CN102445371A - Integrated device for in-situ generation and decomposition of hydrate sediments and permeability measurement thereof - Google Patents
Integrated device for in-situ generation and decomposition of hydrate sediments and permeability measurement thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
An integrated device for in-situ generation and decomposition of hydrate sediments and permeability measurement thereof belongs to the field of measuring the basic physical properties of natural gas hydrates. The device mainly comprises a reaction kettle, a cold store, a scavenging leakage detection system, a temperature control system, a gas supply system, a water supply system, a permeability measurement system and a computer data acquisition system. A compression type design is adopted for the reaction kettle so that different stress states can be simulated. The device has the following advantages that: the cold store and a constant temperature bath are capable of realizing quick and accurate control of temperatures; the gas supply system is quick and convenient to increase and preserve pressures; the data acquisition system has the functions of data storage and real-time analysis; the temperatures, pressures, historical sedimentary conditions and stress states of different hydrate sediment reservoirs can be simulated; and a hydrate sediment sample can be integrally taken out in a relatively convenient manner, and can be directly put in a low-temperature high-pressure three-axis tester for the mechanical characteristic testing research. Besides, the device plays an important role in guiding the drilling and safe mining of natural gas hydrates.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of generation of hydrate sediment original position and decomposition and permeability survey integrated apparatus thereof of being used for, belong to gas hydrate basis rerum natura field of measurement.
Background technology
Gas hydrate have wide, the characteristics such as stock number is big, shallow in burial, energy density height, cleaning that distribute, and are the unknown energy depots of still undeveloped maximum on the earth, are considered to the new forms of energy that 21 century is optimal, have the business development prospect.The safe working of gas hydrate receives the extensive attention of various countries scientist and government, has become the new research focus of industrial gas oil, and might produce far-reaching influence to the development of environmental science and energy industry.In May, 2007, northern refreshing fox marine site formally collects the gas hydrate sample at the South Sea in China, becomes the 4th country that collects the gas hydrate sample through national level research and development plan after the U.S., Japan, India.In November, 2008, China finds the hydrate sample in area, the Qilian mountains, Qinghai.This exists the gas hydrate mineral reserve that strong evidence is provided for China marine site and permafrost region.The basic rerum natura of research gas hydrate, the energy problem that China was adopted and solved to mechanical property to the standard-sized sheet of hydrate are of great immediate significance.
It is bigger that the hydrate sediment core of original state obtains difficulty, and cost is high.In the boring and coring process, the variation of load can cause the disturbance of sediment structure; The change of temperature and pressure can make partially hydrated thing decompose.The core of obtaining can not react the hydrate sediment reservoir conditions really.And laboratory synthetic hydrate sediment sample has characteristics such as controllable parameters property, cost be low.Under lab; Parameter data such as underground heat, landforms and mode of deposition according to China marine site and frozen soil zone; We can control sedimental grain composition, initial porosity, parameters such as hydrate generation temperature, pressure and saturation degree, and then gas hydrate sediment reservoir environment prepares sample in simulating nature circle.The experiment parameter that obtains and the actual conditions of reservoir are very approaching, can be used to refer to the safe working of water guide compound.In recent years; Domestic and international many research institutions have carried out the sedimental experimental simulation work of gas hydrate; Designed and produced many covers hydrate sediment laboratory simulation device; Can tentatively reduce and reinvent the natural gas hydrate sediment, and can in agitated reactor, balance each other, the measurement of correlation parameter such as permeability.But the hydrate sediment analogue means of current use can't carry out the compression concretion of sediment skeleton, historical accumulation condition and stress state that can't the real simulation hydrate sediment.And receive the factor affecting of its size and design aspect; The hydrate sediment sample that generates can't wholely take out, or gets its part and just can put into cryogenic high pressure triaxial test machine through operations such as cooled with liquid nitrogen, machined into and carry out further research work such as mechanical characteristic.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the problem that exists in the above-mentioned prior art, the present invention provides the generation of a kind of hydrate sediment original position and decomposition and permeability survey integrated apparatus thereof.This device can simulating natural condition under the parameter such as temperature, pressure, deposition historical conditions, saturation degree, factor of porosity of gas hydrate reservoir, can carry out the generation and the decomposition of hydrate, can carry out the isoparametric measurement of permeability.The taking-up that the hydrate sediment sample ability of the corresponding size that obtains is more convenient is also put into cryogenic high pressure triaxial test machine and is carried out further researchs such as Mechanics Performance Testing.Exploration and safe working to China marine site and frozen soil zone gas hydrate play important directive function.
The present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above the technical scheme that is adopted: generation of a kind of hydrate sediment original position and decomposition and permeability survey integrated apparatus thereof, it mainly comprises an agitated reactor, scavenging leak detection system, temperature control system, air supply system, water system, permeability survey system and computer data acquisition system.Said agitated reactor, scavenging leak detection system, temperature control system, air supply system, water system and the permeability survey system integration are arranged in the freezer; Said agitated reactor adopts high pressure-resistance structure, places thermal insulation board down between chassis and the base, and connects with bolt; Place the first seepage flow pad in the center of base; The inner cover tube adopts fabricated structure, is placed on the base medium position; Exterior cover pipeline is enclosed within outside the inner cover tube, is clearance fit each other, and seals through first O-ring seal between exterior cover pipeline and the base; The cooling dome jacket casing is fixed on the shaft collar outside exterior cover pipeline, and is placed on the base equally; Pressing plate is placed on inner cover tube and the exterior cover pipeline, seals through second O-ring seal between pressing plate and the exterior cover pipeline, and with connecting link pressing plate and base is fixed; Lifting nut and lifting bolt are housed on the pressing plate; Piston and inner cover tube, exterior cover pipeline, pressing plate and base form the pressure chamber of sealing, seal through the 3rd O-ring seal between piston and the pressing plate; The second seepage flow pad is installed in the bottom of piston; Last thermal insulation board is placed on the top of piston.
Said base is provided with the base pipeline, is connected with air supply system, water system, and one second pressure unit is set; Said cooling dome tube is connected with temperature control system through the pipe joint on the shaft collar; Said piston is provided with temperature sensor mounted piston hole and piston tube pipeline joint, and the piston tube pipeline joint is connected with the permeability survey system with the scavenging leak detection system, and one first pressure unit is set; Be connected a pressure difference transmitter between said base pipeline and the said piston tube pipeline joint; Said piston hole bottom is provided with temperature sensor.
Said scavenging leak detection system mainly comprises a nitrogen cylinder, is connected with the piston tube pipeline joint through first reduction valve and first non-return valve.
Said temperature control system mainly comprises a calibration cell, an ebullator, is connected with shaft collar pipe joint on the said shaft collar.
Said air supply system mainly comprises the constant pressure pump that warp second reduction valve is connected with the methane gas cylinder, and constant pressure pump is connected with the base pipeline through second non-return valve.
Said water system mainly comprises a distillation water pot and an electronic volume pump, and electronic volume pump is connected with the base pipeline; A graduated cylinder is connected with the piston tube pipeline joint; A vacuum pump is connected with the piston tube pipeline joint.
Said permeability survey system mainly comprises one and reclaims air bag and be connected with the piston tube pipeline joint with a gas-liquid separator through a flowmeter.
Said computer data acquisition system mainly comprises a temperature sensor, flowmeter, first pressure unit, second pressure unit and differential pressure transmitter and adopts the data acquisition module that is electrically connected, and passes to industrial computer to the data of gathering and handle.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: generation of this gas hydrate original position and decomposition and permeability survey integrated apparatus thereof mainly comprise an agitated reactor, freezer, vacuum pump, scavenging leak detection system, temperature control system, air supply system, water system, permeability survey system and computer data acquisition system.The scavenging leak detection system is used to test the preceding leak detection process of beginning, for experiment begins to prepare; Temperature in temperature control system control hydrate generation and the decomposable process; Air supply system is supplied with the high pressure methane gas that hydrate reaction needs in agitated reactor; Water system provides the distilled water of reaction needed in agitated reactor; The permeability survey system is used to measure the permeability of hydrate sediment; Computer data acquisition system collecting temperature, pressure etc. detect data.Its advantage is:
1. the agitated reactor design pressure is 0～20MPa, and design temperature is-10 a ℃～room temperature, can simulating natural condition under temperature, the pressure condition of seabed and frozen soil region gas hydrate reservoir, satisfy shop experiment research needs;
2. the axis of the piston is 100kN to maximum load, and specimen finish is 61.8mm, can carry out compression concretion to sediment, the initial density of control hydrate sediment sample, the stress state on simulate formation 0-1000m stratum;
3. the inner cover tube adopts fabricated structure, and the hydrate sediment sample generates the convenient taking-up in back, and specimen size meets the triaxial test standard, can directly put into the triaxial test machine and carry out dynamic characteristic test;
4. freezer and calibration cell can be realized controlling fast and accurately of temperature, satisfy high precision test demand;
5. data acquisition system (DAS) possesses data storage, real time data and image analysis software support;
6. agitated reactor adopts removably, is convenient to after the test clean;
7. system cost is cheap relatively;
8. all can simulate with decomposing the generation of the gas hydrate of seabed and frozen soil region, basic rerum natura research, exploration and the safe working of gas hydrate played important directive function.
Description of drawings
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment the present invention is described further.
Fig. 1 is a kind of generation of hydrate sediment original position and decomposition and permeability survey integrated apparatus fundamental diagram thereof of being used for.
Fig. 2 is a kind of system diagram that is used for the generation of hydrate sediment original position and decomposition and permeability survey integrated apparatus thereof.
Fig. 3 is the structural drawing of agitated reactor.
Among the figure: 1, agitated reactor, 2, temperature sensor, 3, calibration cell, 4, ebullator, 5,5a, pressure unit, 6, pressure difference transmitter, 7, data acquisition module; 8, industrial computer, 9, reclaim air bag, 10,10a, 10b, 10c, 10d, 10e, 10f, 10g, 10h, needle-valve, 11, flowmeter, 12, gas-liquid separator, 13, safety valve; 14, vacuum pump, 15, graduated cylinder, 16, nitrogen cylinder, 17, first reduction valve, 17a, second reduction valve, 18, first non-return valve; 18a, second non-return valve, 19, the methane gas cylinder, 20, constant pressure pump, 21, the distillation water pot, 22, electronic volume pump, 23, freezer; 24, pressure head, 25, go up thermal insulation board, 26, piston, 26a, piston tube pipeline joint, 26b, piston hole, 27, pressing plate; 28, lifting bolt, 29, the lifting nut, 30, connecting link, 31, shaft collar, 31a, shaft collar pipe joint, 32, the cooling dome tube; 33, exterior cover pipeline, 34, the inner cover tube, 35, hydrate sediment, 36, the first seepage flow pad, 36a, the second seepage flow pad, 37, base; 37a, base pipeline, 38, following thermal insulation board, 39, the chassis, 40, first O-ring seal, 40a, second O-ring seal, 40b, the 3rd O-ring seal.
Embodiment
Shown in Figure 1 is a kind of fundamental diagram that is used for the generation of hydrate sediment original position and decomposition and permeability survey integrated apparatus thereof; Its course of work is: device does not make an experiment after the inspection of scavenging leak detection system is not revealed; Air supply system is supplied with methane gas to agitated reactor; And through the Constant Pressure Pump Controlling reacting kettle inner pressure; Water system is supplied with distilled water to agitated reactor, freezer and the required temperature of calibration cell control reaction, and the running parameter in the course of reaction such as temperature, pressure signal etc. are by computer data acquisition system collection and analysis.After treating that hydrate generates, the permeability that the permeability survey system is used for measuring hydrate sediment maybe can be taken out hydrate sediment and put into the triaxial test machine and carry out dynamic characteristic test.
Fig. 2 is a kind of system diagram that is used for the generation of hydrate sediment original position and decomposition and permeability survey integrated apparatus thereof, explains by each systemic-function below:
1. the scavenging leak detection system course of work is: nitrogen cylinder 16 can provide leak detection and scavenging to use gas to total system through first reduction valve 17, needle-valve 10e and non-return valve 18.
2. the course of work of temperature control system is: leak detection is opened freezer 23 and is carried out the one-level temperature control after accomplishing, and suitable environment temperature is provided, and temperature controlling range is-10 a ℃～room temperature; Open calibration cell 3 then and to cooling dome tube 32 refrigerating fluid is provided through ebullator 4, and then 1 temperature in the control agitated reactor, temperature controlling range is-10 a ℃～room temperature.
3. the course of work of air supply system is: methane gas cylinder 19 reaches set pressure and keeps set pressure to constant pressure pump 20 injection methane gass through the second reduction valve 17a and needle-valve 10f, and constant pressure pump 20 provides the methane gas of set pressure to agitated reactor 1 through the needle-valve 10g and the second non-return valve 18a then.
4. the course of work of water system is: when needing saturated porous media (sediment) in the experimentation, with vacuum pump 14 agitated reactor 1 is vacuumized earlier, distilling water pot 21 then provides distilled water with needle-valve 10h to agitated reactor 1 through electronic volume pump 22; Open needle-valve 10b, needle-valve 10d can carry out drain operation to graduated cylinder 15.
5. the course of work of permeability survey system is: to agitated reactor 1 ventilating methane gas, methane gas gets into recovery air bags 9 through agitated reactor 1, needle-valve 10b, needle-valve 10a, gas-liquid separator 12, flowmeter 11 and needle-valve 10 through needle-valve 10g and non-return valve 18a for constant pressure pump 20; Obtain temperature signal, first pressure unit 5, the second pressure unit 5a, the pressure signal of pressure difference transmitter 6 and the flow signal of flowmeter 11 of temperature sensor 2 through data acquisition system (DAS), in conjunction with the basic datas such as viscosity of cross-sectional area, height and the methane gas gas of hydrate sediment 35, utilize the permeability of Darcy's law calculated hydration sediment 35 then.
6. the course of work of computer data acquisition system is: temperature sensor 2, first pressure unit 5, the second pressure unit 5a, pressure difference transmitter 6 collect agitated reactor 1 temperature and the simulating signals such as pressure of pipe joint up and down thereof; These signals are transferred to data acquisition module 7 to carry out data processing and obtains digital signal, and digital signal is carried out data presentation and storage after importing industrial computer 8 into again.
7. other work systems: safety valve 13 can be kept system and in the safe pressure scope, carry out.
Shown in Figure 3 is the structural drawing of agitated reactor.Earlier shaft collar 31 and cooling dome tube 32 are placed on the base 37, then exterior cover pipeline 33 and inner cover tube 34 are placed in the cooling dome tube 32, in the middle of base 37, be placed with and prevent that hydrate sediment from getting into the first seepage flow pad 36 of pipeline; After placing, a certain amount of clay or sand are put into inner cover tube 34, place the seepage flow pad at the upper surface of clay or sand equally then and prevent that hydrate sediment from getting into and blocking pipe.With connecting link 30 pressing plate 27 is fixed on the upper surface of exterior cover pipeline 33, prevents to react gas reactor or distilled water and overflow from revealing between base 37 and the exterior cover pipeline 33 and between pressing plate 27 and the exterior cover pipeline 33.Piston 26 is installed, and last thermal insulation board 25 with pressure head 24 compression pistons 26, makes clay or the sand inserted reach predetermined initial packing, simulates specific stress state, and keeps this stress state.At last the pipe joint of agitated reactor base 37 and piston 26 is prepared test by access piping system shown in Figure 2.
Above-mentioned detection device has been carried out the original position generation of gas hydrate and the experiment with measuring of decomposition and permeability thereof.Test used methane gas and derive from Dalian Da Te gas company limited, purity 99.9%.Used water is distilled water.Earlier agitated reactor 1 usefulness distilled water is cleaned up, dry then, put into a certain amount of sand and with piston 26 compactings and keep certain pressure.Press Fig. 2 connecting line, whether leakage is arranged, then can not carry out next step test if having to leak through nitrogen cylinder 16 inspection pipelines.
Open vacuum pump 14 agitated reactor 1 is vacuumized, close vacuum pump 14 after reaching certain vacuum tightness, distilling water pot 21 then provides distilled water with needle-valve 10h to agitated reactor 1 through electronic volume pump 22, and at this time agitated reactor 1 medium sand regolith distilled water is saturated.Methane gas cylinder 19 reaches set pressure and keeps set pressure to constant pressure pump 20 injection methane gass through the second reduction valve 17a and needle-valve 10f, and constant pressure pump 20 provides the methane gas of set pressure to agitated reactor 1 through the needle-valve 10g and the second non-return valve 18a then.Portion gas and distilled water are discharged to graduated cylinder 15 through needle-valve 10b, needle-valve 10d, the distilled water volume that obtains taking through graduated cylinder 15, and through distilled water volume calculation that obtains and the saturation degree of controlling hydrate sediment.Open freezer 23 and obtain low temperature environment, open calibration cell 3 and ebullator 4 simultaneously, control and keep the interior hydrate sediment of agitated reactor and generate the temperature environment that needs with decomposition.Kept system temperature and pressure 24 hours, and guaranteed that the distilled water total overall reaction in the hydrate sediment hole was complete, this moment, the original position of hydrate sediment generated the test completion.The pressure of the temperature of rising calibration cell 3 or reduction constant pressure pump 20 can make agitated reactor 1 interior gas hydrate sediment decompose the decomposition situation of hydrate sediment under the simulating natural condition.Temperature sensor 2, first pressure unit 5, the second pressure unit 5a, pressure difference transmitter 6 collect agitated reactor 1 temperature and the simulating signals such as pressure of pipe joint up and down thereof; These signals are transferred to data acquisition module 7 to carry out data processing and obtains digital signal, and digital signal is carried out data presentation and storage after importing industrial computer 8 into again.Hydrate has carried out the permeability survey test after generating.To agitated reactor 1 ventilating methane gas, methane gas gets into recovery air bags 9 through agitated reactor 1, needle-valve 10b, needle-valve 10a, gas-liquid separator 12, flowmeter 11 and needle-valve 10 through needle-valve 10g and non-return valve 18a for constant pressure pump 20; Obtain temperature signal, first pressure unit 5, the second pressure unit 5a, the pressure signal of pressure difference transmitter 6 and the flow signal of flowmeter 11 of temperature sensor 2 through data acquisition system (DAS), in conjunction with the basic datas such as viscosity of cross-sectional area, height and the methane gas gas of hydrate sediment 35, utilize the permeability of Darcy's law calculated hydration sediment 35 then.Take out piston 26 with pressure head 24; Unload lower connecting rod 30 and pressing plate 27; Connect lifting bolt 28 and lifting nut 29 with pressure head 24 then, can take out exterior cover pipeline 33, inner cover tube 34 and gas hydrate sediment 35, take out inner cover tube 34 then; The hydrate sediment sample that obtains generating that can be complete is put into cryogenic high pressure triaxial test machine then and is carried out dynamic characteristic test.The native system duty is good; Can obtain higher hydrate saturation degree; Under the simulating natural condition generation of hydrate sediment with decompose environment and stress state, basic rerum natura research, exploration and the safe working of gas hydrate played important directive function.
Claims (8)
1. hydrate sediment original position generation and decomposition and permeability survey integrated apparatus thereof, it mainly comprises an agitated reactor (1), scavenging leak detection system, temperature control system, air supply system, water system, permeability survey system and computer data acquisition system; It is characterized in that: said agitated reactor (1), scavenging leak detection system, temperature control system, air supply system, water system and the permeability survey system integration are arranged in the freezer (23); Said agitated reactor (1) adopts high pressure-resistance structure, places thermal insulation board (38) down between chassis (39) and the base (37), and connects with bolt; Place the first seepage flow pad (36) in the center of base (37); Inner cover tube (34) adopts fabricated structure, is placed on base (37) medium position; Exterior cover pipeline (33) is enclosed within outside the inner cover tube (34), is clearance fit each other, and seals through first O-ring seal (40) between exterior cover pipeline (33) and the base (37); Cooling dome tube (32) is enclosed within outside the exterior cover pipeline (33), is fixed on the shaft collar (31), and is placed on equally on the base (37); Pressing plate (27) is placed on inner cover tube (34) and the exterior cover pipeline (33), seals through second O-ring seal (40a) between pressing plate (27) and the exterior cover pipeline (33), and with connecting link (30) that pressing plate (27) and base (37) is fixing; Lifting nut (29) and lifting bolt (28) are housed on the pressing plate (27); Piston (26) forms the pressure chamber that seals with inner cover tube (34), exterior cover pipeline (33), pressing plate (27) and base (37), seals through the 3rd O-ring seal (40b) between piston (26) and the pressing plate (27); The second seepage flow pad (36a) is installed in the bottom of piston (26); Last thermal insulation board (25) is placed on the top of piston (26).
2. hydrate sediment original position according to claim 1 generation and decomposition and permeability survey integrated apparatus thereof; It is characterized in that: said base (37) is provided with base pipeline (37a); Be connected with air supply system, water system, and one second pressure unit (5a) is set; Said cooling dome tube (32) is connected with temperature control system through the pipe joint (31a) on the shaft collar (31); Said piston (26) is provided with the piston hole (26b) and the piston tube pipeline joint (26a) of mounting temperature sensor (2), and piston tube pipeline joint (26a) is connected with the permeability survey system with the scavenging leak detection system, and one first pressure unit (5) is set; Be connected a pressure difference transmitter (6) between said base pipeline (37a) and the said piston tube pipeline joint (26a); Said piston hole (26b) bottom is provided with temperature sensor (2).
3. hydrate sediment original position according to claim 1 generation and decomposition and permeability survey integrated apparatus thereof; It is characterized in that: said scavenging leak detection system mainly comprises a nitrogen cylinder (16), is connected with piston tube pipeline joint (26a) through first reduction valve (17) and first non-return valve (18).
4. hydrate sediment original position according to claim 1 generation and decomposition and permeability survey integrated apparatus thereof; It is characterized in that: said temperature control system mainly comprises a calibration cell (3), an ebullator (4), is connected with shaft collar pipe joint (31a) on the said shaft collar (31).
5. hydrate sediment original position according to claim 1 generation and decomposition and permeability survey integrated apparatus thereof; It is characterized in that: said air supply system mainly comprises the constant pressure pump (20) that warp second reduction valve (17a) is connected with the methane gas cylinder, and constant pressure pump (20) is connected with base pipeline (37a) through second non-return valve (18a).
6. hydrate sediment original position according to claim 1 generation and decomposition and permeability survey integrated apparatus thereof; It is characterized in that: said water system mainly comprises a distillation water pot (21) and an electronic volume pump (22), and electronic volume pump (22) is connected with base pipeline (37a); A graduated cylinder (15) is connected with piston tube pipeline joint (26a); A vacuum pump (14) is connected with piston tube pipeline joint (26a).
7. hydrate sediment original position according to claim 1 generation and decomposition and permeability survey integrated apparatus thereof is characterized in that: said permeability survey system mainly comprises one and reclaims air bag (9) and be connected with piston tube pipeline joint (26a) with a gas-liquid separator (12) through a flowmeter (11).
8. hydrate sediment original position according to claim 1 generation and decomposition and permeability survey integrated apparatus thereof; It is characterized in that: said computer data acquisition system mainly comprises a temperature sensor (2), flowmeter (11), first pressure unit (5), second pressure unit (5a) and differential pressure transmitter (6) and adopts the data acquisition module (7) that is electrically connected, and passes to industrial computer (8) to the data of gathering and handle.
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