WO2016084347A1 - エネルギー管理装置、エネルギー管理方法及びプログラム記録媒体 - Google Patents
エネルギー管理装置、エネルギー管理方法及びプログラム記録媒体 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016084347A1 WO2016084347A1 PCT/JP2015/005764 JP2015005764W WO2016084347A1 WO 2016084347 A1 WO2016084347 A1 WO 2016084347A1 JP 2015005764 W JP2015005764 W JP 2015005764W WO 2016084347 A1 WO2016084347 A1 WO 2016084347A1
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- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 title claims description 69
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 113
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 80
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 28
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007429 general method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003137 locomotive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010801 machine learning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010295 mobile communication Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
- H02J7/0071—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage with a programmable schedule
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q50/00—Information and communication technology [ICT] specially adapted for implementation of business processes of specific business sectors, e.g. utilities or tourism
- G06Q50/06—Energy or water supply
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J9/00—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting
- H02J9/04—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source
- H02J9/06—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems
- H02J9/062—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems for AC powered loads
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
- Y02B10/70—Hybrid systems, e.g. uninterruptible or back-up power supplies integrating renewable energies
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y02E40/70—Smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the energy generation sector
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
- Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
- Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y04S10/50—Systems or methods supporting the power network operation or management, involving a certain degree of interaction with the load-side end user applications
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an energy management apparatus, an energy management method, and a program recording medium for setting a power demand schedule.
- the amount of power supply is determined in accordance with the power demand forecast.
- unit commitment that determines an economically low-cost power supply schedule by switching on and off each generator every hour, etc. is there.
- stationary storage batteries which are expected to become widely used in the future, have a large charge / discharge power per unit, and are promising as a means to ensure the demand response effect by shifting the charge / discharge time of many stationary storage batteries well. Has been.
- Patent Document 1 describes the following direct load control system.
- pfut is the future power consumption average value
- pmax is the maximum power consumption
- pmin is the minimum power consumption.
- the system operation device Based on the power consumption rate ⁇ of each controllable load, the system operation device creates a histogram representing the distribution of the increase allowance pmax-p and the decrease allowance pmin-p with respect to ⁇ .
- the maximization threshold ⁇ on and the minimization threshold ⁇ off are calculated from the created histogram.
- the power consumption rate ⁇ of the controllable load is lower than ⁇ off, the power consumption p of the controllable load is lowered to the minimum power consumption pmin of the controllable load, and conversely, the power consumption rate ⁇ of the controllable load is higher than ⁇ on. For example, the power consumption p is increased to the maximum power consumption pmax.
- Patent Document 2 it is assumed that a battery of an electric vehicle is a distributed power resource, and the power demand of the entire battery is controlled by switching ON / OFF of charging (discharging) of the plurality of power resources. Is described.
- Patent Document 3 customizes a charging profile for an energy storage device mounted on an electric locomotive. As a result, the operating life of the apparatus is improved and the failure rate is reduced. However, this Patent Document 3 is intended to improve the life of an energy storage device connected to a single load and to reduce the failure rate, and does not adjust the power supply and demand for multiple loads. Absent.
- Patent Document 4 is a storage battery management system that manages a plurality of storage battery units. This is to set the operation mode (load follow-up mode, life priority mode, standby time priority mode, etc.) of the storage battery unit according to the purpose of use of this storage battery unit group. An evaluation function for evaluating the charging / discharging schedule of each storage battery unit is set by weighting the plurality of operation modes, and the charging / discharging schedule of each storage battery unit is individually determined based on the evaluation function. However, this patent document 4 does not perform demand response.
- JP 2010-068704 A International Publication No.2012 / 170736 JP 2013-102686 A JP 2012-205490 A
- the present inventor is difficult to perform power demand suppression and demand induction of consumer equipment with high efficiency by switching charging / discharging and turning on / off the equipment at regular intervals. I thought.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an energy management device, an energy management method, and a program recording medium capable of setting a demand schedule for performing highly efficient power supply and demand adjustment for power demand.
- an energy management device that performs power supply and demand adjustment using a plurality of energy storage devices that can perform charging and discharging, and predicts the transition of the load amount of the power system that is assumed in the target period Each of the charging and discharging of the plurality of energy storage devices so as to make the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the load amount smaller than the assumption by operating the plan management means and the plurality of energy storage devices.
- an energy management device comprising: a demand transition setting unit that sets a value of an operating power amount to a value that is stopped or between a minimum rated output and a maximum rated output.
- an energy management method for adjusting power supply and demand using a plurality of energy storage devices capable of charging and discharging, wherein the transition of the load amount of the power system assumed in the target period is measured. Obtaining and operating each of the plurality of energy storage devices so that the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the load amount is made smaller than the assumption so as to operate the plurality of energy storage devices.
- An energy management method is provided in which the value of is stopped or set to a value between the minimum rated output and the maximum rated output.
- a recording medium which recorded the energy management program which performs supply and demand adjustment of electric power using the several energy storage device which can perform charging / discharging
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a demand transition setting device according to a first embodiment. It is a figure for demonstrating the energy control system which concerns on 2nd Embodiment. It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the demand transition setting apparatus which concerns on 2nd Embodiment.
- 2nd Embodiment it is a figure which shows an example of the relationship between charge object period, discharge object period, and virtual energy storage apparatus operation
- FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining a configuration of an energy management system 1 including an energy management apparatus 10 according to the first embodiment.
- the energy management system 1 includes an energy management device 10, a plurality of energy storage devices 20, and a communication network 30.
- the energy management device 10 includes a demand transition setting device 80 and a plan management device 40.
- the energy management device 10 exchanges information with a plurality of energy storage devices 20 via the communication network 30.
- Each energy storage device 20 is connected to a load 50.
- the demand transition setting device 80 and the plan management device 40 may be provided separately and exchange information via the communication network 30.
- the direction of the arrow in a drawing shows an example and does not limit the direction of the signal between blocks. The same applies to the following embodiments.
- the energy storage device 20 is capable of temporarily storing electric power, and is, for example, an electric device or a charger. More specifically, the energy storage device 20 is at least one of a stationary storage battery, a stationary storage battery for an electric vehicle, a computer or a mobile communication terminal having a rechargeable battery, an electrically assisted bicycle, and a robot.
- the plan management device 40 is a device used when making a plan for time transition of the amount of power supplied to the power network.
- An energy storage device 20 is connected to the power network.
- the demand transition setting device 80 is a device used when setting up an operation schedule of the energy storage device 20. Specifically, the demand transition setting device 80 acquires a predicted system load amount predicted in advance from the plan management device 40.
- the system load amount predicted value indicates a transition predicted value of the power demand consumed in the entire power system in the target period of power supply and demand adjustment.
- the target period of power supply and demand adjustment is, for example, a part of a day during which demand tightness is expected, or a day when a large demand fluctuation is expected.
- the system load amount prediction value a value obtained by subtracting the power generation amount transition prediction value of renewable energy such as photovoltaic power generation and wind power generation amount from the demand amount transition prediction value of the entire power system may be used. .
- the reason is that solar power and wind power generation are basically impossible to adjust the output, so there is no problem even if it is viewed as “negative demand” from the viewpoint of the power system.
- the energy management device 10 sets the operation schedule of the energy storage device 20 so as to increase the load in the time zone with a small value of the predicted system load amount in the target period and reduce the load in the time zone with a large value. It transmits to the storage device 20.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the demand transition setting device 80. As shown in FIG.
- the demand transition setting device 80 includes a time range setting unit 110, a device control range setting unit 120, a system load amount predicted value acquisition unit 130, and a demand transition setting unit 140.
- the time range setting unit 110 sets, for each of the plurality of energy storage devices 20, an operation startable time at which an operation can be started and an operation end target time that is the latest time among the times at which the operation should end. To do.
- the device control range setting unit 120 stores, for each of the plurality of energy storage devices 20, the energy storage amount at the operation startable time, the scheduled value of the energy storage amount at the operation end target time, and more during the operation enabled period. Set the maximum energy storage that cannot be done. Further, the device control range setting unit 120 sets a minimum energy storage amount, a maximum energy storage rate / release rate, and a minimum energy storage rate / release rate that must always be left during the operable period. .
- the device characteristics of the energy storage device may be used as they are, or each consumer who owns the energy storage device 20 arbitrarily sets the device within the range of the device characteristics, and sets it as the demand transition setting device 80. You may get at.
- the system load amount predicted value acquisition unit 130 acquires a system load amount predicted value from the plan management device 40.
- the plan management device 40 acquires the above parameters from each energy storage device 20 in advance, and further calculates a predicted system load amount.
- the demand transition setting unit 140 operates the plurality of energy storage devices 20 so that the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the load amount in the target period is minimized.
- the transition information of each operating electric energy is defined. Note that the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the load amount predicted by the system load amount prediction value may not be “smallest”, but may be made smaller than the difference between the predicted maximum value and the minimum value.
- charging / discharging of each energy storage device 20 is stopped in the target period so that the fluctuation of the demand transition is suppressed from the fluctuation predicted by the system load amount prediction value.
- a schedule that continuously changes between the minimum and maximum ratings can be set. Thereby, it becomes possible to finely adjust the amount of demand power by combining a plurality of energy storage devices, and power supply and demand can be adjusted more effectively.
- the number of combinations is limited as described in the background section, it cannot cope with the continuously changing power demand.
- the energy storage device ON / OFF
- the power demand will be reduced.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining a configuration of an energy management system 100 including an energy management device according to the second embodiment.
- the energy management device 15 according to the present embodiment is connected to a plurality of stationary storage batteries 22 via the communication network 30.
- the energy management device 15 includes a demand transition setting device 80, a plan management device 60, and an instruction device 46.
- the stationary storage battery 22 is an example of the energy storage device 20 in the first embodiment.
- the energy management device 15 exchanges information with a plurality of stationary storage batteries 22 via the communication network 30.
- the stationary storage battery 22 is connected to the power network 44.
- the power supplied to the power grid 44 is controlled by the substation 42.
- the substation 42 controls the power supplied to the power network 44 in accordance with the instruction transmitted from the instruction device 46.
- the operation plan for the instruction device 46 is stored in the plan management device 60.
- indication apparatus 46 separately, and exchanges information via the communication network 30 may be sufficient.
- FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing a functional configuration of the demand transition setting device 80 according to the present embodiment.
- the demand transition setting device 80 according to the present embodiment has the same configuration as the demand transition setting device 80 according to the first embodiment, except for the following points.
- the demand transition setting unit 140 has a charge / discharge time zone separation unit 141.
- the charge / discharge time zone separation unit 141 charges the target period, the charge target time zone, and the charge based on the data obtained by the system load amount predicted value acquisition unit 130, the time range setting unit 110, and the device control range setting unit 120. Separate into two time zones.
- the discharge target time zone indicates that all the stationary storage batteries 22 should not be charged.
- the instruction from the demand transition setting device 80 to the stationary storage battery 22 is to stop or discharge.
- Limited to The charging target time zone indicates that all stationary storage batteries 22 should not be discharged. In other words, the instruction from the demand transition setting device 80 to the stationary storage battery 22 is stopped or limited to charging. .
- the demand transition setting unit 140 includes, for each stationary storage battery, a charge schedule calculation unit 142 that schedules a charge target time zone and a discharge schedule calculation unit 143 that schedules a discharge target time zone.
- the charging schedule calculation unit 142 stops or ranges from the minimum discharge rating to the maximum discharge rating so as to suppress the fluctuation of the demand transition in the target period as each schedule of the plurality of stationary storage batteries 22 in the charging target time zone. Determine the charging power value.
- the minimum rating and the maximum rating here are physical quantities corresponding to the minimum value and the maximum value of the energy storage speed acquired by the device control range setting unit 120.
- the discharge schedule calculation unit 143 stops or sets a range of the minimum discharge rating to the maximum discharge rating so as to suppress the fluctuation of the demand transition in the target period as each schedule of the plurality of stationary storage batteries in the discharge target time zone. Determine the discharge power value.
- the minimum discharge rating and the maximum discharge rating here are physical quantities corresponding to the minimum value and the maximum value of the energy release speed acquired by the device control range setting unit 120.
- the charge / discharge schedule integration unit 144 combines the two types of schedules obtained by the charge schedule calculation unit 142 and the discharge schedule calculation unit 143 as described above, and determines the operation schedule of each stationary storage battery 22 over the entire target period. To do.
- the calculated operation schedule is transmitted to each stationary storage battery 22.
- the maximum energy of the virtual energy storage device is calculated using the maximum energy storage amount MXWH, which is the difference between the energy storage amount at the operation startable time and the planned energy storage amount at the operation end target time.
- the maximum energy charging rate of each storage battery is set as MXCKW
- the maximum energy charging rate IMXCKW of the virtual energy storage device is set as follows. (Basically, ⁇ CKW indicates charge, and ⁇ DKW indicates discharge.)
- i is the number of each of a large number of distributed storage batteries
- n is the total number of the large number of distributed storage batteries.
- MXDKW being the maximum energy discharge rate of each storage battery.
- the mathematical programming problem is solved assuming that the balance of supply and demand is stabilized with only one obtained virtual energy storage device.
- the charging / discharging task at each time of the virtual energy storage device using the output value IKW t of the virtual energy storage device at each time, It shows with.
- IKW t IMXDKW represents that discharge at the maximum rating is performed at time t.
- the target period zone is divided by unit time ⁇ t for calculation, and numbered as 1, 2, 3,... T-1, t, t + 1,.
- the start time of the unit time is referred to as time 1, time 2,..., Time t-1, time t,.
- the expression in the first line means that the energy storage amount of the virtual energy storage device is less than the maximum energy storage amount IMXWH at any time.
- the expression in the second row means that the output value of the virtual energy storage device at time t is smaller than the capacity of the virtual energy device at time t-1.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram schematically showing the result of the above calculation, and shows a charging / discharging schedule of the virtual energy storage device in a strip shape with respect to a system load prediction value for a certain day.
- charging is performed to fill the valley of the demand as flat as possible and to discharge the peak of the demand as flat as possible within the target period of 24 hours.
- a schedule is determined.
- a boundary is set so that the charging time and the discharging time determined in the charging / discharging schedule of the virtual energy storage device do not overlap, and the time zone subject to charging control, The control time is separated in the target time zone.
- the operation start possible time t ini
- the time t sep that is the boundary between the charge time zone and the discharge time zone
- the operation end target time t fin Set constraints.
- the charging / discharging time zone is calculated by the charging / discharging time zone separation unit 141, but various calculation methods other than the above can be considered. For example, at the time between the time when the maximum value of the system total load predicted value of the day occurs and the time when the minimum value occurs, the time zone subject to charge control and the time zone subject to discharge control A method of switching is conceivable.
- ON / OFF value ON means charging or discharging the stationary battery
- OFF means stopping.
- the charging schedule calculation unit 142 is also omitted here because the same processing is simply performed by switching between charging and discharging.
- MNDKW i is the minimum rated value of the i-th stationary storage battery, that is, as the minimum discharge rate.
- MXDKW i is the maximum rated value of the i-th stationary storage battery, that is, the maximum discharge rate.
- a i, t is a parameter indicating whether to issue a discharge command to the i-th stationary storage battery at time t (“1”) or not (“0”), and B i, t is the i-th stationary storage battery When discharging at time t, it is a parameter that means discharging at an amount between the minimum rating and the maximum rating.
- Total discharge amount TKW t of total number of storage batteries (n) at time t far.
- the maximum capacity of the i-th storage battery is MXWH i and the capacity at time t is SWH i, t .
- the expression in the first row means that the capacity of the i-th storage battery is less than the maximum capacity MXWH at any time during discharge.
- the expression in the second row means that the output value of the i th storage battery at time t is smaller than the capacity of the i th storage battery at time t ⁇ 1.
- load peak determination variable P is defined as follows.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram schematically showing the result of calculation for determining the charge / discharge schedule of each storage battery during the discharge target period.
- the discharge amount of each storage battery is shown as a rectangular block at each time, and the discharge amount of each storage battery is assigned so as to minimize the maximum value of the predicted system load during the discharge target period. ing. Therefore, when this discharge schedule is executed, the system load curve can be a curve close to a flat as indicated by the load peak determination variable P.
- the percentage of storage battery capacity that clearly contributed to peak cut refers to the amount of power between the peak position before the peak cut and the peak position after the peak cut as shown in FIG. If the contribution rate is 100%, all the given battery capacities are equal to the capacities that actually contributed to the peak cut. On the other hand, the contribution rate is 0% when peak cutting cannot be achieved at all for the entire storage battery.
- the maximum rated output random numbers were generated using a beta distribution with an average of 0.5 [C] and a variance of 0.04 in the C rate range of 0.3 to 1.0 [C].
- the minimum output was assumed to be 1/3 of the maximum rated output for all storage batteries.
- the C rate represents the charge / discharge rate, and in the case of discharge, it is expressed as 1C if the battery is discharged to a predetermined voltage in one hour.
- FIG. 8 shows the result of calculating the storage battery contribution rate when the number of storage batteries is changed under the above conditions.
- ON / OFF is used for control, that is, when control is performed under the simulation conditions using only three patterns of stop, maximum rated charge, or maximum rated discharge as charge / discharge commands to each storage battery.
- the contribution rate of storage battery was about 80%.
- the battery contribution ratio of 95 [%] or more was achieved.
- the meaning of the battery contribution ratio will be explained.
- whether or not the power demand can be handled well is evaluated by whether or not the peak cut is sufficiently performed. Since the objective function is a peak cut, the amount of peak cut is larger as the objective function is better handled. Therefore, we looked at “difference between demand peaks before and after using storage battery” and defined as the contribution ratio of storage battery the amount of power necessary and sufficient to fill the difference, normalized by the total storage capacity.
- the energy management device 10 is used to realize each function of system load prediction, device control range setting, and time range setting.
- a general-purpose CPU Central Processing Unit
- the peak cut amount can be increased as in the first embodiment, and the mathematical programming problem is calculated using the virtual energy storage device. Compared to, the calculation can be simplified.
- calculation methods when the virtual energy storage device is not used.
- One is a method of performing optimization in the same way by dividing the time with another rule. For example, an average value may be calculated from a predicted demand curve for 24 hours and divided by a time equal to the average value in the demand curve for the day.
- the other is a method of optimizing the schedule of all storage batteries from the beginning without dividing the time.
- An energy management device that performs power supply and demand adjustment using a plurality of energy storage devices capable of charging and discharging, A plan management means for acquiring the transition of the load amount of the power system assumed in the target period; By operating the plurality of energy storage devices, the value of the operating electric energy for charging / discharging the plurality of energy storage devices is set so that the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the load amount is smaller than the assumption.
- An energy management device comprising: (Appendix 2) For each of a plurality of energy storage devices capable of generating power supply and supplying power, an operable period setting means for setting an operable period; For each of the plurality of energy storage devices, a maximum energy storage amount that cannot be stored any more during the operable period, a minimum energy storage amount that is always left during the operable period, and a maximum energy storage amount Control range setting means for setting the speed / release speed and the minimum energy storage speed / release speed; Plan management means for obtaining a transition of the load amount of the entire power system assumed in the operable period; The assumed transition of the load amount of the entire power system is obtained, and the plurality of energy storage devices does not exceed the maximum energy storage rate / release rate and does not fall below the minimum energy storage rate / release rate.
- plan management of the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the load amount during the operable period is achieved by charging and discharging while maintaining the minimum energy storage amount without exceeding the maximum energy storage amount.
- Demand transition in which the operating power amount of each of the plurality of energy storage devices in the target period is stopped or set as a value between the minimum rated output and the maximum rated output so as to be smaller than the difference assumed by the means Setting means;
- An energy management device comprising: (Appendix 3) The energy management device according to attachment 1 or 2, wherein a value between the minimum rated output and the maximum rated output is continuously changed.
- (Appendix 4) Means for determining a discharge time zone that should not be charged by all the plurality of energy storage devices and a charge time zone that should not be discharged by all of the plurality of energy storage devices; Additional means 1 to 3 comprising means for stopping the demand transition setting or determining the value between the minimum rated output and the maximum rated output individually for each of the discharge target time zone and the charge target time zone.
- the energy management device according to any one of claims.
- the control range setting means further sets a planned value of the energy storage amount at the operation end target time, At the boundary time from the charging target time zone to the discharging target time zone, the stored energy of the energy storage device is equal to or greater than the scheduled energy storage amount at the operation end target time, and from the discharge target time zone.
- the energy management device according to appendix 4, wherein stored energy of the energy storage device is equal to or less than an energy storage amount at the operation end target time at a boundary time when the charging target time zone is reached.
- Appendix 6 Item 6. The supplementary note 1 to 5, wherein a virtual one energy storage device is assumed from the characteristics of all the plurality of energy storage devices, and a charge / discharge schedule of the virtual one energy storage device is created. Energy management equipment.
- Appendix 7) The energy management device according to any one of appendices 1 to 6, wherein a product of ON / OFF of the energy storage device and an output amount is used as a setting variable of the plurality of energy storage devices.
- An energy management method for adjusting supply and demand of power using a plurality of energy storage devices capable of charging and discharging Obtain changes in the power system load assumed during the target period, By operating the plurality of energy storage devices, the value of the operating electric energy for charging / discharging the plurality of energy storage devices is set so that the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the load amount is smaller than the assumption.
- An energy management method characterized in that it is set to a value between the minimum rated output and the maximum rated output.
- a recording medium that records an energy management program for adjusting supply and demand of power using a plurality of energy storage devices capable of charging and discharging, On the computer, A function to acquire the transition of the load amount of the power system assumed in the target period, By operating the plurality of energy storage devices, the value of the operating electric energy for charging / discharging the plurality of energy storage devices is set so that the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the load amount is smaller than the assumption.
- a recording medium on which an energy management program is recorded characterized by realizing a function of stopping, or setting a value between a minimum rated output and a maximum rated output.
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Abstract
Description
(第1の実施形態)
図1は、第1の実施形態に係るエネルギー管理装置10を含むエネルギー管理システム1の構成を説明するための図である。エネルギー管理システム1は、エネルギー管理装置10、複数のエネルギー貯蔵装置20、通信網30を備えている。エネルギー管理装置10は、需要推移設定装置80と計画管理装置40を備えている。エネルギー管理装置10は通信網30を経由して複数のエネルギー貯蔵装置20と情報をやり取りする。また各エネルギー貯蔵装置20にはそれぞれ負荷50が接続されている。なお需要推移設定装置80と計画管理装置40は別々に設け、通信網30を経由して情報をやり取りする構成でもよい。なお、図面中の矢印の向きは、一例を示すものであり、ブロック間の信号の向きを限定するものではない。以後の実施形態においても同様である。
さらに機器制御範囲設定部120は、動作可能期間中で少なくとも常に残しておかなければならない最小のエネルギー貯蔵量と、最大のエネルギー貯蔵速度・放出速度と、最小のエネルギー貯蔵速度・放出速度を設定する。
これにより、複数のエネルギー貯蔵装置の組み合わせで細やかな需要電力量の調整が可能となり、より効果的に電力需給調整を行うことができる。背景技術の項で述べたような、組合せの数が限られている場合には、連続的に変化する電力需要にうまく対応できない。
しかし本実施形態のようにエネルギー貯蔵装置の切り替え(ON/OFF)ではなく、エネルギー貯蔵装置の停止または電力量を最小定格~最大定格の間で連続的に変化させた場合には、電力需要にうまく対応できるようになる。
(第2の実施形態)
図3は、第2の実施形態に係るエネルギー管理装置を含むエネルギー管理システム100の構成を説明するための図である。本実施形態に係るエネルギー管理装置15は、通信網30を介して、複数の定置用蓄電池22に接続している。エネルギー管理装置15は需要推移設定装置80、計画管理装置60及び指示装置46を備えている。定置用蓄電池22は、第1の実施形態におけるエネルギー貯蔵装置20の一例である。エネルギー管理装置15は通信網30を経由して複数の定置用蓄電池22と情報をやり取りする。定置用蓄電池22は、電力網44に接続している。電力網44へ供給される電力は、変電所42によって制御されている。変電所42は、指示装置46から送信される指示に従って、電力網44に供給される電力を制御する。指示装置46の動作計画は、計画管理装置60が記憶している。
とおく。
で示す。ここで、IKWt=-IMXCKWは時刻tで最大定格での充電を行うことを表している。また、IKWt=IMXDKWは時刻tで最大定格での放電を行うことを表している。
となるようにおく。対象期間帯を計算のために単位時間Δtで区分し、単位時間に1,2,3,・・・t-1,t,t+1,・・・と番号を付ける。単位時間の開始時刻をこの番号を使って、時刻1,時刻2、・・・、時刻t-1、時刻t、・・・のように呼称する。
1行目の式は、どの時刻でも仮想エネルギー貯蔵装置のエネルギー貯蔵量は最大エネルギー貯蔵量IMXWH未満であるという制約を意味する。2行目の式は、時刻tでの仮想エネルギー貯蔵装置の出力値は、時刻t-1での仮想エネルギー機器の容量より小さいという制約を意味する。このような仮想的な一つのエネルギー貯蔵装置に対して、
となるように今後24時間の範囲でIKWtを決定する数理計画問題を計算する。ここで、Loadtは時刻tでの負荷電力の予測値であり、IKWtは時刻tでの仮想的なエネルギー貯蔵装置の充放電電力である。
動作開始可能時刻でのエネルギー貯蔵量を
とし、動作終了目標時刻でのエネルギー貯蔵量の予定値を
とする。
・時間帯の順序が”充電時間帯⇒放電時間帯”
・時間帯の順序が”放電時間帯⇒充電時間帯”
このような制約を追加した仮想的な一つのエネルギー貯蔵装置に対して、同様に前述のIKWtを決定する数理計画問題を計算する。
をおく。ここで
である。ただし、MNDKWiはi番目の定置用蓄電池の最小定格値、つまり、最低放電速度であるとする。またMXDKWiはi番目の定置用蓄電池の最大定格値、つまり、最大放電速度であるとする。Ai,tはi番目の定置用蓄電池に時刻tで放電指令を出す(”1”)か出さない(”0”)かのパラメータであり、Bi,tはi番目の定置用蓄電池に時刻tで放電させる場合、最小定格と最大定格の間の量で放電させることを意味するパラメータである。
時刻tでの全蓄電池数(n)の放電量の総和TKWtを
とおく。
ここで、i番目の蓄電池の最大容量をMXWHi、時刻tでの容量をSWHi,tとしたとき、
となるようにおく。1行目の式は、放電時のどの時刻でもi番目の蓄電池の容量は最大容量MXWH未満であるという制約を意味する。2行目の式は、時刻tでのi番目の蓄電池の出力値は、時刻t-1でのi番目の蓄電池の容量より小さいという制約を意味する。
となるように、各時刻、各蓄電池のXi,tを決定する数理計画問題を処理する。以上のような演算を行うことで、各蓄電池の充放電スケジュールを決定することが出来る。例えば、図6は放電対象期間中の各蓄電池の充放電スケジュールを決定する演算の結果を模式的に示した図である。図6によると、各蓄電池の放電量は各時刻で矩形ブロックのように示されており、放電対象期間中で系統負荷予測値の最大値を最小化するように各蓄電池の放電量が割り当てられている。そのため、本放電スケジュールを実行した場合には、系統負荷曲線は、負荷ピーク決定変数Pで示されるようなフラットに近い曲線を得ることが出来る。
といった制約を別途加えることも出来る。これら以外にも、需要家の蓄電池利用形態による制約の加え方はさまざまに考えられる。
ここで、ピークカットに寄与した容量とは、図7のようにピークカット前のピーク位置からピークカット後のピーク位置の間の電力量を指している。もし、寄与率100%となる場合には、与えられた電池容量総てが、実際にピークカットに寄与した容量と等しくなるために、理想的に最大限ピークカットできたこととなる。一方、蓄電池全体で全くピークカットが出来なかった時には寄与率0%となる。
(付記1)
充放電を行うことが可能な複数のエネルギー貯蔵装置を用いて電力の需給調整を行うエネルギー管理装置であって、
対象期間において想定される電力系統の負荷量の推移を取得する計画管理手段と、
前記複数のエネルギー貯蔵装置が動作することによって、負荷量の最大値と最小値の差を前記想定よりも小さくするように、前記複数のエネルギー貯蔵装置の充放電のそれぞれの動作電力量の値を、停止、または、最小定格出力と最大定格出力の間の値に設定する需要推移設定手段と、
を備えることを特徴とするエネルギー管理装置。
(付記2)
電力需要の発生、電力供給を行うことが可能な複数のエネルギー貯蔵装置それぞれについて、動作可能期間を設定する動作可能期間設定手段と、
前記複数のエネルギー貯蔵装置それぞれについて、前記動作可能期間中でこれ以上貯蔵することが出来ない最大エネルギー貯蔵量と、前記動作可能期間中で常に残しておく最小のエネルギー貯蔵量と、最大のエネルギー貯蔵速度・放出速度と、最小のエネルギー貯蔵速度・放出速度を設定する制御範囲設定手段と、
前記動作可能期間において想定される電力系統全体の負荷量の推移を取得する計画管理手段と、
前記電力系統全体の負荷量の想定推移が得られ、かつ前記複数のエネルギー貯蔵装置が、前記最大のエネルギー貯蔵速度・放出速度を超えず、前記最小のエネルギー貯蔵速度・放出速度を下回らない速度で、しかも、貯蔵量が前記最大エネルギー貯蔵量を超えず、前記最小のエネルギー貯蔵量を保持して充放電することによって、前記動作可能期間における負荷量の最大値と最小値の差を前記計画管理手段が想定した差よりも小さくするように、前記対象期間における前記複数のエネルギー貯蔵装置のそれぞれの動作電力量を、停止、または、最低定格出力~最大定格出力の間の値として設定する需要推移設定手段と、
を備えるエネルギー管理装置。
(付記3)
前記最小定格出力と最大定格出力の間の値を連続的に変える付記1または2に記載のエネルギー管理装置。
(付記4)
すべての前記複数のエネルギー貯蔵装置が充電すべきではない放電対象時間帯と、すべての前記複数のエネルギー貯蔵装置が放電すべきではない充電対象時間帯とを決定する手段を備え、
前記放電対象時間帯と前記充電対象時間帯との各々の時間帯個別に、需要推移設定を停止、または、最低定格出力~最大定格出力の間の値として定める手段とを備える付記1から3のいずれか1項に記載のエネルギー管理装置。
(付記5)
前記制御範囲設定手段は更に、前記動作終了目標時刻でのエネルギー貯蔵量の予定値を設定し、
前記充電対象時間帯から前記放電対象時間帯に移る境界の時刻においては、前記エネルギー貯蔵装置の貯蔵エネルギーは前記動作終了目標時刻でのエネルギー貯蔵量の予定値以上であり、前記放電対象時間帯から前記充電対象時間帯に移る境界の時刻においては、前記エネルギー貯蔵装置の貯蔵エネルギーは前記動作終了目標時刻でのエネルギー貯蔵量以下である付記4に記載のエネルギー管理装置。
(付記6)
すべての前記複数のエネルギー貯蔵装置の特性から、仮想的な一つのエネルギー貯蔵装置を想定し、仮想的な一つのエネルギー貯蔵装置の充放電スケジュールを作成する付記1から5のいずれか1項に記載のエネルギー管理装置。
(付記7)
前記複数のエネルギー貯蔵装置の設定変数として、前記エネルギー貯蔵装置のON/OFFと出力量の積を用いる付記1から6のいずれか1項に記載のエネルギー管理装置。
(付記8)
前記複数のエネルギー貯蔵装置のそれぞれの動作電力量の推移情報を数理計画法で定める付記1から7のいずれか1項に記載のエネルギー管理装置。
(付記9)
再生可能エネルギーの発電量の推移予測値を前記計画管理手段の予測値から差し引く付記1から8のいずれか1項に記載のエネルギー管理装置。
(付記10)
充放電を行うことが可能な複数のエネルギー貯蔵装置を用いて電力の需給調整を行うエネルギー管理方法であって、
対象期間において想定される電力系統の負荷量の推移を取得し、
前記複数のエネルギー貯蔵装置が動作することによって、負荷量の最大値と最小値の差を前記想定よりも小さくするように、前記複数のエネルギー貯蔵装置の充放電のそれぞれの動作電力量の値を、停止、または、最小定格出力と最大定格出力の間の値に設定することを特徴とするエネルギー管理方法。
(付記11)
充放電を行うことが可能な複数のエネルギー貯蔵装置を用いて電力の需給調整を行うエネルギー管理プログラムを記録した記録媒体であって、
コンピュータに、
対象期間において想定される電力系統の負荷量の推移を取得する機能と、
前記複数のエネルギー貯蔵装置が動作することによって、負荷量の最大値と最小値の差を前記想定よりも小さくするように、前記複数のエネルギー貯蔵装置の充放電のそれぞれの動作電力量の値を、停止、または、最小定格出力と最大定格出力の間の値に設定する機能を実現させることを特徴とするエネルギー管理プログラムを記録した記録媒体。
10、15 エネルギー管理装置
20 エネルギー貯蔵装置
22 定置用蓄電池
30 通信網
40、60 計画管理装置
42 変電所
44 電力網
46 指示装置
50 負荷
80 需要推移設定装置
110 時刻範囲設定部
120 機器制御範囲設定部
130 系統負荷量予測値取得部
140 需要推移設定部
141 充放電時間帯分離部
142 充電スケジュール演算部
143 放電スケジュール演算部
144 充放電スケジュール統合部
Claims (10)
- 充放電を行うことが可能な複数のエネルギー貯蔵装置を用いて電力の需給調整を行うエネルギー管理装置であって、
対象期間において想定される電力系統の負荷量の推移を取得する計画管理手段と、
前記複数のエネルギー貯蔵装置が動作することによって、負荷量の最大値と最小値の差を前記想定よりも小さくするように、前記複数のエネルギー貯蔵装置の充放電のそれぞれの動作電力量の値を、停止、または、最小定格出力と最大定格出力の間の値に設定する需要推移設定手段と、
を備えることを特徴とするエネルギー管理装置。 - 電力需要の発生、電力供給を行うことが可能な複数のエネルギー貯蔵装置それぞれについて、動作可能期間を設定する動作可能期間設定手段と、
前記複数のエネルギー貯蔵装置それぞれについて、前記動作可能期間中でこれ以上貯蔵することが出来ない最大エネルギー貯蔵量と、前記動作可能期間中で常に残しておく最小のエネルギー貯蔵量と、最大のエネルギー貯蔵速度・放出速度と、最小のエネルギー貯蔵速度・放出速度を設定する制御範囲設定手段と、
前記動作可能期間において想定される電力系統全体の負荷量の推移を取得する計画管理手段と、
前記電力系統全体の負荷量の想定推移が得られ、かつ前記複数のエネルギー貯蔵装置が、前記最大のエネルギー貯蔵速度・放出速度を超えず、前記最小のエネルギー貯蔵速度・放出速度を下回らない速度で、しかも、貯蔵量が前記最大エネルギー貯蔵量を超えず、前記最小のエネルギー貯蔵量を保持して充放電することによって、前記対象期間における負荷量の最大値と最小値の差を前記計画管理手段が想定した差よりも小さくするように、前記対象期間における前記複数のエネルギー貯蔵装置のそれぞれの動作電力量を、停止、または、最低定格出力~最大定格出力の間の値として設定する需要推移設定手段と、
を備えるエネルギー管理装置。 - 前記最小定格出力と最大定格出力の間の値を連続的に変える請求項1または2に記載のエネルギー管理装置。
- すべての前記複数のエネルギー貯蔵装置が充電すべきではない放電対象時間帯と、すべての前記複数のエネルギー貯蔵装置が放電すべきではない充電対象時間帯とを決定する手段を備え、
前記放電対象時間帯と前記充電対象時間帯との各々の時間帯個別に、需要推移設定を停止、または、最低定格出力~最大定格出力の間の値として定める手段とを備える請求項1から3のいずれか1項に記載のエネルギー管理装置。 - すべての前記複数のエネルギー貯蔵装置の特性から、仮想的な一つのエネルギー貯蔵装置を想定し、仮想的な一つのエネルギー貯蔵装置の充放電スケジュールを作成する請求項1から4のいずれか1項に記載のエネルギー管理装置。
- 前記複数のエネルギー貯蔵装置の設定変数として、前記エネルギー貯蔵装置のON/OFFと出力量の積を用いる請求項1から5のいずれか1項に記載のエネルギー管理装置。
- 前記複数のエネルギー貯蔵装置のそれぞれの動作電力量の推移情報を数理計画法で定める請求項1から6のいずれか1項に記載のエネルギー管理装置。
- 再生可能エネルギーの発電量の推移予測値を前記計画管理手段の予測値から差し引く請求項1から7のいずれか1項に記載のエネルギー管理装置。
- 充放電を行うことが可能な複数のエネルギー貯蔵装置を用いて電力の需給調整を行うエネルギー管理方法であって、
対象期間において想定される電力系統の負荷量の推移を取得し、
前記複数のエネルギー貯蔵装置が動作することによって、負荷量の最大値と最小値の差を前記想定よりも小さくするように、前記複数のエネルギー貯蔵装置の充放電のそれぞれの動作電力量の値を、停止、または、最小定格出力と最大定格出力の間の値に設定することを特徴とするエネルギー管理方法。 - 充放電を行うことが可能な複数のエネルギー貯蔵装置を用いて電力の需給調整を行うエネルギー管理プログラムを記録した記録媒体であって、
コンピュータに、
対象期間において想定される電力系統の負荷量の推移を取得する機能と、
前記複数のエネルギー貯蔵装置が動作することによって、負荷量の最大値と最小値の差を前記想定よりも小さくするように、前記複数のエネルギー貯蔵装置の充放電のそれぞれの動作電力量の値を、停止、または、最小定格出力と最大定格出力の間の値に設定する機能を実現させることを特徴とするエネルギー管理プログラムを記録した記録媒体。
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