WO2016194082A1 - バッテリ劣化度推定装置および推定方法 - Google Patents
バッテリ劣化度推定装置および推定方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016194082A1 WO2016194082A1 PCT/JP2015/065669 JP2015065669W WO2016194082A1 WO 2016194082 A1 WO2016194082 A1 WO 2016194082A1 JP 2015065669 W JP2015065669 W JP 2015065669W WO 2016194082 A1 WO2016194082 A1 WO 2016194082A1
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- battery
- deterioration
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/392—Determining battery ageing or deterioration, e.g. state of health
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
- H01M10/486—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for measuring temperature
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/367—Software therefor, e.g. for battery testing using modelling or look-up tables
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
- H01M2010/4278—Systems for data transfer from batteries, e.g. transfer of battery parameters to a controller, data transferred between battery controller and main controller
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
- H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a battery deterioration estimation device and an estimation method.
- Battery secondary battery deteriorates at a speed according to the usage environment. As the battery deteriorates, the amount of charge at full charge decreases and the discharge characteristics deteriorate. If the battery mounted on the vehicle deteriorates, the driving performance is reduced. For this reason, it is desirable to estimate a period during which the battery can exhibit predetermined performance. In the technique of JP2007-195312A, the remaining life is predicted by estimating the degree of deterioration of the battery in association with the square root of the total travel distance.
- JP2007-195312A that estimates the battery deterioration level based on the square root of the total travel distance has a problem that the estimation error is large.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a technique capable of accurately estimating the degree of battery deterioration.
- a battery degradation level estimation device that estimates a degradation level when reusing a battery by using information on the degradation level of the battery during a vehicle-mounted period.
- This battery deterioration level estimation device estimates a storage deterioration level when reusing a battery based on information related to the storage deterioration level during the on-vehicle period of the battery and load information on the battery at the time of reusing.
- An estimation unit, a cycle deterioration degree estimation unit that estimates the degree of cycle deterioration at the time of battery reuse based on load information on the battery at the time of reuse, and a reuse that calculates the total degree of deterioration at the start of battery reuse
- a start-time total deterioration degree calculation unit A start-time total deterioration degree calculation unit.
- the battery deterioration level estimation device determines the total battery capacity after the start of reuse based on the storage deterioration level at the time of reuse, the cycle deterioration level at the time of reuse, and the total deterioration level at the start of battery reuse.
- a total deterioration degree detection unit for estimating the deterioration degree is provided.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the battery deterioration degree estimating apparatus according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining the cycle deterioration characteristics.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining the temperature sensitivity of the cycle deterioration degree.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a progress curve of the storage deterioration degree.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining the storage deterioration characteristics.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining the temperature sensitivity of the storage deterioration degree.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining the SOC sensitivity of the storage deterioration degree.
- FIG. 8 is a map of the battery temperature history and SOC history.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram for explaining the concept of equation (1).
- FIG. 10 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of the battery deterioration degree estimating apparatus according to the second embodiment.
- the estimated remaining life of the battery is not limited to the estimated remaining life during in-vehicle use, but is estimated as accurately as possible for the remaining life during reuse (secondary use) after in-vehicle use (primary use). It is preferable to do.
- the battery reuse plan such as what purpose the battery can be reused and how many years it can be used becomes weak.
- the battery after the primary use for which an appropriate reuse application cannot be found is treated as a spare battery inventory, and the inventory management cost increases.
- Secondary use refers to a load that is different from the primary use, such as using a battery that has been used on the vehicle (primary use) as a stationary battery, or being mounted on a vehicle that is different from the primary use.
- the battery deterioration degree estimation device is a degree of deterioration at the time of reuse of the battery after the end of in-vehicle use (primary use) of the battery and before the start of secondary use.
- the purpose is to accurately estimate.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the battery deterioration level estimation apparatus of the first embodiment.
- the battery degradation level estimation apparatus 100 of this embodiment mainly includes a cycle degradation estimation unit 110, a storage degradation estimation unit 120, and a secondary use start total degradation level calculation unit (a reuse start total degradation level calculation unit). 130 and a total deterioration detection unit 140.
- Battery degradation can be broadly classified into storage degradation that occurs with time inside the battery mainly due to chemical reaction, and cycle degradation that results from repeated charging and discharging of the battery.
- Storage deterioration is deterioration that progresses with time regardless of charge / discharge due to, for example, a chemical reaction between an electrode of a battery and an electrolyte, and this progress degree corresponds to the square root of time.
- the cycle deterioration is deterioration that mechanically progresses due to friction of electrodes and the like due to expansion and contraction of the inside of the battery at the time of charge / discharge of the battery, and this progress degree is the number of times of charge and discharge ( Cycle).
- the battery deterioration degree estimation device estimates the storage deterioration degree and the cycle deterioration degree at the time of secondary use of the battery, and estimates the total deterioration degree of the battery by adding together. Details will be described below.
- the cycle deterioration estimation unit 110 includes an output characteristic prediction unit 111 and a cycle deterioration degree estimation unit 112 (hereinafter simply referred to as a cycle deterioration degree estimation unit 112) at the time of secondary use, and is caused by charging and discharging of the battery. Estimate the degree of cycle degradation during secondary use.
- the cycle deterioration progresses in proportion to the cycle (number of times of charge / discharge).
- the number of times of charging / discharging in a certain period of the battery can be considered as an integrated value in a certain period of output characteristics (for example, electric power or current).
- the output characteristic prediction unit 111 predicts the integrated value of the output characteristic at the time of secondary use based on the load information at the time of secondary use that can be predicted in advance.
- the predicted integrated value of the output characteristic is output to the cycle deterioration degree estimation unit 112 at the time of secondary use.
- the integrated value of the output characteristics predicted at the time of secondary use is the integrated value of charge power [kWh], discharge power [kWh], and absolute values of charge power and discharge power during the secondary use period. It may be any one of a value [kWh], an integrated value [Ah] of charging current, an integrated value [Ah] of discharging current, and an integrated value [Ah] of absolute values of charging current and discharging current. By selecting appropriately, the estimation accuracy can be increased without cost.
- the load information at the time of secondary use is related to the battery usage state assumed for each model case with respect to at least one model case set in advance as a secondary use of the battery.
- Information includes, for example, information that can calculate the integrated value of the output characteristics described above, such as charging power [kw] and discharging power [kw] predicted during the secondary usage period, and the secondary usage period.
- Information on the battery charge rate (SOC: State Of Charge) [%], temperature [° C.], and the like are included.
- the secondary use model case includes not only on-vehicle use such as use as a stationary power source, but also the same on-vehicle use as in primary use.
- the cycle deterioration degree estimation unit 112 estimates the cycle deterioration degree at the time of secondary use based on the predicted integrated value of the output characteristic at the time of secondary use and the cycle deterioration characteristic that is preset and stored. .
- FIG. 2 A general cycle test for battery evaluation that repeats charging and discharging of the battery is performed, and the relationship between the cycle (number of times of charging and discharging) and the degree of deterioration is plotted. Even during this cycle test, storage deterioration proceeds due to a chemical reaction between the battery electrode and the electrolyte. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 2, it is important to set cycle deterioration characteristics excluding the storage deterioration during the cycle test. When the cycle deterioration characteristics are plotted in this way, it can be seen that the capacity retention rate decreases (deteriorates) as the cycle (number of times of charge / discharge) increases.
- the capacity maintenance rate [%] is the current value of the maximum chargeable capacity of the battery (hereinafter also referred to as chargeable capacity, which is the amount of electricity represented by Ah or Wh), immediately after battery manufacture (when new) Divided by the maximum capacity of. That is, it means the current chargeable capacity of the battery relative to the chargeable capacity of the battery immediately after manufacture.
- the degree of deterioration [%] is a value represented by the difference [%] between 100% and the above-mentioned capacity maintenance rate, that is, the rate of decrease [%] of the chargeable capacity from the start of battery use. .
- the degree of progress of cycle deterioration corresponds to the integrated value of output characteristics, but there is also sensitivity to temperature. For example, as shown in FIG. 3, the higher the temperature, the easier the deterioration proceeds.
- the deterioration coefficient on the vertical axis in FIG. 3 is a coefficient by which the capacity maintenance rate is multiplied. Therefore, the cycle deterioration degree estimation unit 112 performs the secondary use in addition to the integrated value of the output characteristic at the time of secondary use predicted by the output characteristic prediction unit 111 and the cycle deterioration characteristic that is preset and stored.
- the cycle deterioration may be estimated in consideration of information on the battery temperature [° C.] among the hourly load information.
- the information related to the battery temperature [° C.] related to the load information at the time of secondary use refers to each model case with respect to at least one model case set in advance as a use in the secondary use of the battery. It is the information regarding the transition of the temperature of the battery during the secondary usage period assumed in the above. In addition, the information regarding the transition of the temperature during the secondary usage period is the predicted battery temperature history (frequency of occurrence of a certain temperature) during the secondary usage period, and how the battery is during the secondary usage period. It is information that predicts how long it will be exposed to a certain temperature. For example, when the battery is secondarily used as a stationary power source in the facility, the information becomes temperature transition information in the facility of the secondary usage destination.
- the cycle deterioration level estimation unit 112 corrects the cycle deterioration level using this temperature information. That is, if the battery is in a high temperature state for a long time, correction is made so that the progress of cycle deterioration proceeds according to the length of time. By correcting in this way, it becomes possible to estimate the cycle deterioration degree of the battery with higher accuracy, and to estimate the remaining life of the battery more accurately. Note that, depending on the characteristics of the battery, the temperature sensitivity may be negligible, so that the correction may be appropriately performed according to the characteristics of the battery.
- the storage deterioration estimation unit 120 of this embodiment includes a storage deterioration level storage unit 122 at the time of primary use and a storage deterioration level estimation unit 123 at the time of secondary use.
- the battery deterioration level estimation device 100 is characterized in that a storage deterioration level at the time of secondary use is estimated based on information on a storage deterioration level at the time of primary use from the start of battery use to the end of vehicle mounting. .
- the information related to the storage deterioration level at the time of primary use is at least one of the storage deterioration level already calculated at the time before the start of secondary use or information necessary for calculating the storage deterioration level. .
- Information regarding the storage deterioration level of the battery at the time of primary use is stored in a storage deterioration level storage unit 122 (hereinafter also simply referred to as a storage deterioration level storage unit 122) at the time of primary use.
- the storage deterioration degree storage unit 122 is a readable memory such as a RAM included in a battery controller attached to the battery, for example.
- the battery controller is provided in a battery pack that contains a battery.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a storage deterioration progress curve based on the storage deterioration characteristics of the battery.
- the horizontal axis represents the elapsed days [day]
- the vertical axis represents the storage deterioration degree [%].
- the curve shown in the figure is the storage deterioration degree [%] with respect to the elapsed days [day]
- the slope of the curve represents the increase rate (deterioration speed) [% / ⁇ day] of the storage deterioration degree.
- the storage deterioration degree is proportional to the square root [ ⁇ day] of the elapsed days. Since the storage deterioration degree does not change linearly with respect to the number of days elapsed, as indicated by arrows A and B in the figure, the slope of progress of deterioration (that is, the increase in deterioration degree) depends on the progress degree of storage deterioration. Speed) is different. Therefore, in order to accurately estimate the storage deterioration level at the time of secondary use, it is necessary to grasp the inclination of the progress of storage deterioration at the time of estimating the storage deterioration level at the time of secondary use. That is, the reason for acquiring the storage deterioration degree at the time of primary use is to grasp the slope of the progress of storage deterioration at the time of starting secondary use.
- the storage degradation level at the time of primary use is borne by the storage degradation level calculation unit at the time of primary usage shown in FIG. 1 which is a functional unit of the battery controller.
- the degree of storage deterioration at the time of primary use is calculated based on the elapsed time from the time when the electrode touches the electrolyte and the storage deterioration characteristics that are preset and stored.
- This storage deterioration characteristic is, for example, the characteristic shown in FIG. 5 and can be obtained by a general storage test for battery evaluation. From FIG. 5, it can be seen that this is a characteristic in which storage deterioration progresses in proportion to the square root of time.
- the elapsed time measuring means is a timer mounted on the vehicle, the time from when the electrode touches the electrolyte in the battery manufacturing process to when the vehicle timer starts timing cannot be measured. Therefore, the time from when the electrode touches the electrolyte to when the time measurement is started by the vehicle timer is managed as a certain time, and the certain time is added to the time measured by the timer. It should be noted that the time from when the electrode touches the electrolyte to when the time is started by the vehicle timer is minimal as compared with the life of the battery, and may be simply ignored.
- the degree of progress of storage deterioration is proportional to the square root of time, and also has sensitivity to temperature. For example, as shown in FIG. 6, the higher the temperature, the easier the deterioration proceeds.
- the deterioration coefficient on the vertical axis in FIG. 6 is a coefficient multiplied by the capacity maintenance rate. The smaller the deterioration coefficient, the smaller the capacity maintenance rate, that is, the degree of storage deterioration.
- the degree of storage deterioration at the time of primary use acquired in the present embodiment is calculated in consideration of the temperature sensitivity of the battery based on information on the transition of the temperature of the battery at the time of primary use.
- the information on the temperature transition here is the history of the battery temperature during the primary usage period (frequency of occurrence of a certain temperature), and the battery during the primary usage period is at what temperature and at what time. It is information that has been exposed over time or can be recognized.
- the temperature measuring means is, for example, a thermistor attached to the battery.
- the degree of progress of storage deterioration is also sensitive to the battery SOC (State Of ⁇ Charge; the charge rate that is the ratio of the remaining capacity to the full charge capacity). For example, as shown in FIG. 7, the deterioration is more likely to progress as the SOC increases.
- the deterioration coefficient on the vertical axis in FIG. 7 is a coefficient multiplied by the capacity maintenance rate. The smaller the deterioration coefficient, the smaller the capacity maintenance rate, that is, the degree of storage deterioration.
- the storage degradation level at the time of primary use acquired in the present embodiment is calculated in consideration of the SOC sensitivity of the battery based on information on the transition of the SOC of the battery at the time of primary use.
- the information regarding the transition of the SOC is the history of the battery SOC during the primary usage period (frequency of occurrence of a certain SOC), and the state of the SOC [%] of the battery during the primary usage period. It is information that can be recognized how long it has been used.
- the SOC may be measured by a general method from a voltage detected by a voltage sensor attached to the battery or from an amount of current detected by an ammeter attached to the battery.
- the storage deterioration degree storage unit 122 of the present embodiment in addition to the elapsed time from the time when the electrode touches the electrolyte and the storage deterioration characteristics that are set and stored in advance, during the primary use period.
- the degree of storage deterioration at the time of primary use calculated in consideration of the temperature history and the SOC history is stored.
- the information stored in the storage deterioration level storage unit 122 may be information necessary for calculating the storage deterioration level as described above.
- the storage deterioration degree storage unit 122 stores the temperature history of the battery during the primary use period in addition to the elapsed time from the time when the electrode touches the electrolyte and the storage deterioration characteristics that are preset and stored. And the SOC history are mapped and stored as shown in FIG. 8, for example.
- the storage deterioration level estimation unit 123 estimates the storage deterioration level at the time of primary use, the equivalent during the primary use period that can be calculated based on the temperature history and the SOC history during the primary use period.
- the storage deterioration level estimation unit 123 (hereinafter also simply referred to as a storage deterioration level estimation unit 123) described later is stored in the storage deterioration level storage unit 122.
- the degree of storage deterioration at the time of secondary use can be estimated based on the information stored in.
- the equivalent temperature [° C.] means a temperature under a constant temperature condition for a predetermined period such that a storage deterioration equivalent to a storage deterioration that has occurred after a predetermined period of time has occurred in a predetermined temperature environment. That is, it means a temperature when a temperature environment in a predetermined period in which a certain storage deterioration occurs is replaced with a constant temperature environment.
- the equivalent SOC [%] refers to an SOC in a constant SOC state for a predetermined period in which a storage deterioration equivalent to a storage deterioration that has occurred after the lapse of a predetermined period in the predetermined SOC state occurs. That is, it means the SOC when the SOC state of a predetermined period in which a certain storage deterioration occurs is replaced with a constant SOC state.
- the storage degradation level estimation unit 123 uses the following equation (1) based on the information on the storage degradation level at the time of primary use described above and the load information at the time of secondary usage assumed in advance. Estimate the degree of storage deterioration. Note that the load information at the time of secondary use here refers to the equivalent SOC [%] and equivalent temperature of the battery during the secondary use period, which is assumed for the model case set as the usage in the secondary use. [° C].
- Equation (1) and t1 on the horizontal axis of FIG. 9 indicate the number of days [day] in the primary usage period.
- the storage deterioration rate during the primary use period is expressed as K1 (T1, SOC1) [% / ⁇ day].
- K1 is a deterioration factor specific to each battery having parameters of temperature and SOC, acquired in advance through experiments or the like.
- the square root of t1 ⁇ K1 (T1, SOC1) 2 in the formula (1) is a storage deterioration degree [%] at the time of primary use.
- the information stored in the storage deterioration degree storage unit 122 is information for calculating the storage deterioration degree, that is, the temperature history and SOC history during the primary use period, K1 (T1, SOC1) [% / ⁇ day
- K1 (T1, SOC1) [% / ⁇ day
- Equation (1) and t2 on the horizontal axis of FIG. 9 indicate the number of days [day] in the secondary usage period.
- the storage deterioration rate during the secondary usage period is expressed as K2 (T2, SOC2) [% / ⁇ day].
- K2 is a deterioration coefficient specific to each battery having parameters of temperature and SOC, which is acquired in advance through experiments or the like. Since the batteries at the primary use and the secondary use are the same battery, K1 and K2 may be considered as the same value. However, since there is a possibility that it may change slightly depending on the battery usage period, usage conditions, etc., in order to further improve the calculation accuracy of the storage degradation level in the secondary usage period, recalculate K2 before starting secondary usage. Also good.
- K2 (T2, SOC2) [% / ⁇ day] is substituted with the equivalent SOC [%] and equivalent temperature [° C.] of the battery during the secondary usage period, and the square of the secondary usage period t2 [day]
- the degree of storage deterioration [%] during the secondary usage period that is, the amount of change [%] with respect to the degree of storage deterioration at the end of the primary usage period is obtained.
- the dotted line shown in the range of t2 [day] in FIG. 9 indicates the storage deterioration rate [% / ⁇ during the secondary usage period when estimated without considering the temperature and SOC during the secondary usage period. day].
- the storage deterioration degree can be estimated with high accuracy by taking into consideration the temperature sensitivity and SOC sensitivity of the battery during the secondary usage period.
- the temperature sensitivity and the SOC sensitivity may be negligible, and may be applied as appropriate according to the characteristics of the battery.
- the storage period of the battery from the end of the primary use to the start of the secondary use is substantially zero, and the progress of storage deterioration during the period is not particularly taken into consideration.
- the storage deterioration level during secondary use is estimated in consideration of the storage deterioration level that proceeds during the period. May be.
- the secondary use start total deterioration degree calculation unit (reuse start total deterioration degree calculation unit) 130 calculates the total deterioration degree [%] at the time of secondary use start time.
- the total deterioration degree [%] at the start of secondary use is the sum of the storage deterioration degree [%] and the cycle deterioration degree [%] at the end time of primary use (that is, at the start of secondary use).
- the capacity maintenance rate [%] at the end of primary use can be calculated by subtracting the total deterioration degree [%] at the end of primary use (ie, the start of secondary use) from 100%.
- the total deterioration level detection unit 140 determines the cycle deterioration level [%] at the time of secondary use obtained by the cycle deterioration estimation unit 110 and the storage deterioration level [%] at the time of secondary use obtained by the storage deterioration estimation unit 120. And the total deterioration level [%] at the start of secondary usage calculated by the secondary usage start capacity total deterioration level calculation unit 130, thereby estimating the total battery deterioration level during secondary usage.
- the total deterioration degree [%] is the difference between 100% and the capacity maintenance rate, so calculating the total deterioration degree [%] is equivalent to calculating the capacity maintenance rate [%].
- the maximum chargeable capacity of the battery can be calculated by multiplying the maximum chargeable capacity (Ah or Wh) during battery production by the calculated capacity maintenance rate.
- the capacity maintenance rate that is, the total deterioration level
- the internal resistance can also be calculated from the capacity maintenance rate.
- the battery degradation level estimation device 100 estimates the degradation level when reusing a battery, using information on the degradation level of the battery during the on-vehicle period.
- the battery deterioration level estimation device 100 estimates a storage deterioration level when reusing a battery based on information on the storage deterioration level during the on-vehicle period of the battery and load information on the battery at the time of reusing.
- a secondary use start total deterioration degree calculation unit 130 Based on the estimation unit 123, the load information on the battery at the time of reuse, the cycle deterioration degree estimation unit 112 for estimating the cycle deterioration degree at the time of battery reuse, and the total deterioration degree at the time of starting the battery reuse.
- the battery degradation level estimation device 100 determines the total degradation of the battery after the start of reuse based on the storage degradation level at the time of reuse, the cycle degradation level at the time of reuse, and the total degradation level at the start of battery reuse.
- a total deterioration degree detection unit 140 that estimates the degree is provided. In this way, by estimating the storage degradation level at the time of reuse based on the storage degradation level of the battery at the time of primary use (during the on-vehicle period), the cycle degradation level at the time of reuse is estimated and added together By estimating the total deterioration level at the time of reuse, it is possible to accurately estimate the deterioration level at the time of battery reuse, thereby improving the battery life estimation accuracy. As a result, since the battery reuse application plan can be set appropriately, an increase in battery inventory management costs can be suppressed.
- the battery deterioration level estimation device 100 of the first embodiment further includes a storage deterioration level storage unit 122 that stores information related to the storage deterioration level during the on-vehicle period of the battery.
- the storage deterioration degree storage unit 122 is a storage medium attached to the battery, and the information regarding the storage deterioration degree during the on-vehicle period of the battery includes information regarding the transition of the temperature and the charging rate (SOC) during the in-vehicle period of the battery, The storage deterioration characteristic correlated with the storage deterioration degree is included.
- the storage deterioration level estimation unit 123 acquires information related to the storage deterioration level during the on-vehicle period of the battery from the storage deterioration level storage unit 122. Thereby, if there is only a battery pack provided with a memory storing information on the storage deterioration degree at the time of primary use, the battery deterioration degree at the time of secondary use can be estimated.
- the load information includes information on the transition of the battery temperature and the charging rate at the time of reuse.
- the storage deterioration level estimation unit 123 estimates the storage deterioration level during reuse based on information related to the storage deterioration level during the on-vehicle period of the battery and information related to changes in battery temperature and charge rate during reuse. Accordingly, it is possible to estimate the storage deterioration degree of the battery at the time of secondary use with higher accuracy in consideration of the temperature sensitivity and the SOC sensitivity with respect to the storage deterioration of the battery, and thus more accurately estimate the remaining life of the battery. be able to.
- the load information further includes the output characteristic information of the battery at the time of reuse.
- the cycle deterioration degree estimation unit 112 estimates the cycle deterioration degree at the time of reuse based on the integrated value of the output characteristic calculated from the output characteristic information and the cycle deterioration characteristic stored in advance. Thereby, when estimating the deterioration degree at the time of reuse, it is not necessary to use the cycle deterioration degree information at the time of primary use, so that the calculation load can be reduced and the processing time can be shortened.
- the integrated value of the output characteristics is the integrated value of the charging power, the integrated value of the discharging power, the absolute value of the charging power and the discharging power at the time of reuse.
- the integrated value of the value, the integrated value of the charging current, the integrated value of the discharging current, or the integrated value of the absolute value of the charging current and discharging current is the integrated value of the output characteristics used for the cycle deterioration degree calculation.
- the cycle deterioration level estimation unit 112 corrects the cycle deterioration level at the time of reuse based on information on the transition of the battery temperature at the time of reuse. To do. Accordingly, it is possible to estimate the degree of cycle deterioration of the battery at the time of secondary use with higher accuracy in consideration of the temperature sensitivity to the cycle deterioration of the battery, and thus it is possible to estimate the remaining life of the battery more accurately.
- the battery deterioration degree estimation device 100 of the second embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. 10, in particular, differences from the first embodiment described so far.
- FIG. 10 is a block diagram showing a configuration of the battery degradation level estimation apparatus 100 of the second embodiment.
- the battery deterioration level estimation device 100 of the present embodiment is different from the first embodiment in the method of acquiring information regarding the storage deterioration level at the time of primary use in the storage deterioration estimation unit 120. Moreover, with this difference, the storage deterioration level storage unit 122 according to the first embodiment is excluded from the configuration provided in the battery deterioration level estimation apparatus 100 of the present embodiment.
- information related to the storage deterioration level at the time of primary use is stored in the storage deterioration level storage unit 122.
- the information regarding the storage deterioration level at the time of primary use stored in the storage deterioration level storage unit 122 is transmitted to the data server 150 via the transmitter 124.
- the transmitter 124 transmits information on the storage deterioration level at the time of primary use stored in the storage deterioration level storage unit 122 to the data server 150 described later.
- the transmitter 124 is a communication function that a car navigation provided in the vehicle has, for example.
- the data server 150 acquires / stores information regarding the storage deterioration level at the time of primary use stored in the storage deterioration level storage unit 122 via a data transmitter / receiver (not shown), and stores the stored information with the data server 150. It functions as a so-called telematics system that can be shared with communicable vehicles.
- the data server 150 of the present embodiment can communicate with a storage deterioration estimation unit 120 described later, and periodically or in response to a request from the storage deterioration estimation unit 120, information on the storage deterioration level at the time of primary use. It transmits to the storage deterioration estimation part 120.
- the storage deterioration estimation unit 120 includes a receiver 125.
- the receiver 125 functions as an information communication unit. Then, the storage degradation level estimation unit 123 acquires information on the storage degradation level at the time of primary use from the data server 150 via the receiver 125.
- the battery deterioration estimation device 100 of the second embodiment further includes the receiver 125 that can communicate with the storage device that stores the information related to the storage deterioration during the on-vehicle period of the battery provided outside the vehicle including the battery.
- the information related to the storage deterioration level during the on-vehicle period of the battery includes information related to the transition of the temperature and the charge rate during the on-vehicle period of the battery and the storage deterioration characteristic correlated with the storage deterioration level.
- the storage deterioration level estimation unit 123 acquires information on the storage deterioration level during the on-vehicle period of the battery via the reception unit 125. Thereby, since the information regarding the storage deterioration degree at the time of primary use can be acquired by data communication, the man-hour concerning the direct data collection from a battery pack can be reduced.
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Abstract
Description
上述のとおり、バッテリの余寿命をできる限り正確に推定することが好ましい。また、推定するバッテリの余寿命は、車載利用中に推定される余寿命に限らず、車載利用(一次利用)後の再利用(二次利用)時における余寿命についても、できる限り正確に推定することが好ましい。再利用時のバッテリの余寿命の推定精度が低いと、当該バッテリがどのような用途に再利用できるのか、何年程度使用できるのかといったバッテリの再利用計画が甘くなる。その結果、適切な再利用用途を見いだせない一次利用後のバッテリは、予備のバッテリ在庫として扱われることになり、在庫管理費が高騰する。なお、二次利用とは、車載利用(一次利用)されていたバッテリを、定置型バッテリとして使用する、あるいは一次利用時とは異なる車両に搭載して利用する等、一次利用時と異なる負荷へ電力を供給するバッテリの利用を意味し、バッテリの二次利用時の目的(バッテリが電力を供給する負荷)には限定されない。
サイクル劣化推定部110は、出力特性予測部111と、二次利用時のサイクル劣化度推定部112(以下、単にサイクル劣化度推定部112という)とを有し、バッテリの充電及び放電に起因する二次利用時のサイクル劣化度を推定する。サイクル劣化は、サイクル(充電放電回数)に比例して劣化が進む。バッテリの一定期間における充電放電回数は、出力特性(例えば、電力又は電流)の一定期間における積算値と考えることができる。そこで、出力特性予測部111は、予め予測可能な二次利用時の負荷情報に基づいて、二次利用時における出力特性の積算値を予測する。予測された出力特性の積算値は、二次利用時のサイクル劣化度推定部112に出力される。
次に、保存劣化推定部120について説明する。本実施形態の保存劣化推定部120は、一次利用時の保存劣化度記憶部122と、二次利用時の保存劣化度推定部123とを備える。
二次利用開始時総劣化度算出部(再利用開始時総劣化度算出部)130は、二次利用開始時点における総劣化度[%]を算出する。二次利用開始時点における総劣化度[%]は、一次利用時終了時点(すなわち、二次利用開始時点)における、保存劣化度[%]とサイクル劣化度[%]との和である。なお、一次利用終了時点における容量維持率[%]を、100%から一次利用時終了時点(すなわち、二次利用開始時点)における総劣化度[%]を減じることで算出することができる。
そして、総劣化度検出部140は、サイクル劣化推定部110で求めた二次利用時のサイクル劣化度[%]と、保存劣化推定部120で求めた二次利用時の保存劣化度[%]と、二次利用開始時容量総劣化度算出部130で算出した二次利用開始時点における総劣化度[%]を加算することによって、二次利用時のバッテリ総劣化度を推定する。
以下、第2実施形態のバッテリ劣化度推定装置100について、特に、これまで説明した第1実施形態との差異点について、図10を参照して説明する。
Claims (8)
- 車載期間中におけるバッテリの劣化度に関する情報を用いて前記バッテリの再利用時における劣化度を推定するバッテリ劣化度推定装置において、
前記バッテリの車載期間中の保存劣化度に関する情報と、再利用時における前記バッテリに対する負荷情報とに基づいて、当該バッテリの再利用時の保存劣化度を推定する保存劣化度推定部と、
再利用時における前記バッテリに対する負荷情報に基づいて、当該バッテリの再利用時のサイクル劣化度を推定するサイクル劣化度推定部と、
前記バッテリの再利用開始時点における総劣化度を算出する再利用開始時総劣化度算出部と、
前記再利用時の保存劣化度と、前記再利用時のサイクル劣化度と、前記バッテリの再利用開始時点における総劣化度とに基づいて、再利用開始後の前記バッテリの総劣化度を推定する総劣化度推定部と、を備える、
バッテリ劣化度推定装置。 - 請求項1に記載のバッテリ劣化度推定装置において、
前記バッテリの車載期間中の保存劣化度に関する情報を記憶する保存劣化度記憶部をさらに備え、
前記保存劣化度記憶部は、バッテリに付設された記憶媒体であって、
前記バッテリの車載期間中の保存劣化度に関する情報には、前記バッテリの車載期間中の温度および充電率の推移に関する情報と、保存劣化度と相関関係がある保存劣化特性とが含まれ、
前記保存劣化度推定部は、前記バッテリの車載期間中の保存劣化度に関する情報を、前記保存劣化度記憶部から取得し、前記バッテリの車載期間中の温度および充電率の推移に関する情報と、保存劣化度と相関関係がある保存劣化特性と、前記バッテリの車載期間中の保存劣化度に関する情報とに基づいて、当該バッテリの再利用時の保存劣化度を推定する、
バッテリ劣化度推定装置。 - 請求項1に記載のバッテリ劣化度推定装置において、
前記バッテリを備える車両の外部に設けられた前記バッテリの車載期間中の保存劣化度に関する情報を記憶した記憶装置と通信可能な情報通信部をさらに備え、
前記バッテリの車載期間中の保存劣化度に関する情報には、前記バッテリの車載期間中の温度および充電率の推移に関する情報と、保存劣化度と相関関係がある保存劣化特性とが含まれ、
前記保存劣化度推定部は、前記バッテリの車載期間中の保存劣化度に関する情報を、前記情報通信部を介して取得し、前記バッテリの車載期間中の温度および充電率の推移に関する情報と、保存劣化度と相関関係がある保存劣化特性と、前記バッテリの車載期間中の保存劣化度に関する情報とに基づいて、当該バッテリの再利用時の保存劣化度を推定する、
バッテリ劣化度推定装置。 - 請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載のバッテリ劣化度推定装置において、
前記負荷情報には、再利用時における前記バッテリの温度および充電率の推移に関する情報が含まれ、
前記保存劣化度推定部は、前記バッテリの車載期間中の保存劣化度に関する情報と、再利用時における前記バッテリの温度および充電率の推移に関する情報とに基づいて再利用時の保存劣化度を推定する、
バッテリ劣化度推定装置。 - 請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載のバッテリ劣化度推定装置において、
前記負荷情報には、再利用時における前記バッテリの出力特性情報がさらに含まれ、
前記サイクル劣化度推定部は、前記出力特性情報から算出される出力特性の積算値と、予め記憶されているサイクル劣化特性とに基づいて再利用時のサイクル劣化度を推定する、
バッテリ劣化度推定装置。 - 請求項5に記載のバッテリ劣化度推定装置において、
前記出力特性の積算値とは、再利用時における、充電電力の積算値、放電電力の積算値、充電電力及び放電電力の絶対値の積算値、充電電流の積算値、放電電流の積算値、充電電流及び放電電流の絶対値の積算値のいずれかである、
バッテリ劣化度推定装置。 - 請求項5に記載のバッテリ劣化度推定装置において、
前記サイクル劣化度推定部は、再利用時における前記バッテリの温度の推移に関する情報に基づいて、再利用時のサイクル劣化度を補正する、
バッテリ劣化度推定装置。 - 車載期間中におけるバッテリの劣化度に関する情報を用いて前記バッテリの再利用時における劣化度を推定するバッテリ劣化度推定方法において、
前記バッテリの車載期間中の保存劣化度に関する情報と、再利用時における前記バッテリに対する負荷情報とに基づいて、当該バッテリの再利用時の保存劣化度を推定し、
再利用時における前記バッテリに対する負荷情報に基づいて、当該バッテリの再利用時のサイクル劣化度を推定し、
前記バッテリの再利用開始時点における総劣化度を算出し、
前記再利用時の保存劣化度と、前記再利用時のサイクル劣化度と、前記バッテリの再利用開始時点における総劣化度とに基づいて、再利用開始後の前記バッテリの総劣化度を推定する、
バッテリ劣化度推定方法。
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JP6607255B2 (ja) | 2019-11-20 |
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US10001528B1 (en) | 2018-06-19 |
CN107615562B (zh) | 2018-11-27 |
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US20180156873A1 (en) | 2018-06-07 |
CN107615562A (zh) | 2018-01-19 |
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