WO2016106612A1 - 一种天线设备及终端 - Google Patents

一种天线设备及终端 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016106612A1
WO2016106612A1 PCT/CN2014/095697 CN2014095697W WO2016106612A1 WO 2016106612 A1 WO2016106612 A1 WO 2016106612A1 CN 2014095697 W CN2014095697 W CN 2014095697W WO 2016106612 A1 WO2016106612 A1 WO 2016106612A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
antenna
edge
point
current
region
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PCT/CN2014/095697
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
毛政言
王克猛
朱德进
高晓萍
龚贻文
吴松
王威
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华为技术有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Application filed by 华为技术有限公司 filed Critical 华为技术有限公司
Priority to CN201480079338.9A priority Critical patent/CN106415926B/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2014/095697 priority patent/WO2016106612A1/zh
Priority to EP14909422.9A priority patent/EP3229318B1/en
Priority to US15/540,914 priority patent/US10135132B2/en
Publication of WO2016106612A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016106612A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
    • H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
    • H01Q1/242—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for hand-held use
    • H01Q1/243—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for hand-held use with built-in antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of communications, and in particular, to an antenna device and a terminal.
  • the existing antenna device (the antenna is disposed on the single board) has ordinary performance, and its pattern is susceptible to the directing action of the "ground” current on the edge of the board, especially the edge of the board near the area where the antenna is located. Among them, the longer the edge of the veneer, the greater the guiding effect of the "ground” current on the edge.
  • the antenna is placed in the lower right corner of the board, but because of the "ground" current on the edge of the two boards near the antenna (especially the edge of the long board),
  • the pattern of the antenna device generates side lobes, and the main lobe and side lobes of the pattern are shifted to the left, affecting the direction of the antenna device and affecting the accuracy of the antenna device.
  • the embodiments of the present invention provide an antenna device and a terminal, which can suppress the direction of the "ground” current on the edge of the board where the antenna is located, thereby improving the direction of the antenna device and improving the performance of the antenna device in the transmitting direction.
  • an antenna device including: an antenna, a single board provided with the antenna, and a first area of an uncovered metal layer disposed on the single board,
  • the first edge of the single board is the longer of the two board edges adjacent to the antenna, and the first current on the first edge is the largest.
  • the point at which the distance between the points is ⁇ /4 is the first point; wherein the first point of the current is the maximum point of the current on the first edge that is closest to the feed point of the antenna, and the ⁇ is The operating wavelength of the antenna;
  • the first region of the uncoated metal layer includes the first site, and the maximum distance of the edge of the first region to the first edge of the single board is ⁇ /4.
  • the antenna device further includes a second region of an uncoated metal layer disposed on the board
  • the second edge of the board is a shorter one of the two board edges adjacent to the antenna; and the second current on the second edge is the largest The point at which the distance between the points is ⁇ /4 is the second point, and the second point of the second current is the current point closest to the feed point of the antenna on the second edge;
  • the second region of the uncoated metal layer includes the second site, and the maximum distance of the edge of the second region to the second edge of the single board is ⁇ /4.
  • the first region is further provided with an adjustable device, and the adjustable device is Inductor or adjustable capacitor.
  • the tunable device in conjunction with the first aspect or the first possible implementation of the first aspect or the second possible implementation of the first aspect, in a third possible implementation of the first aspect, in the second area.
  • a terminal including an antenna device,
  • the antenna device is the antenna device according to the first aspect of the foregoing technical solution.
  • the present invention provides an antenna device and a terminal, including a single board, an antenna area, and a first area.
  • the first area is an unclad area, and includes a first location, a distance between the first data point and a current maximum point closest to the antenna feed point is ⁇ /4 and the first area is the highest point to the first
  • the edge ie, the edge of the board containing the first site, containing the closest point of the current closest to the antenna feed point
  • ⁇ /4 the edge of the board containing the first site, containing the closest point of the current closest to the antenna feed point
  • the current of the oscillating current is at the maximum point to the nearest current 0
  • the current changes direction, and the distance from the maximum point of the current to the nearest current 0 is ⁇ /4, so the current is reversed at the first point, due to the first
  • the opposite direction of the current on the edge of the region produces a magnetic field in the opposite direction, which weakens the directing action of the current on the first edge, thereby improving the pattern of the antenna device and improving the performance of the antenna device in the direction of emission.
  • 1 is an existing antenna device
  • 2 is an XY plane pattern of a conventional antenna device
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna device provided by the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a waveform diagram of an oscillating current
  • FIG. 5 is another schematic structural diagram of an antenna device provided by the present invention.
  • the single board is a printed circuit board (PCB), and the antenna is disposed at a lower right corner of the PCB board, and is close to two boards of the antenna.
  • the effect of the edge on the antenna pattern is relatively large, and the leading effect of the longer edge X of the veneer on the pattern is greater than that of the shorter veneer edge Y.
  • the edge length of the veneer is within 3/2 ⁇ , the directing action of the edge "ground” current is proportional to the edge length, but when the edge length of the veneer exceeds 3/2 ⁇ , the side length increases again, and the edge "ground” current increases.
  • the single board may also be a metal board, which is not limited herein.
  • FIG. 2 which is an XY plane antenna pattern
  • the first side lobes, the second side lobes, and the first side lobes are generated in the antenna pattern due to the directing action of the current on the edge X of the single board.
  • the three side lobes cause the main and side lobes of the antenna pattern to radiate to the left.
  • the energy of the main lobe is the strongest, followed by the first side lobe, and the energy of the second side lobe and the third side lobe is reduced in geometrical order compared to the energy of the first side lobe.
  • the energy of the second side lobes and the third side lobes is much smaller than the first side lobes, and only the first side lobes are suppressed, so that the side lobe energy of the antenna pattern can be greatly reduced, thereby improving the antenna.
  • Equipment sex can.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides an antenna device.
  • the antenna includes a single board 101, an antenna 102 disposed on the board, and an uncovered metal disposed on the single board 101.
  • the first edge X of the single board 101 is the longer side of the two boards adjacent to the antenna. On the first edge X, a point at which the distance between the first current maximum point A on the first edge X is ⁇ /4 is a first point, and the first current maximum point A is the The current point on the first edge that is closest to the antenna feed point.
  • the ⁇ is the operating wavelength of the antenna 102.
  • the first region 103 of the uncoated metal layer includes the first site, and the maximum distance of the edge (FE) of the first region 103 to the first edge X of the single board is ⁇ /4.
  • the first region 103 may further be provided with an adjustable device, the adjustable device being an inductor or a tunable capacitor, and the width of the first region 103 is adapted to be an adjustable device or greater than or equal to 3 mm.
  • A is the current maximum point closest to the antenna feed point; referring to FIG. 4, since the oscillating current is reversed every ⁇ /2 (current 0 point current reverse), and the current maximum point to the nearest current 0 point The distance is ⁇ /4, that is, the current near the maximum point of the current will be reversed at the zero point, so the current will be reversed at the first point, since the distance between the point D and the first point is negligible.
  • the current is reversed from the point D, and the point F starts the current reversal.
  • the reverse current between the FH side and the ED side is caused by the slotting. If H, F, E, and D are placed on a straight line, the current is still the same current. For example, the current direction from point A to point D is to the right, point D starts the current reversal, the current direction from point D to point E is upward, and the current direction from point F to point H is downward. Since the currents of the two edges (ie, the DE side, the FH side) of the first region 103 are reversed, the generated magnetic fields are opposite in direction and cancel each other out. In this way, the directing action of the current on the first edge is weakened, the first side lobes are suppressed, and the degree of radiation of the main and side lobes of the antenna pattern to the left is also weakened.
  • the width of the first region 103 is much smaller than ⁇ /4, it is considered that the distance from the point A to the point D plus the distance from the point D to the point E is approximately equal to ⁇ /2, since the edge of the first region 103 is The maximum distance of the first edge of the single board is ⁇ /4 and the width of the first area is much smaller than ⁇ /4, so the path length between point F and point A is also approximately equal to ⁇ /2.
  • an adjustable device such as a tunable capacitor and an inductor
  • the tunable capacitor or the adjustable inductor or the switch is used to switch the selected inductor to perform intelligent control of the pattern.
  • the large inductance is an open circuit blocking effect for the high frequency signal, which is equivalent to the slotting; the “0pf” capacitor can also be equivalent to the open circuit, which is equivalent to the slotting.
  • the single-board 101 may be a PCB, a metal plate, or the like.
  • the shape of the first region 103 may not be a regular shape as shown in FIG. 3, and a deformed structural shape may be used, which is not limited herein.
  • the present invention provides an antenna including a single board, an antenna area, and a first area.
  • the first area is an unclad area, and includes a first location, a distance between the first data point and a current maximum point closest to the antenna feed point is ⁇ /4 and the first area is the highest point to the first Edge (that is, the board contains the first point, including the closest to the antenna feed point) The distance from the edge of the current maximum point is ⁇ /4.
  • the current of the oscillating current is at the maximum point to the nearest current 0
  • the current changes direction, and the distance from the maximum point of the current to the nearest current 0 is ⁇ /4, so the current is reversed at the first point, due to the first
  • the opposite direction of the current on the edge of the region produces a magnetic field in the opposite direction, which weakens the directing action of the current on the first edge, thereby improving the pattern of the antenna device and improving the performance of the antenna device in the direction of emission.
  • An embodiment of the present invention provides an antenna device.
  • the antenna device includes the board 101, the antenna 102 disposed on the board, and the board.
  • a second region 104 of an uncoated metal layer disposed on the single board is further included.
  • the first edge X of the single board 101 is a longer one of the two board edges adjacent to the antenna; on the first edge X, and the first edge A point at which the distance between the maximum points of the current is ⁇ /4 is the first point, and the first point of the current current A is the point of maximum current on the first edge that is closest to the antenna feed point.
  • the first region 103 of the uncoated metal layer includes the first site, and the maximum distance of the edge of the first region to the first edge X of the single board is ⁇ /4.
  • the first region 103 may further be provided with an adjustable device, the adjustable device being an inductor or a tunable capacitor, and the width of the first region 103 is adapted to be an adjustable device or greater than or equal to 3 mm.
  • the second edge Y of the board is a shorter one of the two board edges adjacent to the antenna; and a second current on the second edge Y and the second edge Y
  • the point at which the distance between the maximum point J is ⁇ /4 is the second point, and the second current maximum point J is the current point closest to the antenna feed point on the second edge Y.
  • point K is the second point.
  • the second region 104 of the uncoated metal layer includes the second site, and the maximum distance from the edge of the second region 104 to the second edge of the single board is ⁇ /4.
  • the second region may further be provided with an adjustable device, the adjustable device being an inductor or a tunable capacitor, and the width of the second region may be adapted to the adjustable device or greater than or equal to 3 mm.
  • the currents on the two edges of the second region 104 are reversed, thereby generating magnetic fields of opposite directions, thus weakening the second edge.
  • the directing action of the current causes the radiation capability of the antenna pattern to be weakened upward, and the radiation capability to the lower right becomes stronger.
  • an adjustable device (such as a tunable capacitor and an inductor) is disposed in the first region 103 or the second region 104 to implement intelligent scanning of the pattern.
  • the tunable device may be connected in series between FH and ED, or may be connected in series between FE and HD.
  • the tunable device can be connected in series between PQ and IO, or can be connected in series between PI and QO.
  • the tunable capacitor or the adjustable inductor or the switch is used to switch the selected inductor to perform intelligent control of the pattern.
  • the large inductance is an open circuit blocking effect for the high frequency signal, which is equivalent to the slotting; the “0pf” capacitor can also be equivalent to the open circuit, which is equivalent to the slotting.
  • the present invention provides an antenna device including a single board, an antenna area, a first area, and a second area.
  • the first area is an unclad area, and includes a first location, a distance between the first data point and a current maximum point closest to the antenna feed point is ⁇ /4 and the first area is the highest point to the first
  • the edge ie, the edge of the board containing the first site, containing the closest point of the current closest to the antenna feed point
  • the current of the oscillating current is at the maximum point to the nearest current of 0, the current changes direction, and the distance from the maximum point of the current to the nearest current 0 is ⁇ /4, so the current is reversed at the first point.
  • the currents on the edges of the first region are opposite in direction, a magnetic field of opposite direction is generated, which weakens the directing action of the current on the first edge, so that the side lobes of the antenna pattern are suppressed.
  • the current on the edge of the second region is also reversed, generating an opposite magnetic field, weakening the directing action of the current on the second edge, so that the ability of the antenna pattern to radiate to the right is enhanced, thereby improving the performance of the antenna device.
  • the conventional smart antenna solution uses multiple antennas to be distributed in various corners, and the antenna is controlled by the switch to realize the intelligent control of the pattern.
  • the adjustable device for a single antenna only the area of the corresponding position is controlled by the adjustable device for a single antenna ( The above-mentioned first region or the second region can realize the intelligent control of the pattern, and the development efficiency and performance have obvious advantages.
  • the antenna does not need to be manually installed, and has no effect on the appearance of the product (the commonly used metal steel sheet antenna requires a certain height, and the antenna in the case of the present invention and the uncoated metal layer on the single board do not need height), and has low cost. Excellent performance.

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Abstract

本发明实施例提供了一种天线设备及终端，涉及通信领域，能够遏制天线所在单板的边缘上的"地"电流的引向。包括：天线、设置有天线的单板，还包括：设置在单板上的未覆金属层的第一区域，其中，单板的第一边缘为靠近天线的两个单板边缘中，较长的单板边缘；在第一边缘上，与第一边缘上的第一电流最大点之间的距离为λ/4的点为第一据点；其中，第一电流最大点为第一边缘上距离天线的馈点最近的电流最大点，λ为所述天线的工作波长；未覆金属层的第一区域包含所述第一据点，第一区域的边缘到所述单板的第一边缘的最大距离为λ/4。

Description

一种天线设备及终端 技术领域
本发明涉及通信领域，尤其涉及一种天线设备及终端。
背景技术
现有的天线设备(天线设置在单板上)性能普通，其方向图易受单板边缘上的“地”电流的引向作用的影响，尤其是靠近天线所在区域的单板边缘。其中，单板边缘越长该边缘上的“地”电流的引向作用越大。
示例的，若天线设置在单板的右下角，但由于单板上靠近天线所在区域的两个单板边缘(尤其是较长的单板边缘)上的“地”电流的引向作用，使得天线设备的方向图产生旁瓣，且方向图的主瓣、旁瓣向左上偏移，影响天线设备的方向图，同时影响天线设备发射方向的准确性。
发明内容
本发明的实施例提供一种天线设备及终端，能够遏制天线所在单板的边缘上的“地”电流的引向，进而改善天线设备的方向图，提高天线设备发射方向的性能。
为达到上述目的，本发明的实施例采用如下技术方案：
第一方面，公开了一种天线设备，包括：天线、设置有所述天线的单板，还包括：设置在所述单板上的未覆金属层的第一区域，
其中，所述单板的第一边缘为靠近所述天线的两个单板边缘中，较长的单板边缘；在所述第一边缘上，与所述第一边缘上的第一电流最大点之间的距离为λ/4的点为第一据点；其中，所述第一电流最大点为所述第一边缘上距离所述天线的馈点最近的电流最大点，所述λ为所述天线的工作波长；
所述未覆金属层的第一区域包含所述第一据点，所述第一区域的边缘到所述单板的所述第一边缘的最大距离为λ/4。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的第一种可能的实现方式中，所述天线设备还包括设置在所述单板上的未覆金属层的第二区域，
其中，所述单板的第二边缘为靠近所述天线的两个单板边缘中，较短的单板边缘；在所述第二边缘上，与所述第二边缘上的第二电流最大点之间的距离为λ/4的点为第二据点，所述第二电流最大点为所述第二边缘上距离所述天线的馈点最近的电流最大点；
所述未覆金属层的第二区域包含所述第二据点，所述第二区域的边缘到所述单板的所述第二边缘的最大距离为λ/4。
结合第一方面或第一方面的第一种可能的实现方式，在第一方面的第二种可能的实现方式中，所述第一区域中还设置了可调器件，所述可调器件为电感或可调电容。
结合第一方面或第一方面的第一种可能的实现方式或第一方面的第二种可能的实现方式中，在第一方面的第三种可能的实现方式中，所述第二区域中还设置了所述可调器件。
第二方面，公开了一种终端，所述终端包含天线设备，
所述天线设备为上述技术方案第一方面所述的天线设备。
本发明提供了一种天线设备及终端，包括单板、天线区域及第一区域。其中，所述第一区域为未覆铜区域，包含第一据点，第一据点与距离天线馈点最近的电流最大点之间的距离为λ/4且所述第一区域最高点到第一边缘(即单板上包含第一据点、包含距离天线馈点最近的电流最大点的边缘)的距离为λ/4。由于振荡电流的电流最大点到最近的电流0点时电流就会改变方向，且电流最大点到最近的电流0点的距离为λ/4，因此在第一据点开始电流反向，由于第一区域的边缘上的电流方向相反，产生方向相反的磁场，这样就削弱了第一边缘上的电流的引向作用，进而改善天线设备的方向图，提高了天线设备发射方向的性能。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍， 显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为现有的一种天线设备；
图2为现有天线设备的XY面方向图；
图3本发明提供的一种天线设备的结构示意图；
图4为振荡电流的波形示意图；
图5为本发明提供的天线设备的另一结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
如图1所示，为现有的一种天线设备，其中，所述单板为PCB(Printed Circuit Board，印制电路板)，天线设置在PCB板的右下角，靠近天线的两个单板边缘对天线方向图的影响相对较大，且较长的单板边缘X对方向图的引向作用大于较短的单板边缘Y对方向图的引向作用。具体地，单板边缘长度在3/2λ以内时，边缘“地”电流的引向作用与边缘长度成正比例，但是单板边缘长度超过3/2λ时，边长再增加，边缘“地”电流的引向效果就不会变化太大。当然，所述单板也可以是金属板，再此不做限定。
如图2所示，为XY面天线方向图，参考图1、图2可知，由于单板边缘X上的电流的引向作用，天线方向图产生了第一旁瓣、第二旁瓣以及第三旁瓣，并导致天线方向图主瓣及旁瓣向左辐射。其中，主瓣的能量最强，其次是第一旁瓣，第二旁瓣、第三旁瓣的能量相比第一旁瓣的能量以几何级数降低。因此，相比之下，第二旁瓣、第三旁瓣的能量远远小于第一旁瓣，只需抑制第一旁瓣，就可以使得天线方向图的旁瓣能量大大减少，进而提高天线设备的性 能。
实施例1：
本发明实施例提供了一种天线设备，如图3所示，所述天线包括：单板101、设置在所述单板上的天线102，以及设置在所述单板101上的未覆金属层的第一区域103。可以理解的，天线102所在区域为净空区，所述天线102在所述单板101上的投影区(右下角实线包围的区域)未覆金属层。
其中，所述单板101的第一边缘X为靠近所述天线的两个单板边缘中，较长的单板边缘。在所述第一边缘X上，与所述第一边缘X上的第一电流最大点A之间的距离为λ/4的点为第一据点，所述第一电流最大点A是所述第一边缘上距离所述天线馈点最近的电流最大点。所述λ为所述天线102的工作波长。所述单板101可以是PCB板或金属板。需要说明的是电磁波波长会对应一个频率，例如2.4GHZ，选择中心频率2.45GHZ。由于λ*f＝C，其中，f为频率，C真空中的光速。将f＝2.4GHZ代入λ*f＝C，计算可得λ为122mm左右，λ/4就是30.5mm左右(此值为真空中的波长，实际上在单板里传播的波长比该值小一些)。
所述未覆金属层的第一区域103包含所述第一据点，所述第一区域103的边缘(FE)到所述单板的所述第一边缘X的最大距离为λ/4。可选地，所述第一区域103还可以设置可调器件，所述可调器件为电感或可调电容，所述第一区域103的宽度以适应可调器件为准或大于等于3mm。
需要说明的是，单板边缘X上存在A、B、C、M四个电场最弱点，A、B、C、M之间的距离为λ/2。其中，由于A、B、C导致了三个旁瓣，具体地，由于单板边缘X对应了3个λ/2，所以会产生3个瓣，即第一旁瓣、第二旁瓣以及第三旁瓣的产生分别是由单板边缘X(即所述第一边缘)上的A、B、C三个电场最弱点(即电场0点)导致的。在电磁场中，针对一个点，如果该点的电场为0，则该点的磁场最强，电流最大，因此A、B、C、M这四个点均为电流 最大点。参考图3可知，A为距离天线馈点最近的电流最大点；参考图4，由于震荡电流每过λ/2反向(电流0点电流反向)，且电流最大点到最近的电流0点的距离为λ/4，即电流最大点附近的电流0点电流就会反向，因此电流在第一据点处会反向，由于D点与第一据点的距离可以忽略不计。因此认为电流从D点开始就会反向，另外，点F开始电流反向。需要说明的是，FH边和ED边电流反向是开槽造成，倘若把H、F、E、D放在一条直线上，那么电流仍然为同向电流。示例的，点A到点D的电流方向为向右，点D开始电流反向，点D到点E的电流方向为向上，点F到点H的电流方向向下。由于第一区域103的两个边缘(即DE边、FH边)的电流反向，因此产生的磁场方向相反，相互抵消。这样，就削弱了第一边缘上的电流的引向作用，抑制了第一旁瓣，同时也使得天线方向图主瓣及旁瓣向左辐射的程度减弱。
另外，由于第一区域103的宽度远远小于λ/4，因此认为点A到点D的距离加上D点到E点的距离约等于λ/2，由于所述第一区域103的边缘到所述单板的所述第一边缘的最大距离为λ/4且第一区域的宽度远远小于λ/4，因此点F到点A之间的路径长度也约等于λ/2。
需要说明的是，在第一区域103设置可调器件(如可调电容，电感)，实现方向图智能扫描。具体地，利用可调电容或者可调电感或者开关切换选择电感进行方向图的智能控制。其中，大电感对于高频信号是开路隔断效果，等同于开槽；“0pf”电容也可以等同于开路，等同于开槽。另外，单板101可以是PCB、金属板等，第一区域103的形状可以不是图3所示的规则形状，可以使用异形的结构形状，在此不做限定。
本发明提供了一种天线，包括单板、天线区域及第一区域。其中，所述第一区域为未覆铜区域，包含第一据点，第一据点与距离天线馈点最近的电流最大点之间的距离为λ/4且所述第一区域最高点到第一边缘(即单板上包含第一据点、包含距离天线馈点最近的 电流最大点的边缘)的距离为λ/4。由于振荡电流的电流最大点到最近的电流0点时电流就会改变方向，且电流最大点到最近的电流0点的距离为λ/4，因此在第一据点开始电流反向，由于第一区域的边缘上的电流方向相反，产生方向相反的磁场，这样就削弱了第一边缘上的电流的引向作用，进而改善天线设备的方向图，提高了天线设备发射方向的性能。
实施例2：
本发明实施例提供了一种天线设备，如图5所示，所述天线设备除了包括上述实施例所述的单板101、设置在所述单板上的天线102、设置在所述单板上的未覆金属层的第一区域103之外，还包括设置在所述单板上的未覆金属层的第二区域104。
其中，所述单板101的第一边缘X为靠近所述天线的两个单板边缘中，较长的单板边缘；在所述第一边缘X上，与所述第一边缘上的第一电流最大点之间的距离为λ/4的点为第一据点，所述第一电流最大点A是所述第一边缘上距离所述天线馈点最近的电流最大点。所述λ为所述天线102的工作波长。需要说明的是电磁波波长会对应一个频率，例如2.4GHZ，选择中心频率2.45GHZ。由于λ*f＝C，其中，f为频率，C真空中的光速。将f＝2.4GHZ代入λ*f＝C，计算可得λ为122mm左右，λ/4就是30.5mm左右。
所述未覆金属层的第一区域103包含所述第一据点，所述第一区域的边缘到所述单板的所述第一边缘X的最大距离为λ/4。可选地，所述第一区域103还可以设置可调器件，所述可调器件为电感或可调电容，所述第一区域103的宽度以适应可调器件为准或大于等于3mm。
所述单板的第二边缘Y为靠近所述天线的两个单板边缘中，较短的单板边缘；在所述第二边缘Y上，与所述第二边缘Y上的第二电流最大点J之间的距离为λ/4的点为第二据点，所述第二电流最大点J为所述第二边缘Y上距离所述天线馈点最近的电流最大点。如图5所示，K点为第二据点。
所述未覆金属层的第二区域104包含所述第二据点，所述第二区域104的边缘到所述单板的所述第二边缘的最大距离为λ/4。可选地，所述第二区域还可以设置可调器件，所述可调器件为电感或可调电容，所述第二区域的宽度以适应可调器件为准或大于等于3mm即可。
参考实施例1中所述，所述第二区域104的两个边缘(如图5所示，即边缘IO、边缘PQ)上的电流反向，进而产生方向相反的磁场，因此削弱第二边缘上的电流的引向作用，使得天线方向图向上的辐射能力削弱，向右下的辐射能力变强。
需要说明的是，在第一区域103或第二区域104设置可调器件(如可调电容，电感)，实现方向图智能扫描。示例地，如图3所示，可以将可调器件串接在FH与ED之间，也可以串接在FE与HD之间。如图5所示，可以将可调器件串接在PQ与IO之间，也可以串接在PI与QO之间。具体地，利用可调电容或者可调电感或者开关切换选择电感进行方向图的智能控制。其中，大电感对于高频信号是开路隔断效果，等同于开槽；“0pf”电容也可以等同于开路，等同于开槽。
本发明提供了一种天线设备，包括单板、天线区域、第一区域以及第二区域。其中，所述第一区域为未覆铜区域，包含第一据点，第一据点与距离天线馈点最近的电流最大点之间的距离为λ/4且所述第一区域最高点到第一边缘(即单板上包含第一据点、包含距离天线馈点最近的电流最大点的边缘)的距离为λ/4。由于振荡电流的电流最大点到最近的电流0点时电流就会改变方向，且电流最大点到最近的电流0点的距离为λ/4，因此在第一据点开始电流反向。由于第一区域的边缘上的电流方向相反，产生方向相反的磁场，这样就削弱了第一边缘上的电流的引向作用，使得天线方向图的旁瓣得到抑制。同理，第二区域的边缘上电流也反向，产生相反磁场，削弱了第二边缘上的电流的引向作用，使得天线方向图向右辐射的能力增强，进而提高了天线设备的性能。
另外，传统的智能天线方案是使用多个天线分布在各个角落，依靠切换开关选择天线来实现方向图智能控制，而本发明实施例中只需要针对单个天线利用可调器件控制对应位置的区域(上述第一区域或第二区域)即可实现方向图智能控制，开发效率和性能具有明显优势。天线无需人工安装操作，对产品外观无影响(常用的金属钢片天线需要一定高度，而本发明情况下的天线以及单板上的未覆金属层的区域均不需要高度)，具有低成本而性能卓越的特性。
以上所述，仅为本发明的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到变化或替换，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此，本发明的保护范围应所述以权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (5)

  1. 一种天线设备，包括：天线、设置有所述天线的单板，其特征在于，还包括：设置在所述单板上的未覆金属层的第一区域，
    其中，所述单板的第一边缘为靠近所述天线的两个单板边缘中，较长的单板边缘；在所述第一边缘上，与所述第一边缘上的第一电流最大点之间的距离为λ/4的点为第一据点；其中，所述第一电流最大点为所述第一边缘上距离所述天线的馈点最近的电流最大点，所述λ为所述天线的工作波长；
    所述未覆金属层的第一区域包含所述第一据点，所述第一区域的边缘到所述单板的所述第一边缘的最大距离为λ/4。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的天线设备，其特征在于，所述天线设备还包括设置在所述单板上的未覆金属层的第二区域，
    其中，所述单板的第二边缘为靠近所述天线的两个单板边缘中，较短的单板边缘；在所述第二边缘上，与所述第二边缘上的第二电流最大点之间的距离为λ/4的点为第二据点，所述第二电流最大点为所述第二边缘上距离所述天线的馈点最近的电流最大点；
    所述未覆金属层的第二区域包含所述第二据点，所述第二区域的边缘到所述单板的所述第二边缘的最大距离为λ/4。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的天线设备，其特征在于，所述第一区域中还设置了可调器件，所述可调器件为可调电感或可调电容。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的天线设备，其特征在于，所述第二区域中还设置了所述可调器件。
  5. 一种终端，其特征在于，所述终端包含天线设备，
    所述天线设备为权利要求1-4任一项所述的天线设备。
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