样品轴压控制过程中环境温度仍然保持零度以下； Step 3. The axial pressure of the sample is controlled by the axial pressure control system, and the ambient temperature during the axial pressure control of the sample remains below zero;
步骤4、向样品腔中注入甲烷气，使孔隙压力高于水合物生成压力，注入甲烷气过程中保持样品腔温度低于零度，此时开始生成水合物，冰粉颗粒直接转化为甲烷水合物，当孔隙压力不再下降时，则冰粉颗粒全部反应为水合物，水合物生成完成； Step 4. Inject methane gas into the sample chamber to make the pore pressure higher than the hydrate formation pressure. When the methane gas is injected, the sample chamber temperature is lower than zero. At this time, hydrate formation begins, and the ice powder particles are directly converted into methane hydrate. When the pore pressure is no longer decreased, the ice powder particles are all reacted as hydrates, and the hydrate formation is completed;
步骤5、升高反应釜内温度至实际地质条件下的温度，通过注液单元向样品腔内的注液，获得所需的气液饱和度，期间保持样品腔内压力与温度保持不变；Step 5: Raise the temperature in the reaction vessel to the temperature under the actual geological conditions, and obtain the required gas-liquid saturation by injecting the liquid into the sample chamber through the injection unit, while maintaining the pressure and temperature in the sample chamber remain unchanged;
步骤6、设定产出***压力低于水合分解压力，并保持轴压腔压力不变，此 时，开始分解水合物； Step 6. Set the output system pressure to be lower than the hydration decomposition pressure and keep the axial pressure chamber constant. When it begins to break down hydrates;
步骤7、计算样品腔轴向形变量、产沙量、产水量和产气量，以获得地层轴向形变与水合物分解的对应关系。 Step 7. Calculate the axial deformation of the sample cavity, the amount of sediment, the amount of water produced, and the amount of gas produced to obtain the corresponding relationship between the axial deformation of the formation and the decomposition of the hydrate.
本发明的有益效果是：本发明可以模拟各种地质条件以及各种赋存形态条件下的水合物样品在分解过程中对地层形变的影响，获得天然气水合物分解对地层形变的影响的基础数据，为现实中开采天然气水合物提供实验基础和依据。The invention has the beneficial effects that the invention can simulate the influence of various geological conditions and the hydrate samples under various conditions on the deformation of the formation during the decomposition process, and obtain the basic data of the influence of the decomposition of the natural gas hydrate on the deformation of the formation. To provide experimental basis and basis for the exploitation of natural gas hydrates in reality.
附图说明DRAWINGS
图1为本发明实施例的天然气水合物生成实验装置示意图。1 is a schematic view of a gas hydrate formation experimental apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
附图标记：1、样品腔；2、内套；3、壳体；4、围压腔；5、上密封塞；6、上法兰；7、下密封塞；8、下法兰；9、轴压活塞；10、轴压控制***；11、围压控制***；12、注入***；13、产出***；14、回压阀；15、釜外夹套；16、温度控制***；17、轴压腔。Reference numerals: 1, sample chamber; 2, inner sleeve; 3, housing; 4, confining pressure chamber; 5, upper sealing plug; 6, upper flange; 7, lower sealing plug; 8, lower flange; , axial compression piston; 10, axial pressure control system; 11, confining pressure control system; 12, injection system; 13, output system; 14, back pressure valve; 15, outside the jacket; 16, temperature control system; , shaft pressure chamber.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明的内容做进一步详细说明。The content of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
实施例：Example:
为使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚、明确，以下参照附图并举实施例对本发明进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
如图1所示，一种模拟天然气水合物开采过程地层形变的实验装置，其主要包括反应釜、轴压活塞9、釜外夹套15、注入***12、轴压控制***10、围压控制***11、产出***13和控制器几个部分组成，其中：As shown in Fig. 1, an experimental device for simulating formation deformation of a natural gas hydrate production process mainly comprises a reaction kettle, a shaft compression piston 9, an outer jacket 15, an injection system 12, an axial pressure control system 10, and a confining pressure control. The system 11, the production system 13 and the controller are composed of several parts, wherein:
反应釜包括带有密封容置空间的反应釜本体以及安装于反应釜本体中的内套2，反应釜本体包括侧壁、上壁和下壁，其中，内套2、上壁和下壁围成用于放置样品的样品腔1，内套2、侧壁以及上壁和下壁之间围成围压腔4；反应釜本体具体有壳体3、反应釜上盖和反应釜下盖组成，上述侧壁为上、下端开口且中空的壳体3，反应釜上盖和反应釜下盖分别通过上法兰和下法兰固定于壳体上、下开口端，上壁为固定连接于壳体3上端的上法兰6，在上法兰6和内套2的上 端之间通过上密封塞5(如橡胶圈)密封，下壁为固定连接于壳体3下端的下法兰8，在下法兰8和内套2的下端之间通过下密封塞7密封。样品腔为圆柱形，其内容积1L均可，设计样品腔承压20MPa。The reactor comprises a reactor body with a sealed accommodating space and an inner sleeve 2 installed in the body of the reactor. The reactor body comprises a side wall, an upper wall and a lower wall, wherein the inner sleeve 2, the upper wall and the lower wall surround The sample chamber 1 for placing the sample, the inner sleeve 2, the side wall and the upper wall and the lower wall enclose a confining pressure chamber 4; the reaction vessel body has a casing 3, a reaction vessel upper cover and a reaction vessel lower cover. The side wall is an upper and lower end open and hollow casing 3, and the reaction vessel upper cover and the reaction vessel lower cover are respectively fixed to the upper and lower open ends of the casing through the upper flange and the lower flange, and the upper wall is fixedly connected to Upper flange 6 at the upper end of the housing 3, on the upper flange 6 and the inner sleeve 2 The ends are sealed by an upper sealing plug 5 (such as a rubber ring) which is a lower flange 8 fixedly attached to the lower end of the housing 3 and sealed between the lower flange 8 and the lower end of the inner sleeve 2 by a lower sealing plug 7. The sample chamber is cylindrical, and its internal volume can be 1L. The design sample chamber is under 20MPa.
轴压活塞9包括伸入样品腔1中的活塞本体以及连接部，连接部的下端固定连接于活塞本体上，其上端延伸至上壁的外侧，活塞本体、内套2和上壁之间围成不与样品腔1连通的轴压腔17。The axial compression piston 9 includes a piston body extending into the sample chamber 1 and a connecting portion. The lower end of the connecting portion is fixedly coupled to the piston body, and the upper end thereof extends to the outer side of the upper wall, and the piston body, the inner sleeve 2 and the upper wall are enclosed. A shaft pressure chamber 17 that is not in communication with the sample chamber 1.
釜外夹套15，釜外夹套15包围反应釜，釜外夹套15和反应釜之间围成浴腔，通过温度控制***16改变浴腔内的温度以调节反应釜内的操作环境温度。浴腔为循环水浴或空气浴，所述温度控制***是利用循环水浴或者空气浴控制整个***的操作环境温度。The outer jacket 15 and the outer jacket 15 surround the reaction kettle, and the outer jacket 15 and the reaction chamber enclose a bath cavity, and the temperature in the bath chamber is changed by the temperature control system 16 to adjust the operating environment temperature in the reaction kettle. . The bath chamber is a circulating water bath or an air bath, and the temperature control system controls the operating environment temperature of the entire system using a circulating water bath or an air bath.
控制器，主要是对一些传感参数进行采集，具体是：在轴压腔17、围压腔4样品腔1以及浴腔中分别安装有第一压力传感器、第二压力传感器、第三压力传感器和温度传感器，轴压活塞上安装有位移传感器，第一压力传感器、第二压力传感器、第三压力传感器、温度传感器以及位移传感器的信号输出端均电性连接于控制器，用于分别采集轴压腔实际压力值、围压腔实际压力值、孔隙压力值、实验装置操作环境温度以及样品腔轴向形变量。The controller mainly collects some sensing parameters, specifically: a first pressure sensor, a second pressure sensor, and a third pressure sensor are respectively installed in the shaft pressure chamber 17, the sample chamber 1 of the pressure chamber 4, and the bath chamber. And a temperature sensor, the displacement piston is mounted on the shaft pressure piston, and the signal output ends of the first pressure sensor, the second pressure sensor, the third pressure sensor, the temperature sensor and the displacement sensor are electrically connected to the controller for respectively acquiring the shaft The actual pressure value of the pressure chamber, the actual pressure value of the pressure chamber, the pore pressure value, the operating environment temperature of the experimental device, and the axial shape of the sample chamber.
注入***12，用于向样品腔1内注气和注液，其包括注气单元和注液单元，注气单元是通过气体增压***将气源注入样品腔1，以检测实验装置的漏气情况以及向样品腔1注入生成水合物所需的反应气；注液单元是通过平流泵将水源的去离子水注入样品腔1，以获得和实际水合物矿藏条件一致的孔隙水饱和度。The injection system 12 is used for injecting and injecting liquid into the sample chamber 1. The gas injection unit and the liquid injection unit are injected into the sample chamber 1 through a gas pressurization system to detect leakage of the experimental device. The gas condition and the reaction gas required to generate the hydrate are injected into the sample chamber 1; the liquid injection unit injects deionized water of the water source into the sample chamber 1 through an advection pump to obtain pore water saturation consistent with the actual hydrate mineral storage conditions.
轴压控制***10，用于向轴压腔17内注水或从轴压腔17内抽水，以改变轴压腔17的腔内压力；轴压控制***10为手摇注水泵，当第一压力传感器测得的压力值小于轴压腔设定压力值时，启动手摇注水泵向轴压腔17内注水，当第一压力传感器测得的压力值大于轴压腔设定压力值时，启动手摇注水泵从轴压腔17内抽水。The axial pressure control system 10 is configured to inject water into or from the shaft pressure chamber 17 to change the pressure in the chamber of the shaft pressure chamber 17; the axial pressure control system 10 is a manual water pump, when the first pressure When the pressure value measured by the sensor is less than the set pressure value of the shaft pressure chamber, the manual water injection pump is started to inject water into the shaft pressure chamber 17, and when the pressure value measured by the first pressure sensor is greater than the set pressure value of the shaft pressure chamber, the start is started. The hand-pumped water pump draws water from the shaft pressure chamber 17.
围压控制***11，用于向围压腔4内注水或从围压腔4内抽水，以改变围压腔4的腔内压力；围压控制***11为手摇注水泵，当第二压力传感器测得的压力值小于围压腔设定压力值时，启动手摇注水泵向围压腔4内注水，当第二压力传感器测得的压力值大于围压腔设定压力值时，启动手摇注水泵从围压腔4内 抽水。The confining pressure control system 11 is configured to inject water into the confining pressure chamber 4 or pump water from the confining pressure chamber 4 to change the pressure in the chamber of the confining pressure chamber 4; the confining pressure control system 11 is a manual water injection pump, when the second pressure is When the pressure value measured by the sensor is less than the set pressure value of the confining pressure chamber, the manual water injection pump is started to inject water into the confining pressure chamber 4, and when the pressure value measured by the second pressure sensor is greater than the set pressure value of the confining pressure chamber, the start is started. Hand-pumped water pump from the pressure chamber 4 Pumping water.
产出***13用于从样品腔1内采集产出物。产出***13包括出口压力控制器、气液固三相分离器、固体收集计量天平、液体收集计量天平以及气体流量计，其中，气液固三相分离器通过连通管道与样品腔1连通，出口压力控制器为安装于连通管道上的回压阀14，气液固三相分离器由除砂器和气液分离器串联实现，固体收集计量天平通过计量除砂器质量变化记录产出砂量，液体收集计量天平计量气液分离器液体出口的产水质量，气体流量计计量气体出口的产出气量。The production system 13 is used to collect the output from the sample chamber 1. The production system 13 includes an outlet pressure controller, a gas-liquid-solid three-phase separator, a solid collection metering balance, a liquid collection metering balance, and a gas flow meter, wherein the gas-liquid-solid three-phase separator is connected to the sample chamber 1 through a communication conduit. The outlet pressure controller is a back pressure valve 14 installed on the communication pipe. The gas-liquid-solid three-phase separator is realized by a series of a sand remover and a gas-liquid separator. The solid collection metering balance records the amount of sand produced by measuring the mass change of the sand remover. The liquid collection metering balance measures the water quality of the liquid outlet of the gas-liquid separator, and the gas flow meter measures the output gas volume of the gas outlet.
本发明实施例的一种基于上述所述合成海洋天然气水合物样品的实验方法，包括：An experimental method for synthesizing a marine gas hydrate sample according to the above embodiment of the present invention, comprising:
步骤101：使用制冰机在低温环境下制作合适粒径的冰粉颗粒。Step 101: Using an ice maker to produce ice powder particles of a suitable particle size in a low temperature environment.
步骤102：将冰粉颗粒以块状、层状、脉状、颗粒状或者分散状与干燥后的多孔介质颗粒混合，并向反应釜的样品腔中填充。整个填充的操作环境温度为零下，可以保证冰粉不融化。Step 102: The ice powder particles are mixed with the dried porous medium particles in a lump, layer, vein, granule or dispersion, and filled into the sample chamber of the reaction vessel. The temperature of the entire filling operating environment is zero, which ensures that the ice powder does not melt.
步骤103：关闭反应釜通过轴压控制***、围压控制***分别控制样品轴压、围压，以模拟海底地质力学性质。过程中环境温度任然保持零度以下。Step 103: Turn off the reaction kettle to control the axial pressure and confining pressure of the sample through the axial pressure control system and the confining pressure control system to simulate the geomechanical properties of the seabed. The ambient temperature during the process remains below zero.
步骤104：注入甲烷气，令孔隙压力高于水合物生成压力，保持***温度低于零度，开始生成水合物，冰粉颗粒直接转化为甲烷水合物。当***压力不再下降时，认为冰粉颗粒全部反应为水合物。水合物生成完成。Step 104: Inject methane gas, the pore pressure is higher than the hydrate formation pressure, keep the system temperature below zero, start to form a hydrate, and the ice powder particles are directly converted into methane hydrate. When the system pressure no longer drops, the ice powder particles are all considered to be hydrated. The hydrate formation is complete.
步骤105：升高***温度至实际地质条件下的温度，通过注液单元向反应釜内注液，获得所需的气液饱和度，期间保持压力与温度保持不变。Step 105: Raise the temperature of the system to the temperature under actual geological conditions, and inject the liquid into the reaction vessel through the liquid injection unit to obtain the desired gas-liquid saturation, while maintaining the pressure and temperature unchanged.
步骤106：设定出口压力低于水合分解压力，并保持轴压不变，开始分解水合物。Step 106: Set the outlet pressure to be lower than the hydration decomposition pressure, and keep the axial pressure constant, and start to decompose the hydrate.
步骤107：计量轴向形变量、产沙量、产水量和产气量。从而获得地层轴向形变与水合物分解的关系。Step 107: Metering axial deformation, sediment yield, water production, and gas production. Thereby, the relationship between the axial deformation of the formation and the decomposition of the hydrate is obtained.
在上面步骤中提到的将冰粉以块状、层状、脉状、颗粒状或者分散状与干燥后的多孔介质颗粒混合填充的过程，详细介绍如下：The process of mixing the ice powder in a block, layer, vein, granule or dispersion with the dried porous medium particles mentioned in the above steps is described in detail as follows:
当生成块状水合物时，先通过所需水合物总量计算出所需冰粉总量，然后制作出与多孔介质相似或略大的颗粒大小的冰粉，以块状集中的堆积在多孔介质中； When a bulk hydrate is formed, the total amount of ice powder required is calculated by the total amount of the desired hydrate, and then ice powder having a particle size similar to or slightly larger than that of the porous medium is produced, and the bulk is concentrated in the block. In the medium;
当生成层状水水物时，先通过所需水合物总量计算出所需冰粉总量，然后制作出与多孔介质相似颗粒大小的冰粉，以和形态学数据相同厚度的层状的铺设在多孔介质中；When the layered water is generated, the total amount of ice powder required is calculated by the total amount of the desired hydrate, and then ice powder having a particle size similar to that of the porous medium is produced to have a layer thickness of the same thickness as the morphological data. Laying in a porous medium;
当生成脉状水合物时，先通过所需水合物总量计算出所需冰粉总量，然后制作出与多孔介质相似颗粒大小的冰粉，以和形态学数据相同的延伸长度以及弯曲度铺设在多孔介质中；When a pulse hydrate is formed, the total amount of ice powder required is first calculated from the total amount of hydrate required, and then ice powder having a particle size similar to that of the porous medium is produced to have the same extension length and curvature as the morphological data. Laying in a porous medium;
当生成颗粒状水合物时，先通过所需水合物总量计算出所需冰粉总量，然后制作出与多孔介质相似颗粒大小的冰粉，以和形态学数据相同颗粒大小以及分散度铺设在多孔介质中；When a particulate hydrate is formed, the total amount of ice powder required is calculated by the total amount of the desired hydrate, and then ice powder having a particle size similar to that of the porous medium is prepared to be laid with the same particle size and dispersion as the morphological data. In a porous medium;
当生成分散状水合物时，先通过所需水合物总量计算出所需冰粉总量，然后制作出比多孔介质颗粒小一个量级的冰粉，令冰粉与多孔介质充分混合后一起填充至样品腔中。When a dispersed hydrate is formed, the total amount of ice powder required is calculated by the total amount of the desired hydrate, and then ice powder is produced one order of magnitude smaller than the porous medium particles, so that the ice powder is thoroughly mixed with the porous medium. Fill into the sample chamber.
需要强调的是，从安全生产的角度出发，反应釜上必须连接压力安全阀，安全压力设计略高于设计压力。是由于当水合物生成的实验中，一旦出现停电或者其他故障导致水合物分解，压力上升，可能会导致压力超过设计压力，从而损坏反应釜。It should be emphasized that from the perspective of safe production, the pressure safety valve must be connected to the reactor, and the safety pressure design is slightly higher than the design pressure. It is because in the experiment of hydrate formation, in the event of a power outage or other failure that causes the hydrate to decompose, the pressure rises, which may cause the pressure to exceed the design pressure, thereby damaging the reactor.
综上所述，本发明提供了天然气水合物开采过程地层形变的实验装置和实验方法。该实验装置及实验方法可以模拟各种地质条件以及各种赋存形态条件下的水合物样品在分解过程中对地层形变的影响，获得天然气水合物分解对地层形变的影响的基础数据，为现实中开采天然气水合物提供实验基础和依据。In summary, the present invention provides an experimental apparatus and an experimental method for formation deformation of a natural gas hydrate production process. The experimental device and the experimental method can simulate the influence of various geological conditions and various morphological conditions on the deformation of the hydrate sample during the decomposition process, and obtain the basic data of the influence of the decomposition of natural gas hydrate on the formation deformation, which is a reality. The exploitation of natural gas hydrate provides experimental basis and basis.
应当理解的是，本发明的应用不限于上述的举例，对本领域普通技术人员来说，可以根据上述说明加以改进或变换，所有这些改进和变换都应属于本发明所附权利要求的保护范围。 It is to be understood that the application of the present invention is not limited to the above-described examples, and those skilled in the art can make modifications and changes in accordance with the above description, all of which are within the scope of the appended claims .

Claims (9)

  1. 一种模拟天然气水合物开采过程地层形变的实验装置，其特征在于，所述实验装置包括：An experimental apparatus for simulating formation deformation of a natural gas hydrate production process, characterized in that the experimental apparatus comprises:
    反应釜，所述反应釜包括带有密封容置空间的反应釜本体以及安装于反应釜本体中的内套(2)，所述反应釜本体包括侧壁、上壁和下壁，其中，内套(2)、上壁和下壁围成用于放置样品的样品腔(1)，内套(2)、侧壁以及上壁和下壁之间围成围压腔(4)；a reaction vessel comprising a reactor body with a sealed accommodating space and an inner sleeve (2) installed in the body of the reactor, the reactor body including a side wall, an upper wall and a lower wall, wherein a sleeve (2), an upper wall and a lower wall enclosing a sample chamber (1) for placing a sample, an inner sleeve (2), a side wall, and a confining pressure chamber (4) between the upper wall and the lower wall;
    轴压活塞(9)，所述轴压活塞(9)包括伸入样品腔(1)中的活塞本体以及连接部，所述连接部的下端固定连接于活塞本体上，其上端延伸至上壁的外侧，所述活塞本体、内套(2)和上壁之间围成不与样品腔(1)连通的轴压腔(17)；a shaft compression piston (9) comprising a piston body extending into the sample chamber (1) and a connecting portion, the lower end of the connecting portion being fixedly coupled to the piston body, the upper end of which extends to the upper wall Outside, the piston body, the inner sleeve (2) and the upper wall enclose a shaft pressure chamber (17) that is not in communication with the sample chamber (1);
    釜外夹套(15)，所述釜外夹套(15)包围反应釜，所述釜外夹套(15)和反应釜之间围成浴腔，通过温度控制***(16)改变浴腔内的温度以调节反应釜内的操作环境温度；An outer jacket (15), the outer jacket (15) surrounds the reaction vessel, and the outer jacket (15) and the reaction kettle enclose a bath cavity, and the bath cavity is changed by a temperature control system (16). The temperature inside to adjust the operating environment temperature in the reactor;
    注入***(12)，用于向样品腔(1)内注气和注液；An injection system (12) for injecting and injecting liquid into the sample chamber (1);
    轴压控制***(10)，用于向轴压腔(17)内注水或从轴压腔(17)内抽水，以改变轴压腔(17)的腔内压力；An axial pressure control system (10) for injecting water into or from the shaft pressure chamber (17) to change the pressure in the chamber of the shaft pressure chamber (17);
    围压控制***(11)，用于向围压腔(4)内注水或从围压腔(4)内抽水，以改变围压腔(4)的腔内压力；a confining pressure control system (11) for injecting water into the confining pressure chamber (4) or pumping water from the confining pressure chamber (4) to change the pressure in the chamber of the confining pressure chamber (4);
    产出***(13)，用于从样品腔(1)内采集产出物。A production system (13) for collecting the product from the sample chamber (1).
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的模拟天然气水合物开采过程地层形变的实验装置，其特征在于，所述侧壁为上、下端开口且中空的壳体(3)，所述上壁为固定连接于壳体(3)上端的上法兰(6)，在上法兰(6)和内套(2)的上端之间通过上密封塞(5)密封，所述下壁为固定连接于壳体(3)下端的下法兰(8)，在下法兰(8)和内套(2)的下端之间通过下密封塞(7)密封。The experimental device for simulating formation deformation of a natural gas hydrate production process according to claim 1, wherein the side wall is an upper and lower end open and hollow casing (3), and the upper wall is fixedly connected to the casing. The upper flange (6) of the upper end of the body (3) is sealed between the upper flange (6) and the upper end of the inner sleeve (2) by an upper sealing plug (5), and the lower wall is fixedly connected to the housing ( 3) The lower end flange (8) is sealed between the lower flange (8) and the lower end of the inner sleeve (2) by a lower sealing plug (7).
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的模拟天然气水合物开采过程地层形变的实验装置，其特征在于，注入***(12)包括：The experimental apparatus for simulating formation deformation of a natural gas hydrate production process according to claim 1, wherein the injection system (12) comprises:
    注气单元，通过气体增压***将气源注入样品腔(1)，以检测实验装置的漏气情况以及向样品腔(1)注入生成水合物所需的反应气； a gas injection unit, which injects a gas source into the sample chamber (1) through a gas pressurization system to detect a gas leak condition of the experimental device and inject a reaction gas required to generate a hydrate into the sample chamber (1);
    注液单元，通过平流泵将水源的去离子水注入样品腔(1)，以获得和实际水合物矿藏条件一致的孔隙水饱和度。The liquid injection unit injects deionized water of the water source into the sample chamber (1) by an advection pump to obtain pore water saturation consistent with the actual hydrate mineral storage conditions.
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的模拟天然气水合物开采过程地层形变的实验装置，其特征在于，所述实验装置进一步包括一控制器，在轴压腔(17)、围压腔(4)样品腔(1)以及浴腔中分别安装有第一压力传感器、第二压力传感器、第三压力传感器和温度传感器，所述轴压活塞上安装有位移传感器，所述第一压力传感器、第二压力传感器、第三压力传感器、温度传感器以及位移传感器的信号输出端均电性连接于控制器。The experimental apparatus for simulating formation deformation of a natural gas hydrate production process according to claim 1, wherein the experimental apparatus further comprises a controller in the axial pressure chamber (17) and the pressure chamber (4) sample chamber ( 1) and a first pressure sensor, a second pressure sensor, a third pressure sensor and a temperature sensor respectively mounted in the bath cavity, wherein the shaft pressure piston is mounted with a displacement sensor, the first pressure sensor, the second pressure sensor, The signal output ends of the third pressure sensor, the temperature sensor and the displacement sensor are electrically connected to the controller.
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的模拟天然气水合物开采过程地层形变的实验装置，其特征在于，所述轴压控制***(10)为手摇注水泵，当第一压力传感器测得的压力值小于轴压腔设定压力值时，启动所述手摇注水泵向轴压腔(17)内注水，当第一压力传感器测得的压力值大于轴压腔设定压力值时，启动所述手摇注水泵从轴压腔(17)内抽水。The experimental apparatus for simulating formation deformation of a natural gas hydrate production process according to claim 4, wherein the axial pressure control system (10) is a manual water injection pump, and when the pressure value measured by the first pressure sensor is smaller than the shaft When the pressure chamber sets the pressure value, the hand water pump is started to inject water into the shaft pressure chamber (17), and when the pressure value measured by the first pressure sensor is greater than the set pressure value of the shaft pressure chamber, the hand crank is started. The water injection pump draws water from the shaft pressure chamber (17).
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的模拟天然气水合物开采过程地层形变的实验装置，其特征在于，所述围压控制***(11)为手摇注水泵，当第二压力传感器测得的压力值小于围压腔设定压力值时，启动所述手摇注水泵向围压腔(4)内注水，当第二压力传感器测得的压力值大于围压腔设定压力值时，启动所述手摇注水泵从围压腔(4)内抽水。The experimental device for simulating formation deformation of a natural gas hydrate production process according to claim 4, wherein the confining pressure control system (11) is a manual water injection pump, and when the pressure value measured by the second pressure sensor is smaller than the circumference When the pressure chamber sets the pressure value, the hand water pump is started to inject water into the pressure chamber (4), and when the pressure value measured by the second pressure sensor is greater than the pressure value of the pressure chamber, the hand crank is started. The water injection pump draws water from the pressure chamber (4).
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的模拟天然气水合物开采过程地层形变的实验装置，其特征在于，所述产出***(13)包括出口压力控制器、气液固三相分离器、固体收集计量天平、液体收集计量天平以及气体流量计，其中，所述气液固三相分离器通过连通管道与样品腔(1)连通，所述出口压力控制器为安装于连通管道上的回压阀(14)，所述气液固三相分离器由除砂器和气液分离器串联实现，所述固体收集计量天平通过计量除砂器质量变化记录产出砂量，所述液体收集计量天平计量气液分离器液体出口的产水质量，所述气体流量计计量气体出口的产出气量。The experimental apparatus for simulating formation deformation of a natural gas hydrate production process according to claim 1, wherein the production system (13) comprises an outlet pressure controller, a gas-liquid-solid three-phase separator, a solid collection metering balance, a liquid collection metering balance and a gas flow meter, wherein the gas-liquid-solid three-phase separator is in communication with a sample chamber (1) through a communication conduit, the outlet pressure controller being a back pressure valve (14) mounted on the communication conduit The gas-liquid-solid three-phase separator is realized by a series of sand removers and a gas-liquid separator, and the solid-collecting and measuring balance records the amount of sand produced by measuring the mass change of the sand remover, and the liquid-collecting and measuring balance measures the gas-liquid separation. The quality of the produced water at the liquid outlet, which measures the amount of gas produced at the gas outlet.
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的模拟天然气水合物开采过程地层形变的实验装置，其特征在于，所述浴腔为循环水浴或空气浴。The experimental apparatus for simulating formation deformation of a natural gas hydrate production process according to claim 1, wherein the bath chamber is a circulating water bath or an air bath.
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的实验装置进行模拟天然气水合物开采过程地层形 变的实验方法，其特征在于，其包括以下步骤：The experimental apparatus according to claim 1 performs a simulated formation of a natural gas hydrate mining process A modified experimental method, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
    步骤1、使用制冰机在低温环境下制作冰粉颗粒；Step 1. Using an ice maker to make ice powder particles in a low temperature environment;
    步骤2、将冰粉颗粒与干燥后的多孔介质颗粒混合，并向样品腔中填充，整个填充的操作环境温度为零下，以保证冰粉颗粒不融化；Step 2: mixing the ice powder particles with the dried porous medium particles, and filling the sample cavity, the operating temperature of the entire filling is zero, to ensure that the ice powder particles do not melt;
    步骤3、通过轴压控制***控制样品轴压，样品轴压控制过程中环境温度仍然保持零度以下；Step 3. The axial pressure of the sample is controlled by the axial pressure control system, and the ambient temperature during the axial pressure control of the sample remains below zero;
    步骤4、向样品腔中注入甲烷气，使孔隙压力高于水合物生成压力，注入甲烷气过程中保持样品腔温度低于零度，此时开始生成水合物，冰粉颗粒直接转化为甲烷水合物，当孔隙压力不再下降时，则冰粉颗粒全部反应为水合物，水合物生成完成；Step 4. Inject methane gas into the sample chamber to make the pore pressure higher than the hydrate formation pressure. When the methane gas is injected, the sample chamber temperature is lower than zero. At this time, hydrate formation begins, and the ice powder particles are directly converted into methane hydrate. When the pore pressure is no longer decreased, the ice powder particles are all reacted as hydrates, and the hydrate formation is completed;
    步骤5、升高反应釜内温度至实际地质条件下的温度，通过注液单元向样品腔内的注液，获得所需的气液饱和度，期间保持样品腔内压力与温度保持不变；Step 5: Raise the temperature in the reaction vessel to the temperature under the actual geological conditions, and obtain the required gas-liquid saturation by injecting the liquid into the sample chamber through the injection unit, while maintaining the pressure and temperature in the sample chamber remain unchanged;
    步骤6、设定产出***压力低于水合分解压力，并保持轴压腔压力不变，此时，开始分解水合物；Step 6. Set the output system pressure to be lower than the hydration decomposition pressure, and keep the pressure of the axial pressure chamber constant. At this time, start to decompose the hydrate;
    步骤7、计算样品腔轴向形变量、产沙量、产水量和产气量，以获得地层轴向形变与水合物分解的对应关系。 Step 7. Calculate the axial deformation of the sample cavity, the amount of sediment, the amount of water produced, and the amount of gas produced to obtain the corresponding relationship between the axial deformation of the formation and the decomposition of the hydrate.
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