CN108760575A - Consider that hydrate decompression exploitation induces sand borehole wall static liquefaction model test apparatus - Google Patents
Consider that hydrate decompression exploitation induces sand borehole wall static liquefaction model test apparatus Download PDFInfo
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- CN108760575A CN108760575A CN201810527097.XA CN201810527097A CN108760575A CN 108760575 A CN108760575 A CN 108760575A CN 201810527097 A CN201810527097 A CN 201810527097A CN 108760575 A CN108760575 A CN 108760575A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N11/00—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of geotechnical engineering model test apparatus, specially consider that hydrate decompression exploitation induces sand borehole wall static liquefaction model test apparatus.Including seal box, Hydraulic Conirol Unit, ventilating control component, temperature-controlling module, Volume Loss control assembly and the data acquisition components that front side is glass, water, clay, sand are from top to bottom filled in model casing, recovery well is being buried close to the side of glass；Hydraulic Conirol Unit controls the pressure of water in seal box；Ventilating control component is used to simulate the process that saturated sand is changed into gassiness sand for sand make-up gas, and temperature-controlling module is used to control the temperature of sand in seal box；Volume Loss control assembly is used to simulate Volume Loss when static liquefaction occurs.Data acquisition components are used to acquire the data needed for experiment.The present invention can simulate the behavior that static liquefaction unstability occurs for gas hydrates sand borehole wall in being depressured recovery process, have the characteristics that easy to operate, simple structure, control are accurate.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of geotechnical engineering model test apparatus, more particularly, in decompression exploitation of gas hydrate mistake
The model casing of sand borehole wall static liquefaction unstability in journey.
Background technology
Gas hydrates are the class clathrates being made of under given conditions hydrone and hydrocarbon molecules, mark
Under quasi- state, unit volume gas hydrates can release the methane gas of 160~180 volumes, in the reserves of nature
It is huge, it is considered as 21 century most important alternative energy source, how efficiently and safely exploits hydrate and have become and currently face
Pressing issues.It is proposed the recovery method with economic implications to be depressured based on extraction system at present.
The research of decompression exploitation law technology is focused primarily upon at present and how to solve to improve exploitation effect in its recovery process
Rate, transport and pipeline anti-corrosion etc. less focus on the sand borehole well instability being likely to occur in geotechnical engineering field and destroy.It examines
Consider exploitation of gas hydrates it is of high cost, exploitation difficulty it is big, once occur sand borehole wall static liquefaction breakoff phenomenon, it will make
At casualties and a large amount of property loss, and a series of irreversible ecological pollutions may be caused.These consequences should cause
Extensive concern, the research that gas hydrates are depressured with exploitation induction sand borehole wall static liquefaction unstability are extremely urgent.
In the gas hydrates to be depressured at extraction system exploitation deep-sea, since under deep sea condition, fluid pressure is huge, warm
Spend it is low generate bulk gas after being disturbed plus mud that may be present, humus accumulation layer, lead to sand Borehole Instability Mechanisms
It is sufficiently complex.Domestic and foreign scholars had significant progress to the research of static liquefaction phenomenon in traditional geotechnical engineering in recent years, more
Using numerical simulation, based in classical soil mechanics theory analytic method and experimental study, for gas hydrates decompression open
It adopts aspect and lacks relevant research.Model test is capable of the working condition of the intuitive simulation soil body by reduced scale appropriate,
And then obtain relevant data.Consider that the gas hydrates decompression exploitation under deep sea condition causes sand borehole wall static liquefaction
Unstability just allows for control water pressure, sand air content, sand temperature and the Volume Loss caused by exploiting, at present both at home and abroad
There are no develop related pilot model apparatus.
Invention content
In order to overcome the shortcomings of in background technology, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of decompressions of consideration gas hydrates to open
It adopts and induces sand borehole wall static liquefaction buckling form experimental rig.
To achieve the above object, the technical scheme is that：
Consider that gas hydrates decompression exploitation induces sand borehole wall static liquefaction unstability experimental rig,
Including model casing (0), Hydraulic Conirol Unit, ventilating control component, temperature-controlling module, Volume Loss control assembly
It is formed with data acquisition components, wherein
It is open glass window on front side of the model casing (0), is used for observing and nursing case (0) interior situation；Model casing (0) is equipped with
Opening and upper cover, the upper cover are used to open or are closed opening, and the opening is used for filling test material；The test material packet
Sand, water and sand well are included, the sand and water are laid on successively in model casing (0), and the exploitation borehole wall (5) is vertically arranged
In sand；
The Hydraulic Conirol Unit is for the hydraulic pressure in Controlling model case (0) to simulate deep sea pressure；
The ventilating control component is used for the air content of Controlling model case (0) interior sand；
The temperature-controlling module is for controlling the temperature of gassiness sand to simulate temperature when exploitation；
The Volume Loss control assembly is used to simulate the Volume Loss of exploitation of gas hydrates initiation；
The data collecting system is for acquiring test data.
The Hydraulic Conirol Unit includes hydraulic pump, water tank (8), liquid pressure-reducing valve (10), the first ball valve (2) and water
Pipe；The water tank (8) is connected to model casing (0) by water pipe, and the hydraulic pump is mounted on water tank (8) for by water tank (8)
Interior water is pumped into model casing (0)；The liquid pressure-reducing valve (10) is arranged on the pipeline to connect with model casing (0) for controlling
Hydraulic pressure in model casing (0)；First ball valve (2) is arranged on the pipeline to connect with model casing (0) for controlling water pipe
Switch.
The ventilating control component includes air compressor (1), the second ball valve (9), gas pressure reducer (3) and ventilation
Pipe；Described snorkel one end is connect with the output end of air compressor (1), and the other end is embedded in sand；Second ball valve
(9) it is mounted on the switch on snorkel for controlling tracheae；The gas pressure reducer (3) is mounted on snorkel for controlling sand
Air content in soil.
The temperature-controlling module includes that temperature controls computer (6), heating rod (12) and thermometer (20),
The heating rod (12) is embedded in sand for being heated for sand；
The thermometer (20) is embedded in sand for measuring sand temperature；
The temperature control computer (6) connect power and switch for controlling heater with heater (12)；
Temperature control computer (6) connect the temperature for sand during monitoring, back-to-back testing in real time with thermometer (20)
Variation.
Volume Loss control system includes piston (15), speed changer (16), electric motor (17) and sliding chamber (19)；Institute
Sliding chamber (19) is stated in model casing (0) bottom, the piston (15), which is slidably connected in sliding chamber (19), forms piston
(15) structure, piston (15) bottom are fixed with piston (15) bar, and the speed changer (16) is mounted on electric motor (17) and is used for
Adjust output speed；Electric motor (17) is connect with total controllable switch of power supply for controlling its startup and closing；Utilize rack
Realization is engaged with the change gear of speed changer (16) and is converted into linear motion, and the bottom of piston (15) is acted at the top of rack
To realize the sliding of piston (15) on piston (15) bar in portion；The soil body on the upside of piston (15) with moving down for piston (15) and under
It is sink in sliding chamber (19), that is, simulates the loss of the interior soil body volume of model casing (0).
The data acquisition components include stress meter (4), and the stress meter (4) is fixed on the outside of recovery well and is embedded in
Stress in sand for measuring sand.
The data acquisition components include displacement meter (13), and the displacement meter (13) is for measuring moving down for piston (15)
Amount, the volume of loss is calculated in conjunction with the sectional area of piston (15).
The data acquisition components include monitoring system, and the monitoring system includes holder, LED light illumination and digital phase
Machine, the branch set up the front side that model casing (0) has glass to open a window, the LED light illumination and the rack-mount use of digital camera
Experiment process is recorded in shooting.
The present invention mentality of designing and has the following advantages：
1, ventilating control system is goed deep by pipe network inside sand, and air compressor mesohigh air passes through controllable decompression
Valve reaches air content in quantified controlling sand.It in this way can be according to actual conditions selection air content, design experiment scheme, preferably
It simulates the sand borehole wall in gas hydrates decompression recovery process and static liquefaction unstable phenomenon occurs.
2, water tank is connected by hydraulic control system with model casing, hydraulic pump can in Controlling model case water to reach control
The purpose of hydraulic pressure processed, it is thus possible to simulate the high pressure effect under deep sea condition.And different water can be simulated by control pressure
Deep operating mode.
3, temperature control system can be accurately controlled the temperature of gassiness sand by the heating rod being distributed in inside sand
Variation.Gassiness sand can be heated according to actual conditions in this way, more preferable simulation gas hydrates are depressured temperature in recovery process
Situation of change.
4, Volume Loss control system can accurately control volume loss amount by piston, speed changer, electric motor.
The speed that piston can be adjusted according to actual conditions in this way, preferably simulates the Volume Loss feelings during exploitation of gas hydrates
Condition
5, it is organic glass on front side of model casing, passes through the variation for the observation soil body that monitoring system can be apparent from, visualization
Degree is high.The variation that the soil body occurs in experimentation can completely be recorded by acquiring image information by monitoring system.
Description of the drawings
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiment the present invention is described in further detail：
Fig. 1 is mold box configuration schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is Figure 1A-A structure sectional views；
Fig. 3 is Figure 1B-B structure sectional view；
Fig. 4 is Fig. 1 C-C structure sectional views；
Fig. 5 is Fig. 2 D structure sectional views.
Numeral mark in figure:
0 model casing, 1 air compressor, 2 first ball valves, 3 gas pressure reducers, 4 stress meters, the 5 exploitation boreholes wall, the control of 6 temperature
Computer, 7 miniature hydraulic pumps, 8 water tanks, 9 second ball valves, 10 liquid pressure-reducing valves, 11 gas-guide tubes, 12 heating rods, 13 displacement meters, 14
Pressure gauge, 15 pistons, 16 speed changers, 17 electric motors, 18 earth pressure gauges, 19 sliding chambers, thermometer 20.
Specific implementation mode
Consider that gas hydrates decompression exploitation induces sand borehole wall static liquefaction buckling form experimental rig, referring to Fig.1
It illustrates, including model casing, ventilating control component, temperature-controlling module, fluid pressure control system, Volume Loss control group
Part and data acquisition components.
Model casing upper opening facilitates filling test material and device various components is assembled and debugged, model casing
Front side is organic glass, convenient to observe the internal soil body.Test material includes recovery well, sand, clay and water.As Fig. 1,
Shown in Fig. 2, sand, clay and water are sequentially filled inside model casing from the bottom to top, recovery well is vertically arranged the right side in model casing
Front side facilitates through glass and is observed.
As shown in Fig. 2, ventilating control system includes micro-air compressor 1, the first ball valve 2, gas pressure reducer 3 and correlation
Pipeline.Air compressor 1 is placed in 0 side of model casing, makes the output end of air compressor 1 go deep into sand using by related pipe network
Gas is filled in for sand；Air compressor 1 is connected unlatching and pass for controlling compressor with total controllable switch of power supply
It closes.The first ball is manually operated for controlling aeration quantity by left-to-right pressure reducing valve 3 and the first ball valve 2 of being sequentially arranged on pipeline
Valve 2 can realize that admission line opens and closes.
As shown in figure 3, temperature control system includes temperature control computer 6, heating rod 12 and thermometer 20.12 He of heating rod
Thermometer 20 is deeply arranged among sand in netted for uniformly heating gassiness sand, the temperature control equipment 6 and heating
Power and real time monitoring, the record gassiness of the switch and heating rod 12 of stick 12 and the connection of thermometer 20 for controlling heating rod 12
The temperature change of sand, temperature when to realize the heating rate in Controlling model case and be finally reached stable state.
As shown in figure 4, hydraulic control system includes the miniature hydraulic pump 7 with digital display, water tank 8, liquid pressure-reducing valve 10 and
Two ball valves 9.Miniature hydraulic pump 7 connect startup and closing for controlling miniature hydraulic pump 7 with total controllable switch of power supply.It is miniature
Hydraulic pump 7 and water tank 8 are placed in 0 side of model casing, and water tank is connected to model casing 0, and compression pump 8 is mounted on water tank 8 and is used for water
Water in case 8 is pumped into model casing 0 to realize to pressurization in model casing 0.The pressure reducing valve is mounted on the pipe to connect with model casing 0
Road is for the hydraulic pressure value in Controlling model case 0.The second ball valve 9 is manually operated and is mounted on energy on the pipeline to connect with model casing 0
It is opened and closed for controlling input duct.
Volume Loss control system includes piston 15, speed changer 16, power plant and sliding chamber 19.As shown in figure 5, institute
Sliding chamber 19 is stated in 0 bottom of model casing, the piston 15 is slidably connected in sliding chamber 19 and forms piston structure, piston 15
Bottom is fixed with piston rod.Power plant in the present embodiment uses electric motor 17, the speed changer 16 to be mounted on motor horse
For adjusting output speed on up to 17.Electric motor 17 is connect with total controllable switch of power supply for controlling its startup and closing.
Realization being engaged with the change gear of speed changer 16 using rack and being converted into linear motion, piston is acted at the top of rack
To realize the sliding of piston 15 on the piston rod of bottom.The soil body of the upside of piston 15 moves down with piston 15 and sinks down into sliding
In chamber 19, that is, simulate the loss of soil body volume in model casing 0.
The movement velocity that piston can be adjusted by adjusting speed changer 16 is used to simulate the Volume Loss process of friction speed,
To realize Volume Loss is controlled according to actual conditions.
The data collecting system includes displacement meter, stress meter, picture shooting assembly, and the stress meter is embedded in sand and tight
Patch recovery well is used to obtain the stress value of borehole wall sand.
The lower section that the displacement meter 13 is mounted on piston is used to measure the distance of the decline of piston 15, and combines sliding chamber 19
Area of section measure the volume lost.
The upside of the pressure gauge 14 and the piston rod of 15 bottom of piston are fixed, and downside and the rack of pressure gauge 14 are fixed,
Pressure for detecting the soil body.The earth pressure gauge 18 is mounted on pressure of 15 upside of piston for detecting the soil body.Pass through two
Pressure gauge keeps measured value more accurate.
The picture shooting assembly is located at the preceding survey outside model casing, including holder, LED light and digital camera, holder are fixed on
Model casing has the front side that glass opens a window, LED light illumination and digital camera rack-mount for shooting record experiment process.
The present invention considers that gas hydrates decompression exploitation induces sand borehole wall static liquefaction buckling form experimental rig
Assembly manipulation process is completed by following steps：
First, washing moulding case 0, especially its glass make up to good visibility.By sand according to certain point
Cloth form inserts model casing bottom, is then filled with certain thickness clay, is inserted into heating rod and inflation pipe network, and outside recovery well
The side borehole wall is placed around several stress meters.Water tank 8 is added the water of sufficient amount, it is ensured that 0 inside various components connection of model casing
Normally, each interface is without leak, gas leak phenomenon.
Second, the power supply of Hydraulic Conirol Unit and ventilating control component is opened, monitoring system is opened.Ensure each system energy
It is enough to run well.
Third opens ball valve 9, increases hydraulic pressure to predetermined value, opens ball valve 2 later, start to be inflated sand, fill
After entering scheduled gas, when stress meter 4 and earth pressure gauge 18 reach stable state, that is, reach the initial of experiment anticipation simulation
State.
4th, start simulation test, adjustment tacho 16 reaches predetermined situation, starts electric motor 17, pass through piston
Volume Loss situation in 15 mobile simulation recovery process induces sand borehole wall static instability phenomenon.Monitoring system is remembered at this time
The situation of change of land movement deformation is recorded, the data shot to digital camera by PIV technologies are analyzed the change strained
Change situation；Stress meter 4 records the situation of change of resistance to shear of soil.
Specific implementation mode described in this specification is only a kind of mode of operation for the content of present invention, due to this hair
Bright device has preferable controllability, and those skilled in the technology concerned, which can easily modify to testing program, to be reached
Condition control under various environment, protection scope of the present invention should not be limited only to specific embodiment party described in the specification
Formula, related technical personnel should be under the jurisdiction of the guarantor of the present invention according to used equivalent technologies method on the basis of present inventive concept
Protect range.
Claims (8)
1. considering that gas hydrates decompression exploitation induces sand borehole wall static liquefaction unstability experimental rig, it is characterised in that：
Including model casing (0), Hydraulic Conirol Unit, ventilating control component, temperature-controlling module, Volume Loss control assembly sum number
It is formed according to acquisition component, wherein
It is open glass window on front side of the model casing (0), is used for observing and nursing case (0) interior situation；Model casing (0) is equipped with opening
And upper cover, the upper cover are used to open or are closed opening, the opening is used for filling test material；The test material includes sand
Soil, water and sand well, the sand and water are laid on successively in model casing (0), and the exploitation borehole wall (5) is vertically arranged in sand
In；
The Hydraulic Conirol Unit is for the hydraulic pressure in Controlling model case (0) to simulate deep sea pressure；
The ventilating control component is used for the air content of Controlling model case (0) interior sand；
The temperature-controlling module is for controlling the temperature of gassiness sand to simulate temperature when exploitation；
The Volume Loss control assembly is used to simulate the Volume Loss of exploitation of gas hydrates initiation；
The data collecting system is for acquiring test data.
2. according to gas hydrates decompression exploitation induction sand borehole wall static liquefaction buckling form examination is considered described in claim 1
Experiment device, it is characterised in that：The Hydraulic Conirol Unit includes hydraulic pump, water tank (8), liquid pressure-reducing valve (10), the first ball valve
(2) and water pipe；The water tank (8) is connected to model casing (0) by water pipe, and the hydraulic pump is mounted on water tank (8) and is used for
Water in water tank (8) is pumped into model casing (0)；The liquid pressure-reducing valve (10) is arranged in the pipeline to connect with model casing (0)
The upper hydraulic pressure in Controlling model case (0)；First ball valve (2) setting is used on the pipeline to connect with model casing (0)
Control the switch of water pipe.
3. according to gas hydrates decompression exploitation induction sand borehole wall static liquefaction buckling form examination is considered described in claim 1
Experiment device, it is characterised in that：The ventilating control component includes air compressor (1), the second ball valve (9), gas pressure reducer (3)
And snorkel；Described snorkel one end is connect with the output end of air compressor (1), and the other end is embedded in sand；It is described
Second ball valve (9) is mounted on the switch for controlling tracheae on snorkel；The gas pressure reducer (3) is mounted on snorkel and uses
In controlling air content in sand.
4. according to gas hydrates decompression exploitation induction sand borehole wall static liquefaction buckling form examination is considered described in claim 1
Experiment device, it is characterised in that：The temperature-controlling module includes that temperature controls computer (6), heating rod (12) and thermometer (20),
The heating rod (12) is embedded in sand for being heated for sand；
Thermometer (20) thermometer (20) is embedded in sand for measuring sand temperature；
The temperature control computer (6) connect thermometer (20) with heater (12) and is used to control the power of heater and opens
It closes；
The temperature control computer (6) connect the temperature for sand during monitoring, back-to-back testing in real time with thermometer (20)
Variation.
5. according to gas hydrates decompression exploitation induction sand borehole wall static liquefaction buckling form examination is considered described in claim 1
Experiment device, it is characterised in that：Volume Loss control system includes piston (15), speed changer (16), electric motor (17) and sliding
Chamber (19)；In model casing (0) bottom, the piston (15) is slidably connected in sliding chamber (19) the sliding chamber (19)
Piston (15) structure is formed, piston (15) bottom is fixed with piston (15) bar, and the speed changer (16) is mounted on electric motor
(17) for adjusting output speed on；Electric motor (17) is connect with total controllable switch of power supply for controlling its startup and closing
It closes；Realization is engaged with the change gear of speed changer (16) using rack and be converted into linear motion, acted at the top of rack
To realize the sliding of piston (15) on piston (15) bar of the bottom of piston (15)；The soil body on the upside of piston (15) is with piston
(15) move down and sink down into sliding chamber (19), that is, simulate the loss of the interior soil body volume of model casing (0).
6. according to gas hydrates decompression exploitation induction sand borehole wall static liquefaction buckling form examination is considered described in claim 1
Experiment device, it is characterised in that：The data acquisition components include stress meter (4), and the stress meter (4) is fixed on the outside of recovery well
And it is embedded in the stress in sand for measuring sand.
7. according to gas hydrates decompression exploitation induction sand borehole wall static liquefaction buckling form examination is considered described in claim 1
Experiment device, it is characterised in that：The data acquisition components include displacement meter (13), and the displacement meter (13) is for measuring piston
(15) the amount of moving down calculates the volume of loss in conjunction with the sectional area of piston (15).
8. inducing sand borehole wall static liquefaction buckling form according to claim (1) the consideration gas hydrates decompression exploitation
Experimental rig, it is characterised in that：The data acquisition components include monitoring system, and the monitoring system includes holder, LED light photograph
Bright and digital camera, the branch set up the front side that model casing (0) has glass to open a window, the LED light illumination and digital camera installation
For shooting record experiment process on holder.
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| CN109555519A (en) * | 2019-01-08 | 2019-04-02 | 华侨大学 | Hole wall destroys the pilot system and method for situation when simulating exploitation of gas hydrates |
| CN111443167A (en) * | 2020-04-07 | 2020-07-24 | 吉林大学 | Method and device for testing influence of natural gas hydrate decomposition on seabed slope |
| CN112365782A (en) * | 2020-11-03 | 2021-02-12 | 浙大城市学院 | Gas-containing soil deformation experiment model system and experiment method |
| CN109752238B (en) * | 2019-01-03 | 2022-02-01 | 同济大学 | Consideration confined water underground continuous wall grooving local instability model test device |
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