WO2016047496A1 - 液晶表示素子用シール剤、上下導通材料、及び、液晶表示素子 - Google Patents
液晶表示素子用シール剤、上下導通材料、及び、液晶表示素子 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016047496A1 WO2016047496A1 PCT/JP2015/076123 JP2015076123W WO2016047496A1 WO 2016047496 A1 WO2016047496 A1 WO 2016047496A1 JP 2015076123 W JP2015076123 W JP 2015076123W WO 2016047496 A1 WO2016047496 A1 WO 2016047496A1
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- liquid crystal
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- crystal display
- acrylate
- sealing agent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
- C09K19/52—Liquid crystal materials characterised by components which are not liquid crystals, e.g. additives with special physical aspect: solvents, solid particles
- C09K19/54—Additives having no specific mesophase characterised by their chemical composition
- C09K19/542—Macromolecular compounds
- C09K19/544—Macromolecular compounds as dispersing or encapsulating medium around the liquid crystal
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1339—Gaskets; Spacers; Sealing of cells
Definitions
- the present invention is excellent in adhesion to conventional glass substrates and flexible substrates, and retains sufficient adhesion even when the substrate is bent for curved display applications, and does not cause display defects, and has a low liquid crystal contamination property. It relates to a sealant. Moreover, this invention relates to the vertical conduction material and liquid crystal display element which use this sealing compound for liquid crystal display elements.
- a seal pattern is formed on one of the two substrates with electrodes.
- a liquid crystal micro-droplet is dropped into the substrate frame in an uncured state of the sealant, the other substrate is superposed under vacuum, and light is applied to the seal portion to cure the photocurable resin ( Provisional curing step). Then, it heats and thermosetting resin is hardened and a liquid crystal display element is produced.
- glass substrates have been mainly used as substrates for liquid crystal display elements, but it has been required to use plastic substrates such as polyethylene terephthalate, polycarbonate, and cycloolefin that are lightweight and inexpensive.
- plastic substrates such as polyethylene terephthalate, polycarbonate, and cycloolefin that are lightweight and inexpensive.
- a flexible substrate made of plastic has attracted attention as a substrate having a shutter function to be disposed in front of a 3D liquid crystal display element.
- such a flexible substrate has a polar surface
- the conventional glass substrate has no or almost no polarity, and is flexible, so that it is sufficiently bonded with a conventional sealant. I could not.
- a curved display formed by bending a panel has been attracting attention.
- the conventional sealing agent has a problem that when the substrate is bent, the sealing agent cannot follow and a display defect occurs.
- the present invention is excellent in adhesion to conventional glass substrates and flexible substrates, and retains sufficient adhesion even when the substrate is bent for curved display applications, and does not cause display defects, and has a low liquid crystal contamination property. It relates to a sealant. Another object of the present invention is to provide a vertical conduction material and a liquid crystal display element using the sealing agent for a liquid crystal display element.
- the present invention relates to a monofunctional polymerizable compound having one polymerizable functional group and one or more hydrogen bondable functional groups in one molecule, and the opening of one or more polymerizable functional groups and a lactone in one molecule.
- a sealant for a liquid crystal display device comprising a polymerizable compound having a ring structure and / or an acrylonitrile-butadiene structure, and a polymerization initiator and / or a thermosetting agent.
- the present invention is described in detail below.
- the inventors of the present invention provide a monofunctional polymerizable compound having one polymerizable functional group and one or more hydrogen bonding functional groups in one molecule, and one or more polymerizable functional groups in one molecule. And a lactone ring-opening structure and / or a polymerizable compound having an acrylonitrile-butadiene structure are used in combination to obtain a sealing agent for a liquid crystal display element having excellent adhesion to a flexible substrate and low liquid-contamination property As a result, the present invention has been completed.
- the sealing agent for a liquid crystal display element of the present invention is a monofunctional polymerizable compound having one polymerizable functional group and one or more hydrogen bonding functional groups in one molecule (hereinafter referred to as “polymerizable compound (a)”. ").
- the polymerizable compound (a) is a polymerizable compound having one or more polymerizable functional groups and a lactone ring-opening structure and / or an acrylonitrile-butadiene structure in one molecule (hereinafter referred to as “polymerizable compound (b)”.
- the liquid crystal display element sealant of the present invention is excellent in adhesion to conventional glass substrates and flexible substrates, and has sufficient adhesion even when the substrate is bent for curved display applications. The liquid crystal is not contaminated and the liquid crystal contamination is low.
- a (meth) acryloyl group As a polymeric functional group which the said polymeric compound (a) has, a (meth) acryloyl group, an epoxy group, etc. are mentioned, for example. Of these, a (meth) acryloyl group is preferable. In the present specification, the “(meth) acryloyl” means acryloyl or methacryloyl.
- Examples of the hydrogen bonding functional group possessed by the polymerizable compound (a) include —OH group, —NH 2 group, —NHR group (R represents an aromatic or aliphatic hydrocarbon, and derivatives thereof. ), —COOH group, —CONH 2 group, —NHOH group, etc., —NHCO— bond, —NH— bond, —CONHCO— bond, —NH—NH— bond, etc. present in the molecule. . Of these, —OH group is preferable.
- the minimum with a preferable molecular weight of the said polymeric compound (a) is 100, and a preferable upper limit is 2000. If the molecular weight of the polymerizable compound (a) is less than 100, it may elute into the liquid crystal and cause display defects. When the molecular weight of the said polymeric compound (a) exceeds 2000, the viscosity at the time of a mixing
- the minimum with more preferable molecular weight of the said polymeric compound (a) is 150, and a more preferable upper limit is 1000.
- polymerizable compound (a) examples include 2-hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl (meth) acrylate, 2-hydroxybutyl (meth) acrylate, and 4-hydroxybutyl (meth).
- Acrylate 2-hydroxy-3-phenoxypropyl (meth) acrylate, 2- (meth) acryloyloxyethyl succinic acid, 2- (meth) acryloyloxyethyl hexahydrophthalic acid, 2-(((butylamino) carbonyl) oxy ) Ethyl (meth) acrylate, aliphatic epoxy (meth) acrylate (for example, EBECRYL112 (manufactured by Daicel Ornex)), caprolactone (meth) acrylate (for example, SR495 (manufactured by Sartomer)), polypropylene glycol mono (meth) a Relate (for example, SR604 (manufact
- polymerizable compounds (a) may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the “(meth) acrylate” means acrylate or methacrylate
- the “epoxy (meth) acrylate” means that all epoxy groups in the epoxy compound are reacted with (meth) acrylic acid. Means a compound.
- the monofunctional epoxy (meth) acrylate is obtained by reacting a monofunctional epoxy compound with (meth) acrylic acid or the like.
- the monofunctional epoxy compound include butyl glycidyl ether (for example, DY-BP (manufactured by Yokkaichi Synthesis)), 2-ethylhexyl glycidyl ether (for example, Epogose 2EH (manufactured by Yokkaichi Synthesis)), allyl glycidyl ether (
- EX-101 manufactured by Nagase ChemteX
- 2-ethylhexyl glycidyl ether for example, EX-121 (manufactured by Nagase ChemteX)
- EO-modified phenol glycidyl ether for example, EX-145 (Nagase ChemteX)
- EO-modified lauryl alcohol glycidyl ether eg E
- a preferable minimum is 3 weight part with respect to 100 weight part of whole polymeric compounds, and a preferable upper limit is 50 weight part. If the content of the polymerizable compound (a) is less than 3 parts by weight or exceeds 50 parts by weight, the effect of improving the adhesion to the flexible substrate may not be sufficiently exhibited, or liquid crystal contamination may occur. Sometimes.
- the minimum with more preferable content of the said polymeric compound (a) is 5 weight part, and a more preferable upper limit is 40 weight part.
- the sealing compound for liquid crystal display elements of the present invention is a polymerizable compound (polymerizable compound (b)) having one or more polymerizable functional groups and a lactone ring-opening structure and / or an acrylonitrile-butadiene structure in one molecule. Containing.
- polymerizable compound (b) having one or more polymerizable functional groups and a lactone ring-opening structure and / or an acrylonitrile-butadiene structure in one molecule. Containing.
- the sealing agent for a liquid crystal display element of the present invention is excellent in adhesiveness to a flexible substrate and has a liquid crystal contamination. It will be less prone.
- Examples of the polymerizable functional group possessed by the polymerizable compound (b) include those similar to the polymerizable compound, and a (meth) acryloyl group is preferred.
- the polymerizable compound (b) is preferably a polyfunctional polymerizable compound having two or more of the polymerizable functional groups in one molecule.
- examples of the lactone include ⁇ -undecalactone, ⁇ -caprolactone, ⁇ -decalactone, ⁇ -dodecalactone, ⁇ -nonalactone, and ⁇ -nonanolactone.
- the polymerizable compound (b) may have a ring-opening structure of one kind of lactone or may have a ring-opening structure of two or more kinds of lactones.
- the ring-opening structure of this lactone may be only one in 1 molecule, and may be a repeating structure.
- the preferred upper limit of the number of repetitions is 5.
- the minimum with a preferable molecular weight of the said polymeric compound (b) is 800, and a preferable upper limit is 2000.
- the obtained sealing agent for liquid crystal display elements is more excellent in flexibility and moisture permeability.
- those having a lactone ring-opening structure are preferably those in which a lactone ring-opening structure is introduced into the epoxy (meth) acrylate skeleton described later.
- a lactone ring-opening structure is introduced into the epoxy (meth) acrylate skeleton described later.
- skeleton of the said epoxy (meth) acrylate the compound etc. which are represented by following formula (1) are mentioned, for example.
- R 1 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group
- R 2 represents a group represented by the following formula (2-1) or (2-2)
- R 3 represents a structure derived from an acid anhydride
- R 4 represents a structure derived from an epoxy compound
- X represents a ring-opening structure of a lactone
- n represents an integer of 1 to 5
- a represents an integer of 1 to 4.
- b represents an integer of 0 to 8
- c represents an integer of 0 to 3
- d represents an integer of 0 to 8
- e represents an integer of 0 to 8, b, Any one of c and d is 1 or more.
- polymerizable compound (b) examples include caprolactone-modified bisphenol A-type epoxy (meth) acrylate, terminal carboxyl group-containing polybutadiene-acrylonitrile (CTBN) -modified epoxy (meth) acrylate, and ethylene glycol-modified A-type epoxy. (Meth) acrylate etc. are mentioned. These polymerizable compounds (b) may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- a preferable minimum is 20 weight part with respect to 100 weight part of whole polymeric compounds, and a preferable upper limit is 67 weight part. If the content of the polymerizable compound (b) is less than 20 parts by weight or exceeds 67 parts by weight, the effect of improving the adhesion to the flexible substrate may not be sufficiently exhibited, or liquid crystal contamination may occur. Sometimes.
- the minimum with more preferable content of the said polymeric compound (b) is 30 weight part, and a more preferable upper limit is 65 weight part.
- the sealing compound for a liquid crystal display element of the present invention includes a polymerizable compound having a (meth) acryloyl group and an epoxy group ( Hereinafter, it is preferable to contain a "polymerizable compound (c)".
- a polymerizable compound having a (meth) acryloyl group and an epoxy group hereinafter, it is preferable to contain a "polymerizable compound (c)".
- the partial (meth) acryl modified epoxy resin etc. which are obtained by making the epoxy group of the part of the epoxy compound which has two or more epoxy groups react with (meth) acrylic acid etc. are mentioned, for example. It is done.
- the “(meth) acryl” means acryl or methacryl.
- Examples of the epoxy compound used as a raw material for the polymerizable compound (c) include, for example, bisphenol A type epoxy compounds, bisphenol F type epoxy compounds, bisphenol S type epoxy compounds, 2,2′-diallyl bisphenol A type epoxy compounds, Hydrogenated bisphenol type epoxy compound, propylene oxide added bisphenol A type epoxy compound, resorcinol type epoxy compound, biphenyl type epoxy compound, sulfide type epoxy compound, diphenyl ether type epoxy compound, dicyclopentadiene type epoxy compound, naphthalene type epoxy compound, phenol novolac Type epoxy compound, orthocresol novolac type epoxy compound, dicyclopentadiene novolak type epoxy compound, biphenyl novolac type epoxy Shi compounds, naphthalene phenol novolac-type epoxy compounds, glycidyl amine type epoxy compounds, alkyl polyol type epoxy compound, a rubber-modified epoxy compounds, glycidyl ester compounds.
- KRM8287 made by Daicel Ornex
- a preferable minimum is 5 weight part with respect to 100 weight part of whole polymeric compounds, and a preferable upper limit is 50 weight part. If the content of the polymerizable compound (c) is less than 5 parts by weight, the effect of improving adhesiveness may not be sufficiently exhibited. If the content of the polymerizable compound (c) exceeds 50 parts by weight, liquid crystal contamination may occur.
- the minimum with more preferable content of the said polymeric compound (c) is 10 weight part, and a more preferable upper limit is 40 weight part.
- the sealing agent for liquid crystal display elements of the present invention may further contain other polymerizable compounds as the polymerizable compound within a range not impairing the object of the present invention.
- the other polymerizable compound is a polymerizable compound other than those contained in the polymerizable compound (a), the polymerizable compound (b), and the polymerizable compound (c).
- (meth) acrylic examples thereof include compounds and epoxy compounds.
- Examples of (meth) acrylic compounds that are other polymerizable compounds include ester compounds obtained by reacting (meth) acrylic acid with a compound having a hydroxyl group, and (meth) acrylic acid and an epoxy compound. Epoxy (meth) acrylate obtained by this, urethane (meth) acrylate obtained by making the isocyanate compound react with the (meth) acrylic acid derivative which has a hydroxyl group, etc. are mentioned.
- ester compounds monofunctional ones include those having no hydrogen bonding functional group, lactone ring-opening structure, or acrylonitrile-butadiene structure.
- bifunctional ester compound examples include those having no lactone ring-opening structure or acrylonitrile-butadiene structure.
- those having three or more functional groups include those having no lactone ring-opening structure or acrylonitrile-butadiene structure, such as trimethylolpropane tri (meth) acrylate, ethylene oxide-added trimethylol.
- Examples of the epoxy (meth) acrylate include those having two or more functions and having no lactone ring-opening structure or acrylonitrile-butadiene structure.
- an epoxy compound and (meth) acrylic acid are usually used.
- Examples thereof include those obtained by reacting in the presence of a basic catalyst according to the method.
- Examples of the urethane (meth) acrylate include reacting 2 equivalents of a (meth) acrylic acid derivative having a hydroxyl group with 1 equivalent of an isocyanate compound having two isocyanate groups in the presence of a catalytic amount of a tin compound. Can be obtained by:
- Examples of the isocyanate compound used as a raw material for the urethane (meth) acrylate include isophorone diisocyanate, 2,4-tolylene diisocyanate, 2,6-tolylene diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, trimethylhexamethylene diisocyanate, diphenylmethane-4,4.
- MDI '-Diisocyanate
- hydrogenated MDI polymeric MDI, 1,5-naphthalene diisocyanate, norbornane diisocyanate, tolidine diisocyanate, xylylene diisocyanate (XDI), hydrogenated XDI, lysine diisocyanate, triphenylmethane triisocyanate, tris (isocyanate) Phenyl) thiophosphate, tetramethylxylene diisocyanate, 1,6,11-undecanetriiso Aneto and the like.
- Examples of the isocyanate compound used as a raw material for the urethane (meth) acrylate include, for example, ethylene glycol, glycerin, sorbitol, trimethylolpropane, (poly) propylene glycol, carbonate diol, polyether diol, polyester diol and other polyols and excess. It is also possible to use chain-extended isocyanate compounds obtained by reaction with isocyanate compounds.
- Examples of the (meth) acrylic acid derivative having a hydroxyl group, which is a raw material of the urethane (meth) acrylate include 2-hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl (meth) acrylate, and 4-hydroxybutyl (meth).
- Epoxy (meth) acrylates such as (meth) acrylates, mono (meth) acrylates or di (meth) acrylates of trivalent alcohols such as trimethylolethane, trimethylolpropane, and glycerin, and bisphenol A type epoxy (meth) acrylates Rate, and the like.
- Examples of the epoxy compound that is the other polymerizable compound include the same epoxy compounds as the raw material of the polymerizable compound (c).
- the sealing agent for liquid crystal display elements of this invention contains a polymerization initiator and / or a thermosetting agent.
- the polymerization initiator include radical polymerization initiators and cationic polymerization initiators.
- radical polymerization initiator examples include a thermal radical polymerization initiator that generates radicals by heating, a photo radical polymerization initiator that generates radicals by light irradiation, and the like.
- photo radical polymerization initiator examples include benzophenone compounds, acetophenone compounds, acylphosphine oxide compounds, titanocene compounds, oxime ester compounds, benzoin ether compounds, thioxanthones, and the like.
- Examples of commercially available radical photopolymerization initiators include IRGACURE 184, IRGACURE 369, IRGACURE 379, IRGACURE 651, IRGACURE 819, IRGACURE 907, IRGACURE 2959, IRGACURE OXE01, and Lucin TPO (both BASF-IN, Ether)
- Examples include benzoin ethyl ether and benzoin isopropyl ether (both manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.).
- thermal radical polymerization initiator what consists of an azo compound, an organic peroxide, etc. is mentioned, for example.
- a polymer azo initiator composed of a polymer azo compound is preferable.
- the polymer azo initiator means a compound having an azo group and generating a radical capable of curing a (meth) acryloyloxy group by heat and having a number average molecular weight of 300 or more. .
- the preferable lower limit of the number average molecular weight of the polymeric azo initiator is 1000, and the preferable upper limit is 300,000.
- the number average molecular weight of the polymer azo initiator is less than 1000, the polymer azo initiator may adversely affect the liquid crystal.
- the number average molecular weight of the polymeric azo initiator exceeds 300,000, mixing with the curable resin may be difficult.
- the more preferable lower limit of the number average molecular weight of the polymeric azo initiator is 5000, the more preferable upper limit is 100,000, the still more preferable lower limit is 10,000, and the still more preferable upper limit is 90,000.
- the said number average molecular weight is a value calculated
- GPC gel permeation chromatography
- Examples of the column for measuring the number average molecular weight in terms of polystyrene by GPC include Shodex LF-804 (manufactured by Showa Denko KK).
- polymer azo initiator examples include those having a structure in which a plurality of units such as polyalkylene oxide and polydimethylsiloxane are bonded via an azo group.
- polymer azo initiator having a structure in which a plurality of units such as polyalkylene oxide are bonded via the azo group those having a polyethylene oxide structure are preferable.
- Examples of such a polymer azo initiator include polycondensates of 4,4′-azobis (4-cyanopentanoic acid) and polyalkylene glycol, and 4,4′-azobis (4-cyanopentanoic acid) Examples thereof include polycondensates of polydimethylsiloxane having a terminal amino group, such as VPE-0201, VPE-0401, VPE-0601, VPS-0501, VPS-1001 (all of which are Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) Manufactured) and the like.
- Examples of azo compounds that are not polymers include V-65 and V-501 (both manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.).
- organic peroxide examples include ketone peroxide, peroxyketal, hydroperoxide, dialkyl peroxide, peroxyester, diacyl peroxide, and peroxydicarbonate.
- a photocationic polymerization initiator can be suitably used as the cationic polymerization initiator.
- the cationic photopolymerization initiator is not particularly limited as long as it generates a protonic acid or a Lewis acid by light irradiation, and may be of an ionic photoacid generation type or a nonionic photoacid generation type. It may be.
- Examples of the photocationic polymerization initiator include onium salts such as aromatic diazonium salts, aromatic halonium salts, and aromatic sulfonium salts, organometallic complexes such as iron-allene complexes, titanocene complexes, and arylsilanol-aluminum complexes. Is mentioned.
- photocationic polymerization initiators examples include Adekaoptomer SP-150 and Adekaoptomer SP-170 (both manufactured by ADEKA).
- the content of the polymerization initiator is preferably 0.1 parts by weight and preferably 30 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the entire polymerizable compound.
- the content of the polymerization initiator is less than 0.1 part by weight, the obtained sealing agent for liquid crystal display elements may not be sufficiently cured.
- content of the said polymerization initiator exceeds 30 weight part, the storage stability of the sealing compound for liquid crystal display elements obtained may fall.
- a more preferable lower limit of the content of the polymerization initiator is 1 part by weight, a more preferable upper limit is 10 parts by weight, and a still more preferable upper limit is 5 parts by weight.
- thermosetting agent examples include organic acid hydrazides, imidazole derivatives, amine compounds, polyhydric phenol compounds, acid anhydrides, and the like. Among these, solid organic acid hydrazide is preferably used.
- solid organic acid hydrazide examples include 1,3-bis (hydrazinocarboethyl-5-isopropylhydantoin), sebacic acid dihydrazide, isophthalic acid dihydrazide, adipic acid dihydrazide, malonic acid dihydrazide, and the like.
- examples thereof include SDH, MDH, ADH (manufactured by Otsuka Chemical Co., Ltd.), Amicure VDH, Amicure VDH-J, Amicure UDH (all manufactured by Ajinomoto Fine Techno Co., Ltd.), and the like.
- a preferable minimum is 1 weight part and a preferable upper limit is 50 weight part with respect to 100 weight part of whole polymeric compounds.
- the content of the thermosetting agent is less than 1 part by weight, the obtained sealing agent for liquid crystal display elements may not be sufficiently cured.
- content of the said thermosetting agent exceeds 50 weight part, the viscosity of the sealing agent for liquid crystal display elements obtained may become high, and workability
- the upper limit with more preferable content of the said thermosetting agent is 30 weight part.
- the sealing compound for liquid crystal display elements of this invention contains a soft particle.
- the flexible particles serve as a barrier between the other sealing agent component and the liquid crystal, preventing the liquid crystal from being inserted into the sealing agent and the sealing agent from being eluted into the liquid crystal. Have a role to play.
- the flexible particles preferably have a maximum particle size of 100% or more of the cell gap of the liquid crystal display device and 5 to 20 ⁇ m.
- the flexible particles can cause springback by using particles having a maximum particle size of 100% or more of the cell gap. However, by setting the maximum particle size of the flexible particles to 20 ⁇ m or less, gap defects due to springback can be prevented.
- a liquid crystal display element can be manufactured without causing it.
- the cell gap of the liquid crystal display element is not limited because it varies depending on the display element, but the cell gap of a general liquid crystal display element is 2 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m.
- the preferable lower limit of the maximum particle size of the flexible particles is 100% of the cell gap of the liquid crystal display element and 5 ⁇ m. That is, when the cell gap of the liquid crystal display element is 5 ⁇ m or less, the preferred lower limit of the maximum particle diameter of the flexible particles is 5 ⁇ m. When the cell gap of the liquid crystal display element exceeds 5 ⁇ m, the maximum particle diameter of the flexible particles is A preferred lower limit is 100% of the cell gap of the liquid crystal display element. When the maximum particle diameter of the flexible particles is less than the value that is the above-mentioned preferable lower limit of 5 ⁇ m and 100% of the cell gap of the liquid crystal display element, seal break and liquid crystal contamination can be sufficiently suppressed. It may disappear.
- the preferable upper limit of the maximum particle size of the flexible particles is 20 ⁇ m. If the maximum particle size of the flexible particles exceeds 20 ⁇ m, spring back may occur, and the resulting liquid crystal display element sealant may have poor adhesion, or a gap defect may occur in the obtained liquid crystal display element. is there. A more preferable upper limit of the maximum particle size of the flexible particles is 15 ⁇ m. Further, the maximum particle size of the flexible particles is preferably 2.6 times or less of the cell gap. When the maximum particle size of the flexible particles exceeds 2.6 times the cell gap, a springback occurs, and the resulting liquid crystal display element sealant is inferior in adhesiveness, or the obtained liquid crystal display element has a poor gap. May occur.
- a more preferable upper limit of the maximum particle diameter of the flexible particles is 2.2 times the cell gap, and a more preferable upper limit is 1.7 times the cell gap.
- the maximum particle size of the flexible particles and the average particle size described below are values obtained by measuring the particles before blending with the sealant using a laser diffraction particle size distribution measuring device. means.
- the laser diffraction type distribution measuring device Mastersizer 2000 (manufactured by Malvern) or the like can be used.
- the content ratio of particles having a particle diameter of 5 ⁇ m or more in the particle size distribution of the flexible particles measured by the laser diffraction type distribution measuring device is preferably 60% or more by volume frequency.
- the content ratio of particles having a particle diameter of 5 ⁇ m or more is less than 60% in terms of volume frequency, seal breakage and liquid crystal contamination may not be sufficiently suppressed.
- the content ratio of particles having a particle diameter of 5 ⁇ m or more is more preferably 80% or more.
- the flexible particles contain 100% or more of the cell gap of the liquid crystal display element by 70% or more of the particle size distribution in the entire flexible particles from the viewpoint of further exerting the effect of suppressing the occurrence of seal break and liquid crystal contamination. It is preferable that the liquid crystal display element is composed only of particles having a cell gap of 100% or more.
- the preferable lower limit of the average particle diameter of the flexible particles is 2 ⁇ m, and the preferable upper limit is 15 ⁇ m. If the average particle size of the flexible particles is less than 2 ⁇ m, the elution of the sealing agent into the liquid crystal may not be sufficiently prevented. When the average particle diameter of the flexible particles exceeds 15 ⁇ m, the obtained sealing agent for liquid crystal display elements may be inferior in adhesiveness, or a gap defect may occur in the obtained liquid crystal display element.
- the more preferable lower limit of the average particle diameter of the flexible particles is 4 ⁇ m, and the more preferable upper limit is 12 ⁇ m.
- soft particles two or more kinds of soft particles having different maximum particle diameters may be mixed and used. That is, a soft particle having a maximum particle diameter of less than 100% of the cell gap of the liquid crystal display element and a soft particle having a maximum particle diameter of 100% or more of the cell gap of the liquid crystal display element may be mixed and used.
- the coefficient of variation (hereinafter also referred to as CV value) of the flexible particles is preferably 30% or less.
- CV value of the particle diameter of the flexible particles exceeds 30%, a cell gap defect may be caused.
- the CV value of the particle diameter of the flexible particles is more preferably 28% or less.
- the CV value of the particle diameter is a numerical value obtained by the following formula.
- CV value of particle diameter (%) (standard deviation of particle diameter / average particle diameter) ⁇ 100
- the maximum particle size, the average particle size, or the CV value is set within the above-mentioned range by classification.
- flexible particles having a particle size of less than 100% of the cell gap of the liquid crystal display element do not contribute to the suppression of the occurrence of seal break and liquid crystal contamination, and may increase the thixo value when blended with a sealant. It is preferable to remove by classification.
- the method for classifying the flexible particles include wet classification and dry classification. Of these, wet classification is preferable, and wet sieving classification is more preferable.
- the flexible particles include silicone particles, vinyl particles, urethane particles, fluorine particles, and nitrile particles. Of these, silicone particles and vinyl particles are preferable.
- the silicone-based particles are preferably silicone rubber particles from the viewpoint of dispersibility in the resin.
- examples of commercially available silicone particles include KMP-594, KMP-597, KMP-598, KMP-600, KMP-601, KMP-602 (manufactured by Shin-Etsu Silicone), Trefil E-506S. EP-9215 (manufactured by Toray Dow Corning), etc., which can be classified and used.
- grains may be used independently and 2 or more types may be used together.
- (Meth) acrylic particles are preferably used as the vinyl particles.
- the (meth) acrylic particles can be obtained by polymerizing monomers as raw materials by a known method. Specifically, for example, a method in which a monomer is suspension-polymerized in the presence of a radical polymerization initiator, and a seed particle is swollen by absorbing the monomer into a non-crosslinked seed particle in the presence of a radical polymerization initiator. And a seed polymerization method.
- Examples of the monomer that is a raw material for forming the (meth) acrylic particles include methyl (meth) acrylate, ethyl (meth) acrylate, propyl (meth) acrylate, butyl (meth) acrylate, and hexyl (meth).
- Alkyl (meth) such as acrylate, octyl (meth) acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl (meth) acrylate, lauryl (meth) acrylate, cetyl (meth) acrylate, stearyl (meth) acrylate, cyclohexyl (meth) acrylate, isobornyl (meth) acrylate, etc.
- Acrylates oxygen-containing (meth) acrylates such as 2-hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate, glycerol (meth) acrylate, polyoxyethylene (meth) acrylate, glycidyl (meth) acrylate, etc.
- (meth) nitrile and containing monomers such as acrylonitrile, trifluoromethyl (meth) acrylate, monofunctional monomer such as a fluorine-containing (meth) acrylates such as pentafluoroethyl (meth) acrylate.
- alkyl (meth) acrylates are preferable because the Tg of the homopolymer is low and the deformation amount when a 1 g load is applied can be increased.
- tetramethylol methane tetra (meth) acrylate tetramethylol methane tri (meth) acrylate, tetramethylol methane di (meth) acrylate, trimethylol propane tri (meth) acrylate, dipentaerythritol hexa ( (Meth) acrylate, dipentaerythritol penta (meth) acrylate, glycerol tri (meth) acrylate, glycerol di (meth) acrylate, (poly) ethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, (poly) propylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, ( Poly) tetramethylene di (meth) acrylate, 1,4-butanediol di (meth) acrylate, 1,6-hexanediol di (meth) acrylate, isocyanuric acid
- the preferable lower limit is 1% by weight and the preferable upper limit is 90% by weight in the whole monomer as a raw material for forming the (meth) acrylic particles.
- the amount of the crosslinkable monomer used is 1% by weight or more, the solvent resistance is improved, and when kneaded with various sealant raw materials, problems such as swelling do not occur and the particles are easily dispersed uniformly.
- the amount of the crosslinkable monomer used is 90% by weight or less, the recovery rate can be lowered, and problems such as springback are less likely to occur.
- a more preferable lower limit of the amount of the crosslinkable monomer used is 3% by weight, and a more preferable upper limit is 80% by weight.
- styrene monomers such as styrene and ⁇ -methylstyrene
- vinyl ethers such as methyl vinyl ether, ethyl vinyl ether, and propyl vinyl ether, vinyl acetate, vinyl butyrate, and laurin.
- Acid vinyl esters such as vinyl acid and vinyl stearate, unsaturated hydrocarbons such as ethylene, propylene, isoprene and butadiene, halogen-containing monomers such as vinyl chloride, vinyl fluoride and chlorostyrene, triallyl (iso ) Using monomers such as cyanurate, triallyl trimellitate, divinylbenzene, diallylphthalate, diallylacrylamide, diallyl ether, ⁇ - (meth) acryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, trimethoxysilylstyrene, vinyltrimethoxysilane Good .
- vinyl particles for example, polydivinylbenzene particles, polychloroprene particles, butadiene rubber particles and the like may be used.
- urethane-based particles examples include Art Pearl (manufactured by Negami Kogyo Co., Ltd.), Dimic Beads (manufactured by Dainichi Seika Kogyo Co., Ltd.), and the like, which can be classified and used. .
- the preferable lower limit of the hardness of the flexible particles is 10, and the preferable upper limit is 50.
- the hardness of the flexible particles exceeds 50, the obtained sealing agent for liquid crystal display elements may be inferior in adhesiveness, or a gap defect may occur in the obtained liquid crystal display element.
- the more preferable lower limit of the hardness of the soft particles is 20, and the more preferable upper limit is 40.
- the hardness of the said flexible particle means the durometer A hardness measured by the method based on JISK6253.
- the content of the flexible particles is preferably 15% by weight and preferably 50% by weight with respect to the entire sealing agent for liquid crystal display elements. If the content of the flexible particles is less than 15% by weight, the occurrence of seal breaks or liquid crystal contamination may not be sufficiently suppressed. When the content of the flexible particles exceeds 50% by weight, the obtained sealing agent for liquid crystal display elements may be inferior in adhesiveness.
- a more preferable lower limit of the content of the flexible particles is 20% by weight, and a more preferable upper limit is 40% by weight.
- the sealing agent for liquid crystal display elements of the present invention may contain a filler for the purpose of improving the viscosity, further improving the adhesion due to the stress dispersion effect, improving the linear expansion coefficient, improving the moisture resistance of the cured product, and the like. preferable.
- the filler examples include silica, talc, glass beads, asbestos, gypsum, diatomaceous earth, smectite, bentonite, montmorillonite, sericite, activated clay, alumina, zinc oxide, iron oxide, magnesium oxide, tin oxide, titanium oxide,
- Organic fillers such as calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, aluminum nitride, silicon nitride, barium sulfate, and calcium silicate, and organic materials such as polyester fine particles, polyurethane fine particles, vinyl polymer fine particles, and acrylic polymer fine particles A filler is mentioned.
- the preferable lower limit of the content of the filler is 10 parts by weight and the preferable upper limit is 70 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the entire polymerizable compound.
- the content of the filler is less than 10 parts by weight, effects such as improvement in adhesiveness may not be sufficiently exhibited.
- content of the said filler exceeds 70 weight part, the viscosity of the sealing compound for liquid crystal display elements obtained may become high, and workability
- the minimum with more preferable content of the said filler is 20 weight part, and a more preferable upper limit is 60 weight part.
- the sealing agent for liquid crystal display elements of the present invention has sufficient adhesion to a flexible substrate without blending a silane coupling agent, but contains a silane coupling agent when further improvement in adhesion is required. It is preferable.
- the silane coupling agent mainly has a role as an adhesion assistant for favorably bonding the sealing agent and the substrate.
- the silane coupling agent for example, 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane and the like are preferably used.
- the content of the silane coupling agent is preferably 0.1 parts by weight and preferably 20 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the entire polymerizable compound.
- the content of the silane coupling agent is less than 0.1 parts by weight, the effect of blending the silane coupling agent may not be sufficiently exhibited.
- content of the said silane coupling agent exceeds 20 weight part, the sealing compound for liquid crystal display elements obtained may contaminate a liquid crystal.
- the minimum with more preferable content of the said silane coupling agent is 0.5 weight part, and a more preferable upper limit is 10 weight part.
- the sealing agent for liquid crystal display elements of the present invention may contain a light shielding agent.
- the sealing compound for liquid crystal display elements of this invention can be used suitably as a light shielding sealing agent.
- Examples of the light-shielding agent include iron oxide, titanium black, aniline black, cyanine black, fullerene, carbon black, and resin-coated carbon black. Of these, titanium black is preferable.
- Titanium black is a substance having a higher transmittance in the vicinity of the ultraviolet region, particularly for light having a wavelength of 370 to 450 nm, compared to the average transmittance for light having a wavelength of 300 to 800 nm. That is, the above-described titanium black sufficiently shields light having a wavelength in the visible light region, thereby providing a light shielding property to the sealing agent for liquid crystal display elements of the present invention, while transmitting light having a wavelength in the vicinity of the ultraviolet region.
- the light shielding agent contained in the liquid crystal display element sealant of the present invention is preferably a highly insulating material, and titanium black is also preferred as the highly insulating light shielding agent.
- the above-mentioned titanium black exhibits a sufficient effect even if it is not surface-treated, but the surface is treated with an organic component such as a coupling agent, silicon oxide, titanium oxide, germanium oxide, aluminum oxide, oxidized Surface-treated titanium black such as those coated with an inorganic component such as zirconium or magnesium oxide can also be used. Especially, what is processed with the organic component is preferable at the point which can improve insulation more.
- the liquid crystal display element produced using the sealing agent for liquid crystal display elements of the present invention containing the above-described titanium black as a light-shielding agent has a sufficient light-shielding property, and thus has high contrast without light leakage. A liquid crystal display element having excellent image display quality can be realized.
- titanium black examples include 12S, 13M, 13M-C, 13R-N, 14M-C (all manufactured by Mitsubishi Materials Corporation), Tilak D (manufactured by Ako Kasei Co., Ltd.), and the like. Can be mentioned.
- the preferable lower limit of the specific surface area of the titanium black is 13 m 2 / g, the preferable upper limit is 30 m 2 / g, the more preferable lower limit is 15 m 2 / g, and the more preferable upper limit is 25 m 2 / g.
- the preferred lower limit of the volume resistance of the titanium black is 0.5 ⁇ ⁇ cm, the preferred upper limit is 3 ⁇ ⁇ cm, the more preferred lower limit is 1 ⁇ ⁇ cm, and the more preferred upper limit is 2.5 ⁇ ⁇ cm.
- the primary particle diameter of the light-shielding agent is not particularly limited as long as it is not more than the distance between the substrates of the liquid crystal display element, but the preferred lower limit is 1 nm and the preferred upper limit is 5 ⁇ m.
- the primary particle diameter of the light-shielding agent is less than 1 nm, the viscosity and thixotropy of the obtained sealing agent for liquid crystal display elements is greatly increased, and workability may be deteriorated.
- the primary particle diameter of the light-shielding agent exceeds 5 ⁇ m, the applicability of the obtained sealing agent for liquid crystal display elements to the substrate may be deteriorated.
- the more preferable lower limit of the primary particle diameter of the light shielding agent is 5 nm, the more preferable upper limit is 200 nm, the still more preferable lower limit is 10 nm, and the still more preferable upper limit is 100 nm.
- the preferable lower limit of the content of the light-shielding agent in 100 parts by weight of the sealant for liquid crystal display elements of the present invention is 5 parts by weight, and the preferable upper limit is 80 parts by weight. If the content of the light shielding agent is less than 5 parts by weight, sufficient light shielding properties may not be obtained. When the content of the light-shielding agent exceeds 80 parts by weight, the adhesion of the obtained sealing agent for liquid crystal display elements to the substrate and the strength after curing may be lowered, or the drawing property may be lowered.
- the more preferable lower limit of the content of the light shielding agent is 10 parts by weight, the more preferable upper limit is 70 parts by weight, the still more preferable lower limit is 30 parts by weight, and the still more preferable upper limit is 60 parts by weight.
- the sealing agent for liquid crystal display elements of the present invention is further added with a stress relaxation agent, reactive diluent, thixotropic agent, spacer, curing accelerator, antifoaming agent, leveling agent, polymerization inhibitor, etc., if necessary.
- An agent may be contained.
- Examples of the method for producing the sealing agent for liquid crystal display elements of the present invention include a polymerizable compound (a) using a mixer such as a homodisper, a homomixer, a universal mixer, a planetary mixer, a kneader, or a three roll. And a method of mixing a polymerizable compound (b), a polymerization initiator and / or a thermosetting agent, and an additive such as a polymerizable compound (c) or a silane coupling agent added as necessary. It is done.
- a mixer such as a homodisper, a homomixer, a universal mixer, a planetary mixer, a kneader, or a three roll.
- cured material is 45 degreeC.
- the upper limit with said more preferable glass transition temperature is 40 degreeC.
- the “glass transition temperature” means a temperature at which a maximum due to micro-Brownian motion appears among the maximum of loss tangent (tan ⁇ ) obtained by dynamic viscoelasticity measurement.
- the glass transition temperature can be measured by a conventionally known method using a viscoelasticity measuring device or the like.
- a vertical conducting material can be produced by blending conductive fine particles with the liquid crystal display element sealant of the present invention.
- Such a vertical conduction material containing the sealing agent for liquid crystal display elements of the present invention and conductive fine particles is also one aspect of the present invention.
- the conductive fine particles a metal ball, a resin fine particle formed with a conductive metal layer on the surface, or the like can be used.
- the one in which the conductive metal layer is formed on the surface of the resin fine particles is preferable because the conductive connection is possible without damaging the transparent substrate due to the excellent elasticity of the resin fine particles.
- the liquid crystal display element which has the sealing compound for liquid crystal display elements of this invention or the vertical conduction material of this invention is also one of this invention.
- the sealing agent for liquid crystal display elements of this invention can be used suitably for a liquid crystal dropping method.
- a method for producing the liquid crystal display element of the present invention by the liquid crystal dropping method specifically, for example, a rectangular seal pattern is formed on the substrate by screen printing, dispenser application, etc. of the liquid crystal display element sealant of the present invention.
- a step of applying liquid crystal microdroplets to the entire surface of the transparent substrate in an uncured state of the sealant for the liquid crystal display element of the present invention, and immediately superimposing another substrate; and Examples of the method include a step of irradiating a seal pattern portion such as a sealing agent for liquid crystal display elements with light such as ultraviolet rays to temporarily cure the sealing agent, and a step of heating and temporarily curing the temporarily cured sealing agent. It is done.
- a flexible substrate is suitable.
- the flexible substrate include plastic substrates using polyethylene terephthalate, polyester, poly (meth) acrylate, polycarbonate, polyether sulfone, and the like.
- the sealing compound for liquid crystal display elements of this invention may be used when adhere
- the substrate is usually formed with a transparent electrode made of indium oxide or the like, an alignment film made of polyimide or the like, an inorganic ion shielding film, or the like.
- a liquid crystal display having excellent adhesion to a conventional glass substrate and a flexible substrate, maintaining a sufficient adhesion even when the substrate is bent as a curved display application, causing no display defect, and having a low liquid crystal contamination property.
- a sealing agent for an element can be provided.
- the vertical conduction material and liquid crystal display element which use this sealing compound for liquid crystal display elements can be provided.
- Example 1 20 parts by weight of 2-hydroxy-3-phenoxypropyl acrylate (manufactured by Kyoeisha Chemical Co., “Epoxy ester M-600A”) as the polymerizable compound (a), and caprolactone-modified bisphenol A type epoxy acrylate (Daicel) as the polymerizable compound (b) -Ornex, "EBECRYL3708”) 50 parts by weight, partially acrylic-modified bisphenol E type epoxy resin ("KRM8287", manufactured by Daicel Ornex, Inc.) as the polymerizable compound (c), 1 as a radical photopolymerization initiator 2- (4- (phenylthio) phenyl) -1,2-octanedione 2- (O-benzoyloxime) (manufactured by BASF, “IRGACURE OXE01”), malonic acid dihydrazide (manufactured by Otsuka Chemical Co., Ltd.) as a thermosetting agent , "
- Examples 2 to 14 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 The materials of the mixing ratios listed in Tables 1 and 2 were stirred and mixed in the same manner as in Example 1 to prepare sealants for liquid crystal display elements of Examples 2 to 14 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3. did.
- the obtained sealing agent for liquid crystal display elements is taken in the center of a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film (Lintec Co., “PET5011”) of 20 mm ⁇ 50 mm, and PET 5011 of the same size is superimposed thereon.
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- the sealing agent for liquid crystal display elements was expanded. In this state, 100 mW / cm 2 of ultraviolet rays were irradiated for 30 seconds using a metal halide lamp, and further heated at 120 ° C. for 1 hour to prepare an adhesion test piece. The adhesive strength of the obtained adhesion test piece was measured using EZgraph (manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation).
- the glass substrate was used, the adhesion test piece was produced similarly, and the adhesive strength was measured. “ ⁇ ” indicates that the adhesive strength was 1 N / cm or more, “ ⁇ ” indicates that the adhesive strength was 0.5 N / cm or more and less than 1 N / cm, and the adhesive strength was less than 0.5 N / cm.
- the adhesiveness with respect to PET film was evaluated by making a thing "x".
- liquid crystal contamination 1 part by weight of spacer fine particles (“Micropearl SI-H050” manufactured by Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd.) is dispersed in 100 parts by weight of the sealant for each liquid crystal display element obtained in Examples and Comparative Examples, and the sealant for liquid crystal display element
- the sealant was applied to one of the two rubbed alignment films and the substrate with a transparent electrode with a dispenser so that the line width of the sealant was 1 mm.
- liquid droplets manufactured by Chisso Corp., “JC-5004LA”
- JC-5004LA liquid droplets
- the agent part was irradiated with 100 mW / cm 2 ultraviolet rays for 30 seconds using a metal halide lamp, and further heated at 120 ° C. for 1 hour to obtain a liquid crystal display element.
- the liquid crystal alignment disorder of the sealant vicinity after making it into a voltage application state at 80 degreeC for 1000 hours was confirmed visually.
- the alignment disorder is determined by the color unevenness of the display part. Depending on the degree of color unevenness, “ ⁇ ” indicates that there is no color unevenness, “ ⁇ ” indicates that the color unevenness is slight, and “color unevenness”.
- the liquid crystal contamination property was evaluated with “ ⁇ ” when there was a little, and “ ⁇ ” when there was considerable color unevenness.
- liquid crystal display elements with the evaluations “ ⁇ ” and “O” are at a level where there is no problem in practical use, and “ ⁇ ” is a level that may cause a problem depending on the display design of the liquid crystal display element. "X” is a level that cannot be practically used.
- a liquid crystal display having excellent adhesion to a conventional glass substrate and a flexible substrate, maintaining a sufficient adhesion even when the substrate is bent as a curved display application, causing no display defect, and having a low liquid crystal contamination property.
- a sealing agent for an element can be provided.
- the vertical conduction material and liquid crystal display element which use this sealing compound for liquid crystal display elements can be provided.
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Abstract
Description
以下に本発明を詳述する。
なお、本明細書において上記「(メタ)アクリロイル」は、アクリロイル又はメタクリロイルを意味する。
なお、本明細書において上記「(メタ)アクリレート」は、アクリレート又はメタクリレートを意味し、上記「エポキシ(メタ)アクリレート」とは、エポキシ化合物中の全てのエポキシ基を(メタ)アクリル酸と反応させた化合物のことを意味する。
上記単官能のエポキシ化合物としては、例えば、ブチルグリシジルエーテル(例えば、DY-BP(四日市合成社製))、2-エチルヘキシルグリシジルエーテル(例えば、エポゴーセー2EH(四日市合成社製))、アリルグリシジルエーテル(例えば、EX-101(ナガセケムテックス社製))、2-エチルヘキシルグリシジルエーテル(例えば、EX-121(ナガセケムテックス社製))、EO変性フェノールグリシジルエーテル(例えば、EX-145(ナガセケムテックス社製))、EO変性ラウリルアルコールグリシジルエーテル(例えば、EX-171(ナガセケムテックス社製))、フェニルグリシジルエーテル(例えば、EX-141(ナガセケムテックス社製))、p-tert-ブチルフェニルグリシジルエーテル(例えば、EX-146(ナガセケムテックス社製))、ジブロモフェニルグリシジルエーテル(例えば、EX-147(ナガセケムテックス社製))等が挙げられる。
また、上記単官能のエポキシ(メタ)アクリレートのうち市販されているものとしては、例えば、エポキシエステル M-600A(共栄社化学社製)等が挙げられる。
上記重合性化合物(a)の含有量のより好ましい下限は5重量部、より好ましい上限は40重量部である。
上記重合性化合物(b)は、上記重合性官能基を1分子中に2個以上有する多官能重合性化合物であることが好ましい。
上記重合性化合物(b)の分子量の好ましい下限は800、好ましい上限は2000である。上記重合性化合物(b)の分子量がこの範囲にあることにより、得られる液晶表示素子用シール剤が柔軟性と透湿性とにより優れるものとなる。
なお、本明細書において上記「(メタ)アクリル」は、アクリル又はメタクリルを意味する。
上記重合開始剤としては、例えば、ラジカル重合開始剤やカチオン重合開始剤等が挙げられる。
なお、本明細書において高分子アゾ開始剤とは、アゾ基を有し、熱によって(メタ)アクリロイルオキシ基を硬化させることができるラジカルを生成する、数平均分子量が300以上の化合物を意味する。
なお、本明細書において、上記数平均分子量は、ゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィー(GPC)で測定を行い、ポリスチレン換算により求められる値である。GPCによってポリスチレン換算による数平均分子量を測定する際のカラムとしては、例えば、Shodex LF-804(昭和電工社製)等が挙げられる。
上記アゾ基を介してポリアルキレンオキサイド等のユニットが複数結合した構造を有する高分子アゾ開始剤としては、ポリエチレンオキサイド構造を有するものが好ましい。このような高分子アゾ開始剤としては、例えば、4,4’-アゾビス(4-シアノペンタン酸)とポリアルキレングリコールの重縮合物や、4,4’-アゾビス(4-シアノペンタン酸)と末端アミノ基を有するポリジメチルシロキサンの重縮合物等が挙げられ、具体的には例えば、VPE-0201、VPE-0401、VPE-0601、VPS-0501、VPS-1001(いずれも和光純薬工業社製)等が挙げられる。
また、高分子ではないアゾ化合物の例としては、V-65、V-501(いずれも和光純薬工業社製)等が挙げられる。
上記光カチオン重合開始剤としては、例えば、芳香族ジアゾニウム塩、芳香族ハロニウム塩、芳香族スルホニウム塩等のオニウム塩類、鉄-アレン錯体、チタノセン錯体、アリールシラノール-アルミニウム錯体等の有機金属錯体類等が挙げられる。
なお、液晶表示素子のセルギャップは、表示素子により異なるため限定されないが、一般的な液晶表示素子のセルギャップは、2μm~10μmである。
また、上記柔軟粒子の最大粒子径の好ましい上限は20μmである。上記柔軟粒子の最大粒子径が20μmを超えると、スプリングバックを起こし、得られる液晶表示素子用シール剤が接着性に劣るものとなったり、得られる液晶表示素子にギャップ不良が生じたりすることがある。上記柔軟粒子の最大粒子径のより好ましい上限は15μmである。
更に、上記柔軟粒子の最大粒子径は、セルギャップの2.6倍以下であることが好ましい。上記柔軟粒子の最大粒子径がセルギャップの2.6倍を超えると、スプリングバックを起こし、得られる液晶表示素子用シール剤が接着性に劣るものとなったり、得られる液晶表示素子にギャップ不良が生じたりすることがある。上記柔軟粒子の最大粒子径のより好ましい上限はセルギャップの2.2倍、更に好ましい上限はセルギャップの1.7倍である。
なお、本明細書において、上記柔軟粒子の最大粒子径及び後述する平均粒子径は、シール剤に配合する前の粒子について、レーザー回折式粒度分布測定装置を用いて測定することにより得られる値を意味する。上記レーザー回折式分布測定装置としては、マスターサイザー2000(マルバーン社製)等を用いることができる。
なお、本明細書において粒子径のCV値とは、下記式により求められる数値のことである。
粒子径のCV値(%)=(粒子径の標準偏差/平均粒子径)×100
上記柔軟粒子を分級する方法としては、例えば、湿式分級、乾式分級等の方法が挙げられる。なかでも、湿式分級が好ましく、湿式篩分級がより好ましい。
上記シリコーン系粒子のうち市販されているものとしては、例えば、KMP-594、KMP-597、KMP-598、KMP-600、KMP-601、KMP-602(信越シリコーン社製)、トレフィルE-506S、EP-9215(東レ・ダウコーニング社製)等が挙げられ、これらを分級して用いることができる。上記シリコーン系粒子は、単独で用いられてもよいし、2種以上が併用されてもよい。
上記(メタ)アクリル粒子は、原料となる単量体を公知の方法により重合させることで得ることができる。具体的には例えば、ラジカル重合開始剤の存在下で単量体を懸濁重合する方法、ラジカル重合開始剤の存在下で非架橋の種粒子に単量体を吸収させることにより種粒子を膨潤させてシード重合する方法等が挙げられる。
なお、本明細書において上記柔軟粒子の硬度は、JIS K 6253に準拠した方法により測定されるデュロメータA硬さを意味する。
上記シランカップリング剤としては、例えば、3-アミノプロピルトリメトキシシラン、3-メルカプトプロピルトリメトキシシラン、3-グリシドキシプロピルトリメトキシシラン等が好適に用いられる。
また、遮光剤として上記チタンブラックを含有する本発明の液晶表示素子用シール剤を用いて製造した液晶表示素子は、充分な遮光性を有するため、光の漏れ出しがなく高いコントラストを有し、優れた画像表示品質を有する液晶表示素子を実現することができる。
また、上記チタンブラックの体積抵抗の好ましい下限は0.5Ω・cm、好ましい上限は3Ω・cmであり、より好ましい下限は1Ω・cm、より好ましい上限は2.5Ω・cmである。
なお、本明細書において上記「ガラス転移温度」は、動的粘弾性測定により得られる損失正接(tanδ)の極大のうち、ミクロブラウン運動に起因する極大が現れる温度を意味する。上記ガラス転移温度は、粘弾性測定装置等を用いた従来公知の方法により測定することができる。
液晶滴下工法によって本発明の液晶表示素子を製造する方法としては、具体的には例えば、基板に本発明の液晶表示素子用シール剤等をスクリーン印刷、ディスペンサー塗布等により長方形状のシールパターンを形成する工程、本発明の液晶表示素子用シール剤等が未硬化の状態で液晶の微小滴を透明基板の枠内全面に滴下塗布し、すぐに別の基板を重ね合わせる工程、及び、本発明の液晶表示素子用シール剤等のシールパターン部分に紫外線等の光を照射してシール剤を仮硬化させる工程、及び、仮硬化させたシール剤を加熱して本硬化させる工程を有する方法等が挙げられる。
上記フレキシブル基板としては、例えば、ポリエチレンテレフタレート、ポリエステル、ポリ(メタ)アクリレート、ポリカーボネート、ポリエーテルスルフォン等を用いたプラスチック製基板が挙げられる。また、本発明の液晶表示素子用シール剤は、通常のガラス基板を接着する際に用いられてもよい。
上記基板には、通常、酸化インジウム等からなる透明電極、ポリイミド等からなる配向膜、無機質イオン遮蔽膜等が形成される。
重合性化合物(a)として2-ヒドロキシ-3-フェノキシプロピルアクリレート(共栄社化学社製、「エポキシエステル M-600A」)20重量部、重合性化合物(b)としてカプロラクトン変性ビスフェノールA型エポキシアクリレート(ダイセル・オルネクス社製、「EBECRYL3708」)50重量部、重合性化合物(c)として部分アクリル変性ビスフェノールE型エポキシ樹脂(ダイセル・オルネクス社製、「KRM8287」)30重量部、光ラジカル重合開始剤として1-(4-(フェニルチオ)フェニル)-1,2-オクタンジオン2-(O-ベンゾイルオキシム)(BASF社製、「IRGACURE OXE01」)2重量部、熱硬化剤としてマロン酸ジヒドラジド(大塚化学社製、「MDH」)10重量部、充填剤としてシリカ(アドマテックス社製、「アドマファインSO-C2」)20重量部、シランカップリング剤として3-グリシドキシプロピルトリメトキシシラン(信越化学工業社製、「KBM-403」)2重量部、及び、応力緩和剤としてコアシェルアクリレート共重合体微粒子(ゼオン化成社製、「F351」)15重量部を、遊星式撹拌機(シンキー社製、「あわとり練太郎」)を用いて混合した後、更に3本ロールを用いて混合することにより、液晶表示素子用シール剤を調製した。
表1、2に記載された配合比の各材料を、実施例1と同様にして撹拌混合することにより、実施例2~14、及び、比較例1~3の液晶表示素子用シール剤を調製した。
実施例及び比較例で得られた液晶表示素子用シール剤について以下の評価を行った。結果を表1、2に示した。
実施例及び比較例で得られた各液晶表示素子用シール剤について、製造直後の初期粘度と、25℃で1週間保管したときの粘度とを測定し、(25℃、1週間保管後の粘度)/(初期粘度)を粘度変化率とし、粘度変化率が1.1未満であった場合を「○」、1.1以上2.0未満であった場合を「△」、2.0以上であった場合を「×」として保存安定性を評価した。
なお、シール剤の粘度は、E型粘度計(BROOK FIELD社製、「DV-III」)を用い、25℃において回転速度1.0rpmの条件で測定した。
実施例及び比較例で得られた各液晶表示素子用シール剤にメタルハライドランプを用いて100mW/cm2の紫外線を30秒照射し、更に、120℃で1時間加熱してシール剤を完全に硬化させ、厚さ300μmのフィルムを作製し、試験片とした。得られた試験片について、動的粘弾性測定装置(IT計測制御社製、「DVA-200」)を用いて、-80~200℃、10Hzにおいて動的粘弾性を測定し、損失正接(tanδ)の極大値の温度をガラス転移温度として求めた。
得られた液晶表示素子用シール剤を極微量、20mm×50mmのポリエチレンテレフタレート(PET)フィルム(リンテック社製、「PET5011」)の中央部に取り、その上に同じ大きさのPET5011を重ね合わせて液晶表示素子用シール剤を押し広げた。その状態でメタルハライドランプを用いて100mW/cm2の紫外線を30秒照射し、更に、120℃で1時間加熱して接着試験片を作製した。得られた接着試験片の接着強度を、EZgraph(島津製作所社製)を用いて測定した。また、PET5011に代えてガラス基板を用い、同様にして接着試験片を作製し、接着強度を測定した。
接着強度が1N/cm以上であったものを「○」、接着強度が0.5N/cm以上1N/cm未満であったものを「△」、接着強度が0.5N/cm未満であったものを「×」としてPETフィルムに対する接着性を評価した。
実施例及び比較例で得られた各液晶表示素子用シール剤100重量部にスペーサー微粒子(積水化学工業社製、「ミクロパールSI-H050」)1重量部を分散させ、液晶表示素子用シール剤として、2枚のラビング済み配向膜及び透明電極付き基板の一方にシール剤の線幅が1mmになるようにディスペンサーで塗布した。
続いて液晶(チッソ社製、「JC-5004LA」)の微小滴を透明電極付き基板のシール剤の枠内全面に滴下塗布し、すぐにもう一方の透明電極付きカラーフィルター基板を貼り合わせ、シール剤部分にメタルハライドランプを用いて100mW/cm2の紫外線を30秒照射し、更に、120℃で1時間加熱して液晶表示素子を得た。
得られた液晶表示素子について、100時間動作試験を行った後、80℃で1000時間電圧印加状態とした後のシール剤付近の液晶配向乱れを目視によって確認した。
配向乱れは表示部の色むらにより判断しており、色むらの程度に応じて、色むらが全くなかった場合を「◎」、色むらが微かにあった場合を「○」、色むらが少しあった場合を「△」、色むらがかなりあった場合を「×」として液晶汚染性を評価した。
なお、評価が「◎」、「○」の液晶表示素子は、実用に全く問題のないレベルであり、「△」は液晶表示素子の表示設計によって問題になる可能性があるレベルであり、「×」は実用に耐えないレベルである。
Claims (6)
- 1分子中に1個の重合性官能基と1個以上の水素結合性官能基とを有する単官能重合性化合物、1分子中に1個以上の重合性官能基とラクトンの開環構造及び/又はアクリロニトリル-ブタジエン構造とを有する重合性化合物、並びに、重合開始剤及び/又は熱硬化剤を含有することを特徴とする液晶表示素子用シール剤。
- 更に(メタ)アクリロイル基とエポキシ基とを有する重合性化合物を含有することを特徴とする請求項1記載の液晶表示素子用シール剤。
- 柔軟粒子を含有することを特徴とする請求項1又は2記載の液晶表示素子用シール剤。
- 遮光剤を含有することを特徴とする請求項1、2又は3記載の液晶表示素子用シール剤。
- 請求項1、2、3又は4記載の液晶表示素子用シール剤と導電性微粒子とを含有することを特徴とする上下導通材料。
- 請求項1、2、3若しくは4記載の液晶表示素子用シール剤又は請求項5記載の上下導通材料を有することを特徴とする液晶表示素子。
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