WO2017081900A1 - 巻数切替式電気機械 - Google Patents
巻数切替式電気機械 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2017081900A1 WO2017081900A1 PCT/JP2016/073580 JP2016073580W WO2017081900A1 WO 2017081900 A1 WO2017081900 A1 WO 2017081900A1 JP 2016073580 W JP2016073580 W JP 2016073580W WO 2017081900 A1 WO2017081900 A1 WO 2017081900A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- phase
- series
- winding
- mode
- rotor
- Prior art date
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P9/00—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
- H02P9/04—Control effected upon non-electric prime mover and dependent upon electric output value of the generator
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a winding number switching type electric machine, and more particularly to a winding number switching type electric machine of a vehicle motor such as an alternator and a starter generator.
- a Landel rotor machine capable of controlling a field current is employed as an alternator and a starter generator driven in a wide speed range.
- Copper and iron losses are the main power losses for alternators and starter generators. Due to the difficulty of coil cooling, copper loss reduction is much more important than iron loss reduction. For example, the typical loss of a conventional alternator is 45%, with copper loss accounting for half. By reducing the number of turns, the copper loss is reduced.
- the vehicle motor requires a predetermined number of turns to achieve the required low speed electromotive force (EMF).
- EMF electromotive force
- conventional winding number switching motors and pole number switching motors look suitable. Because of the high electromotive force in the low speed region, the pole number switching motor can reduce the number of turns. Therefore, the pole number switching motor can reduce copper loss.
- Patent Documents 1 and 2 disclose a motor having a double-ended three-phase winding whose ends are separately connected to two three-phase inverters.
- the motor can choose between a star connection and an open delta connection.
- the winding number switching type rotating electrical machine of the present invention has a simple winding number switching unit capable of switching between a series mode and a parallel mode.
- the serial mode has a higher number of turns than the parallel mode.
- the winding number switching unit performs the winding number switching by controlling the neutral point switch or by changing the number of rotor poles.
- the turn-switching electric machine of the present invention has a power converter connected to a stator coil having at least one three-phase winding.
- the power converter has more than three legs connected to at least one three-phase winding as a stator coil
- a winding number doubling motor According to the first type of winding number switching type electric machine called a winding number doubling motor, three three-phase windings are separately connected to three three-phase power converters. One phase coil of each of the three three-phase windings is connected to each other by a neutral point switch. Each of the three three-phase windings has a star connection or a delta connection. This neutral relay as a neutral switch has a low additional manufacturing cost and a low additional power loss.
- the pole number doubling motor has a rotor capable of doubling the number of motor poles. Further, the pole number doubling motor has a stator coil including a first three-phase winding and a second three-phase winding. The first three-phase winding connected to the first three-phase power converter has a star connection or a delta connection. The second three-phase winding connected between the first power converter and the second power converter is a double-ended three-phase winding.
- the pole number doubling motor can double the number of poles and the number of turns.
- the pole number doubling motor does not require a winding number switching circuit for connecting the power converter to the stator coil. Furthermore, the pole number doubling motor has excellent low speed performance due to the pole number doubling.
- the pole number triple motor can triple the number of turns and the number of poles.
- the triple-pole motor has at least one series three-phase winding connected to a four-leg converter.
- the series three-phase winding is composed of three phase coils connected in series.
- the 4-leg inverter consists of 4 legs separately connected to the ends of the 3 phase coils.
- a single-phase current flows through the series three-phase winding.
- a parallel mode where the number of turns is not increased by a factor of 3
- a three-phase current flows through the series three-phase winding. It is important that this triple-pole motor does not require a winding number switching circuit for connecting the power converter to the stator coil. Further, this triple-pole motor has excellent low-speed performance by triple-pole increase.
- the winding number switching type rotating electrical machine of the present invention has a low copper loss in the high speed region, a high electromotive force in the low speed region, and a low additional power loss for switching the winding number. Furthermore, the copper loss reduction suppresses an increase in the resistance value of the stator coil. Furthermore, reducing the copper loss increases the power generation voltage of the generator because of the reduction in the resistance voltage drop of the stator coil.
- the motor resistance and number of turns are compared.
- the resistance value in the parallel mode is proportional to the copper loss in the high speed region.
- the number of turns is proportional to the electromotive force (EMF).
- EMF electromotive force
- the resistance ratio Rr is equal to the resistance value in the series mode / the resistance value in the parallel mode.
- the winding ratio Tr is equal to the number of turns in the serial mode / the number of turns in the parallel mode.
- Series mode means a star connection and parallel mode means a delta connection.
- the winding number doubling motor Rr is 6 and Tr is 2.
- According to the pole doubling motor Rr is about 7 and Tr is 3.
- the motor with three times the number of poles Rr is about 4 and Tr is 3.
- the pole number doubling motor and the pole number doubling motor have higher EMF in the low speed region.
- FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram showing a winding number double alternator.
- FIG. 2 is a sectional view of the fixed contact.
- FIG. 3 is a plan view of the fixed contact.
- FIG. 4 is a vector diagram showing six voltages in the series power generation mode.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the arrangement of nine phase coils.
- FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram showing a starter generator with double the number of turns.
- FIG. 7 is a circuit diagram showing another starter generator with double the number of turns.
- FIG. 8 is a circuit diagram showing the traction motor with the number of turns increased.
- FIG. 9 is a circuit diagram showing an example of a field current controller.
- FIG. 10 is a circuit diagram showing another example of the field current controller.
- FIG. 11 is a circuit diagram showing the pole number double alternator.
- FIG. 12 is a circuit diagram showing another pole doubling alternator.
- FIG. 13 is a circuit diagram showing a starter generator with double the number of poles.
- FIG. 14 is a circuit diagram showing a series electric mode of the pole doubling traction motor.
- FIG. 15 is a circuit diagram showing a parallel electric mode of the pole doubling traction motor.
- FIG. 16 is a schematic development view showing the parallel mode of the first winding example of the pole number doubling motor.
- FIG. 17 is a schematic development view showing the series mode of the first winding example of the pole number doubling motor.
- FIG. 18 is a vector diagram showing the slot current in the parallel mode.
- FIG. 19 is a vector diagram showing slot currents in series mode.
- FIG. 20 is a schematic development view showing a second winding example of the pole number doubling motor.
- FIG. 21 is a schematic development view showing a second winding example of the pole number doubling motor.
- FIG. 22 is a vector diagram of the slot current in the parallel mode.
- FIG. 23 is a vector diagram of the slot current in the series mode.
- FIG. 24 is a cross-sectional view showing a Landell rotor capable of multiplying the number of rotor poles.
- FIG. 25 is an axial sectional view showing the central core.
- FIG. 26 is an axial sectional view showing the right core.
- FIG. 27 is a development view showing the claw portion.
- FIG. 28 is a circuit diagram showing a field current controller.
- FIG. 29 is a circuit diagram showing a three-fold increased Landel starter generator.
- FIG. 29 is a circuit diagram showing a three-fold increased Landel starter generator.
- FIG. 30 is a side view of the Landel rotor core.
- FIG. 31 is a development view showing the claw portion.
- FIG. 32 is a development view showing the distributed winding stator coil.
- FIG. 33 is a development view showing the concentrated winding stator coil.
- FIG. 34 is a vector diagram showing the parallel mode.
- FIG. 35 is a vector diagram showing the serial mode.
- FIG. 36 is a circuit diagram showing another starter generator with three times the number of poles.
- FIG. 37 is a side view showing a terminal ring incorporating a diode circuit.
- FIG. 38 is a schematic diagram showing a rotor core capable of increasing the number of rotor poles by three times.
- FIG. 39 is a development view showing the distributed winding stator coil.
- FIG. 40 is a vector diagram showing the parallel mode.
- FIG. 41 is a vector diagram showing the serial mode.
- FIG. 42 is a schematic diagram showing a concentrated winding stator coil.
- FIG. 43 is a vector diagram showing the parallel mode.
- FIG. 44 is a vector diagram showing the serial mode.
- FIG. 45 is a circuit diagram showing another starter generator with three times the number of poles.
- FIG. 46 is a schematic view showing a rotor core in a parallel mode.
- FIG. 47 is a schematic diagram showing a rotor core in series mode.
- FIG. 48 is a flowchart showing an engine start routine.
- FIG. 49 is a circuit diagram showing a traction motor having three times the number of poles for switching between the 2-phase mode and the 6-phase mode.
- This turn number switching motor has a turn ratio of 2 times or more and a resistance reduction ratio of 3 times or more.
- the power converter connected to the stator coil has more than three legs. Each leg consists of a switch leg or a diode leg.
- the switch leg includes an upper arm switch and a lower arm switch connected in series.
- the diode leg includes an upper arm diode and a lower arm diode connected in series.
- FIG. 1 shows a doubling number alternator.
- the alternator has three three-phase diode rectifiers 3A, 3B and 3C and a neutral point relay 5.
- the stator coil is divided into three star-connected three-phase windings 2A, 2B and 2C.
- the three-phase windings 2A, 2B and 2C can adopt a delta connection.
- Winding 2A includes U-phase coil 21A, V-phase coil 22A, and W-phase coil 23A.
- Winding 2B includes a V-phase coil 21B, a W-phase coil 22B, and a U-phase coil 23B.
- Winding 2C includes a W-phase coil 21C, a U-phase coil 22C, and a V-phase coil 23C.
- Phase coils 21A-23C each have an equal number of turns.
- the rectifier 3A includes a U-phase diode leg 31A, a V-phase diode leg 32A, and a W-phase diode leg 33A.
- the rectifier 3B includes a V-phase diode leg 31B, a W-phase diode leg 32B, and a U-phase diode leg 33B.
- the rectifier 3C includes a W-phase diode leg 31C, a U-phase diode leg 32C, and a V-phase diode leg 33C.
- the neutral point relay 5 has fixed contacts 51-53 facing the movable contact 54.
- Fixed contact 51 is connected to a connection point between W-phase coil 23A and diode leg 33A.
- the fixed contact 52 is connected to a connection point between the U-phase coil 23B and the diode leg 33B.
- the fixed contact 53 is connected to a connection point between the V-phase coil 23C and the diode leg 33C.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the contacts 51-54.
- FIG. 3 is a plan view of the contacts 51-53.
- the three fixed contacts 51-53 adjacent to each other are arranged like a circle. Thereby, the relay 5 becomes compact and has a low power loss.
- the fixed contacts 51-53 may be arranged in a line instead of a circle.
- U-phase coils 21A, 23B and 22C each generate U-phase voltage VU.
- V-phase coils 22A, 21B, and 23C each generate a V-phase voltage VV.
- W-phase coils 23A, 22B and 21C each generate W-phase voltage VW.
- Each phase difference between any two of the three phase voltages VU, VV and VW is an electrical angle of 120 degrees.
- the alternator has a series power generation mode and a parallel power generation mode.
- the series power generation mode is executed.
- FIG. 4 shows vectors of six voltages V1-V6 applied to the rectifiers 3A, 3B and 3C in the series power generation mode.
- the voltages V1 and V2 are applied to the rectifier 3A.
- the voltages V3 and V4 are applied to the rectifier 3B.
- the voltages V5 and V6 are applied to the rectifier 3C. Accordingly, the three rectifiers 3A, 3B, and 3C are six-phase diode rectifiers in the series power generation mode.
- the parallel power generation mode is executed.
- the three rectifiers 3A, 3B and 3C rectify the three three-phase voltages separately.
- the three rectifiers 3A, 3B, and 3C are connected in parallel in the parallel power generation mode. Since each current flowing through each of the rectifiers 3A, 3B, and 3C is 1/3 as compared with the conventional three-phase double-ended rectifier of the alternator, each of the rectifiers 3A, 3B, and 3C is compact.
- the power generation voltage in the parallel power generation mode is half of the power generation voltage in the series power generation mode.
- FIG. 5 shows an arrangement of nine phase coils 21A-23C wound around a stator core (not shown).
- Three U-phase coils 21A, 23B and 22C form a circle.
- Three V-phase coils 22A, 21B and 23C form a circle.
- Three W-phase coils 23A, 22B and 21C form a circle.
- the U-phase coils 21A, 23B and 22C are equivalent to the conventional three-phase U-phase coil.
- V-phase coils 22A, 21B, and 23C are equivalent to conventional three-phase V-phase coils.
- W-phase coils 23A, 22B and 21C are equivalent to a conventional three-phase W-phase coil.
- the neutral point relay 5 has a lifetime problem which means damage to the contacts 51-54 due to sparks. A major spark occurs when the relay 5 is opened. When the mode shifts from the series power generation mode to the parallel power generation mode, the relay 5 is opened. However, the surge voltage between the fixed contacts 51-53 and the movable contact 54 is suppressed by the diode legs 33A, 33B and 33C. Thereby, the life of the relay 5 is extended. Furthermore, it is possible to reduce the field current applied to the field coil of the field coil type alternator immediately before the mode switching. Therefore, the surge voltage is reduced by reducing the field current. The life of the relay 5 is sufficiently extended.
- FIG. 6 shows a starter generator with double the number of turns.
- the starter generator is essentially the same as the alternator shown in FIG. However, the starter generator employs three three-phase hybrid power converters 3A-3C.
- the power converter 3A includes a U-phase switch leg 31A, a V-phase switch leg 32A, and a W-phase diode leg 33A.
- the power converter 3B includes a V-phase switch leg 31B, a W-phase switch leg 32B, and a U-phase diode leg 33B.
- the power converter 3C includes a W-phase switch leg 31C, a U-phase switch leg 32C, and a V-phase diode leg 33C.
- the starter generator has a series motor mode and a parallel motor mode in addition to the series power generation mode and the parallel power generation mode described above.
- the neutral point relay 5 is closed in the series power generation mode and the series electric motor mode.
- the neutral point relay 5 is opened in the parallel power generation mode and the parallel electric mode.
- the series electric mode is used in the engine start period and the low speed torque assist period.
- the parallel electric mode is used during the high speed torque assist period.
- a six-phase inverter composed of six switch legs 31A, 32A, 31B, 32B, 31C and 32C applies six phase voltages to the three-phase windings 2A, 2B and 2C.
- Power converter 3A supplies U-phase current IU and V-phase current IV to three-phase winding 2A.
- Power converter 3B supplies another V-phase current IV and W-phase current IW to three-phase winding 2B.
- the power converter 3C supplies another W-phase current IW and another U-phase current IU to the three-phase winding 2B.
- each of the six phase currents has a sinusoidal waveform.
- the stator coil generates six back electromotive forces V1-V6 shown in FIG.
- the three diode legs 33A, 33B and 33C are at rest in the series motor mode.
- the six-phase inverter consists of three H bridges.
- the first H bridge composed of the switch legs 31A and 32A applies the first single-phase voltage V1-V2 to the phase coils 21A and 22A connected in series.
- the second H-bridge composed of the switch legs 31B and 32B applies the second single-phase voltage V3-V4 to the phase coils 21B and 22B connected in series.
- the third H bridge composed of the switch legs 31C and 32C applies the third single-phase voltage V5-V6 to the phase coils 21C and 22C connected in series.
- the three diode legs 33A, 33B and 33C are at rest in the parallel motor mode.
- the surge voltage between the fixed contacts 51-53 and the movable contact 54 is limited by the diode legs 33A, 33B and 33C. Thereby, the life of the relay 5 is extended. Furthermore, it is possible to reduce the field current supplied to the field coil of the field coil alternator immediately before the mode switching. Therefore, the surge voltage is reduced by reducing the field current. The life of the relay 5 is sufficiently extended.
- FIG. 7 shows another starter generator with double turns.
- This starter generator is essentially the same as the starter generator shown in FIG.
- the diode legs 33A, 33B and 33C are omitted in FIG.
- a neutral point switch 5A is employed instead of the neutral point relay 5.
- the neutral point switch 5A includes a three-phase diode rectifier 55 and a short-circuit switch 56. Rectifier 55 is connected to W-phase coil 23A, U-phase coil 23B, and V-phase coil 23C.
- the starter generator has a series generation mode and a series motor mode that are essentially the same as those of the starter generator shown in FIG.
- the starter generator further has a parallel power generation mode and a parallel motor mode different from the starter generator shown in FIG.
- the serial mode is executed when the short-circuit switch 56 is turned on, and the parallel mode is executed when the short-circuit switch 56 is turned off.
- the first H bridge composed of the switch legs 31A and 32A has a first voltage difference between the two phase voltages V1 and V2 generated by the phase coils 21A and 22A. Rectify.
- the second H bridge composed of the switch legs 31B and 32B rectifies the second voltage difference between the two phase voltages V3 and V4 generated by the phase coils 21B and 22B.
- the third H bridge composed of the switch legs 31C and 32C rectifies the third voltage difference between the two phase voltages V5 and V6 generated by the phase coils 21C and 22C.
- the first H bridge including the switch legs 31A and 32A supplies the first current having the same phase as the voltage difference V1-V2 to the phase coils 21A and 22A connected in series.
- the second H bridge composed of the switch legs 31B and 32B supplies a second current having the same phase as the voltage difference V3-V4 to the phase coils 21B and 22B connected in series.
- the third H bridge composed of the switch legs 31C and 32C supplies a third current in phase with the voltage difference V5-V6 to the phase coils 21C and 22C connected in series.
- FIG. 8 shows a traction motor having a number of turns increased.
- the traction motor is essentially the same as the starter generator shown in FIG. However, the traction motor employs three three-phase inverters 3A, 3B and 3C. In other words, the traction motor employs three switch legs 33A, 33B and 33C instead of the three diode legs 33A, 33B and 33C. Further, a neutral point switch 5B is employed instead of the neutral point relay 5.
- the neutral point switch 5B includes MOS transistors 57-59 whose source electrodes are connected to each other. The drain electrode of transistor 57 is connected to W-phase coil 23A. The drain electrode of transistor 58 is connected to U-phase coil 23B. The drain electrode of transistor 59 is connected to V-phase coil 23B.
- Series modes including series generation mode and series motor mode, are operated when transistors 57-59 are turned on.
- Parallel modes including parallel power generation mode and parallel motor mode, are operated when transistors 57-59 are turned off.
- the series power generation mode, the series electric motor mode, and the parallel power generation mode are the same as those of the starter generator shown in FIG.
- the three inverters 3A, 3B and 3C supply three three-phase currents to the three three-phase windings 2A, 2B and 2C. Therefore, each three-phase current is 1/3 of the three-phase current supplied to the conventional three-phase winding.
- the neutral point relay 5 or the neutral point switch 5A can be employed.
- FIG. 9 shows a field current controller of a Landel motor employed in the motor shown in FIGS.
- the field coil includes two subcoils 61 and 62 wound around the Landel rotor core.
- the field current controller includes an H bridge 7 and a diode circuit 8.
- the H bridge 7 includes two switch legs 71 and 72.
- the diode circuit 8 is accommodated in a terminal ring fixed to the rotor shaft. This terminal ring connects the slip rings 9 and 10 to the subcoils 61 and 62.
- the diode circuit 8 includes three series diodes 81-83 and four parallel diodes 84-87.
- the subcoils 61 and 62 are connected in series through a series diode 82.
- the subcoil 61 is connected to the switch leg 71 through the series diode 81 and the slip ring 9.
- the subcoil 62 is connected to the switch leg 72 through the series diode 83 and the slip ring 10.
- the parallel diode 84 is connected in parallel with the series diode 81 and the subcoil 61 connected in series.
- the parallel diode 85 is connected in parallel with the series diode 81, the subcoil 61, the series diode 82, and the subcoil 62 that are connected in series.
- the parallel diode 86 is connected in parallel to the subcoil 61, the series diode 82, the subcoil 62, and the series diode 83 that are connected in series.
- the parallel diode 87 is connected in parallel with the sub-coil 62 and the series diode 83 connected in series.
- the two subcoils 61 and 62 are connected in series. This is called a series field mode.
- the two subcoils 61 and 62 are connected in parallel. This is called a parallel field mode.
- the serial field mode is adopted by the parallel mode.
- the parallel field mode is adopted by the series mode.
- the H-bridge 7 is turned off. Thereby, the residual magnetic energy of the subcoils 61 and 62 is regenerated to the DC power source. As a result, the field current decreases rapidly. Further, a field current flows from the switch leg 72 to the switch leg 71 when the engine of the starter generator is started. As a result, the field current can rise rapidly.
- FIG. 10 shows a modification of the field current controller shown in FIG.
- the three power converters 3A-3C shown in FIG. 6 are connected to a low-voltage battery 90 through a switch 91 and further connected to a high-voltage capacitor 80 through a switch 81.
- Switch 81 is closed in series mode and switch 91 is closed in parallel mode.
- the battery 90 applies a battery voltage to the switch leg 71, and the capacitor 80 applies a capacitor voltage to the switch leg 72.
- the battery 90 supplies field current in the series field mode.
- Capacitor 80 supplies field current in the parallel field mode.
- the H bridge 7 and the subcoils 61 and 62 can operate as a DCDC converter. Therefore, the battery 90 can charge the capacitor 80 through the DCDC converter.
- the DCDC converter can be omitted.
- the field current controller shown in FIG. 9 and FIG. 10 can also be adopted for the conventional Rundel-type alternator or Rundel-type starter generator.
- FIG. 11 shows a pole number double alternator that can double the number of rotor poles.
- the stator coil consists of two three-phase windings 1 and 2.
- the delta connection type three-phase winding 1 includes a U-phase coil U1, a V-phase coil V1, and a W-phase coil W1.
- the three-phase winding 1 can have a star connection.
- the three-phase winding 1 is connected to a first three-phase diode rectifier 3A including a U-phase diode leg 3U, a V-phase diode leg 3V, and a W-phase diode leg 3W.
- a phase coil U1 connected to the U-phase leg 3U generates a U-phase voltage VU1.
- the phase coil V1 connected to the V-phase leg 3V generates a U-phase voltage VV1.
- a phase coil W1 connected to the W-phase leg 3W generates a W-phase voltage VW1.
- the double-ended three-phase winding 2 includes a U-phase coil U2, a V-phase coil V2, and a W-phase coil W2.
- the number of turns of the six phase coils U1, V1, W1, U2, V2, and W2 is essentially equal to each other.
- the three-phase winding 2 is connected between the diode rectifier 3A and the second three-phase diode rectifier 4A.
- the rectifier 4A includes a U-phase diode leg 4U, a V-phase diode leg 4V, and a W-phase diode leg 4W.
- U-phase coil U2 connected between U-phase legs 3U and 4U generates U-phase voltage VU2.
- V-phase coil V2 connected between V-phase legs 3V and 4V generates V-phase voltage VV2.
- W-phase coil W2 connected between W-phase legs 3W and 4W generates W-phase voltage VW2.
- the alternator has a series power generation mode and a parallel power generation mode.
- the number of rotor poles in the series power generation mode is doubled compared to the parallel power generation mode.
- the U-phase voltages VU1 and VU2 are in the same direction.
- V-phase voltages VV1 and VV2 are in the same direction.
- W-phase voltages VW1 and VW2 are in the same direction.
- Each phase difference between any two of the three phase voltages VU1, VV1, and VW1 is an electrical angle of 120 degrees.
- each phase difference between any two of the three phase voltages VU2, VV2, and VW2 is an electrical angle of 120 degrees.
- the three phase voltages VU2, VV2, and VW2 are relatively reversed compared to the three phase voltages VU1, VV1, and VW1.
- the series generation mode reverses the direction of the three phase voltages VU2, VV2, and VW2.
- the rectifier 4A rectifies the three-phase generated voltage of the two three-phase windings 1 and 2.
- the added phase voltage vector VU1 + VU2-VV2 is rectified by the legs 4U and 4V.
- the added phase voltage vector VV1 + VV2-VW2 is rectified by the legs 4V and 4W.
- the added phase voltage vector VW1 + VW2-VU2 is rectified by the legs 4W and 4U.
- the rectifier 3A rectifies the first three-phase voltage generated by the three-phase winding 1. Furthermore, the rectifiers 3A and 4A rectify the second three-phase voltage generated by the three-phase winding 2.
- the H bridge composed of the legs 3U and 4U rectifies the U-phase voltage VU2.
- Another H-bridge consisting of legs 3V and 4V rectifies V-phase voltage VV2.
- Another H-bridge consisting of legs 3W and 4W rectifies W-phase voltage VW2.
- FIG. 12 shows another pole doubling alternator that can double the number of rotor poles.
- the alternator is almost the same as the alternator shown in FIG. However, the three-phase winding 1 has a star connection.
- the rectifier 4A rectifies two three-phase voltages added in series.
- legs 4U and 4V rectify voltage vector U1 + U2-V1-V2.
- Legs 4V and 4W rectify voltage vector V1 + V2-W1-W2.
- Legs 4W and 4U rectify voltage vector W1 + W2-U1-U2.
- the rectifier 3A rectifies the first three-phase voltage generated by the three-phase winding 1.
- the rectifier 3A rectifies three voltages VU1-VV1, VV1-VW1, and VW1-VU1.
- the U-phase H bridge composed of the U-phase legs 3U and 4U rectifies the U-phase voltage VU2 generated by the U-phase coil U2.
- the V-phase H bridge composed of the V-phase legs 3V and 4V rectifies the V-phase voltage VV2 generated by the V-phase coil V2.
- the W-phase H bridge composed of the W-phase legs 3W and 4W rectifies the W-phase voltage VW2 generated by the W-phase coil W2.
- rectifiers 3A and 4A rectify three three-phase voltages VU2, VV2, and VW2.
- the number of turns of the phase coils U2, V2 and W2 is set to 150% or 200% of the number of turns of the phase coils U1, V1 and W1.
- FIG. 13 shows a pole number doubling starter generator that can double the number of rotor poles.
- the starter generator is substantially equal to the alternator shown in FIG.
- the starter generator employs a three-phase inverter 4 instead of the diode rectifier 4A shown in FIG. Therefore, the starter generator can execute the series electric mode in addition to the series power generation mode and the parallel power generation mode described above.
- the U-phase coil 4U supplies a U-phase current to the U-phase coils U1 and U2 connected in series.
- V-phase coil 4V supplies a V-phase current to V-phase coils V1 and V2 connected in series.
- W-phase coil 4W supplies W-phase current to W-phase coils W1 and W2 connected in series.
- EMF electromotive force
- FIG. 14 shows a pole doubling traction motor capable of doubling the number of rotor poles.
- the traction motor is substantially equal to the starter generator shown in FIG.
- the traction motor employs a three-phase inverter 3 instead of the diode rectifier 3A shown in FIG. Therefore, the traction motor can execute the parallel electric mode in addition to the series electric mode, the series power generation mode, and the parallel power generation mode.
- FIG. 14 shows the three-phase current supplied to the two three-phase windings 1 and 2 in the series electric mode.
- U-phase leg 4U supplies U-phase current IU to U-phase coils U1 and U2 connected in series.
- V-phase leg 4V supplies V-phase current IV to V-phase coils V1 and V2 connected in series.
- W-phase leg 4W supplies W-phase current IW to W-phase coils W1 and W2 connected in series. Therefore, the traction motor can generate a strong engine starting torque.
- FIG. 15 shows the three-phase current supplied to the two three-phase windings 1 and 2 in the parallel electric mode.
- the back EMFs of the three phase coils U2, V2 and W2 are reversed.
- Three-phase inverter 3 supplies three phase currents IU1, IV1 and IW1 separately to three phase coils U1, V1 and W1.
- Two three-phase inverters 3 and 4 separately supply three phase currents IU2, IV2 and IW2 to three phase coils U2, V2 and W2. Therefore, the traction motor can generate a strong torque in the high speed region.
- FIG. 16 and 17 are schematic development views showing a first winding example of the pole number doubling motor.
- the two three-phase windings 1 and 2 are wound around the stator core 5 in a short-node two-phase lap winding method.
- FIG. 16 shows a parallel mode with 12 slots S1-S12 at an electrical angle of 360 degrees.
- FIG. 17 shows a parallel mode with 12 slots S1-S12 at an electrical angle of 720 degrees.
- Phase coils U1, V1 and W1 are shown by solid lines with arrows in FIGS.
- Phase coils U2, V2 and W2 are illustrated in FIG. 16 and FIG. 17 by broken lines with arrows. The arrow indicates the direction of the phase current.
- the U-phase currents of the U-phase coils U1 and U2 respectively include a forward U-phase current U and a return U-phase current -U.
- the V-phase currents of the V-phase coils V1 and V2 each include a forward V-phase current V and a return V-phase current -V.
- the W-phase currents of the W-phase coils W1 and W2 each include a forward W-phase current W and a return-direction W-phase current -W.
- the forward current means a phase current flowing into the slots S1 to S12.
- the current in the return direction means the phase current flowing out from the slots S1 to S12.
- the three teeth of the stator core 5 are arranged between the forward current and return current of the same phase current.
- the forward currents U, V and W have opposite directions to the return currents -U, -V and -W, respectively.
- FIG. 18 shows a vector of twelve slot currents that flow separately through twelve slots S1-S12 in parallel mode.
- the slot current means the total current composed of all currents in one slot.
- Slot current U + W in slot S2 is equal to slot current ⁇ V.
- the slot current -V-W in the slot S12 is equal to the slot current U.
- the slot current U + V in the slot S10 is equal to the slot current -W.
- the slot current -W-U in the slot S8 is equal to the slot current V.
- the slot current V + W in the slot S6 is equal to the slot current ⁇ U.
- the slot current -U-V in the slot S4 is equal to the slot current W.
- FIG. 19 shows six slot currents U-V, U-W, V-W, V-U, W-U and W-V that flow separately through 12 slots S1-S12 in the series mode.
- Slot currents U-V flow through slots S1 and S7, respectively.
- Slot current U-W flows through slots S2 and S8, respectively.
- Slot current V-W flows through slots S3 and S9, respectively.
- Slot current V-U flows through slots S4 and S10, respectively.
- Slot current W-U flows through slots S5 and S11, respectively.
- Slot current W-V flows through slots S6 and S12, respectively.
- FIGS. 20 and 21 are schematic development views showing a second winding example of the pole number doubling motor.
- the two three-phase windings 1 and 2 are wound around the stator core 5 by a short-ply two-layer lap winding method.
- FIG. 20 shows a parallel mode with six slots S1-S6 within an electrical angle of 360 degrees.
- FIG. 21 shows a series mode with six slots S1-S6 within an electrical angle of 720 degrees.
- Phase coils U1, V1 and W1 are shown by solid lines with arrows in FIGS.
- Phase coils U2, V2 and W2 are illustrated by broken lines with arrows in FIGS. The arrow indicates the direction of the phase current.
- Each of the U-phase currents of the U-phase coils U1 and U2 includes a U-phase current U in the forward direction and a U-phase current -U in the return direction.
- the V-phase currents of V-phase coils V1 and V2 each include a forward V-phase current V and a return V-phase current -V.
- Each of the W-phase currents of W-phase coils W1 and W2 includes a forward-direction W-phase current W and a return-direction W-phase current -W.
- the forward current means a phase current flowing into the slots S1 to S6 of the stator core 5.
- the current in the return direction means a phase current flowing out from the slots S1 to S6 of the stator core 5.
- Two teeth of the stator core 5 are arranged between the current in the forward direction and the current in the return direction of the same phase current.
- the forward currents U, V, and W have opposite directions to the return currents -U, -V, and -W, respectively.
- FIG. 22 shows vectors of six slot currents W-V, W-U, V-U, V-W, U-W and U-V flowing separately through the six slots S1-S6 in the parallel mode.
- Slot current W-V flows through slot S1.
- Slot current W-U flows through slot S2.
- Slot current V-U flows through slot S3.
- the slot current V-W flows through the slot S4.
- Slot current U-W flows through slot S5.
- the slot current U-V flows through the slot S6.
- FIG. 23 shows vectors of three slot currents V-W, W-U, and U-V that separately flow through the six slots S1-S6 in the series mode.
- Slot current V-W flows through slots S1 and S4, respectively.
- Slot current W-U flows through slots S2 and S5, respectively.
- Slot current U-V flows through slots S3 and S6, respectively.
- FIG. 24 is a cross-sectional view showing a Landel rotor 6 capable of doubling the number of rotor poles.
- the rotor 6 has a rotor core 63 fixed to the rotor shaft 64.
- the rotor core 63 includes a left core 65, a center core 66, and a right core 67.
- the pair of cores 65 and 66 is essentially the same as a conventional Landell rotor core.
- the pair of cores 66 and 67 is essentially the same as a conventional Landell rotor core.
- the field coil includes subcoils 61 and 62.
- the subcoil 61 is wound around the bosses 65B and 66B of the cores 65 and 66.
- the subcoil 62 is wound around the bosses 66B and 67B of the cores 66 and 67.
- the left core 65 has a claw portion 65N extending backward from a pole portion 65P protruding from the boss portion 65B.
- the right core 67 has a claw portion 67N extending forward from a pole portion 67P protruding from the boss portion 67B.
- the central core 66 has a claw portion 66N extending rearward and forward from a pole portion 66P protruding from the boss portion 66B.
- FIG. 25 is an axial sectional view showing the central core 66.
- FIG. 26 is an axial sectional view showing the right core 67.
- the claw portions 66N are disposed between the adjacent claw portions 65N and 67N, respectively. Therefore, the number of the claw portions 66N is equal to the sum of the numbers of the claw portions 65N and 67N.
- FIG. 27 is a development view showing the claw portions 65N, 66N and 67N arranged in the circumferential direction 600 of the Landel rotor 6.
- each shape of the claw portions 65N and 67N is essentially a trapezoid.
- each shape of the claw portion 66N is essentially a parallelogram.
- the rotor magnetic flux 501 in the series mode resembles a sinusoidal waveform as shown in FIG.
- the rotor flux 502 in parallel mode is similar to a sinusoidal waveform as shown in FIG.
- the left core 65, the center core 66, and the right core 67 are connected to two annular plates 551 and 552 made of an aluminum alloy, respectively.
- the ring-shaped plate 551 is fixed to each end of the core 65-67 with a screw 553.
- the annular plate 552 is fixed to each other end of the cores 65-67 by screws 554. Therefore, since the cores 65-67 are reinforced by the ring-shaped plates 551 and 552, the vibrations of the cores 65-67, especially the cores 65 and 67 are reduced.
- the annular plates 551 and 552 can have windows or wings for air flow.
- FIG. 28 is a circuit diagram showing a field current controller for supplying a field current to the subcoils 61 and 62.
- This controller comprises an H bridge 7 and a diode circuit 8.
- the H bridge 7 includes two switch legs 71 and 72.
- the diode circuit 8 is accommodated in a terminal ring fixed to the rotor shaft 64. This terminal ring has four terminals for connecting the subcoils 61 and 62 to the slip rings 9 and 10.
- the diode circuit 8 includes two parallel diodes 81 and 82 and one series diode 83.
- the two subcoils 61 and 62 are connected in parallel. This is called a parallel field mode.
- the two subcoils 61 and 62 are connected in series. This is called a series field mode.
- the field current flowing through the subcoil 62 has a constant direction despite the H-bridge 7 reversing the field current direction. However, when the field current direction of the H bridge 7 is reversed, the direction of the field current flowing through the subcoil 62 is reversed.
- the serial field mode is adopted by the parallel mode.
- the claw portion 65N has an N pole and the claw portion 67N has an S pole.
- the number of rotor poles is equal to the sum of the numbers of the claw portions 65N and 67N.
- the parallel field mode is adopted by the series mode.
- the claw portion 67N holds the S pole
- the claw portion 65N has the S pole.
- the claw portion 66N has an N pole. Therefore, the number of rotor poles is the sum of the numbers of the claw portions 65N, 66N and 67N.
- the series mode has a doubled number of rotor poles compared to the parallel mode.
- the inductance value of the field coil is reduced in the parallel field mode because of the parallel connection of the subcoils 61 and 62. As a result, the starter generator can start the internal combustion engine quickly.
- FIGS. 24-28 show a field coil synchronous motor capable of doubling the number of rotor poles.
- the asynchronous motor can employ the above-mentioned pole doubling technique shown in FIGS.
- Asynchronous motors do not require a special rotor structure for switching the number of rotor poles.
- the permanent magnet synchronous motor capable of doubling the number of rotor poles can also employ the above-mentioned pole number doubling technology.
- FIG. 29 is a circuit diagram of this starter generator.
- a stator coil 1 called a series three-phase winding is composed of a U-phase coil 1U, a V-phase coil 1V and a W-phase coil 1W connected in series.
- the stator coil 1 is connected to a four-leg converter 2 composed of four legs 2A, 2B, 2C and 2D.
- U-phase coil 1U is connected between switch legs 2A and 2B.
- V-phase coil 1V is connected between switch legs 2B and 2C.
- W-phase coil 1W is connected between switch legs 2C and 2D.
- the switch legs 2A and 2D are connected to the capacitor 8. It is also possible to employ a lithium ion battery having a high voltage instead of the capacitor 8.
- the diode legs 2B and 2C are connected to the battery 9 through the battery switch 3.
- U-phase coil 1U generates U-phase voltage Vu.
- V phase coil 1V generates V phase voltage Vv.
- W-phase coil 1W generates W-phase voltage Vw.
- the phase voltages Vu, Vv and Vw are called so-called back EMF in the electric mode.
- the starter generator has a series power generation mode, a series motor mode, and a parallel power generation mode.
- the series mode the number of rotor poles is three times that of the parallel mode.
- Each phase difference between any two of the three phase voltages Vu, Vv and Vw is zero electrical angle in the series mode.
- the phase voltages Vu, Vv, and Vw are in phase with each other.
- the series mode has a single-phase electric mode and a single-phase power generation mode.
- the single-phase electric mode is used for engine start or torque assist.
- the single-phase power generation mode is used for regenerative braking or low-speed power generation.
- the two switch legs 2A and 2D are switched to supply a single-phase current from the capacitor 8 to the three phase coils 1U, 1V and 1W.
- the two switch legs 2A and 2D rectify the sum of the three single-phase voltages Vu, Vv and Vw in phase with each other in order to charge the capacitor 8.
- the phase coils 1U, 1V and 1W separately generate three phase voltages Vu, Vv and Vw.
- the phase difference between any two of the three phase voltages Vu, Vv and Vw is 120 electrical degrees.
- the parallel power generation mode is used to charge the battery 9 through the battery switch 3 in the high speed region.
- the two diode legs 2B and 2C operate as an incomplete three-phase rectifier for charging the battery 9.
- the rectified voltage has a distorted waveform.
- the number of rotor poles is tripled in the series mode.
- the switch leg 4A connected to the battery 9 supplies a field current to the field coil 5 in the parallel mode.
- the switch leg 4B connected to the capacitor 8 supplies a field current to the field coil 5 in the series mode.
- the H bridge 4 and the field coil 5 function as a step-up DCDC converter.
- the upper arm switch 45 of the switch leg 4A is turned on, and the lower arm switch 42 of the switch leg 4A is turned off.
- the upper arm switch 41 and the lower arm switch 46 of the switch leg 4B are complementarily switched at a predetermined frequency. While switch 46 is turned on, the field current is increased. When the switch 46 is turned off, the boosted voltage is applied to the capacitor 8. When the capacitor voltage reaches the rated voltage, the switching of the switch leg 4B is stopped.
- the single-phase electric mode of the synchronous motor has a drawback that it has a dead point where the motor torque becomes zero.
- This dead center problem is solved by using an internal combustion engine. A predetermined amount of fuel injected into the cylinder of the internal combustion engine is ignited at the beginning of engine start. Since the engine starts the rotation of the starter generator, the single phase starter generator can rotate.
- the starter generator Since the capacitor voltage is higher than the battery voltage, the starter generator generates a strong engine starting torque. Furthermore, the number of poles and the number of turns are each increased by a factor of three. Further, the capacitor 8 supplies a field current when the engine is started. As a result, the field current is rapidly increased at the beginning of the engine start.
- FIG. 30 is a side view of the Landel rotor core 12 including the front core 12A and the back core 12B.
- the field coil 5 is wound around the bosses of the cores 12A and 12B fixed to the rotor shaft 10.
- the front core 12A has two claw portions 61 and 62 extending rearward.
- the back core 12B has two claw portions 63 and 64 extending forward.
- the claw portions 61-64 have permanent magnets 65-68 fixed to the concave portions 60 of the claw portions 61-64.
- Permanent magnets 65-68 are called magnet poles.
- the permanent magnets 65-68 can be embedded in the claw portions 61-64.
- the magnet poles 65-66 each have an N pole.
- Magnet poles 67 and 68 each have an S pole.
- each of the claw portions 61-64 has two core poles 69 separately disposed at two circumferential ends of the claw portions 61-64 as shown in FIG.
- Each of the core poles 69 is a part of the claw portions 61-64.
- the two core poles 69 and 69 are disposed between two adjacent ones of the magnet poles 65-68.
- FIG. 31 is a development view showing the claw portions 62 and 63 arranged in the circumferential direction 600.
- each of the magnet poles 66 and 67 is essentially a trapezoid.
- each shape of the core pole 69 is essentially a parallelogram.
- the rotor magnetic flux 501 in the series mode resembles a sinusoidal waveform as shown in FIG.
- the rotor flux 502 in the parallel mode resembles a sinusoidal waveform as shown in FIG.
- the waveform of the rotor magnetic flux 502 can be controlled by the field current.
- the four core poles 69 of the claw portions 61 and 62 each have an S pole, and the four core poles 69 of the claw portions 63 and 64 each have N With poles.
- the polarity of the permanent magnets 65-68 is not changed by the field current.
- the rotor core 12 has 12 rotor poles in the series mode.
- the four core poles 69 of the claw portions 61 and 62 each have an N pole, and the four core poles 69 of the claw portions 63 and 64 have S With poles.
- the rotor core 12 has substantially four rotor poles in the parallel mode.
- FIG. 32 is a development view showing the stator coil 1 of the full-node two-layer distributed winding type.
- the stator coil 1 is wound around the stator core 100.
- U-phase coil 1U is accommodated in slots S1 and S4.
- V-phase coil 1V is accommodated in slots S2 and S5.
- W-phase coil 1W is accommodated in slots S3 and S6.
- FIG. 33 is a developed view showing the concentrated winding type stator coil 1. Phase coils 1U, 1V and 1W are wound around three teeth of stator core 100 separately.
- FIG. 34 shows six vectors U, -V, W, -U, V and -W in parallel mode.
- FIG. 35 shows six vectors U, -V, W, -U, V and -W in the serial mode.
- Six vectors U, -V, W, -U, V, and -W represent six slot currents in the six slots S1-S6 shown in FIG. Further, the six vectors U, -V, W, -U, V, and -W represent the six teeth magnetic fluxes output from the six teeth 101 shown in FIG.
- the battery switch 3 When the battery voltage of the battery 9 reaches a predetermined maximum value, the battery switch 3 is turned off. Therefore, the battery 9 is not overcharged by the magnet poles 65-68 in the ultra high speed region.
- the rotor core 12 shown in FIG. 30 has 24 poles in the series mode and 8 poles in the parallel mode.
- the stator core 100 has 24 slots and 24 teeth. By reducing the number of poles, copper loss and iron loss are reduced in parallel mode. The engine start time delay is reduced by a rapid increase in field current.
- the starter generator has two series three-phase windings that are separately connected to two four-leg converters. Two single-phase currents flow separately through two series three-phase windings in series mode. The phase difference between these two single phase currents is an electrical angle of 90 degrees. As a result, the starter generator acts as a two-phase motor or a two-phase generator in series mode. However, two 4 leg converters require 8 legs.
- FIG. 36 is a circuit diagram of a field coil starter generator.
- the starter generator employs a series 6-phase winding 1A connected to a 7-leg converter 2X.
- a series six-phase winding 1A as a stator coil is composed of six phase coils 1U, 1V, 1W, 1X, 1Y and 1Z.
- the series 6-phase winding 1A includes a first series 6-phase winding and a second series 3-phase winding connected in series.
- the first series three-phase winding includes phase coils 1U, 1V and 1W connected in series.
- the second series three-phase winding includes phase coils 1X, 1Y, and 1Z connected in series.
- the 7-leg converter 2X is composed of 7 legs 2A-2G.
- the first four-leg converter consists of four legs 2A, 2B, 2C and 2D.
- the second four-leg converter consists of four legs 2D, 2E, 2F and 2G.
- the switch legs 2A, 2D and 2G are connected to the capacitor 8.
- the diode legs 2B, 2C, 2E and 2F are connected to the battery 9 through the battery switch 3.
- the starter generator has a series power generation mode, a parallel power generation mode, and a series electric motor mode which are equal to the mode of the starter generator shown in FIG.
- the phase difference between the first and second phase currents is an electrical angle of 90 degrees.
- the starter generator becomes a two-phase starter generator. Two-phase current in series mode flows through switch legs 2A, 2D and 2G.
- the first three-phase voltage is generated by the three phase coils 1U, 1V, and 1W.
- the second three-phase voltage is generated by the three phase coils 1X, 1Y and 1Z.
- the diode legs 2B, 2C, 2D and 2E rectify the first three-phase voltage and the second three-phase voltage.
- the rectified six-phase voltage has a distorted waveform and is applied to the battery 9.
- the starter generator becomes a kind of 6-phase generator in the parallel power generation mode.
- FIG. 36 shows a field current controller connected to the field coil 5.
- the field coil 5 includes three subcoils 53-55 connected in series.
- the field current controller includes an H bridge 4 and a diode circuit 7.
- the H bridge 4 including the two switch legs 4A and 4B is the same as the H bridge 4 shown in FIG.
- the diode circuit 7 includes a series diode 74 and two parallel diodes 76 and 7.
- This field current controller has a straight iron field mode and a parallel field mode.
- the field current flows from the switch leg 4A to the switch leg 4B through the series diode 74 and the three subcoils 55-53.
- the parallel field mode half of the field current flows from the switch leg 4B to the switch leg 4A through the subcoil 53 and the parallel diode 77.
- the other half of the field current flows from the switch leg 4B to the switch leg 4A through the parallel diode 76, the subcoils 55 and 54, and the parallel diode 77.
- the subcoil 53 is connected in parallel with the two subcoils 55 and 54 connected in series.
- the direction of the field current flowing through the subcoil 53 is reversed when the mode is switched.
- the direction of the field current flowing through the subcoils 55 and 54 is constant even during mode switching.
- FIG. 37 is a side view showing the terminal ring 11 fixed to the rotor shaft 64 supported by the motor housing 12.
- the terminal ring 11 is adjacent to the rotor core 13.
- the four terminals of the terminal ring 11 connect the field coil 5 to a slip ring (not shown).
- Terminals 711, 721 and 731 are shown in FIG.
- the terminal ring 11 houses the diode circuit 7.
- FIG. 38 is a schematic diagram showing the rotor core 13 that can increase the number of rotor poles by three times.
- the rotor core 13 has six core poles 131-136. Further, the rotor core 13 has six slots 141-146 each disposed between two adjacent ones of the core poles 131-136.
- the subcoil 53 is accommodated in the slots 145 and 146.
- the subcoil 54 is accommodated in the slots 141 and 142.
- the subcoil 55 is accommodated in the slots 143 and 144. Since the field currents of the subcoils 54 and 55 each have a certain direction, the core pole 131 has an N pole and the core pole 132 has an S pole.
- the magnetic polarity of the core pole 133-136 is reversed by the reversal of the field current.
- the rotor core 13 has substantially two rotor poles in the series field mode and the parallel mode.
- the rotor core 13 has six rotor poles in the parallel field mode and the series mode.
- Subcoils 54 and 55 can be connected in parallel with subcoil 53 together with diodes 74, 76 and 77. Furthermore, since the inductance value of the field coil 5 is reduced in the parallel field mode, the field current rapidly increases in the series mode. It is also possible to change the subcoils 54 and 55 to permanent magnets fixed to the core poles 131 and 132.
- FIG. 39 is a developed view showing a short coil two-layer distributed winding type stator coil 1A.
- the six phase coils 1U, 1V, 1W, 1X, 1Y and 1Z are accommodated in 12 slots S1-S12 of the stator core 100.
- Each arrow shown by FIG. 39 shows each direction of the six phase currents IU, IV, IW, IX, IY and IZ supplied to the six phase coils 1U, 1V, 1W, 1X, 1Y and 1Z. .
- FIG. 40 shows twelve slot currents I1-I12 flowing separately through twelve slots S1-S12 in the parallel mode.
- the slot current means a vector sum of two phase currents flowing in one slot. As shown in FIG. 40, each phase difference between two adjacent slot currents is an electrical angle of 30 degrees in the parallel mode. Twelve vectors U--Z shown in FIG. 40 indicate directions of twelve phase currents IU to -IZ.
- FIG. 41 shows 12 vectors of 12 phase currents IU to -IZ in series mode.
- the three phase currents IU, IV and IW are in phase in the series mode.
- the three phase currents IX, IY and IZ are also in phase in the series mode.
- the four slot currents IA, IB, IC and IZ flow separately through the four adjacent slots as shown in FIG.
- FIG. 42 is a schematic diagram showing a concentrated winding type stator coil 1A.
- the stator coil 1 ⁇ / b> A is composed of a concentrated six-phase series winding.
- Two sets of six phase coils 1U, 1V, 1W, 1X, 1Y and 1Z of the stator coil 1A are individually wound around 12 teeth 102 of the stator core 100A.
- FIG. 43 shows 12 phase current vectors flowing through 12 adjacent phase coils in parallel mode. Each phase difference between two adjacent phase currents is an electrical angle of 30 degrees as shown in FIG.
- FIG. 44 shows 12 phase current vectors in series mode. The phase difference between two adjacent phase currents is an electrical angle of 90 degrees.
- FIG. 45 is a circuit diagram of a starter generator that employs a synchronous motor.
- the starter generator shown in FIG. 45 is essentially the same as the starter generator shown in FIG. However, a 4-leg inverter 2Y is employed instead of the 4-leg converter 2 shown in FIG. Further, the H bridge 4 and the field coil 5 shown in FIG. 29 are omitted.
- the controller 200 controls the 4-leg inverter 2Y according to the rotation angle detected by the rotation angle sensor 300.
- the 4-leg inverter 2Y includes four switch legs 2A, 2B, 2C, and 2D.
- the starter generator has a parallel electric mode in addition to the series power generation mode, the series electric mode, and the parallel power generation mode.
- the parallel motor mode is essentially equal to the conventional three-phase motor mode of the delta connection type.
- the four-leg inverter 2Y supplies a three-phase current to the series three-phase winding 1.
- the switch leg 2A supplies the phase current Iu.
- the switch leg 2B supplies the phase current Iv-Iu.
- the switch leg 2C supplies the phase current Iw-Iv.
- the switch leg 2D supplies the phase current -Iw. Accordingly, the two switch legs 2A and 2D are substantially equivalent to one switch leg of a conventional three-phase inverter connected to a delta connection type three-phase winding.
- the rotor core 14 has six core poles 131-136.
- the core pole 131 has an N pole by an embedded permanent magnet 55.
- the core pole 132 has an S pole by an embedded permanent magnet 52.
- the core poles 131 and 132 are called magnet poles.
- FIG. 46 shows the parallel mode.
- the three-phase stator current supplied to the series three-phase winding 1 forms a three-phase rotating magnetic field.
- the core pole 133-136 is magnetized by the d-axis current component of this three-phase stator current.
- the magnetic polarities of the core poles 133 and 134 are N poles.
- the magnetic polarities of the core poles 135 and 136 are the S poles.
- the rotor core 14 has substantially two rotor poles.
- the mechanical angle between two adjacent core poles corresponds to an electrical angle of 60 degrees.
- the d-axis current component can be made zero.
- FIG. 47 shows the serial mode.
- the single-phase current supplied to the series three-phase winding 1 generates a single-phase rotating magnetic field having a d3 axis and a q3 axis.
- the d3 axis corresponds to the d axis of the three-phase rotating magnetic field shown in FIG.
- the q3 axis corresponds to the q axis of the three-phase rotating magnetic field shown in FIG.
- the core pole 133-136 is magnetized by the d3-axis current component of the single-phase stator current.
- the magnetic polarities of the core poles 133 and 134 are S poles.
- the magnetic polarities of the core poles 135 and 136 are N poles.
- the d3-axis current component does not change the polarity of the permanent magnets 52 and 55. Accordingly, the rotor core 14 has substantially six rotor poles in the series mode. The mechanical angle between two adjacent core poles corresponds to an electrical angle of 180 degrees. Eventually, the starter generator generates permanent magnet torque and reluctance torque.
- FIG. 48 is a flowchart showing an engine start routine.
- step S100 it is determined whether or not the rotational position of the rotor core 14 is in the vicinity of the dead point that is the torque zero point of the single-phase synchronous motor. The rotation position is detected by the rotation angle sensor 300. If the rotational position is in the vicinity of the dead point, the parallel electric mode having no dead point is executed in step S102. It is determined in step 104 whether or not motor rotation has started. If the motor rotation is started, or if the rotation position is not near the dead point, the series electric mode is executed in step S106. In step S108, it is determined whether or not the engine speed has exceeded a predetermined value such as 100 rpm.
- a predetermined value such as 100 rpm.
- the parallel electric mode employing a three-phase current allows the starter generator to start near the dead center.
- the series electric mode is executed immediately after the starter generator starts rotating in the parallel electric mode.
- the single-phase synchronous motor driven by the 4-leg inverter 2Y can start the internal combustion engine.
- the starter generator having the 4-leg inverter 2Y shown in FIG. 45 can employ the field coil rotor shown in FIG.
- the field coil 5 wound around the Landell rotor core 12 has a high inductance.
- the Landell rotor core 12 shown in FIG. 30 has only four magnet poles at the beginning of the engine start-up period due to the delay of the field current. Therefore, the 4-leg inverter 2Y executes the parallel electric mode in the initial stage of the engine start period.
- the rotation of the Landel rotor core 12 is started slowly. After the Landel rotor core 12 has 12 rotor poles due to the increase of the field current, the series electric mode in which the 4-leg inverter 2Y supplies a single-phase current is executed. As a result, the dead point problem of the 4-leg inverter 2Y is solved by the parallel electric mode executed before the series electric mode.
- FIG. 49 shows a traction motor that can execute the two-phase electric mode in the series electric mode.
- the 7-leg inverter 2Z shown in FIG. 49 is substantially equal to the 7-leg converter 2X shown in FIG.
- the 7-leg inverter 2Z connected to the series 6-phase winding 1A is composed of seven switch legs 2A-2G. In other words, each of the legs 2B, 2C, 2E, and 2F employs a switch leg.
- the series power generation mode a two-phase voltage is generated.
- the series electric mode generates two-phase motor torque.
- the phase difference between the first single-phase current and the second single-phase current is an electrical angle of 90 degrees.
- leg 2A supplies phase current IU.
- Leg 2D supplies phase current IZ-IU.
- Leg 2G supplies phase current -IZ.
- the parallel power generation mode generates a six-phase voltage.
- the parallel electric mode generates 6-phase motor torque.
- the first four-leg inverter composed of the legs 2A-2D supplies the first three-phase current to the first series three-phase winding composed of the phase coils 1U, 1V and 1W.
- a second four-leg inverter consisting of legs 2D-2G supplies a second three-phase current to a second series three-phase winding consisting of phase coils 1X, 1Y and 1Z.
- the 7-leg inverter 2Z supplies a 6-phase current to the series 6-phase winding 1A in the parallel electric mode.
- the above-mentioned technology for increasing the number of poles by three times can be employed for an asynchronous motor or a memory motor. Further, this traction motor with three times the number of poles has a 10-leg converter connected to a series 9-phase winding consisting of 9 phase coils connected in series, instead of a 7-leg converter connected to a series 6-phase winding. Can be adopted.
- Each proposed motor has a series mode and a parallel mode. By connecting a plurality of phase coils in series, the series mode has twice or more turns as compared to the parallel mode due to an increase in the number of phase coils connected in series.
- Each motor requires a power converter with only one or zero neutral switch and more than three legs.
- Each motor has a low copper loss because of the low resistance value in parallel mode.
- Each motor has excellent low speed performance due to high turns or high turns and high poles in series mode.
- a power converter requires more than three legs. However, each leg is compact because each leg can handle a lower current than the leg of a conventional three-phase converter because of the high EMF in series mode.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Control Of Ac Motors In General (AREA)
- Synchronous Machinery (AREA)
Abstract
Description
同様に、V相コイル22A、21Bおよび23Cは従来の3相巻線のV相コイルと均等である。W相コイル23A、22Bおよび21Cは従来の3相巻線のW相コイルと均等である。
主要な火花はリレー5が開かれる時に生じる。モードが直列発電モードから並列発電モードに移行する時、リレー5の開放がなされる。しかし、固定接点51-53と可動接点54との間のサージ電圧は、ダイオードレグ33A、33Bおよび33Cにより抑制される。これにより、リレー5の寿命が延長される。さらに、モード切替の直前に界磁コイル式オルタネータの界磁コイルに印加される界磁電流を減らすことが可能である。したがって、界磁電流の削減により、サージ電圧は減少される。リレー5の寿命は十分に延長される。
これにより、直列モードは単相電動モードおよび単相発電モードをもつ。
同様に、V相コイル1Vは、スロットS2およびS5に収容されている。
W相コイル1Wは、スロットS3およびS6に収容されている。
図33は、集中巻き形式のステータコイル1を示す展開図である。相コイル1U、1Vおよび1Wはステータコア100の3つのティースに別々に巻かれている。
Claims (21)
- 3個以上の相コイルからなるステータコイルと、4個以上のレグからなるパワーコンバータと、前記相コイルの直列接続数を増加する直列モードおよび前記相コイルの直列接続数を減少する並列モードを有する巻数切替部とを備える巻数切替式回転電機において、
前記巻数切替部は、ロータのロータ極数の変更および3個の前記相コイルを接続する中性点スイッチの駆動のいずれかにより、直列モードにおいて並列モードと比較して2倍以上の巻数と3倍以上の抵抗値を前記ステータコイルに与えることを特徴とする巻数切替式電機。 - 前記ステータコイルは、前記パワーコンバータの第1の3相コンバータに接続される第1の3相巻線、前記パワーコンバータの第2の3相コンバータに接続される第2の3相巻線、および、前記パワーコンバータの第3の3相コンバータに接続される第3の3相巻線からなり、
前記3個の3相巻線はそれぞれ、U相コイル、V相コイルおよびW相コイルからなり、
前記巻数切替部は、前記第1の3相巻線のU相コイルと、前記第2の3相巻線のV相コイルと、前記第3の3相巻線のW相コイルとを接続する中性点スイッチからなる請求項1記載の巻数切替式電機。 - 同相の3個の前記相コイルは、ステータコア上にほぼ円形のリングを形成する請求項2記載の巻数切替式電機。
- 前記中性点スイッチは、共通の可動接点に面する3個の固定接点をもつ中性点リレーからなる請求項2記載の巻数切替式電機。
- 前記第1、第2および第3の3相コンバータはそれぞれ、前記中性点スイッチに接続される1個のダイオードレグと、前記中性点スイッチに接続されない2個のスイッチレグとからなる請求項2記載の巻数切替式電機。
- 前記ステータコイルは、前記パワーコンバータの第1の3相コンバータに接続される第1の3相巻線と、前記パワーコンバータの第2の3相コンバータと前記第1の3相コンバータとの間に接続されるダブルエンド型の第2の3相巻線との両方からなり、
前記巻数切替部は、前記並列モードと比べて前記直列モードにおけるロータ極数を倍増可能なロータを有し、
前記第1、第2の3相巻線のどちらかは、並列モードにおいて直列モードと比べて反対方向の起電力を発生する請求項1記載の巻数切替式電機。 - 前記第1の3相コンバータは3個のダイオードレグからなり、前記第2の3相コンバータは3個のスイッチレグからなる請求項6記載の巻数切替式電機。
- 前記ロータは、左コア部、中央コア部および右コア部からなるランデル型ロータコアと、前記左コア部および前記中央コア部の間に巻かれた第1の界磁コイルと、前記中央コア部および前記右コア部の間に巻かれた第2の界磁コイルとを有し、
前記中央コアは、前記左コアの爪部と前記右コアの爪部との間に配置される爪部を有し、
前記巻数切替部は、前記第1の界磁コイルへ供給する界磁電流の方向を反転し、前記第2の界磁コイルへ供給する界磁電流の方向を反転しないことにより、前記ロータ極数を2倍とする界磁電流コントローラを有する請求項6記載の巻数切替式電機。 - 前記界磁電流コントローラは、直列接続された前記2つの界磁コイルに双方向性の界磁電流を供給するHブリッジと、前記直列接続された2つの界磁コイルと並列接続された第1の並列ダイオードと、前記第2の界磁コイルと直列接続された直列ダイオードと、前記直列接続された第2の界磁コイルおよび前記直列ダイオードと並列接続された第2の並列ダイオードとを有する請求項8記載の巻数切替式電機。
- 前記直列ダイオードおよび前記2つの並列ダイオードは、前記ロータのロータ軸に固定される請求項9記載の巻数切替式電機。
- 前記ステータコイルは、互いに直列に接続された3つの前記相コイルからなる少なくとも1個の直列3相巻線を含み、
前記パワーコンバータは、前記直列3相巻線の3個の前記相コイルの各端部に別々に接続される4つのレグからなる4レグコンバータを含み、
前記巻数切替部は、単相モードを実行する前記直列モードにおけるロータ極数を、3相モードを実行する前記並列モードにおけるロータ極数の3倍とするロータを含む請求項1記載の巻数切替式電機。 - 前記4レグコンバータは、前記直列モードにおいて前記直列3相巻線の両端に接続される2つの前記レグに単相電流を流し、前記並列モードにおいて前記直列3相巻線に3相電流を流す請求項11記載の巻数切替式電機。
- 前記4レグコンバータは、スタータジエネレータに装備される前記直列3相巻線の両端に別々に接続される2個のスイッチレグと、前記直列3相巻線の他の2個の接続点に別々に接続される2個のダイオードレグとからなる請求項12記載の巻数切替式電機。
- 前記スイッチレグは、高電圧直流電源に接続され、
前記ダイオードレグは、低電圧直流電源に接続される請求項13記載の巻数切替式電機。 - 前記巻数切替部は、前記ロータの界磁コイルに流す界磁電流を方向を反転するHブリッジを有し、
前記Hブリッジの第1のスイッチレグは前記高電圧直流電源に接続され、
前記Hブリッジの第2のスイッチレグは前記低電圧直流電源に接続される請求億14記載の巻数切替式電機。 - 前記ロータは、界磁コイルが巻かれたランデル型ロータコアを有し、
前記ロータコアの各爪部は、周方向における中央部に配置された1個の永久磁石を含むマグネット極と、前記マグネット極の両側にそれぞれ配置された2個のコア極と有し、
前記巻数切替部は、前記界磁コイルへ供給する界磁電流を反転することにより、前記ロータ極数を切り換える請求項11記載の巻数切替式電機。 - 前記ロータは、3の倍数のコア極をもつロータコアを有し、
前記巻数切替部は、前記コア極の一部の極性を反転する第1の界磁コイルと、前記コア極の残部の極性を反転しない第2の界磁コイルとを有する請求項11記載の巻数切替式電機。 - 前記ロータは、3の倍数のロータ極をもつロータコアを有し、
前記ロータ極の一部は永久磁石を有するマグネット極からなり、
前記ロータ極の残部は、2つの前記マグネット極の間に配置され、前記ステータコイルに流れるd軸電流成分により極性を反転されるコア極からなる請求項11記載の巻数切替式電機。 - 前記ステータコイルは、直列接続された2つの前記直列3相巻線からなる直列6相巻線からなり、
前記パワーコンバータは、前記直列6相巻線に接続される7つのレグからなる7レグコンバータからなり、
前記巻数切替部は、6相モードを実行する前記並列モードと比べて前記直列モードにおけるロータ極数を3倍増可能なロータを含む請求項11記載の巻数切替式電機。 - 前記巻数切替部は、2個のサブコイルからなる界磁コイルに流す界磁電流を方向を反転するHブリッジと、前記界磁電流の反転により前記界磁コイルのインダクタンス値を変更するダイオード回路とを有する請求億1記載の巻数切替式電機。
- 前記巻数切替部は、前記ロータの界磁コイルに流す界磁電流を方向を反転するHブリッジを有し、
前記Hブリッジの第1のスイッチレグは高電圧直流電源に接続され、
前記Hブリッジの第2のスイッチレグは低電圧直流電源に接続される請求億1記載の巻数切替式電機。
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2017/022502 WO2018029989A1 (ja) | 2015-11-12 | 2017-06-19 | 可変速電気機械 |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2015221918 | 2015-11-12 | ||
JP2015-221918 | 2015-11-12 | ||
JP2015-244837 | 2015-12-16 | ||
JP2015244837 | 2015-12-16 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2017081900A1 true WO2017081900A1 (ja) | 2017-05-18 |
Family
ID=58695083
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2016/073580 WO2017081900A1 (ja) | 2015-11-12 | 2016-08-10 | 巻数切替式電気機械 |
PCT/JP2017/022502 WO2018029989A1 (ja) | 2015-11-12 | 2017-06-19 | 可変速電気機械 |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2017/022502 WO2018029989A1 (ja) | 2015-11-12 | 2017-06-19 | 可変速電気機械 |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
WO (2) | WO2017081900A1 (ja) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2019087362A1 (ja) * | 2017-11-02 | 2019-05-09 | 田中 正一 | 空間ベクトルパルス幅変調法 |
JPWO2018207719A1 (ja) * | 2017-05-09 | 2020-10-22 | 田中 正一 | 可変速モータ装置 |
DE102021104567A1 (de) | 2021-02-25 | 2022-09-08 | Lsp Innovative Automotive Systems Gmbh | Umrichter sowie Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Umrichters |
WO2024150444A1 (ja) * | 2023-01-14 | 2024-07-18 | 正一 田中 | スイッチドリラクタンスモータ装置 |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP6822430B2 (ja) * | 2018-02-19 | 2021-01-27 | 株式会社デンソー | 極数切替電動機の制御装置 |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20040145256A1 (en) * | 2003-01-29 | 2004-07-29 | Miekka Fred N. | Variable winding generator |
JP2013165628A (ja) * | 2011-07-13 | 2013-08-22 | Suri-Ai:Kk | 横磁束機械 |
JP2015164385A (ja) * | 2013-11-18 | 2015-09-10 | 田中 正一 | 可変速電気機械 |
-
2016
- 2016-08-10 WO PCT/JP2016/073580 patent/WO2017081900A1/ja active Application Filing
-
2017
- 2017-06-19 WO PCT/JP2017/022502 patent/WO2018029989A1/ja active Application Filing
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20040145256A1 (en) * | 2003-01-29 | 2004-07-29 | Miekka Fred N. | Variable winding generator |
JP2013165628A (ja) * | 2011-07-13 | 2013-08-22 | Suri-Ai:Kk | 横磁束機械 |
JP2015164385A (ja) * | 2013-11-18 | 2015-09-10 | 田中 正一 | 可変速電気機械 |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPWO2018207719A1 (ja) * | 2017-05-09 | 2020-10-22 | 田中 正一 | 可変速モータ装置 |
WO2019087362A1 (ja) * | 2017-11-02 | 2019-05-09 | 田中 正一 | 空間ベクトルパルス幅変調法 |
DE102021104567A1 (de) | 2021-02-25 | 2022-09-08 | Lsp Innovative Automotive Systems Gmbh | Umrichter sowie Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Umrichters |
WO2024150444A1 (ja) * | 2023-01-14 | 2024-07-18 | 正一 田中 | スイッチドリラクタンスモータ装置 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2018029989A1 (ja) | 2018-02-15 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
WO2017081900A1 (ja) | 巻数切替式電気機械 | |
JP3993564B2 (ja) | シリーズハイブリッド電気自動車 | |
US8618760B2 (en) | Electrical machine | |
US6787931B2 (en) | Starter generator for internal combustion engine | |
EP2412091B1 (en) | Electric motor system | |
CN100574086C (zh) | 用于电动和混合动力汽车的y形开关变换器 | |
WO2018211620A1 (ja) | 多群多相回転電機の駆動装置 | |
JP2015164385A (ja) | 可変速電気機械 | |
JP2018026995A (ja) | 極数切替電気機械 | |
JP2017112819A (ja) | 相数切換型電気機械 | |
WO2018207719A1 (ja) | 可変速モータ装置 | |
Kiyota et al. | Principle of a novel dual-mode reluctance motor for electric vehicle applications | |
JP3783639B2 (ja) | 車両用交流発電電動装置 | |
WO2018142653A1 (ja) | ラジアルギャップ型回転電機 | |
JP2019187058A (ja) | ポールチエンジモータ装置 | |
JP2017112817A (ja) | 可変速交流電気機械 | |
Zhang et al. | Evaluation of winding arrangements in electric machinery for modular electric drives | |
JP2017208954A (ja) | 巻数切換型電気機械 | |
JP2020156166A (ja) | スイッチトリラクタンスモータ制御装置及びスイッチトリラクタンスモータ制御方法 | |
JP2876738B2 (ja) | 直並列切換回転電機 | |
JP2019037124A (ja) | タンデム式回転電機 | |
KR102524048B1 (ko) | 속도변경 및 그에 따른 효율구간 변경이 가능한 전동기 | |
JP2016082664A (ja) | ロータ極数切換可能な永久磁石同期機 | |
JP4639429B2 (ja) | インバータ装置 | |
Tu et al. | Feasibility and Performance Evaluation of a New Hybrid Magnetic Circuit Motor in Flux Regulation and Multi-Phase Operation |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 16863864 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
WPC | Withdrawal of priority claims after completion of the technical preparations for international publication |
Ref document number: 2015-244837 Country of ref document: JP Date of ref document: 20180427 Free format text: WITHDRAWN AFTER TECHNICAL PREPARATION FINISHED Ref document number: 2015-221918 Country of ref document: JP Date of ref document: 20180427 Free format text: WITHDRAWN AFTER TECHNICAL PREPARATION FINISHED |
|
122 | Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase |
Ref document number: 16863864 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: JP |