WO2015105159A1 - 切削加工における切削条件の設計方法 - Google Patents
切削加工における切削条件の設計方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015105159A1 WO2015105159A1 PCT/JP2015/050405 JP2015050405W WO2015105159A1 WO 2015105159 A1 WO2015105159 A1 WO 2015105159A1 JP 2015050405 W JP2015050405 W JP 2015050405W WO 2015105159 A1 WO2015105159 A1 WO 2015105159A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
- G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
- G05B19/18—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form
- G05B19/416—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form characterised by control of velocity, acceleration or deceleration
- G05B19/4166—Controlling feed or in-feed
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
- G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
- G05B19/18—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form
- G05B19/416—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form characterised by control of velocity, acceleration or deceleration
- G05B19/4163—Adaptive control of feed or cutting velocity
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q15/00—Automatic control or regulation of feed movement, cutting velocity or position of tool or work
- B23Q15/007—Automatic control or regulation of feed movement, cutting velocity or position of tool or work while the tool acts upon the workpiece
- B23Q15/18—Compensation of tool-deflection due to temperature or force
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
- G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
- G05B19/18—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form
- G05B19/4093—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form characterised by part programming, e.g. entry of geometrical information as taken from a technical drawing, combining this with machining and material information to obtain control information, named part programme, for the NC machine
- G05B19/40937—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form characterised by part programming, e.g. entry of geometrical information as taken from a technical drawing, combining this with machining and material information to obtain control information, named part programme, for the NC machine concerning programming of machining or material parameters, pocket machining
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23C—MILLING
- B23C3/00—Milling particular work; Special milling operations; Machines therefor
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
- G05B2219/30—Nc systems
- G05B2219/36—Nc in input of data, input key till input tape
- G05B2219/36284—Use of database for machining parameters, material, cutting method, tools
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
- G05B2219/30—Nc systems
- G05B2219/36—Nc in input of data, input key till input tape
- G05B2219/36289—Cutting, machining conditions by optimisation of time, cost, accuracy
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
- G05B2219/30—Nc systems
- G05B2219/37—Measurements
- G05B2219/37434—Measuring vibration of machine or workpiece or tool
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
- G05B2219/30—Nc systems
- G05B2219/41—Servomotor, servo controller till figures
- G05B2219/41109—Drilling rate, feed rate
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
- G05B2219/30—Nc systems
- G05B2219/41—Servomotor, servo controller till figures
- G05B2219/41256—Chattering control
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
- G05B2219/30—Nc systems
- G05B2219/50—Machine tool, machine tool null till machine tool work handling
- G05B2219/50041—Measuring intensity of tool vibration
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P90/00—Enabling technologies with a potential contribution to greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions mitigation
- Y02P90/02—Total factory control, e.g. smart factories, flexible manufacturing systems [FMS] or integrated manufacturing systems [IMS]
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for designing cutting conditions in cutting.
- the tool life of the cutting tool there is a problem that the tool life is extremely shortened when cutting is not performed under appropriate cutting conditions.
- it is difficult to accurately determine the cutting conditions for extending the tool life and in many cases, the design is made with a margin for the cutting conditions (particularly the cutting speed of the cutting tool).
- the cutting conditions with the allowance as described above may cause an extra cutting cost. For example, there is a problem that the cutting tool is replaced before reaching the tool life, or the cutting time is low because it is a low-load cutting condition.
- Non-Patent Document 1 measures the shape of the workpiece after cutting offline, optimizes the cutting conditions based on the actual measurement value and the instruction value of the cutting operation specified in advance, , Online tool life test of cutting tool, loss function is used to convert tool life and machining efficiency into loss and evaluate as the same dimension, and appropriate cutting conditions are determined from the relationship between tool life and machining efficiency Designing.
- Non-Patent Document 2 formulates optimization of cutting conditions in cutting by a nonlinear target programming method, and designs appropriate cutting conditions based on the formulation.
- Non-Patent Document 1 is a technique for statistically handling cutting data of a workpiece having a single shape to optimize cutting conditions and designing cutting conditions.
- the shape of the workpiece to be actually cut is often complicated, it is difficult to apply it to an actual cutting process.
- the cutting conditions are designed using Non-Patent Document 1, it is clear that problems occur with respect to the processing accuracy of the cutting and the processed surface properties of the workpiece.
- Non-Patent Document 2 is a technique for designing appropriate cutting conditions using quality engineering (nonlinear target programming). However, the amount of calculation and condition items when designing the cutting conditions are large, and it takes time to obtain the cutting conditions, which is not realistic. In summary, it is not practical to design appropriate cutting conditions in an actual cutting process using the techniques of Non-Patent Document 1 and Non-Patent Document 2.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems, and provides a cutting condition design method in cutting that can achieve both vibration prevention of cutting, tool life, and cutting efficiency, and can easily design cutting conditions.
- the purpose is to provide.
- the cutting condition design method in the cutting process according to the present invention uses a cutting tool to design a cutting condition required when cutting a workpiece, and feeds the cutting tool with a feed speed f;
- a cutting depth da in the axial direction of the cutting tool, a cutting depth dr in the radial direction of the cutting tool, and a cutting speed v of the cutting tool are set as design parameters.
- the deflection amount ⁇ of the cutting tool is calculated and calculated.
- the design parameter may include a parameter of the shape of the cutting tool.
- the deflection amount ⁇ of the cutting tool is calculated by the following equation.
- the maximum cutting thickness Ct max of the cutting tool is calculated by the following equation.
- Ct max f ⁇ sin ⁇ 1
- Ct max Maximum cutting thickness of the cutting tool (mm)
- f Feeding speed of cutting tool (mm / blade)
- ⁇ 1 acos ((r ⁇ dr) / r)
- r radius of the cutting tool (mm)
- dr Cutting depth in the radial direction of the cutting tool (mm)
- the cutting condition design method in the cutting process of the present invention it is possible to achieve both vibration prevention of the cutting tool, tool life and cutting efficiency, and to easily design the cutting conditions.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically showing how a workpiece 2 is cut using a cutting tool 1 based on the cutting conditions designed by the cutting condition design method according to the present invention. is there.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a process of a cutting condition design method in cutting according to the present invention.
- a cutting process such as milling is performed using a rotating cutting tool 1 such as an end mill or a milling machine to fix a workpiece 2 (steel material or the like) fixed on a table of a milling machine to a target shape or It is a process of processing into dimensions. What is needed in such a cutting process is to design suitable cutting conditions (such as the feed speed v and the cutting depth d of the cutting tool 1). If the cutting conditions are not designed to be suitable, for example, “chatter vibration” due to the deflection of the cutting tool 1 occurs during the cutting process, and thereby the processing accuracy of the cutting process and the processing surface of the workpiece 2 Problems with properties may occur.
- an upper limit value with an average cutting resistance Fb ave that is an average value of the cutting resistance in the direction in which the cutting tool 1 vibrates (in the radial direction in the case of an end mill tool) is set.
- the upper limit value of the average value Fb ave of the cutting resistance varies depending on the bending rigidity G of the cutting tool 1 in the vibration direction. Therefore, the upper limit value of the average value Fb ave of the cutting resistance increases as the bending rigidity G of the cutting tool 1 increases. Since the relationship between the upper limit value of the cutting force average value Fb ave and the bending rigidity G is directly proportional, the ratio between the average value Fb ave of the cutting resistance and the bending rigidity G, that is, the deflection amount ⁇ of the cutting tool 1 is determined. Considering this, when the amount of deflection ⁇ exceeds a certain upper limit value, it can be considered that the machined surface properties and machining accuracy of the cutting process deteriorate.
- the inventors of the present application have found that it is possible to design suitable cutting conditions by making the deflection amount ⁇ of the cutting tool 1 smaller than 0.015 mm (controlling the deflection amount ⁇ ). .
- the cutting condition design method of the present embodiment calculates the deflection amount ⁇ of the cutting tool 1 using design parameters such as the feed speed f of the cutting tool 1 and the cutting amount d of the cutting tool 1, It is determined whether or not the “chatter vibration” of the cutting tool 1 occurs from the deflection amount ⁇ . Then, the design method calculates the cutting temperature t of the cutting tool 1 using the design parameters, determines whether the tool life is satisfied from the cutting temperature t, and determines the tool life determination result and “chatter vibration”. The most efficient cutting efficiency e is calculated based on the determination result of “”, and the design parameter to which the calculation result belongs is designed as a cutting condition.
- the design parameters used in the cutting condition design method of the present embodiment are the feed speed f of the cutting tool 1, the depth of cut da in the axial direction of the cutting tool 1, and the diameter of the cutting tool 1. It is set as the direction cutting depth dr.
- the design parameters are not limited to these, and the cutting speed v of the cutting tool 1 and the shape of the cutting tool 1 may be adopted.
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing a cutting condition design method in cutting according to the present invention.
- step 1 the feed speed f of the cutting tool 1, the cutting amount da in the axial direction of the cutting tool 1, and the cutting amount in the radial direction of the cutting tool 1 are determined.
- Each design parameter of dr is set.
- any one of the feed rate f of the cutting tool 1, the cutting amount da in the axial direction of the cutting tool 1, and the cutting amount dr in the radial direction of the cutting tool 1 is determined according to other conditions (for example, the cutting tool 1 If it is determined from performance, etc., it is set as a fixed value. In addition, design parameters other than fixed values are changed in stages.
- step 2 the deflection amount ⁇ of the cutting tool 1 is calculated by the equation (1).
- ⁇ Fb ave / G (1) ⁇ : Deflection amount (m) Fb ave : Average value of cutting resistance in vibration direction of cutting tool (N) G: Bending stiffness in vibration direction of cutting tool (N / m)
- the cutting thickness Ct of the cutting tool 1 is calculated by the equation (2).
- the calculated cutting thickness Ct is substituted into Equation (3) to calculate the cutting resistance value Fb in the direction in which the cutting tool 1 vibrates.
- the specific cutting resistance Kr in the vibration direction (radial direction) of the cutting tool 1 is determined in advance depending on the material of the workpiece 2 and the like.
- Fb Ct ⁇ da ⁇ Kr (3)
- Fb Cutting resistance in the vibration direction of the cutting tool (N)
- Ct Cut thickness of the cutting tool (mm) da: Cutting depth in the axial direction of the cutting tool (mm)
- Kr Specific cutting resistance (N / mm 2 ) in the vibration direction (radial direction) of the cutting tool
- the amount of deflection ⁇ is calculated by substituting the calculated cutting resistance value Fb in the direction in which the cutting tool 1 vibrates into Equation (1).
- the above-described calculation is performed by changing the feed rate f of the cutting tool 1, the cutting depth dr in the radial direction of the cutting tool 1, and the cutting depth da in the axial direction of the cutting tool 1 in stages.
- the average cutting resistance Fb ave in the vibration direction 1 is obtained, and the deflection amount ⁇ of the cutting tool 1 is calculated using the average cutting resistance Fb ave .
- the process proceeds to step 3 (S3).
- step 3 (S3) based on the calculated deflection amount ⁇ of the cutting tool 1 and a predetermined threshold value ⁇ , it is determined whether or not “chatter vibration” of the cutting tool 1 occurs during cutting.
- the predetermined threshold value ⁇ is set as a reference value of “chatter vibration” of the cutting tool 1, and is set to 0.015 mm (deflection amount) obtained from the result of FIG.
- step 4 using the feed speed f of the cutting tool 1 and the cutting depth dr of the cutting tool 1 in the radial direction, the cutting tool 1 that can be cut off allowed for the workpiece 2
- the maximum cut-off thickness Ct max is calculated by the equation (4). As described above, when the maximum cut thickness Ct max is calculated, the process proceeds to step 5 (S5).
- Ct max f ⁇ sin ⁇ 1 (4)
- step 5 (S5) the cutting temperature t of the cutting tool 1 is calculated from the calculated maximum cut thickness Ct max of the cutting tool 1 and the cutting speed v of the cutting tool 1.
- the cutting speed v of the cutting tool 1 is changed stepwise to calculate the cutting temperature t of the cutting tool 1.
- calculation of the cutting temperature t of the cutting tool 1 which is a feature of the present invention will be described.
- the cutting temperature t of the cutting tool 1 during cutting that is, the cutting edge temperature of the tool greatly affects the tool life of the cutting tool 1 (the degree of wear of the cutting tool 1). Therefore, it is necessary to obtain the maximum value ⁇ of the cutting temperature of the cutting tool 1 that can obtain a predetermined cutting time (satisfying the tool life) in advance.
- a cutting condition is designed using the obtained maximum cutting temperature ⁇ of the cutting tool 1 and the cutting temperature t of the cutting tool 1 during cutting.
- the method for calculating the cutting temperature t of the cutting tool 1 is calculated from the maximum cutting thickness Ct max of the cutting tool 1 and the cutting speed v of the cutting tool 1 (in the case of milling, the number of rotations of the tool). For example, a method of actually measuring the cutting temperature t during the cutting process or obtaining the cutting temperature simulation such as a finite element method may be used.
- a cutting tool that is changed stepwise to correspond to the maximum cutting thickness Ct max of the cutting tool 1 and the maximum cutting thickness Ct max using a cutting temperature simulation such as a finite element method. From the cutting speed v of 1, the cutting temperature t of the cutting tool 1 is calculated. FIG. 4 shows the distribution of the calculated cutting temperature t.
- step 6 (S6) the maximum value ⁇ of the cutting temperature of the cutting tool 1 is searched from the condition that the cutting efficiency e is maximum in all the calculated data (a combination of all conditions) of the cutting temperature t of the cutting tool 1. To do. Then, the process proceeds to the next step 6 (S6).
- step 7 whether the cutting temperature t of the cutting tool 1 calculated based on FIG. 4 is equal to or lower than a predetermined threshold ⁇ (the maximum value of the cutting temperature of the cutting tool 1), in other words, It is determined whether or not the tool life of the cutting tool 1 at the time of cutting is satisfied.
- a predetermined threshold ⁇ the maximum value of the cutting temperature of the cutting tool 1
- step 8 When the calculated cutting temperature t of the cutting tool 1 is equal to or lower than the maximum cutting temperature ⁇ of the cutting tool 1, that is, when the tool life of the cutting tool 1 is satisfied, the process proceeds to step 8 (S8).
- step 8 (S8) the maximum value v max of the cutting speed of the cutting tool 1 allowed at the time of cutting, the feed speed f of the cutting tool 1, and the cutting amount da in the axial direction of the cutting tool 1 From the cutting depth dr in the radial direction of the cutting tool 1, the cutting efficiency e of the cutting tool 1 at the time of cutting is calculated. In this way, when the cutting efficiency e is calculated, the process proceeds to step 9 (S9).
- step 9 (S9) the calculated cutting efficiency e of the cutting tool 1 is compared with the data of the cutting efficiency e stored in advance, and the calculated cutting efficiency e of the cutting tool 1 is determined as the cutting efficiency e.
- the feed rate f of the cutting tool 1 the cutting amount da in the axial direction of the cutting tool 1, and the cutting amount dr in the radial direction of the cutting tool 1 are used as cutting conditions.
- the cutting efficiency e of the cutting tool 1 is compared with the data of the cutting efficiency e stored in advance, and the cutting efficiency e of the cutting tool 1 is not the maximum value in the data of the cutting efficiency e.
- the process returns to the design parameter setting (the initial step 1) and the cutting conditions are redesigned.
- the cutting condition design method in the cutting process of the present invention calculates the deflection amount ⁇ of the cutting tool 1 so that “chatter vibration” does not occur, and the cutting tool 1 has a desired tool life.
- Calculate the cutting temperature t calculate the cutting efficiency e of the cutting tool 1 so that the processing efficiency is maximized, design a design parameter from the calculated result, and output the design parameter as a suitable cutting condition. That is, the cutting conditions are optimized.
- an end mill tool having a tool diameter of 30 mm, a nose of R0.8 mm, a number of blades of 4 and a protruding length of 150 mm is prepared.
- S45C carbon steel machine Structural carbon steel: JIS G 4051 (1979) was prepared. Then, using the above-described end mill tool 1, experiments on cutting condition design and cutting condition optimization when cutting into S45C carbon steel, which is the workpiece 2, were performed.
- the feed speed f of the end mill tool 1 is 197 mm / min
- the radial cutting depth dr is 7.5 mm
- the axial cutting depth da is 102 mm
- the tool rotation speed is 4918 rpm
- the helix angle was calculated to be 60 degrees.
- An end mill tool 1 was created based on the calculated cutting conditions, and a cutting experiment was performed using the end mill tool 1. As a result of the cutting, the machined surface properties and machining accuracy of the workpiece 2 were good. Further, the optimized cutting conditions satisfy the tool life of 1 hour (allowable cutting time) shown in the upper limit data (see FIG. 4) of the cutting temperature t of the end mill tool 1 in actual cutting. I found out that
- the cutting condition design method in the cutting process of the present invention has been described using a cutting method in which cutting is performed with a rotating cutting tool 1 on a fixed workpiece 2 such as milling.
- the present invention may be used in a cutting method in which a workpiece 2 that rotates, such as a lathe, is cut with a fixed cutting tool 1.
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Abstract
Description
ところで、エンドミルやフライスを用いて切削加工を行う際には、切削加工具の形状によって、切削加工中にびびり振動が発生したり、切削加工具の形状が変形したりすることがある。このようなびびり振動が発生すると、加工精度や被加工材の加工面性状に関しての重大な問題が発生する。そのため、切削加工の切削条件を設計するオペレータは、上記した問題が発生しないように、切削加工具の送り速度や切込み量を低減させ低負荷になるように「切削条件」を設定することとなる。
ところが、上記したような余裕を持たせた切削条件は、切削コストが余分にかかってしまう虞がある。例えば、切削加工具の工具寿命に到達する前に交換されたり、低負荷の切削条件であるため、切削時間がかかったりするという問題がある。
非特許文献1は、オフラインにて、切削加工後の被加工材の形状を測定し、その実測値と予め指示した切削加工の指示値とを基に、切削条件の最適化を行い、次に、オンラインにて、切削加工具の工具寿命試験を行って、損失関数により工具寿命と加工能率を損失に変換し同次元として評価をし、そして工具寿命と加工能率の関係から適切な切削条件を設計している。
非特許文献1は、単一的な形状の被加工材の切削データを統計的に扱って切削条件を最適化して切削条件を設計する技術である。しかしながら、実際に切削加工される被加工材の形状は、複雑であるものが多いため、実際の切削加工工程に適用することは困難である。例え、非特許文献1を用いて切削条件を設計しても、切削加工の加工精度や被加工材の加工面性状に関して問題が発生することが明らかである。
まとめると、非特許文献1及び非特許文献2の技術を用いて、実際の切削加工工程における適切な切削条件を設計することは、実用的ではない。
本発明に係る切削加工における切削条件の設計方法は、切削加工具を用いて、被加工材を切削する際に必要となる切削条件を設計するに際しては、前記切削加工具の送り速度fと、前記切削加工具の軸心方向の切込み量daと、前記切削加工具の径方向の切込み量drと、前記切削加工具の切削速度vとを設計パラメータとし、前記設計パラメータのうち、前記切削加工具の送り速度fと、前記切削加工具の軸心方向の切込み量daと、前記切削加工具の径方向の切込み量drを用いて、前記切削加工具のたわみ量αを算出し、算出された前記切削加工具のたわみ量αと所定の閾値βとを基に、当該切削加工具の「びびり振動」が切削加工時に発生するか否かを判定し、前記切削加工具の「びびり振動」が発生しないと判定された場合、前記切削加工具の送り速度fと、前記切削加工具の径方向の切込み量drとから、前記被加工材に対して許容される切り取り可能な切削加工具の最大切り取り厚さCtmaxを算出し、算出された前記最大切り取り厚さCtmaxと、前記切削加工具の切削速度vとから、前記切削加工具の切削温度tを算出し、算出された前記切削加工具の切削温度tと所定の閾値γとを基に、切削加工時における前記切削加工具の工具寿命が満たされる否かを判定し、前記切削加工具の工具寿命が満たされる場合、切削加工時に許容される前記切削加工具の切削速度の最大値vmaxと、前記切削加工具の送り速度fと、前記切削加工具の軸心方向の切込み量daと、前記切削加工具の径方向の切込み量drとから、切削加工時における前記切削加工具の切削効率eを算出し、算出された前記切削加工具の切削効率eと、予め保存されている切削効率eのデータとを比較して、算出された前記切削加工具の切削効率eが、前記切削効率eのデータ内の最大値である場合、前記切削加工具の送り速度fと、前記切削加工具の軸心方向の切込み量daと、前記切削加工具の径方向の切込み量drと、前記切削加工具の切削速度vとを、前記切削条件とすることを特徴とする。
α:たわみ量(m)
Fbave:切削加工具の振動方向における切削抵抗の平均値(N)
G:切削加工具の振動方向の曲げ剛性(N/m)
Ctmax:切削加工具の最大切取り厚さ(mm)
f:切削加工具の送り速度(mm/刃)
θ1=acos((r-dr)/r)
r:切削加工具の半径(mm)
dr:切削加工具の径方向の切込み量(mm)
図1は、本発明に係る切削条件の設計方法で設計された切削条件を基に、切削加工具1を用いて、被加工材2に対して切削加工する様子を模式的に示した図である。図2は、本発明の切削加工における切削条件の設計方法の過程を示した図である。
このような切削加工の工程で必要となってくるのは、好適な切削条件(切削加工具1の送り速度vや切込み量dなど)を設計することである。切削条件が好適となるように設計しなければ、例えば、切削加工中に切削加工具1のたわみによる「びびり振動」が発生し、そのことにより切削加工の加工精度や被加工材2の加工面性状に関しての問題が発生することがある。
α:たわみ量(m)
Fbave:切削加工具の振動方向における切削抵抗の平均値(N)
G:切削加工具の振動方向の曲げ剛性(N/m)
ステップ2(S2)にて切削抵抗の平均値Fbaveを求めるにあたり、まず切削加工具1の切り取り厚さCtを式(2)で算出する。
Ct:切削加工具の切取り厚さ(mm)
f:切削加工具の送り速度(mm/刃)
θ:切削加工具の回転角度
Fb:切削加工具の振動方向の切削抵抗(N)
Ct:切削加工具の切取り厚さ(mm)
da:切削加工具の軸方向の切込み量(mm)
Kr:切削加工具の振動方向(径方向)の比切削抵抗(N/mm2)
Ctmax:切削加工具の最大切取り厚さ(mm)
f:切削加工具の送り速度(mm/刃)
θ1=acos((r-dr)/r)
r:切削加工具の半径(mm)
dr:切削加工具の径方向の切込み量(mm)
ここで、本発明の特徴である切削加工具1の切削温度tを算出することについて、説明する。
次に、本発明の切削加工における切削条件の設計方法を用いて、切削加工の切削条件を設計した実験結果について、説明する。
なお、今回開示された実施形態はすべての点で例示であって制限的なものではないと考えられるべきである。
2 被加工材
Claims (4)
- 切削加工具を用いて被加工材を切削する際に必要となる切削条件を設計する切削条件の設計方法であって、
前記切削加工具の送り速度と、前記切削加工具の軸心方向の切込み量と、前記切削加工具の径方向の切込み量と、前記切削加工具の切削速度とを含む設計パラメータを用いて、前記切削加工具のたわみ量を算出し、
算出された前記切削加工具のたわみ量と所定の閾値とを基に、当該切削加工具の「びびり振動」が切削加工時に発生するか否かを判定し、
前記切削加工具の「びびり振動」が発生しないと判定された場合、前記切削加工具の送り速度と、前記切削加工具の径方向の切込み量とから、前記被加工材に対して許容される切り取り可能な切削加工具の最大切り取り厚さを算出し、
算出された前記最大切り取り厚さと、前記切削加工具の切削速度とから、前記切削加工具の切削温度を算出し、
算出された前記切削加工具の切削温度と所定の閾値とを基に、切削加工時における前記切削加工具の工具寿命が満たされる否かを判定し、
前記切削加工具の工具寿命が満たされる場合、切削加工時に許容される前記切削加工具の切削速度の最大値と、前記切削加工具の送り速度と、前記切削加工具の軸心方向の切込み量と、前記切削加工具の径方向の切込み量とから、切削加工時における前記切削加工具の切削効率を算出し、
算出された前記切削加工具の切削効率と、予め保存されている切削効率のデータとを比較して、算出された前記切削加工具の切削効率が、前記切削効率のデータ内の最大値である場合、前記切削加工具の送り速度と、前記切削加工具の軸心方向の切込み量と、前記切削加工具の径方向の切込み量と、前記切削加工具の切削速度とを、前記切削条件とすることを特徴とする切削加工における切削条件の設計方法。 - 前記設計パラメータとして、前記切削加工具の形状のパラメータを有していることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の切削加工における切削条件の設計方法。
- 前記切削加工具のたわみ量を下式で算出することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の切削加工における切削条件の設計方法。
α=Fbave/G
α:たわみ量(m)
Fbave:切削加工具の振動方向における切削抵抗の平均値(N)
G:切削加工具の振動方向の曲げ剛性(N/m) - 前記切削加工具の最大切り取り厚さを下式で算出することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の切削加工における切削条件の設計方法。
Ctmax = f・sinθ1
Ctmax:切削加工具の最大切取り厚さ(mm)
f:切削加工具の送り速度(mm/刃)
θ1=acos((r-dr)/r)
r:切削加工具の半径(mm)
dr:切削加工具の径方向の切込み量(mm)
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