WO2015081624A1 - 一种制革工艺 - Google Patents
一种制革工艺 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2015081624A1 WO2015081624A1 PCT/CN2014/070730 CN2014070730W WO2015081624A1 WO 2015081624 A1 WO2015081624 A1 WO 2015081624A1 CN 2014070730 W CN2014070730 W CN 2014070730W WO 2015081624 A1 WO2015081624 A1 WO 2015081624A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- waste liquid
- minutes
- liquid storage
- liming
- drum
- Prior art date
Links
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- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 398
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- VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium acetate Chemical compound [Na+].CC([O-])=O VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfurous acid Chemical compound OS(O)=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C14—SKINS; HIDES; PELTS; LEATHER
- C14C—CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF HIDES, SKINS OR LEATHER, e.g. TANNING, IMPREGNATING, FINISHING; APPARATUS THEREFOR; COMPOSITIONS FOR TANNING
- C14C1/00—Chemical treatment prior to tanning
- C14C1/04—Soaking
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/008—Control or steering systems not provided for elsewhere in subclass C02F
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C14—SKINS; HIDES; PELTS; LEATHER
- C14C—CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF HIDES, SKINS OR LEATHER, e.g. TANNING, IMPREGNATING, FINISHING; APPARATUS THEREFOR; COMPOSITIONS FOR TANNING
- C14C1/00—Chemical treatment prior to tanning
- C14C1/06—Facilitating unhairing, e.g. by painting, by liming
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C14—SKINS; HIDES; PELTS; LEATHER
- C14C—CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF HIDES, SKINS OR LEATHER, e.g. TANNING, IMPREGNATING, FINISHING; APPARATUS THEREFOR; COMPOSITIONS FOR TANNING
- C14C1/00—Chemical treatment prior to tanning
- C14C1/08—Deliming; Bating; Pickling; Degreasing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C14—SKINS; HIDES; PELTS; LEATHER
- C14C—CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF HIDES, SKINS OR LEATHER, e.g. TANNING, IMPREGNATING, FINISHING; APPARATUS THEREFOR; COMPOSITIONS FOR TANNING
- C14C3/00—Tanning; Compositions for tanning
- C14C3/02—Chemical tanning
- C14C3/04—Mineral tanning
- C14C3/06—Mineral tanning using chromium compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C14—SKINS; HIDES; PELTS; LEATHER
- C14C—CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF HIDES, SKINS OR LEATHER, e.g. TANNING, IMPREGNATING, FINISHING; APPARATUS THEREFOR; COMPOSITIONS FOR TANNING
- C14C3/00—Tanning; Compositions for tanning
- C14C3/02—Chemical tanning
- C14C3/28—Multi-step processes
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
- D06P3/00—Special processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the material treated
- D06P3/02—Material containing basic nitrogen
- D06P3/04—Material containing basic nitrogen containing amide groups
- D06P3/32—Material containing basic nitrogen containing amide groups leather skins
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
- D06P5/00—Other features in dyeing or printing textiles, or dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/22—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from the processing of animals, e.g. poultry, fish, or parts thereof
- C02F2103/24—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from the processing of animals, e.g. poultry, fish, or parts thereof from tanneries
Definitions
- the invention relates to the field of recycling and recycling of wastewater in the tanning industry.
- Tannery wastewater is mainly from preparation, tanning and other wet processing sections.
- the amount of sewage discharged from the pre-soaked water to the dyeing production process accounts for more than 90% of the total sewage discharge during the whole tanning process.
- the water quality is characterized by a large amount of complex and toxic and harmful substances.
- the traditional activated sludge method has a high removal rate of BOD 5 in 90 pairs, and requires high water quality.
- COD is 60% ⁇ not suitable for impact load, need high 80%, chroma 50% ⁇ 90 power and infrastructure costs; between area %, S is between 85% and 98%. Also large, the average enterprise is unbearable; at the same time, the treatment of ammonia nitrogen in wastewater Not good.
- the removal rate of BOD 5 by oxidation ditch is 95%, and the treatment effect is unstable. It is more suitable in the south of higher temperature, for the north.
- the double-layer biofilter has a SS removal rate of 95%, and it is necessary to determine the appropriate reflux ratio.
- BOD 5 is 98%
- COD is choosing the right filter material
- the running cost is 90%
- Cr (III) is 96%.
- the object of the present invention is to realize the recycling of waste water from pre-soaking to dyeing all processes, especially the liming and finishing sections, and the waste liquid can be recycled and reused to remove normal volatilization and unavoidable leakage under natural conditions.
- the recovery rate of wastewater can reach 100%, which completely solves the problem of tannery wastewater discharge, and the technology and equipment are more simplified, and it is suitable for the existing large production process of the tannery.
- the performance indexes of the finished leather produced by the company all meet the requirements, and the rate of the finished leather is effectively reduced, the firmness and fullness of the finished leather are improved, and the saving of the material is 15%-55%, such as saving. ⁇ powder 35%-65%, part of the material can achieve more than 90% savings, individual chemicals such as salt can achieve 100% savings.
- a novel tanning process with a more simplified process and equipment characterized in that it is carried out step by step in pre-soaking, main immersion, liming, ash, deliming, pickling, retanning, neutralization, dyeing
- the waste liquid can be recycled and reused.
- the waste liquid produced in each process can be treated without special preparations, and a special preparation can be added.
- the addition amount is 0%-0.3% (based on the amount of waste liquid), and the above processes are all realized.
- a fully closed loop consisting of the following steps:
- Pre-soaked water waste liquid storage tank or liquid storage tank is arranged next to the pre-dip water rotating drum, and the waste liquid from the pre-soaking water process filters out the solid matter in the waste liquid and then discharges into the pre-precipitated
- the immersion waste liquid storage tank or liquid storage tank is evenly mixed for pre-soaking of the next batch of skin; the pre-soaking process using pre-soaked water waste liquid is: 5%-300% pre-dip water waste liquid by weight of raw hide 0%-0. 3% special formulation, 0. 2%-0. 4% bactericide, 5-20 minutes; 0. 1%-0. 8% immersion aid, 0. 1%- 1. 0 % degreaser, 0. 05%-0.
- the main immersion waste liquid storage tank or liquid storage tank is arranged beside the main immersion water drum, and the waste liquid from the main immersion water process filters out the solid matter in the waste liquid and then discharges into the main
- the immersion waste liquid storage tank or liquid storage tank is evenly mixed for the main immersion water of the next batch of leather;
- the main immersion water using the main immersion waste liquid is: 5%-300% main immersion water waste liquid by weight of the original skin 0% ⁇ , 0. 05, 0%-0. 3% special preparation, 0. 1%-1. 0% immersion aid, 0. 1%-0. 8% degreaser, 0. 1%-1. 0% soda ash, 0. 05 %- 0. 3% Na 2 S, 30-80 minutes/stop 10-50 minutes, transfer 1-4 times; 0.
- a ash effluent liquid storage tank or a liquid storage tank is arranged beside the liming drum, and the ash ash waste liquid from the liming process is filtered to remove the solid matter in the waste liquid.
- the liming process using ash ash waste liquid is: 3%-200% waste ash by weight of raw hide Liquid, 0%-0. 3% special preparation, 0. 2%-2. 0% liming aid, 0. 05%- 1. 5% NaHS, 20-40 minutes; 0. 3%_2. % lime, turn 20-40 minutes / stop 20-40 minutes; 0. 05%- 1.
- a deliming and softening waste liquid storage tank or a liquid storage tank is arranged beside the deashing and softening drum, and the waste liquid from the deliming and softening process is filtered to remove the solid matter in the waste liquid.
- the mixture is evenly mixed, so as to be used for the deashing softening of the lower batch of leather; the process of deashing and softening by using the deliming and softening waste liquid is: 5% ⁇ , 0. 2% -1% 5% ⁇ , 0. 2% -1% 5% deashing agent, 0. 2% -1.
- the waste water is discharged into the liquid storage tank or the liquid storage tank.
- the amount of protease and microorganisms in the waste liquid should be detected once every cycle. It is best to use the liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer for protease detection, or to use photoelectric colorimetry. Determine the amount of softening enzyme to be added and whether preservatives need to be added based on the test results;
- the liquid storage tank is preferably as deep as 2-8 meters underground. In order to facilitate temperature control, it is preferable to have a spare tank or tank.
- the waste liquid from the pickling process is filtered to remove the solid matter from the waste liquid, and then discharged into the waste liquid storage tank or the liquid storage tank, and stirred evenly for use in the next batch.
- the pickling of the skin, the amount of salt added during the pickling process is zero, and a small amount (0%-5%) of salt or other substance that inhibits the acid swelling may be added.
- the process of pickling with waste liquid is: 3%-100% waste sputum based on the weight of the gray ash, and the pH of the waste liquid is adjusted to 0. 3-5. 0, 0%-0.3% special Formulation, 0%-5% salt, 0.05%-0.3% anti-mold agent, 5-30 minutes; 0%-2.0% formic acid or acetic acid or other organic acid, 5-40 minutes; 0%-3.5% sulfuric acid or Hydrochloric acid or other inorganic acid, divided into two to ten times, each interval of 5-15 minutes, 40-120 minutes; 0%-1.0% fatliquor, about 30 minutes, 0.5-2 hours; can also be adjusted
- the process is: 0%-5% salt, 0.05%-0.3% anti-mold agent, 5-30 minutes; 0%-2.0% formic acid or acetic acid or other organic acid, 5-20 minutes; 0.5%-2.0% sulfuric acid Or hydrochloric acid or other inorganic acid, 3%-100% waste mash, 0%-0.3% special preparation, transfer 70-120
- test results determine the amount of strontium powder added and adjust the pH value of the waste liquid.
- the amount of microorganisms in the waste liquid should also be regularly checked. Generally, the test is repeated three to five times. The number of molds is mainly detected, and the number of molds is determined according to the test results.
- Dyeing process waste liquid recycling A plurality of waste liquid storage tanks or liquid storage tanks are arranged beside the dyeing drum, different liquid pools or liquid storage tanks are used for different colors, and waste liquid from the dyeing process is filtered. After the solid matter in the waste liquid is discharged into the corresponding color liquid storage tank or liquid storage tank, it is evenly mixed for use in the dyeing of the next batch of shaved leather; the dyeing waste liquid is dyed by the weight of shaving leather, 3 %-200% dyeing waste liquid, 0%-0. 3% special preparation, the temperature is adjusted to 30 ° C, 0. 5% - 5. 0% acrylic retanning agent, 15 - 40 minutes; 0. 5% - 6. 0% lycopene retanning agent, 0.
- each of the liquid storage tanks or the liquid storage tanks is equipped with a stirring device (the individual pools or tanks can also be manually stirred); the skin is pre-soaked and limed, and the meat and skin are removed, and the meat and skin are removed.
- the raw waste liquid is separately collected into the corresponding pre-soaked water and ash waste liquid storage tank or liquid storage tank for recycling.
- the skin treated by pre-soaking, main immersion, liming, ash, deliming, pickling, retanning, neutralization and dyeing processes is free of conventional washing steps, water washing, and washing waste 5 ⁇
- the pH is adjusted to 5-11. 5 when the pH is adjusted to 5-11.
- the initial waste liquid used in the present invention is derived from the traditional pre-immersion water, main immersion water, ash ash, ash ash, deliming softening, pickling sputum, retanning, neutralization and dyeing process, and the composition of various waste liquids.
- main immersion waste liquid contains water soaked NaC Na 2 C0 3 , degreaser, oil and its decomposition products, hair, keratin, mucin, meat, blood Etc., in which, in general, the residual degreasing agent content in the waste liquid is usually 15%-30% of the initial amount, and the residual water immersion agent content in the waste liquid is usually 15%-25% of the initial amount, and the residue in the waste liquid ⁇ 2 (0 3 content is usually 30%-50% of the initial amount; ash, fly ash waste liquid contains oil and its decomposition products, salt, lime, liming agent, S 2 -, 0H -, Na ⁇ Ca 2+ , protein and its decomposition products, enzymes and amines, etc., in which, in general, the residual lime in the waste liquid is usually 37%-55% of the initial amount, and the residual Na in the ash waste liquid 2 ⁇ 2.
- the retanning waste liquid contains Na + , Cr 3+ and organic bismuth agents; the neutralization waste liquid contains neutral salts; etc.; in the dyeing process, chemical materials such as fatliquors, dyes and organic dyeing agents are used, Part of it is absorbed, and most of it enters the wastewater. These contaminants are all macromolecular organics with high concentrations but very slow biodegradation. If any of the above waste liquids are discharged arbitrarily, it will not only cause great pollution to the environment, but also cause great waste of resources.
- the pre-immersion water, the main immersion water and the liming process can adopt the same rotating drum, and a pre-immersion water, a main immersion water and a ash ash liquid storage tank or a liquid storage tank are respectively arranged beside the rotating drum, and the rotating drum is controlled by a valve.
- a valve 1 is arranged on the rotating drum for discharging the pre-dip water waste liquid To the pre-soaked waste liquid storage tank or the liquid storage tank, and at the same time, a valve 2 is arranged on the rotating drum for discharging the main immersion water waste liquid into the main immersion liquid waste liquid storage tank or the liquid storage tank, and at the same time, on the rotating drum
- the valve 3 is arranged to discharge the ash waste liquid to the ash waste liquid storage tank or the liquid storage tank; when the pre-dip water waste liquid is discharged, the valve 1 is opened, the valves 2, 3 are closed, and the waste liquid is discharged to the pre-distribution pipeline Immersion waste liquid storage tank or liquid storage tank; When discharging the main immersion water waste liquid, the valve 2 is opened, the valves 1, 3 are closed, and the waste liquid is discharged to the main immersion waste liquid storage tank or the liquid storage tank
- the same detonating drum can be used for the deliming softening and pickling process.
- the deashing softening and pickling waste liquid storage tank or liquid storage tank are respectively arranged beside the rotating drum, and the valve is controlled to rotate.
- the drum discharges waste liquid to each liquid storage tank or liquid storage tank; specifically, when the deashing softening and the pickling are used together with a rotating drum, a valve 4 is disposed on the rotating drum for softening and deashing The liquid is discharged to the deashing and softening waste liquid storage tank or the liquid storage tank, and at the same time, a valve 5 is arranged on the rotating drum for discharging the pickling waste liquid to the pickling waste liquid storage tank or the liquid storage tank .
- the valve 4 When the deashing and softening waste liquid is discharged, the valve 4 is opened, the valve 5 is closed, and the waste liquid is discharged to the deashing and softening waste liquid storage tank or the liquid storage tank through the branching pipe; when the acid pickling waste liquid is discharged, the valve 4 is closed, the valve is closed 5 Open, the waste liquid is discharged to the pickling waste liquid storage tank or liquid storage tank through the diverting pipe.
- the same drum can be used for the retanning, neutralization and dyeing processes, and retanning, neutralization and dyeing waste liquid storage tanks or liquid storage tanks are respectively arranged beside the drum, and the drums are controlled by valves.
- the liquid storage tank or the liquid storage tank discharges waste liquid.
- a valve 6 is disposed on the drum for discharging the retort waste liquid to the retort waste liquid storage tank or the liquid storage tank
- a valve 7 is disposed on the drum for discharging the neutralized waste liquid to the neutralizing waste liquid storage tank or the liquid storage tank
- a valve 8 is disposed on the rotating drum for discharging the dyeing waste liquid to the dyeing waste liquid Reservoir or reservoir.
- the valve 6 When the retort waste liquid is discharged, the valve 6 is opened, the valves 7, 8 are closed, and the waste liquid is discharged to the retort waste liquid storage tank or the liquid storage tank through the branch pipe; when the waste liquid is discharged, the valve 7 is opened, the valve 6, 8 is closed, the waste liquid is discharged to the neutralizing waste liquid storage tank or the liquid storage tank through the diverting pipe; when the dyeing waste liquid is discharged, the valves 6, 7 are closed, the valve 8 is opened, and the waste liquid is discharged to the dyeing waste liquid storage through the diverting pipe. Pool or liquid storage tank.
- the process of circulating the fully enclosed waste liquid for pre-soaking, main immersion, ash, ash, deliming, pickling, retanning, neutralization and dyeing the waste liquid can be cleaned regularly according to the viscosity of the waste liquid in each waste liquid storage tank or liquid storage tank, the solid matter is removed, and it is periodically disinfected, and the microorganisms and proteases in the waste liquid are periodically detected.
- the pH, strontium ions, calcium ions, sulfides and other related components, the waste liquid continues to be recycled.
- the waste liquid is cleaned by pressure filtration, and the waste solid separated by pressure filtration is used for filling or brick making or other purposes, and the separated waste liquid is collected into each waste liquid storage tank or stored.
- the tank is ready for recycling.
- the cycle of cleaning the waste liquid is longer than the conventional treatment method, and the treatment is easier.
- the invention realizes the recycling and recycling of the waste liquid from the pre-immersion water to the dyeing process in the tanning, and can be repeatedly recycled and reused, and almost no sewage is discharged, completely solving the problem of tanning pollution, especially It is the use of waste sputum, the late rehydration temperature is less than the conventional process; c-i5 °c, saving energy.
- the waste water recycling process can be applied to the existing large-scale production process of the tannery with little or no change, and the performance indexes of the finished leather produced meet the requirements, and the rate of the finished leather is effectively reduced. Improve the firmness and fullness of the leather. Compared with the traditional process, the process and equipment are more simplified, and the material can be saved by 15%-55%, such as saving 35%-65% of the powder, and the partial material can achieve more than 90% savings. Individual chemicals such as salt can be used. Achieve 100% savings.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of a novel tanning process in which a process and apparatus are more simplified in accordance with the present invention. Note: The disposal of the waste liquid can be carried out in a liquid storage tank or a liquid storage tank or in a rotating drum. Specific actual 1 ⁇ 2 ⁇
- the waste liquid is filtered to remove the solid matter, discharged into the pre-dip water waste liquid storage tank, stirred uniformly, and then discharged by the alkali-resistant pump into the pre-soaked water.
- the drum the pre-soaked water using the pre-soaked water waste liquid is: 200% pre-soaked water waste liquid, 0.15% special preparation, 0.25% fungicide, 15 minutes; 0. 35% water immersion Additive, 0. 2% degreaser, 0.2% soda ash, 20 minutes/stop for 40 minutes, transfer combined for 4 times; pre-soaked water to discharge waste water into the reservoir; remove the fur, then carry out the main immersion ;
- the main immersion waste liquid is filtered to remove the solid matter, discharged into the main immersion waste liquid storage tank, stirred uniformly, and then discharged by the alkali-resistant pump to the main immersion drum, and the main immersion waste liquid is used for main immersion
- the process is: based on the weight of the original skin, 200% of the main immersion water effluent, 0. 15% special preparation, 0. 7% immersion aid, 0. 3% degreaser, 0. 5% soda ash, 0. l% Na 2 S, turn 40 minutes / stop for 40 minutes, turn Stop the combination for 3 times; 0. 3% bactericide, transfer for 20 minutes, then every 3 minutes / stop for 57 minutes, overnight; the next day for 40 minutes; the main immersion water is discharged into the reservoir;
- the ash ash waste liquid is filtered out and discharged into the ash effluent liquid storage tank, stirred uniformly, and then discharged by the alkali-resistant pump to the immersion drum, and the ash ash is immersed.
- the process is: based on the weight of the original skin, 70% waste ash, 0.15% special preparation, 1. 0% ash auxiliaries, 0. 15% NaHS, 30 minutes; 1. 2% lime, 30 minutes / Stop for 30 minutes; 0. 5% NaHS, turn 20 minutes / stop for 20 minutes; start filter; 0. 5% Na 2 S, 0. 8% lime, 0.1% degreaser, turn 20 minutes / stop 30 minutes , transfer stop combined 3 times; 20% waste ash, 0. 15% special preparation, 0.
- the ash waste liquid is filtered to remove the solid matter, discharged into the ash waste liquid storage tank, stirred uniformly, and then discharged by the alkali-resistant pump to the immersion drum, and the ash waste liquid is used for the ash.
- the process is: 100% complex ash waste, 0. 15% special preparation, 0. 8% lime, 0.2% sodium sulfide, 0.4% ash auxiliaries, 0. 10% NaOH , transfer for 30 minutes / stop for 40 minutes, then every 5 minutes / stop for 55 minutes, transfer and combine 6 times, overnight; waste ash to discharge wastewater into the reservoir;
- the deashing and softening waste liquid is filtered to remove the solid matter, and then discharged into the deliming and softening waste liquid storage tank, and then discharged by the acid and alkali resistant pump to the deashing and softening rotating drum, and the waste liquid is used for deashing.
- the process of softening is: 100% deashing and softening waste liquid, 0. 15% special preparation, 0.2% degreasing agent, 0.6% deashing agent, 1. 2% ammonium sulfate, 0.2% hydrochloric acid, 0. 3% acetic acid, for 40 minutes; 0. 25% softening enzyme, for 30 minutes; deashing and softening, the waste water is discharged into the reservoir;
- the waste liquid is filtered to remove the solid matter, discharged into the liquid storage tank, and adjusted with sulfuric acid.
- the pH value is 0.7, and the mixture is evenly stirred. Then, it is pumped out by the acid-proof pump and discharged into the tamping drum.
- the leaching solution is used for pickling bismuth. The amount of salt added during the pickling process is zero.
- the retort waste liquid is filtered to remove the solid matter, discharged into the retort waste liquid storage tank, stirred uniformly, and then discharged by the acid-proof pump to the retort drum, and the retanning process is performed by using the retanning waste liquid.
- YES Adjust the pH of the retanning waste liquid to 2.5, 150% retanning waste liquid by using sulfuric acid, 0.
- the neutralized waste liquid is filtered to remove the solid matter, discharged into the neutralization waste liquid storage tank, stirred uniformly, and then discharged by the acid-proof pump to the neutralization drum, and neutralized by the neutralization waste liquid.
- the dyeing waste liquid is filtered to remove the solid matter, discharged into the same color dyeing waste liquid storage tank, stirred uniformly, and then discharged by the acid-proof pump to the dyeing drum, and the dyeing waste liquid is used for dyeing: 80 % dyeing waste liquid, 0. 15% special preparation, temperature adjusted to 30 °C, 2. 5% acrylic retanning agent, 20 minutes; 4. 0% melamine retanning agent, 1. 5% wattle Pipa gum, 2. 0% sulfite Oil, 40 minutes; 2. 0% dye, 1. 5% composite fatliquor, for 60 minutes, requirements: incision through the heart; dyeing end of the wastewater into the same color reservoir;
- the above-mentioned pre-soaked water, main immersion water, liming ash, ash ash, deliming softening, pickling sputum, retanning, neutralization and dyeing process are periodically subjected to pressure filtration treatment, and the waste liquid obtained by pressure filtration is recycled.
- the corresponding waste liquid pool is continuously recycled, and the waste solid obtained by pressure filtration is used for filling pits or the like.
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Abstract
一种制革工艺,其特征在于在预浸水、主浸水、浸灰、复灰、脱灰软化、浸酸铬鞣、复鞣、中和及染色工序中分步进行废液循环再利用,上述所有工序的废液均实现全封闭循环再利用。该工艺实现了从预浸水到染色的废水循环再利用,减少了污水的排放。
Description
说 明 书 一种制革工艺
技术领域
本发明涉及制革行业废水循环再利用领域。
背景技术
在制革过程中, 采用大量化工原料, 如酸、 碱、 盐、 硫化物、 石灰、辂 鞣剂、 加脂剂、染料等, 其中有相当一部分进入废水之中。 制革废水主要来 自于准备、鞣制和其他湿加工工段。从预浸水到染色的生产工序的排污量占 整个制革过程中总排污量的 90%以上, 其水质特点是含有大量成分复杂且 有毒、有害物质。其中含有大量的石灰、盐类、油脂、氨氮化合物、蛋白质、 硫化物、 辂盐、 染料、 毛类、 皮渣、 泥沙等, 且 COD、 BOD非常高。 其污 染物种类繁多, 成分复杂, 水质水量变化系数大且有恶臭现象, 是较难治理 的工业废水。
随着环保技术设备的发展, 目前制革废水已经形成比较成熟的处理工艺 (见下表)。 但其运行过程往往花费高、 效率低、 效果差无法达到真正的治污 目的。
工艺名称 技术优势 技术缺陷
传统活性污泥法 该法对 BOD5去除率在 90 对需处理污水水质要求高,
%以上, COD在 60 %〜 不适应冲击负荷, 需要高的 80%间,色度在 50%〜90 动力和基建费用; 占地面积 %间, S在 85 %〜98 %间。 也大,一般的企业难以承受; 同时对废水中的氨氮处理效
果不佳。
生物接触氧化法 对有机物去除率 BOD5在 容易产生堵塞, 维护也比较
95%左右, COD在 92% 困难。 一旦出现问题, *** 左右, S在 98%左右。 就得停止运行才能进行维 护。
氧化沟 对 BOD5去除率在 95%以 处理效果不稳定, 比较适宜 上, 于温度较高的南方, 对于北
S在 99%〜100%, 方, 冬季运行可能有问题。
SS在 75%左右
双层生物滤池 对 SS去除率在 95%, 需要确定合适的回流比、 选
BOD5在 98 %, COD在 择合适的滤料, 运行费用比 90%, Cr (III)在 96%以 较大。
上, S在 96%。
SBR法 SBR工艺对 COD、 S2 、 运行费用比较大, 规模较小
SS、 Cr的去除率分别为 效率较低,维护也比较困难。
93.3% > 99.0% > 90.3% >
99.4%。
在我们之前也有人对制革废水进行了循环再利用, 但只是简单地对某 一工序的废水进行了循环再利用, 这样对污水排放量的减少、 化料的节约、 生产成本的降低等都非常有限。 若想实现从预浸水到染色所有工序的废水 一次性全部回收利用, 却是一个极其复杂难解决的问题, 并经常伴随以下 问题的出现:灰皮增重率、蓝皮得革率均下降 1.5%-3.5%,收缩温度下降 1.5 °C-3.5°C, 还会使蓝皮粒面受损, 粒面***, 颜色变深, 甚至产生 "毛面"
现象, 致使成革某些性能指标达不到要求。
发明内容
本发明的目的: 实现从预浸水到染色所有工序的废水循环再利用, 特 别是浸灰和辂鞣工段, 废液可以反复循环再利用, 除去自然状态下的正常 挥发和不可避免的撒漏外, 废水的回收率可达到 100%, 彻底解决了制革污 水排放的难题, 而且此技术工艺和设备更加简化, 适用于制革厂现有大生 产工艺流程。 由此生产的成品革各项性能指标均达要求, 并有效降低了成 革松面率, 提高了成革的紧实度、 丰满度, 并可实现节约化料 15%-55%,如 节约辂粉 35%-65%, 部分化料可实现节约 90%以上, 个别化料如食盐可实现 节约 100%。
本发明的技术方案如下:
一种工艺及设备更加简化的新型制革工艺, 其特征在于在预浸水、 主 浸水、 浸灰、 复灰、 脱灰软化、 浸酸辂鞣、 复鞣、 中和、 染色工序中分步 进行废液循环再利用, 各工序产生的废液可以不加特殊制剂处理, 也可加 入某种特殊制剂, 加入量为 0%-0. 3% (以废液量为基数), 上述工序全部实 现全封闭循环, 包括如下步骤:
( 1 ) 预浸水工序的废液循环再利用: 在预浸水转鼓旁设置预浸水废液 储液池或储液罐, 来自预浸水工序的废液滤去废液中固形物后排入预浸水 废液储液池或储液罐, 搅拌均匀,以备用于下批皮的预浸水; 利用预浸水废 液进行预浸水的工艺是: 以原皮重量计, 5%-300%预浸水废液, 0%-0. 3%特 殊制剂, 0. 2%-0. 4%杀菌剂,转 5-20分钟; 0. 1%-0. 8%浸水助剂, 0. 1%- 1. 0% 脱脂剂, 0. 05%-0. 5%纯碱,转 10-60分钟 /停 20-60分钟,转停结合进行 2-8 次; 预浸水结束废液排入储液池或储液罐, 应定期检测废液中的微生物数
量, 一般每循环二至三次检测一次;
( 2 ) 主浸水工序的废液循环再利用: 在主浸水转鼓旁设置主浸水废液 储液池或储液罐, 来自主浸水工序的废液滤去废液中固形物后排入主浸水 废液储液池或储液罐, 搅拌均匀,以备用于下批皮的主浸水; 利用主浸水废 液进行主浸水的工艺是: 以原皮重量计, 5%-300%主浸水废液, 0%-0. 3%特 殊制剂, 0. 1%-1. 0%浸水助剂, 0. 1%-0. 8%脱脂剂, 0. 1%-1. 0%纯碱, 0. 05%- 0. 3% Na2S, 转 30-80分钟 /停 10-50分钟, 转停结合进行 1-4次; 0. 1%-0. 4%杀菌剂, 转 5-20分钟, 然后每转 3-10分钟 /停 40-70分钟, 过 夜; 次日连续转 10-50分钟; 主浸水结束废液排入储液池或储液罐, 应定 期检测废液中的微生物数量, 一般每循环二至三次检测一次;
( 3 ) 浸灰工序的废液循环再利用: 在浸灰转鼓旁设置浸灰废液储液池 或储液罐, 来自浸灰工序的浸灰废液滤去废液中固形物后排入浸灰废液储 液池或储液罐, 搅拌均匀, 以备用于下批皮的浸灰; 利用浸灰废液进行浸 灰的工艺是: 以原皮重量计, 3%-200%废灰液, 0%-0. 3%特殊制剂, 0. 2%-2. 0% 浸灰助剂, 0. 05%- 1. 5% NaHS , 转 20-40分钟; 0. 3%_2. 5%石灰, 转 20- 40 分钟 /停 20-40分钟; 0. 05%- 1. 5% NaHS, 转 10-30分钟 /停 10-30分钟; 开 始滤毛; 0. 05%- 1. 5%Na2S, 0. 3%_2. 0%石灰, 0. 05%_0. 5%脱脂剂, 转 10- 20 分钟 /停 20-30分钟, 转停结合 2-4次; 3%-200%废灰液, 0%_0. 3%特殊制剂, 0. 5%Na2S, 0. 2%-2. 0%浸灰助剂, 0. 3%_2. 0%石灰, 0%_0. 2%浸灰酶, 转 10-30分钟 /停 10-30分钟, 转停结合 1-3次, 然后转 10-20分钟 /停 10-30 分钟, 转停结合进行 5-7次; 3%-200%废灰液, 0%-0. 3%特殊制剂, 转 10-30 分钟, 然后每转 5-10分钟 /停 40-60分钟, 过夜; 浸灰结束废液排入储液 池或储液罐, 每次使用前均需化验废灰液中硫化碱、 Ca2+等含量, 在浸灰过
程中, 视毛根脱落程度及时利用滤毛机滤毛;
( 4 ) 复灰工序的废液循环再利用: 在复灰转鼓旁设置复灰废液储液池 或储液罐, 来自复灰工序的废液滤去废液中固形物后排入复灰废液储液池 或储液罐, 搅拌均匀, 以备用于下批皮的复灰; 利用复灰废液进行复灰的 工艺是: 以原皮重量计, 3%-220%复灰废液, 0%-0. 3%特殊制剂, 0. 2%-1. 5% 石灰, 0. 05%- 1. 0% Na2S或 NaHS, 0. 1%- 0. 7%浸灰助剂, 0. 05%- 0. 3%NaOH, 转 20-40分钟 /停 30-60分钟, 然后转 5-20分钟 /停 30-60分钟, 转停结合进 行 3-8次, 过夜或直接出鼓; 复灰结束废液排入储液池或储液罐;
( 5 ) 脱灰软化工序的废液循环再利用: 在脱灰软化转鼓旁设置脱灰软 化废液储液池或储液罐, 来自脱灰软化工序的废液滤去废液中固形物后排 入脱灰软化废液储液池或储液罐, 搅拌均匀, 以备用于下批皮的脱灰软化; 利用脱灰软化废液进行脱灰软化的工艺是: 以灰皮重量计, 3%-220%脱灰软 化废液, 0%-0. 3%特殊制剂, 0. 05%-0. 45%脱脂剂, 0. 2%-1. 5%脱灰剂, 0. 2%-1. 5%硫酸铵, 0. 05%- 0. 5%盐酸, 0. 1%- 0. 5%醋酸,转 15-60分钟; 0-0. 3% 软化酶, 转 15-40分钟; 脱灰软化结束废水排入储液池或储液罐, 每循环 一次都应检测废液中的蛋白酶及微生物数量, 蛋白酶检测最好使用液质联 用仪, 亦可使用光电比色法, 根据检测结果确定应加入的软化酶数量以及 是否需要加入防腐剂;
( 6 ) 浸酸辂鞣工序的废液循环再利用: 在浸酸辂鞣转鼓旁设置浸酸辂 鞣废液储液池或储液罐, 储液池最好深至地下 2-8米以利于控温, 最好有 备用池或罐, 来自浸酸辂鞣工序的废液滤去废液中固形物后排入废液储液 池或储液罐, 搅拌均匀, 以备用于下批皮的浸酸辂鞣, 浸酸过程中盐的加 入量为零, 亦可加入少量 (0%-5%) 食盐或其它有抑制酸肿作用的物质, 利
用辂鞣废液进行浸酸的工艺是: 以灰皮重量计, 3%-100%废辂液, 用酸调 节废液的 pH值至 0. 3-5. 0, 0%-0.3%特殊制剂, 0%-5%盐, 0.05%-0.3%防 霉剂, 转 5-30分钟; 0%-2.0%甲酸或醋酸或其它有机酸, 转 5-40分钟; 0%-3.5%硫酸或盐酸或其它无机酸, 平分二至十次加入, 每次间隔 5-15分 钟, 转 40-120分钟; 0%-1.0%加脂剂, 转 30分钟左右,停 0.5-2小时; 亦可 调整工艺为: 0%-5%盐, 0.05%-0.3%防霉剂, 转 5-30分钟; 0%-2.0%甲酸 或醋酸或其它有机酸, 转 5-20分钟; 0.5%-2.0%硫酸或盐酸或其它无机酸, 3%-100%废辂液, 0%-0.3%特殊制剂, 转 70-120分钟; 然后进行辂鞣, 工 艺是: 0·5%-2%辂粉, 转 10-40分钟; 0.5%-3.5%辂粉, 转 30-90分钟; 0.2%-1.2%甲酸钠或其它盐类, 转 30分钟左右; 0.10%-0.55%提碱剂, 转 2.0-4.5小时; 20%-80%废辂液, 0%-0.3%特殊制剂, 鼓内升温至 28°C-42°C, 将废辂液加温后再加入转鼓或先将废辂液加入转鼓中再整体升温均可, 转 2-4小时; 辂鞣结束废液排入储液池或储液罐, 应每次化验废液中辂含量及 pH值, 根据化验结果确定辂粉的加入量和调废液 pH值时加酸量, 还应定期 检测废液中的微生物数量, 一般循环三至五次检测一次, 主要检测霉菌数 量, 根据检测结果确定防霉剂的用量;
( 7 ) 复鞣工序的废液循环再利用: 在复鞣转鼓旁设置复鞣废液储液池 或储液罐, 来自复鞣工序的废液滤去废液中固形物后排入复鞣废液储液池 或储液罐, 搅拌均匀, 以备用于下批削匀革的复鞣; 利用复鞣废液进行复 鞣的工艺是: 以削匀革重量计, 用盐酸或硫酸或其它酸类物质将复鞣废液 的 pH值调至 0. 7-3. 5, 3%-250%复鞣废液, 0%-0.3%特殊制剂, 温度调至 32 V-42V , 0.1%-0.5%甲酸或醋酸, 转 20-50分钟; 0.5%-2.5%丙烯酸复鞣剂 或其它复鞣剂,转 10-40分钟; 0.5%-2.0%辂粉, 0.1%-0.6%加脂齐 ^,转 30-90
分钟; 0.5%-1.5%脂肪醛, 转 20-50分钟; 0.3%-1.0%甲酸钠或醋酸钠, 0.1%-0.5%小苏打, 转 30-90分钟, 然后转 10分钟 /停 50分钟, 转停结合进 行 3-8次, 或停鼓过夜, pH值要求 2.8-4.8; 复鞣结束废液排入储液池或储 液罐, 应定期化验废液中辂含量及 pH值, 定期检测废液中的微生物数量, 一般循环三至五次检测一次;
( 8 ) 中和工序的废液循环再利用: 在中和转鼓旁设置中和废液储液池 或储液罐, 来自中和工序的废液滤去废液中固形物后排入中和废液储液池 或储液罐, 搅拌均匀, 以备用于下批削匀革的中和; 利用中和废液进行中 和的工艺是: 以削匀革重量计, 3%-250%中和废液, 0%-0.3%特殊制剂,温 度调至 32°C-35°C, 1.0%-4.0%中和单宁, 0.5%-3.5%甲酸钠, 转 20-40分钟; 0.2%-2.0%小苏打, 0.5%-5.0%加脂齐^转 30-60分钟,要求: pH值 4.0-6.5, 切口透心; 中和结束废液排入储液池或储液罐;
(9 ) 染色工序废液循环再利用: 在染色转鼓旁设置多个废液储液池或 储液罐, 不同色泽采用不同的储液池或储液罐, 来自染色工序的废液滤去 废液中固形物后排入相应色泽储液池或储液罐, 搅拌均匀, 以备用于下批 削匀革的染色;利用染色废液进行染色的工艺是:以削匀革重量计, 3%-200% 染色废液, 0%-0. 3%特殊制剂, 温度调至 30°C, 0. 5%-5. 0%丙烯酸复鞣剂, 转 15 -40分钟; 0. 5%-6. 0%双聚氰胺复鞣剂, 0. 5%-5. 0%荆树皮栲胶, 0. 5%-4. 0%亚硫酸化植物油, 转 30 -60分钟; 0. 5%-4. 0%染料, 0. 5%-5. 0% 复合型加脂剂, 转 40 -80分钟, 要求: 切口透心; 染色结束废液排入同一 色泽储液池或储液罐。
上述工艺中, 每个储液池或储液罐都装有搅拌装置 (个别池或罐亦可 人工搅拌); 经预浸水及浸灰后的皮进行去肉及片皮, 去肉和片皮过程中产
生的废液分别收集入相应预浸水和浸灰废液储液池或储液罐以备循环再利 用。 经预浸水、 主浸水、 浸灰、 复灰、 脱灰软化、 浸酸辂鞣、 复鞣、 中和 及染色工序处理后的皮免去常规水洗步骤, 亦可进行水洗, 并将水洗废液 进行循环再利用, 当循环利用灰皮的水洗废液时应加入酸类物质将其 pH值 调至 5-11. 5之间。
本发明所使用的初始废液分别来自于传统的预浸水、 主浸水、 浸灰、 复灰、 脱灰软化、 浸酸辂鞣、 复鞣、 中和及染色工序, 各种废液的构成情 况是本领域技术人员已知的; 一般来说, 预浸水、 主浸水废液中含有浸水 齐 NaC Na2C03、 脱脂剂、 油脂及其分解产物、 毛、 角蛋白质、 粘蛋白、 肉、 血等, 其中, 一般情况下, 废液中残留的脱脂剂含量通常为初始用量 的 15%-30%, 废液中残留的浸水剂含量通常为初始用量的 15%-25%, 废液中 残留的 ^2( 03含量通常为初始用量的 30%-50%; 浸灰、 复灰废液中含有油脂 及其分解产物、 盐类、 石灰、 浸灰剂、 S2—、 0H―、 Na\ Ca2+、 蛋白质及其分 解产物、 酶类及胺类物质等, 其中, 一般情况下, 废液中残留的石灰通常 为初始用量的 37%-55%,浸灰废液中残留的 Na2S含量通常为 2. 4g/l_3. 2g/l ; 脱灰软化废液中含有蛋白质及其分解产物、 脱灰剂、 脱脂剂、 油脂及其分 解产物、 酶类及铵盐、 胺类物质等, 其中废液中残留的酶含量通常为初始 用量的 30%-50%, 废液中残留的铵盐含量通常为初始用量的 30%-40%; 辂鞣 废液中含有 Cr3+、 Cl—、 SO/—、 蛋白质及其分解产物、 油脂及其分解产物等, 其中废液中残留的 Cr3+通常为 2. 8g/l-3. 2g/l, CI—通常为 7g/l_15g/l, 废液 中残留的酸根含量通常为初始用量的 30%-45%; 复鞣废液中含有 Na+、 Cr3+ 及有机鞣剂等; 中和废液中含有中性盐等; 在染色工序中使用了加脂剂、 染料及有机助染剂等化工材料, 除一部分被吸收外, 绝大部分进入废水中,
这些污染物都属于大分子有机物, 浓度高, 但生物降解速度很慢。 以上各 种废液如果任意排放, 不仅对环境造成极大的污染, 而且会产生极大的资 源浪费。
优选地, 预浸水、 主浸水和浸灰工序可以采用同一个转鼓, 在转鼓旁 分别设置预浸水、 主浸水和浸灰废液储液池或储液罐, 以阀门的方式控制 转鼓向各储液池或储液罐进行废液排放; 具体来说, 当预浸水、 主浸水和 浸灰同用一个转鼓时, 在转鼓上设置阀门 1, 用于将预浸水废液排放到预浸 水废液储液池或储液罐, 同时, 在转鼓上设置阀门 2, 用于将主浸水废液排 放到主浸水废液储液池或储液罐, 同时, 在转鼓上设置阀门 3, 用于将浸灰 废液排放到浸灰废液储液池或储液罐; 排放预浸水废液时, 阀门 1打开, 阀门 2、 3关闭, 废液经分流管道排放到预浸水废液储液池或储液罐; 排放 主浸水废液时, 阀门 2打开, 阀门 1、 3关闭, 废液经分流管道排放到主浸 水废液储液池或储液罐; 排放浸灰废液时, 阀门 1、 2关闭, 阀门 3打开, 废液经分流管道排放到浸灰废液储液池或储液罐。
类似地, 脱灰软化和浸酸辂鞣工序也可以采用同一个转鼓, 在转鼓旁 分别设置脱灰软化和浸酸辂鞣废液储液池或储液罐, 以阀门的方式控制转 鼓向各储液池或储液罐进行废液排放; 具体来说, 当脱灰软化和浸酸辂鞣 同用一个转鼓时,在转鼓上设置阀门 4, 用于将脱灰软化废液排放到脱灰软 化废液储液池或储液罐, 同时, 在转鼓上设置阀门 5, 用于将浸酸辂鞣废液 排放到浸酸辂鞣废液储液池或储液罐。 排放脱灰软化废液时, 阀门 4打开, 阀门 5关闭, 废液经分流管道排放到脱灰软化废液储液池或储液罐; 排放 浸酸辂鞣废液时, 阀门 4关闭, 阀门 5打开, 废液经分流管道排放到浸酸 辂鞣废液储液池或储液罐。
类似地, 复鞣、 中和及染色工序可以采用同一个转鼓, 在转鼓旁分别 设置复鞣、 中和及染色废液储液池或储液罐, 以阀门的方式控制转鼓向各 储液池或储液罐进行废液排放。 具体来说, 当复鞣、 中和及染色同用一个 转鼓时, 在转鼓上设置阀门 6, 用于将复鞣废液排放到复鞣废液储液池或储 液罐, 同时, 在转鼓上设置阀门 7, 用于将中和废液排放到中和废液储液池 或储液罐, 同时, 在转鼓上设置阀门 8, 用于将染色废液排放到染色废液储 液池或储液罐。 排放复鞣废液时, 阀门 6打开, 阀门 7、 8关闭, 废液经分 流管道排放到复鞣废液储液池或储液罐; 排放中和废液时, 阀门 7打开, 阀门 6、 8关闭, 废液经分流管道排放到中和废液储液池或储液罐; 排放染 色废液时, 阀门 6、 7关闭, 阀门 8打开, 废液经分流管道排放到染色废液 储液池或储液罐。
在本发明的废液循环再利用过程中, 对于预浸水、 主浸水、 浸灰、 复 灰、 脱灰软化、 浸酸辂鞣、 复鞣、 中和及染色这些全封闭废液循环的工序 而言, 可以根据各废液储液池或储液罐中废液的粘稠程度定期对废液进行 清洁化处理, 除去其中的固体物, 并定期消毒, 定期检测废液中的微生物、 蛋白酶、 pH值、 辂离子、 钙离子、 硫化物及其它相关成份, 废液继续循环 再利用。 例如, 用压滤的方式对废液进行清洁化处理, 经压滤分离出的废 固物用于填坑或制砖或其它用途, 分离出的废液收集入各废液储液池或储 液罐以备循环再利用。 对废液清洁化处理的周期较传统处理方法长, 且处 理更简易。
本发明具有如下有益效果:
本发明实现了制革中从预浸水到染色各工序的废液循环再利用, 而且 可以反复循环再利用, 几乎不排放污水, 彻底解决了制革污染难题, 特别
是利用废辂液, 后期的补液升温比常规工艺少; c-i5°c, 节省了能源。 该 废水循环工艺稍加变动后或不加变动均可适用于制革厂现有大生产工艺流 程, 由此生产的成品革各项性能指标均达要求, 并有效降低了成革松面率, 提高了成革的紧实度、 丰满度。 相对于传统工艺而言, 工艺及设备更加简 化, 可实现节约化料 15%-55%, 如节约辂粉 35%-65%, 部分化料可实现节约 90%以上, 个别化料如食盐可实现节约 100%。
附图说明 附图 1是根据本发明的一种工艺及设备更加简化的新型制革工艺的流 程示意图。 注: 废液的处理可在储液池或储液罐内进行也可在转鼓内进行。 具体实 ½^式
下面结合附图 1和实施例对本发明进一步说明:
实施例 1
如附图 1所示, 在预浸水工序中, 原皮进行预浸水后, 废液滤去固形 物后排放到预浸水废液储液池, 搅拌均匀, 然后由耐碱泵抽出排入到预浸 水转鼓, 利用预浸水废液进行预浸水的工艺是: 以原皮重量计, 200%预浸 水废液, 0. 15%特殊制剂, 0. 25%杀菌剂,转 15分钟; 0. 35%浸水助剂, 0. 2% 脱脂剂, 0. 2%纯碱, 转 20分钟 /停 40分钟, 转停结合进行 4次; 预浸水结 束废水排入储液池; 将毛皮去肉, 然后进行主浸水;
在主浸水工序中, 主浸水废液滤去固形物后排入主浸水废液储液池, 搅拌均匀, 然后由耐碱泵抽出排入到主浸水转鼓, 利用主浸水废液进行主 浸水的工艺是: 以原皮重量计, 200%主浸水废液, 0. 15%特殊制剂, 0. 7% 浸水助剂, 0. 3%脱脂剂, 0. 5%纯碱, 0. l% Na2S, 转 40分钟 /停 40分钟,转
停结合进行 3次; 0. 3%杀菌剂, 转 20分钟, 然后每转 3分钟 /停 57分钟, 过夜; 次日连续转 40分钟; 主浸水结束废水排入储液池;
在浸灰工序中, 浸灰废液滤去固形物后排入浸灰废液储液池, 搅拌均 匀, 然后由耐碱泵抽出排入到浸灰转鼓, 利用浸灰废液进行浸灰工艺是: 以原皮重量计, 70%废灰液, 0. 15%特殊制剂, 1. 0%浸灰助剂, 0. 15% NaHS , 转 30分钟; 1. 2%石灰, 转 30分钟 /停 30分钟; 0. 5%NaHS, 转 20分钟 /停 20分钟; 开始滤毛; 0. 5%Na2S, 0. 8%石灰, 0. 1%脱脂剂, 转 20分钟 /停 30 分钟, 转停结合 3次; 20%废灰液, 0. 15%特殊制剂, 0. 5%Na2S, 0. 5%浸灰助 剂, 1. 0%石灰, 转 20分钟 /停 20分钟, 转停结合 2次; 然后转 10分钟 /停 20分钟, 转停结合 6次; 80%废灰液, 0. 15%特殊制剂, 转 10分钟; 然后每 转 5分钟 /停 55分钟, 过夜; 浸灰结束废水排入储液池; 将灰皮进行去肉 片皮, 然后进行复灰;
在复灰工序中, 复灰废液滤去固形物后排入复灰废液储液池, 搅拌均 匀, 然后由耐碱泵抽出排入到浸灰转鼓, 利用复灰废液进行复灰的工艺是: 以原皮重量计, 100%复灰废液, 0. 15%特殊制剂, 0. 8%石灰, 0. 2%硫化 钠, 0. 4%浸灰助剂, 0. 10%NaOH, 转 30分钟 /停 40分钟, 然后每转 5分钟 / 停 55分钟, 转停结合进行 6次, 过夜; 复灰结束废水排入储液池;
在脱灰软化工序中, 脱灰软化废液滤去固形物后排入脱灰软化废液储 液池, 然后由耐酸碱泵抽出排入到脱灰软化转鼓, 利用废液进行脱灰软化 的工艺是: 100%脱灰软化废液, 0. 15%特殊制剂, 0. 2%脱脂剂, 0. 6%脱灰 剂, 1. 2%硫酸铵, 0. 2%盐酸, 0. 3%醋酸, 转 40分钟; 0. 25%软化酶, 转 30 分钟; 脱灰软化结束废水排入储液池;
在浸酸辂鞣工序中, 废辂液滤去固形物后排入到储液池, 用硫酸调其
pH值为 0. 7, 搅拌均匀, 然后由耐酸泵抽出排入到辂鞣转鼓, 利用辂鞣废 液进行浸酸辂鞣,浸酸过程中盐的加入量为零,工艺是: 90%废辂液、 0.15% 特殊制剂, 0.25%防霉剂, 转 10分钟; 0.5%甲酸, 转 20分钟; 0.3%硫酸, 平分三次加入, 每次间隔 10分钟, 然后转 90分钟; 0.2%加脂剂, 转 30分 钟, 停 1.5小时; 1.8%辂粉, 转 30分钟; 2.2%辂粉, 转 1小时; 0.5%甲 酸钠, 转 30分钟; 0.25%提碱剂, 转 4小时; 80%废辂液, 0.15%特殊制剂, 升温至 35 V, 转 3小时; 辂鞣结束废水排入储液池;
在复鞣工序中, 复鞣废液滤去固形物后排入复鞣废液储液池, 搅拌均 匀, 然后由耐酸泵抽出排入到复鞣转鼓, 利用复鞣废液进行复鞣工艺是: 以削匀革重量计,用硫酸将复鞣废液的 pH值调至 2.5, 150%复鞣废液, 0. 15% 特殊制剂, 温度调至 36°C, 0.3%甲酸, 转 30分钟; 1.5%丙烯酸复鞣剂, 转 30分钟; 1.0%辂粉, 0.3%加脂齐 转 60分钟; 1.0%脂肪醛, 转 30分钟; 0.8%甲酸钠, 0.2%小苏打, 转 60分钟, 然后转 10分钟 /停 50分钟, 转停 结合进行 5次, pH值要求 2.8-4.8 ; 复鞣结束废水排入储液池;
在中和工序中, 中和废液滤去固形物后排入中和废液储液池, 搅拌均 匀, 然后由耐酸泵抽出排入到中和转鼓, 利用中和废液进行中和工艺是: 200%中和废液, 0.15%特殊制剂, 温度调至 35 °C, 2.0%中和单宁, 1.5%甲 酸钠, 转 20分钟; 1.2%小苏打, 3.0%加脂剂, 转 60分钟, 要求: pH 值 4.0-6.5, 切口透心; 中和结束废水排入储液池;
在染色工序中, 染色废液滤去固形物后排入同一色泽染色废液储液池, 搅拌均匀, 然后由耐酸泵抽出排入到染色转鼓, 利用染色废液进行染色的 工艺是: 80%染色废液, 0. 15%特殊制剂, 温度调至 30 °C, 2. 5%丙烯酸复鞣 剂, 转 20分钟; 4. 0%双聚氰胺复鞣剂, 1. 5%荆树皮栲胶, 2. 0%亚硫酸化植
物油, 转 40分钟; 2. 0%染料, 1. 5%复合型加脂剂, 转 60分钟, 要求: 切 口透心; 染色结束废水排入同一色泽储液池;
上述预浸水、 主浸水、 浸灰、 复灰、 脱灰软化、 浸酸辂鞣、 复鞣、 中 和及染色工序的循环废液视情况定期进行压滤处理, 压滤得到的废液回收 入相应的废液池继续循环再利用, 压滤得到的废固物用于填坑或其他。
在不脱离本发明精神或实质特点的情况下, 能以其它形式实施本发明, 参照权利要求而非上述说明书, 作为指示本发明的范围。
Claims
1、 一种工艺及设备更加简化的新型制革工艺, 其特征在于在预浸水、 主浸水、 浸灰、 复灰、 脱灰软化、 浸酸辂鞣、 复鞣、 中和、 染色工序中分步进行废液循 环再利用, 各工序产生的废液可以不加特殊制剂处理, 也可加入某种特殊制剂, 加入量为 0%-0. 3% (以废液量为基数), 上述工序全部实现全封闭循环, 包括如 下步骤:
( 1 ) 预浸水工序的废液循环再利用: 在预浸水转鼓旁设置预浸水废液储液 池或储液罐, 来自预浸水工序的废液滤去废液中固形物后排入预浸水废液储液 池或储液罐, 搅拌均匀,以备用于下批皮的预浸水; 利用预浸水废液进行预浸水 的工艺是: 以原皮重量计, 5%-300%预浸水废液, 0%-0. 3%特殊制剂, 0. 2%-0. 4% 杀菌剂, 转 5-20分钟; 0. 1%-0. 8%浸水助剂, 0. 1%-1. 0%脱脂剂, 0. 05%- 0. 5% 纯碱, 转 10-60分钟 /停 20-60分钟, 转停结合进行 2-8次; 预浸水结束废液排 入储液池或储液罐, 应定期检测废液中的微生物数量, 一般每循环二至三次检
( 2 ) 主浸水工序的废液循环再利用: 在主浸水转鼓旁设置主浸水废液储液 池或储液罐, 来自主浸水工序的废液滤去废液中固形物后排入主浸水废液储液 池或储液罐, 搅拌均匀,以备用于下批皮的主浸水; 利用主浸水废液进行主浸水 的工艺是: 以原皮重量计, 5%-300%主浸水废液, 0%-0. 3%特殊制剂, 0. 1%-1. 0% 浸水助剂, 0. 1%-0. 8%脱脂剂, 0. 1%-1. 0%纯碱, 0. 05%- 0. 3% Na2S, 转 30- 80分 钟 /停 10-50分钟, 转停结合进行 1-4次; 0. 1%-0. 4%杀菌剂, 转 5-20分钟, 然后每转 3-10分钟 /停 40-70分钟, 过夜; 次日连续转 10-50分钟; 主浸水结 束废液排入储液池或储液罐, 应定期检测废液中的微生物数量, 一般每循环二 至三次检测一次;
( 3 ) 浸灰工序的废液循环再利用: 在浸灰转鼓旁设置浸灰废液储液池或储 液罐, 来自浸灰工序的浸灰废液滤去废液中固形物后排入浸灰废液储液池或储 液罐, 搅拌均匀, 以备用于下批皮的浸灰; 利用浸灰废液进行浸灰的工艺是: 以原皮重量计, 3%-200%废灰液, 0%-0. 3%特殊制剂, 0. 2%-2. 0%浸灰助剂, 0. 05%- 1. 5% NaHS, 转 20_40分钟; 0. 3%_2. 5%石灰, 转 20_40分钟 /停 20_40分 钟; 0. 05%- 1. 5% NaHS ,转 10_30分钟 /停 10_30分钟;开始滤毛; 0. 05%- 1. 5%Na2S, 0. 3%-2. 0%石灰, 0. 05%-0. 5%脱脂剂, 转 10-20分钟 /停 20-30分钟, 转停结合 2- 4次; 3%_200%废灰液, 0%_0. 3%特殊制剂, 0. 5%Na2S, 0. 2%_2. 0%浸灰助 剂, 0. 3%-2. 0%石灰, 0%-0. 2%浸灰酶, 转 10-30分钟 /停 10-30分钟, 转停结合 1-3次, 然后转 10-20分钟 /停 10-30分钟, 转停结合进行 5-7次; 3%_200%废灰 液, 0%-0. 3%特殊制剂, 转 10-30分钟, 然后每转 5-10分钟 /停 40-60分钟, 过 夜; 浸灰结束废液排入储液池或储液罐, 每次使用前均需化验废灰液中硫化碱、 Ca2+等含量, 在浸灰过程中, 视毛根脱落程度及时利用滤毛机滤毛;
( 4 ) 复灰工序的废液循环再利用: 在复灰转鼓旁设置复灰废液储液池或储 液罐, 来自复灰工序的废液滤去废液中固形物后排入复灰废液储液池或储液罐, 搅拌均匀, 以备用于下批皮的复灰; 利用复灰废液进行复灰的工艺是: 以原皮 重量计, 3%-220%复灰废液, 0%-0. 3%特殊制剂, 0. 2%-1. 5%石灰, 0. 05%- 1. 0% Na2S 或 NaHS, 0. 1%- 0. 7%浸灰助剂, 0. 05%- 0. 3%NaOH, 转 20-40分钟 /停 30-60分钟, 然后转 5-20分钟 /停 30-60分钟, 转停结合进行 3-8次, 过夜或直接出鼓; 复 灰结束废液排入储液池或储液罐;
( 5 ) 脱灰软化工序的废液循环再利用: 在脱灰软化转鼓旁设置脱灰软化废 液储液池或储液罐, 来自脱灰软化工序的废液滤去废液中固形物后排入脱灰软 化废液储液池或储液罐, 搅拌均匀, 以备用于下批皮的脱灰软化; 利用脱灰软
化废液进行脱灰软化的工艺是:以灰皮重量计, 3%-220%脱灰软化废液, 0%-0. 3% 特殊制剂, 0. 05%-0. 45%脱脂剂, 0. 2%-1. 5%脱灰剂, 0. 2%-1. 5%硫酸铵, 0. 05%-0. 5%盐酸, 0. 1%-0. 5%醋酸, 转 15-60分钟; 0_0. 3%软化酶, 转 15- 40分 钟; 脱灰软化结束废水排入储液池或储液罐, 每循环一次都应检测废液中的蛋 白酶及微生物数量, 蛋白酶检测最好使用液质联用仪, 亦可使用光电比色法, 根据检测结果确定应加入的软化酶数量以及是否需要加入防腐剂;
( 6 ) 浸酸辂鞣工序的废液循环再利用: 在浸酸辂鞣转鼓旁设置浸酸辂鞣废 液储液池或储液罐, 储液池最好深至地下 2-8米以利于控温, 最好有备用池或 罐, 来自浸酸辂鞣工序的废液滤去废液中固形物后排入废液储液池或储液罐, 搅拌均匀, 以备用于下批皮的浸酸辂鞣, 浸酸过程中盐的加入量为零, 亦可加 入少量 (0%-5%)食盐或其它有抑制酸肿作用的物质, 利用辂鞣废液进行浸酸的 工艺是: 以灰皮重量计, 3%-100%废辂液, 用酸调节废液的 pH值至 0. 3-5. 0, 0%-0.3%特殊制剂, 0%-5%盐, 0.05%-0.3%防霉剂, 转 5-30分钟; 0%-2.0%甲酸 或醋酸或其它有机酸, 转 5-40分钟; 0%-3.5%硫酸或盐酸或其它无机酸, 平分 二至十次加入, 每次间隔 5-15分钟, 转 40-120分钟; 0%-1.0%加脂剂, 转 30 分钟左右, 停 0.5-2小时; 亦可调整工艺为: 0%-5%盐, 0.05%-0.3%防霉剂, 转 5-30分钟; 0%-2.0%甲酸或醋酸或其它有机酸, 转 5-20分钟; 0.5%-2.0%硫酸 或盐酸或其它无机酸, 3%-100%废辂液, 0%-0.3%特殊制剂, 转 70-120分钟; 然后进行辂鞣,工艺是: 0.5%-2%辂粉,转 10-40分钟; 0.5%-3.5%辂粉,转 30-90 分钟; 0.2%-1.2%甲酸钠或其它盐类, 转 30分钟左右; 0.10%-0.55%提碱齐 ^,转 2.0-4.5小时; 20%-80%废辂液, 0%-0.3%特殊制剂, 鼓内升温至 28°C-42°C (将 废辂液加温后再加入转鼓或先将废辂液加入转鼓中再整体升温均可), 转 2-4小 时; 辂鞣结束废液排入储液池或储液罐, 应每次化验废液中辂含量及 pH值, 根
据化验结果确定辂粉的加入量和调废液 pH值时加酸量, 还应定期检测废液中的 微生物数量, 一般循环三至五次检测一次, 主要检测霉菌数量, 根据检测结果 确定防霉剂的用量;
( 7 ) 复鞣工序的废液循环再利用: 在复鞣转鼓旁设置复鞣废液储液池或储 液罐, 来自复鞣工序的废液滤去废液中固形物后排入复鞣废液储液池或储液罐, 搅拌均匀, 以备用于下批削匀革的复鞣; 利用复鞣废液进行复鞣的工艺是: 以 削匀革重量计,用盐酸或硫酸或其它酸类物质将复鞣废液的 pH值调至 0. 7-3. 5, 3%-250%复鞣废液, 0%-0.3%特殊制剂, 温度调至 32°C-42°C, 0.1%-0.5%甲酸或 醋酸, 转 20-50分钟; 0.5%-2.5%丙烯酸复鞣剂或其它复鞣剂, 转 10-40分钟; 0.5%-2.0%辂粉, 0.1%-0.6%加脂剂, 转 30-90分钟; 0.5%-1.5%脂肪醛, 转 20-50 分钟; 0.3%-1.0%甲酸钠或醋酸钠, 0.1%-0.5%小苏打, 转 30-90分钟, 然后转 10分钟 /停 50分钟, 转停结合进行 3-8次, 或停鼓过夜, pH值要求 2.8-4.8; 复 鞣结束废液排入储液池或储液罐, 应定期化验废液中辂含量及 pH值, 定期检测 废液中的微生物数量, 一般循环三至五次检测一次;
( 8 ) 中和工序的废液循环再利用: 在中和转鼓旁设置中和废液储液池或储 液罐, 来自中和工序的废液滤去废液中固形物后排入中和废液储液池或储液罐, 搅拌均匀, 以备用于下批削匀革的中和; 利用中和废液进行中和的工艺是: 以 削匀革重量计, 3%-250%中和废液, 0%-0.3%特殊制剂, 温度调至 32°C-35 °C, 1.0%-4.0%中和单宁, 0.5%-3.5%甲酸钠, 转 20-40分钟; 0.2%-2.0%小苏打, 0.5%-5.0%加脂剂, 转 30-60分钟, 要求: pH值 4.0-6.5, 切口透心; 中和结束 废液排入储液池或储液罐;
(9 ) 染色工序废液循环再利用: 在染色转鼓旁设置多个废液储液池或储液 罐, 不同色泽采用不同的储液池或储液罐, 来自染色工序的废液滤去废液中固
形物后排入相应色泽储液池或储液罐, 搅拌均匀, 以备用于下批削匀革的染色; 利用染色废液进行染色的工艺是: 以削匀革重量计, 3%-200%染色废液, 0%-0. 3% 特殊制剂,温度调至 30 °C, 0. 5%-5. 0%丙烯酸复鞣剂,转 15 -40分钟; 0. 5%- 6. 0% 双聚氰胺复鞣剂, 0. 5%-5. 0%荆树皮栲胶, 0. 5%-4. 0%亚硫酸化植物油, 转 30 -60 分钟; 0. 5%-4. 0%染料, 0. 5%-5. 0%复合型加脂剂, 转 40 -80分钟, 要求: 切口 透心; 染色结束废液排入同一色泽储液池或储液罐。
2、 经过宝斯卡 (商丘) 化工有限公司制革车间的实际大生产使用证明, 该废水 循环工艺稍加变动后或不加变动均可适用于制革厂现有大生产工艺流程。
3、 该废水循环工艺所生产的成品革松面率更低, 丰满度更好, 并可以根据皮革 厂具体情况简化工艺和设备, 如某些厂无场地或设备条件, 可以不挖储液池, 用储液罐, 也可部分工序循环使用废水 (仅需稍加调整工艺参数即可)。
4、 在实际生产中, 根据现场情况采用鼓外池内或罐内升降温也可在鼓内实现升 降温过程, 可用蒸汽加温亦可使用电加热, 可用超载转鼓亦可用普通转鼓。
5、 该废水循环工艺用不锈钢转鼓进行浸酸辂鞣或储存废液时不增加废液中的金 属 (镍、 辂) 含量, 若用新水则明显增加废液中及皮革中的金属含量, 从而大 大缩短不锈钢转鼓的寿命, 当循环次数增加时, 可在主浸水或浸灰时适当增减 酶制剂或其它材料的用量以取得更好的效果。
6、 如权利要求 1所述的一种工艺及设备更加简化的新型制革工艺, 其特征在于 在染色转鼓旁设置多个废液储液池或储液罐, 不同色泽采用不同的储液池或储 液罐。
7、 如权利要求 1所述的一种工艺及设备更加简化的新型制革工艺, 其特征在于 每个储液池或储液罐都安装有搅拌装置, 亦可进行人工搅拌。
8、 如权利要求 1所述的一种工艺及设备更加简化的新型制革工艺, 其特征在于
经预浸水及浸灰后的皮进行去肉及片皮, 去肉和片皮过程中产生的废液分别收 集入相应预浸水和浸灰废液储液池或储液罐以备循环再利用。
9、 如权利要求 1所述的一种工艺及设备更加简化的新型制革工艺, 其特征 在于预浸水、 主浸水和浸灰工序可采用同一个转鼓, 在转鼓旁分别设置预浸水、 主浸水和浸灰废液储液池或储液罐, 以阀门的方式或其它分流方式控制转鼓向 各储液池或储液罐进行废液排放, 类似的, 脱灰软化和浸酸辂鞣工序可采用同 一个转鼓, 复鞣、 中和及染色工序可采用同一个转鼓。
10、 如权利要求 1所述的一种工艺及设备更加简化的新型制革工艺, 其特 征在于根据各废液储液池或储液罐中废液的粘稠程度定期对废液进行清洁化处 理, 用压滤的方式对废液进行清洁化处理, 经压滤分离出的废固物用于填坑或 制砖或其它用途, 分离出的废液收集入各废液储液池或储液罐以备循环再利用, 对废液清洁化处理的周期较传统处理方法长, 且处理更简易。
11、 如权利要求 1所述的一种工艺及设备更加简化的新型制革工艺, 其特征在 于经预浸水、 主浸水、 浸灰、 复灰、 脱灰软化、 浸酸辂鞣、 复鞣、 中和及染色 工序处理后的皮免去常规水洗步骤, 亦可进行水洗, 并将水洗废液进行循环再 利用, 当循环利用灰皮的水洗废液时应加入酸类物质将其 pH值调至 5-11. 5之 间。
12、 如权利要求 1所述的一种工艺及设备更加简化的新型制革工艺, 其特征在 于在辂鞣废液储液池或储液罐旁再设置备用池或罐, 其它工序如浸灰和脱灰软 化工序等亦可设置备用池或罐。
13、 如权利要求 1所述的一种工艺及设备更加简化的新型制革工艺, 其特征在 于各种化学材料的用量及品种、 废液用量、 升降温幅度、 操作时间、 操作顺序、 废液及化学材料的加入次数等均可根据使用者具体情况而做出大幅度调整, 亦
可根据使用者具体情况选择其它化学材料以替代上述材料。
14、 如权利要求 1所述的一种工艺及设备更加简化的新型制革工艺, 其特征在 于在浸灰过程中, 视毛根脱落程度及时利用滤毛机滤毛, 如所做原皮为山羊皮、 绵羊皮和猪皮时, 大部分毛的去除在鼓外进行, 所剩部分毛亦可在浸灰过程中 使用滤毛机滤出。
15、 如权利要求 1所述的一种工艺及设备更加简化的新型制革工艺, 其特征在 于浸酸辂鞣过程中, 盐的加入量为 0, 亦可加入少量 (0%-5%) 的盐类或其它有 抑制酸肿作用的物质。
16、 如权利要求 1所述的一种工艺及设备更加简化的新型制革工艺, 其特征在 于辂粉的总用量为 2. 0%-5. 5%。
17、 如权利要求 1所述的一种工艺及设备更加简化的新型制革工艺, 其特征在 于各工序产生的废液可以不加特殊制剂处理, 也可加入某种特殊制剂, 加入量 为 0%-0. 3% (以废液量为基数)。
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