WO2014192559A1 - 電動工具 - Google Patents
電動工具 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2014192559A1 WO2014192559A1 PCT/JP2014/063074 JP2014063074W WO2014192559A1 WO 2014192559 A1 WO2014192559 A1 WO 2014192559A1 JP 2014063074 W JP2014063074 W JP 2014063074W WO 2014192559 A1 WO2014192559 A1 WO 2014192559A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- voltage
- power supply
- value
- motor
- duty ratio
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25F—COMBINATION OR MULTI-PURPOSE TOOLS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DETAILS OR COMPONENTS OF PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS NOT PARTICULARLY RELATED TO THE OPERATIONS PERFORMED AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B25F5/00—Details or components of portable power-driven tools not particularly related to the operations performed and not otherwise provided for
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K11/00—Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection
- H02K11/30—Structural association with control circuits or drive circuits
- H02K11/33—Drive circuits, e.g. power electronics
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P6/00—Arrangements for controlling synchronous motors or other dynamo-electric motors using electronic commutation dependent on the rotor position; Electronic commutators therefor
- H02P6/28—Arrangements for controlling current
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
- H02K7/14—Structural association with mechanical loads, e.g. with hand-held machine tools or fans
- H02K7/145—Hand-held machine tool
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an electric tool having a motor driven by a commercial AC power source.
- AC power from the commercial AC power source is rectified by a rectifier circuit, smoothed by a smoothing capacitor, and supplied to an inverter circuit. Then, predetermined drive power is output from the inverter circuit to the motor, and the motor is driven.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a technique for changing motor control in accordance with a power supply voltage.
- the electric tool includes a motor, a rectifying circuit unit that rectifies an input voltage from a commercial power supply, and a supply unit that supplies a rectified voltage output from the rectifying circuit unit to the motor as driving power.
- the duty control of the motor is changed according to the voltage of the commercial power supply.
- the above-described electric tool preferably changes the duty ratio supplied to the motor in accordance with the voltage of the commercial power source.
- the first duty ratio may be set when the voltage of the commercial power supply is the first voltage value, and the second duty ratio may be set lower than the first duty ratio when the voltage is a second voltage value higher than the first voltage value.
- the duty ratio supplied to the motor can be appropriately changed according to the voltage value of the commercial power supply, so that the switching element can be reliably prevented from being damaged.
- the duty ratio may be reduced as the voltage of the commercial power supply increases.
- the duty ratio may be constant until the voltage of the commercial power supply reaches a predetermined voltage, and when the voltage is higher than the predetermined voltage, the duty ratio may be decreased as the voltage of the commercial power supply increases.
- the duty ratio is kept constant up to a predetermined voltage, the driving power can be maintained. Further, since the duty ratio is changed when the voltage exceeds a predetermined voltage, the switching element can be prevented from being damaged.
- the duty ratio may be decreased for a predetermined time.
- the duty ratio may be increased after a predetermined time has elapsed since the duty ratio was decreased.
- the duty ratio may be increased.
- the duty ratio may be increased.
- the current threshold is preferably set to be smaller as the voltage of the commercial power source is larger.
- the zero cross of the AC power source is detected, and when the elapsed time from the detection of the zero cross exceeds the first time, the duty ratio is decreased, and when the elapsed time exceeds the second time longer than the first time, the duty ratio is decreased. Is preferably increased. *
- the first time is preferably set shorter as the voltage of the AC power supply is larger.
- the rectified voltage is supplied to the supply means without being smoothed.
- the power tool according to the present invention includes a motor, a supply unit that supplies driving power from the power source to the motor, and a suppression unit that suppresses the occurrence of an overcurrent in which a current value flowing through the motor exceeds a predetermined current value. It is characterized by that.
- the suppression unit may include a changing unit that changes the effective value of the driving power.
- the power tool described above may further include a current detection unit that detects a current value input to the supply unit.
- the changing unit lowers the effective value when the detected current value exceeds the current threshold value.
- the changing unit sets the current threshold according to the detected power supply voltage effective value.
- the power tool described above may further include input voltage detection means for detecting an instantaneous voltage value input to the supply means.
- input voltage detection means for detecting an instantaneous voltage value input to the supply means.
- the changing unit lowers the effective value when the detected instantaneous voltage value exceeds the voltage threshold value.
- the changing unit sets the voltage threshold according to the detected power supply voltage effective value.
- the above-described electric power tool can further include a zero cross detection unit that detects a zero cross of the AC power input to the supply unit.
- the changing means decreases the effective value when the elapsed time from the detection of the zero cross exceeds the first time threshold, and changes the effective value when the elapsed time exceeds the second time threshold longer than the first time threshold. It is preferable to raise.
- the changing means may set the first time threshold according to the detected power supply voltage effective value, and set a value obtained by subtracting the first time threshold from the detected half cycle as the second time threshold. preferable.
- the supply means may be an inverter circuit
- the changing means may be configured to change the duty ratio of the driving power supplied to the motor by the inverter circuit
- the power source is a commercial power source
- the supply means supplies the voltage of the commercial power source to the motor without being smoothed.
- the electric tool of the present invention it is possible to prevent the switching element from being damaged while maintaining the driving power of the motor even for different power supply voltages.
- (A) is a figure which shows the time change of the voltage applied to a motor
- (b) is a figure which shows the time change of the electric current which flows into a motor
- (c) is a figure which shows the time change of PWM duty D. It is a figure which shows the power supply voltage waveform and motor current waveform after rectification.
- (A) is a figure which shows the voltage instantaneous value V of the power supply voltage after the rectification detected by the voltage detection circuit
- (b) is a figure which shows the electric current value I of the motor current which flows into the motor detected by the current detection circuit.
- (A) is a figure which shows the time change of the voltage applied to a motor
- (b) is a figure which shows the time change of the electric current which flows into a motor
- (c) is a figure which shows the time change of PWM duty. It is a flowchart which shows the operation
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an impact driver according to an embodiment.
- the impact driver 1 corresponds to the electric tool of the present invention.
- the impact driver 1 mainly includes a housing 2, a motor 3, a gear mechanism 4, a hammer 5, an anvil portion 6, an inverter circuit portion 7, and a power cord 8. Composed.
- the housing 2 is made of resin and forms an outer shell of the impact driver 1, and is mainly composed of a substantially cylindrical body portion 2a and a handle portion 2b extending from the body portion 2a.
- the motor 3 is disposed in the body portion 2 a so that the axial direction thereof coincides with the longitudinal direction of the body portion 2 a, and the gear mechanism 4, the hammer 5, and the anvil portion 6 are provided.
- the motor 3 is arranged side by side toward one end in the axial direction. *
- a metal hammer case 18 in which the hammer 5 and the anvil part 6 are housed is disposed at the front side position in the body part 2a.
- the hammer case 18 has a substantially funnel shape in which the diameter gradually decreases toward the front.
- An opening 18a is formed at the front end portion, and a tip portion of a tip tool holding portion 16 described later is exposed from the opening 18a.
- An opening 16a is formed at the tip.
- an air inlet and an air outlet are formed in the body 2a for sucking and discharging outside air into the body 2a by a cooling fan 14 described later.
- the motor 3 and the inverter board 7 are cooled by the outside air. *
- the handle portion 2b extends downward from a substantially central position in the front-rear direction of the body portion 2a, and is configured integrally with the body portion 2a.
- a switch mechanism 9 is incorporated inside the handle portion 2b, and a power cord 8 that can be connected to an AC power source extends at a distal end in the extending direction.
- a trigger switch 10 that is an electronic switch serving as an operation location of the operator is provided at the front portion of the base portion from the trunk portion 2a.
- the trigger switch 10 is connected to the switch mechanism 9 and is used for switching between supply and cut-off of drive power to the motor 3.
- a forward / reverse selector switch 11 for switching the rotation direction of the motor 3 is provided at a connection portion between the handle portion 2b and the body portion 2a and immediately above the trigger switch 10. Further, a control circuit unit 12 and a power supply circuit unit 13 are accommodated in the lower part of the handle unit 2b.
- the motor 3 is a brushless motor, and as shown in FIG. 1, a rotor 3a including an output shaft 3e and a plurality of permanent magnets 3d, and a stator 3b including a plurality of coils 3c arranged at positions facing the rotor 3a. And mainly consists of The output shaft 3e is disposed in the body portion 2a so that the axial direction coincides with the front-rear direction, protrudes forward and backward from the rotor 3a, and is rotatably supported by the body portion 2a by a bearing at the protruding portion. . In the output shaft 3e, a cooling fan 14 that rotates coaxially with the output shaft 3e is provided at a portion protruding forward. *
- the gear mechanism 4 is disposed in front of the motor 3.
- the gear mechanism 4 is a speed reduction mechanism configured by a planetary gear mechanism having a plurality of gears, and reduces the rotation of the output shaft 3 e and transmits it to the hammer 5.
- the hammer 5 includes a pair of collision portions 15 at the front end. Further, the hammer 5 is urged forward by a spring 5a, and is configured to be able to move backward against the urging force.
- the anvil portion 6 is disposed in front of the hammer 5 and mainly includes a tip tool holding portion 16 and an anvil 17.
- the anvil 17 includes a pair of impacted portions 17 a that are integrally formed with the tip tool holding portion 16 and are disposed opposite to the rotation center of the tip tool holding portion 16 behind the tip tool holding portion 16.
- the hammer 5 moves backward while rotating against the urging force of the spring 5a.
- the collision part 51 gets over the collision part 17a, the elastic energy stored in the spring 5a is released, the hammer 5 moves forward, and the collision part 15 and the collision part 17a collide again.
- the tip tool is detachably held in the opening 16 a formed at the tip of the tip tool holding portion 16.
- the inverter circuit unit 7 is provided with a switching element 7a such as a MOSFET (Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor) or an IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor).
- the power cord 8 supplies power to each unit by connecting to a commercial AC power source.
- FIG. 2 is a control block diagram of a motor in the impact driver according to the embodiment. *
- the motor 3 is composed of a three-phase brushless motor.
- the rotor 3a of this brushless motor is configured to include a plurality of (two in this embodiment) permanent magnets 3d composed of N poles and S poles, and the stator 3b is a star-connected three-phase stator winding. It consists of wires (coils 3c) U, V, W.
- the Hall element 21 is disposed to face the permanent magnet 3d, and the energization direction and time to the stator windings U, V, and W are controlled based on the position detection signals from these Hall elements 21. *
- the inverter circuit unit 7 includes an inverter circuit 20.
- the electronic elements mounted on the substrate of the inverter circuit 20 include six switching elements 7a (Q1 to Q6) such as FETs connected in a three-phase bridge format.
- the gates of the six switching elements Q1 to Q6 that are bridge-connected are connected to the control signal output circuit 22, and the drains or sources of the six switching elements Q1 to Q6 are star-connected stator windings. Connected to U, V, W.
- the six switching elements Q1 to Q6 perform a switching operation based on the switching element drive signals (drive signals such as H4, H5, and H6) input from the control signal output circuit 22, and the rectifier circuit 23 performs a full wave operation. Electric power is supplied to the stator windings U, V, and W using the rectified DC voltage as three-phase (U-phase, V-phase, and W-phase) voltages Vu, Vv, and Vw.
- the control signal output circuit 22 performs switching for driving the three negative power supply side switching elements Q4, Q5, and Q6 among the switching element driving signals (three-phase signals) for driving the gates of the six switching elements Q1 to Q6.
- the element drive signals are supplied as pulse width modulation signals (PWM signals) H4, H5, and H6.
- the arithmetic unit 24 provided in the control circuit unit 12 changes the pulse width (duty ratio) of the PWM signal based on the detection signal of the operation amount (stroke) of the trigger switch 10 to drive the motor 3.
- the power supply amount is adjusted, and the start / stop of the motor 3 and the rotation speed are controlled.
- the control signal output circuit 22 supplies switching element drive signals for driving the three positive power supply side switching elements Q1, Q2, and Q3 as output switching signals H1, H2, and H3. *
- the PWM signal is supplied to any one of the positive power supply side switching elements Q1 to Q3 and the negative power supply side switching elements Q4 to Q6 of the inverter circuit 20, and the switching elements Q1 to Q3 or the switching elements Q4 to Q6 are switched at high speed.
- the power supplied to the stator windings U, V, W from the DC voltage of the rectifier circuit 23 is controlled.
- a PWM signal is supplied to the negative power supply side switching elements Q4 to Q6, and the power supplied to each stator winding U, V, W is adjusted by controlling the pulse width of the PWM signal.
- the rotational speed of the motor 3 can be controlled.
- the PWM signals H4, H5, and H6 may be output to the positive power supply side switching elements Q1 to Q3, and the output switching signals H1, H2, and H3 may be output to the switching elements Q4 to Q6. Further, the PWM signals H1 to H6 may be output to the corresponding switching elements Q1 to Q6 with the timing shifted. *
- the control circuit unit 12 (FIG. 1) includes a control signal output circuit 22, a rotor position detection circuit 25, a current detection circuit 26, a voltage detection circuit 27, an applied voltage setting circuit 28, a rotation direction setting circuit 29, and a calculation unit 24. Provided. *
- the rotor position detection circuit 25 detects the rotational position of the rotor 3 a based on the signal from the hall element 21 and outputs it to the calculation unit 24.
- the current detection circuit 26 measures the current value supplied to the motor 3 from the shunt resistor Rs and outputs it to the calculation unit 24.
- the current detection circuit 26 is an example of the current detection means of the present invention, measures the current value I input to the inverter circuit 20, and outputs the current value I to the calculation unit 24.
- the voltage detection circuit 27 measures the voltage value applied to the motor 3 and outputs it to the calculation unit 24.
- the voltage detection circuit 27 is an example of the input voltage detection means of the present invention, and measures the voltage instantaneous value V input to the inverter circuit 20 and outputs it to the calculation unit 24. Further, the voltage detection circuit 27 is an example of the power supply voltage detection means of the present invention, and measures the power supply voltage effective value Ve of the commercial AC power supply 30 and outputs it to the calculation unit 24.
- the applied voltage setting circuit 28 outputs a control signal to the calculation unit 24 based on the operation of the trigger switch 10.
- the rotation direction setting circuit 29 outputs a signal for switching the rotation direction of the motor 3 to the calculation unit 24.
- the arithmetic unit 24 is a central processing unit (CPU) 24a for outputting a driving signal based on the processing program and data, a ROM 24b for storing the processing program, control data, various threshold values, and the like, and temporarily stores the data. RAM 24c and a timer 24d.
- the control signal output circuit 22 and the calculation unit 24 correspond to the suppression unit of the present invention, and the calculation unit 24 corresponds to the change unit of the present invention. *
- the arithmetic unit 24 generates PWM signals H4 to H6 based on the output from the applied voltage setting circuit 28 and outputs the PWM signals H4 to H6 to the control signal output circuit 22.
- the calculation unit 24 generates output switching signals H1 to H3 based on outputs from the rotor position detection circuit 25 and the rotation direction setting circuit 29.
- predetermined windings of the stator windings U, V, and W are alternately energized, and the rotor 3a rotates in the set rotation direction.
- the voltage value and the current value supplied to the motor 3 are measured by the current detection circuit 26 and the voltage detection circuit 27 described above, and the values are fed back to the calculation unit 24, so that the set drive power and current are set. Adjusted to be a value.
- the ROM 24b of the calculation unit 24 stores a duty ratio indicating the pulse width of the PWM signal, that is, data for controlling the PWM duty. This control data will be described with reference to FIGS.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the relationship between the power supply voltage and the PWM duty according to the motor specifications
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the relationship between the power supply voltage effective value and the PWM duty in the impact driver according to the embodiment.
- the motor 3 is designed to be optimal for a power supply environment with a power supply voltage of 100 V.
- the wire diameter of the coil 3 c is 0.5 mm, and the number of turns is 50 turns per pole (hereinafter, 50 / pole). Since the motor 3 tends to flow current, when the effective value of the input voltage is larger than 100V, for example, in a power supply environment of 230V or more, the current jumps up.
- the switching elements 7a (Q1 to Q6) constituting the inverter circuit 20 are also designed according to the voltage effective value 100V. Therefore, when used in a power supply environment higher than that, a current exceeding the maximum rated value of the switching element 7a flows to the switching element 7a due to the jumping of the current, and the switching element 7a may be damaged. . *
- the specification of the motor 3 is changed. For example, if the wire diameter of the coil 3c is 0.35 mm and the number of turns is 100 / pole, 100V Performance (torque) equivalent to the specification motor 3 can be obtained, and current can be made difficult to flow. However, since the motor 3 itself is also increased in size, it is necessary to reduce the wire diameter, and thus there is a problem that the possibility that the coil 3c is disconnected due to vibration or the like increases. *
- the present invention can be applied to different power supply environments without changing the specifications of the motor 3 by changing the control of the inverter circuit 20 according to the power supply environment. That is, as shown in FIG. 3, the PWM duty D of the switching element 7a of the inverter circuit 20 is changed according to the power supply voltage effective value Ve. *
- a solid line A indicates a relationship between the power supply voltage effective value Ve and the PWM duty D when a 100 V specification motor 3 having a wire diameter of 0.5 mm and a number of turns of 50 / pole is used.
- the inverter circuit 20 is controlled so that the PWM duty D decreases according to the power supply voltage effective value Ve. .
- jumping of the current flowing through the motor 3 can be suppressed even in a power supply environment that is equal to or higher than the optimally designed input voltage, and damage to the switching element 7a can be suppressed. . *
- the calculation unit 24 sets the PWM duty corresponding to the power supply voltage of the commercial AC power supply 30 with reference to the data shown in FIG. Specifically, two PWM duties corresponding to the power supply voltage effective value Ve of the commercial AC power supply 30, that is, the first duty D1 and the second duty D2 are set.
- the first duty D1 corresponds to the PWM duty D shown in FIG. 3, and is set according to the specifications of the motor 3 and the power supply voltage effective value Ve.
- the second duty D2 is set according to the first duty D1.
- the first duty D1 and the second duty D2 satisfy the relational expression D2 ⁇ 0.5 ⁇ D1. Further, the first duty D1 and the second duty D2 respectively decrease as the power supply voltage effective value Ve increases.
- the calculation unit 24 performs switching control of these two PWM duties. Details of the PWM duty switching control will be described later. *
- the impact driver 1 switches the PWM duty D based on the current value I input to the inverter circuit 20.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining the soft start control. As shown in FIG. 5, the calculation unit 24 increases the PWM duty D from a predetermined initial value D0 to a target value at a constant increase rate ⁇ ( ⁇ > 0). In the present embodiment, the target value of the PWM duty D is the first duty D1. *
- the current threshold Ith corresponding to the power supply voltage effective value Ve is stored in the ROM 24b of the calculation unit 24.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a relationship between the power supply voltage effective value and the current threshold in the impact driver according to the first embodiment. As shown in FIG. 6, the current threshold value Ith stored in the calculation unit 24 decreases as the power supply voltage effective value Ve increases. The calculation unit 24 sets the current threshold Ith according to the power supply voltage effective value Ve of the commercial AC power supply 30. Then, based on the set current threshold value Ith, the calculation unit 24 switches the PWM duty D. *
- FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing the operation of the impact driver according to the first embodiment.
- the flowchart shown in FIG. 7 is started when the power cord 8 is connected to the commercial AC power source 30.
- the voltage detection circuit 27 measures the power supply voltage effective value Ve of the commercial AC power supply 30 and outputs it to the calculation unit 24 (S101). *
- the calculation unit 24 sets the first duty D1 and the second duty D2 (S102).
- the calculation unit 24 sets two PWM duties D1 and D2 corresponding to the power supply voltage effective value Ve based on the data shown in FIG. At this time, as the power supply voltage effective value Ve is higher, smaller PWM duties D1 and D2 are set.
- the calculation unit 24 sets a current threshold Ith (S102).
- the computing unit 24 sets a current threshold Ith corresponding to the power supply voltage effective value Ve based on the data shown in FIG. At this time, the smaller the power supply voltage effective value Ve, the smaller the current threshold Ith is set. *
- the PWM duty D is set to the initial value D0, and the motor 3 is started (S104).
- the calculation unit 24 gradually increases the PWM duty D from the initial value D0 toward the target value D1 at a constant increase rate ⁇ by soft start control (S105).
- the calculation unit 24 monitors the current value I output from the current detection circuit 26.
- the PWM duty D is set to the second duty D2 (S107).
- the calculation unit 24 switches the PWM duty D to the first duty D1 (S109).
- the calculation unit 24 Stops increasing the PWM duty D and maintains the first duty D1.
- the calculation unit 24 performs PWM until D1 is reached (S110: YES) or until the current value I reaches the current threshold Ith (S106: YES). The duty D continues to increase (S105).
- the PWM duty D is reduced to the second duty D2.
- the PWM duty D is increased to the first duty D1.
- FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram illustrating an example of motor drive control according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 8A shows the change over time of the voltage applied to the motor 3
- FIG. 8B shows the change over time of the current flowing through the motor 3.
- FIG. 8C shows the time change of the PWM duty D. *
- the PWM duty is reduced from the first duty D1 to the second duty D2 (FIG. 8C). Along with this, the value of the current flowing through the motor 3 becomes smaller (FIG. 8B). Thereafter, the PWM duty is maintained at the second duty D2 until the maximum amplitude of the voltage applied to the motor 3 is exceeded and the current value I input to the inverter circuit 20 falls to the current threshold Ith. Therefore, even when a current value jumps at the maximum amplitude of the voltage applied to the motor 3, the current value flowing through the motor 3 does not exceed the maximum rated value of the switching element 7a, and the switching element 7a is prevented from being damaged.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating a power supply voltage waveform and a motor current waveform after rectification.
- FIG. 9 corresponds to the case where the power supply voltage effective value is 100 V and the power supply frequency is 50 Hz.
- 9A shows the voltage instantaneous value V of the rectified power supply voltage detected by the voltage detection circuit 27, and
- FIG. 9B shows the motor current flowing through the motor 3 detected by the current detection circuit 26.
- Current value I is shown.
- the motor current jumps near the peak of the power supply voltage.
- the switching element 7a is designed or selected in consideration of the jump of the motor current. However, when the power supply voltage effective value Ve is 100 V or more, for example, 200 V, the motor current I jumps up, and a current exceeding the maximum rated value of the switching element 7 a flows into the switching element 7 a. . *
- FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating a relationship between the PWM duty and the motor current in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 10 shows a motor current waveform for a half cycle.
- Tw1, Tw2, and Tn are PWM duty on-time
- Ta, Tb, and Tc are PWM periods.
- the current threshold value Ith may be determined in advance by experiments or the like and stored in the ROM 24b. *
- the impact driver according to the first embodiment reduces the PWM duty only when the current value input to the inverter circuit exceeds the current threshold, the driving power supplied to the motor is reduced.
- the current value input to the inverter circuit can be suppressed without being lowered too much. Therefore, the occurrence of overcurrent exceeding the maximum rated value of the switching element can be suppressed while maintaining the driving power of the motor, and the switching element can be prevented from being damaged.
- the impact driver 1 switches the PWM duty D based on the instantaneous voltage value V input to the inverter circuit 20.
- the voltage threshold Vth corresponding to the power supply voltage effective value Ve is stored in the ROM 24b of the calculation unit 24.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating the relationship between the power supply voltage effective value and the voltage threshold in the impact driver according to the second embodiment.
- the voltage threshold value Vth stored in the calculation unit 24 is a constant value 140V when the power supply voltage effective value Ve is in the range of 100V to 200V.
- the calculation unit 24 sets the voltage threshold Vth according to the power supply voltage effective value Ve of the commercial AC power supply 30. Then, based on the set voltage threshold Vth, the calculation unit 24 switches the PWM duty D. Note that the voltage threshold Vth may be set to decrease as the power supply voltage increases. *
- FIG. 12 is a flowchart showing the operation of the impact driver according to the second embodiment.
- the flowchart shown in FIG. 12 is started when the power cord 8 is connected to the commercial AC power source 30.
- the voltage detection circuit 27 measures the power supply voltage effective value Ve of the commercial AC power supply 30 and outputs it to the calculation unit 24 (S101). *
- the calculation unit 24 sets the first duty D1 and the second duty D2 corresponding to the power supply voltage effective value Ve based on the data shown in FIG. 4 (S201). Moreover, the calculating part 24 sets the voltage threshold value Vth (S201). The computing unit 24 sets a voltage threshold Vth corresponding to the power supply voltage effective value Ve based on the data shown in FIG. In the present embodiment, 140 V is set as the voltage threshold Vth.
- the PWM duty D is set to the initial value D0, and the motor 3 is started (S104).
- the calculation unit 24 gradually increases the PWM duty D from the initial value D0 toward the target value D1 at a constant increase rate ⁇ by soft start control (S105).
- the computing unit 24 stops increasing the PWM duty D and maintains the first duty D1 (S203).
- the PWM duty D is less than the first duty D1 (S202: NO)
- the calculation unit 24 continues to increase the PWM duty D (S105).
- the calculation unit 24 monitors the voltage instantaneous value V output from the voltage detection circuit 27.
- the calculation unit 24 switches the PWM duty D from the first duty D1 to the second duty D2 (S205). Thereafter, when the voltage instantaneous value V decreases to the voltage threshold value Vth (S204: NO), the calculation unit 24 switches the PWM duty D from the second duty D2 to the first duty D1 (S206).
- the PWM duty D is reduced to the second duty D2.
- the PWM duty D is increased to the first duty D1.
- FIG. 13 is an explanatory diagram illustrating an example of motor drive control according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 13A shows the change over time of the voltage applied to the motor 3
- FIG. 13B shows the change over time of the current flowing through the motor 3.
- FIG. 13C shows the time change of the PWM duty D.
- the PWM duty D is reduced from the first duty D1 to the second duty D2 (FIG. 13 (c)). Along with this, the value of the current flowing through the motor 3 becomes smaller (FIG. 13B). Thereafter, the PWM duty is maintained at the second duty D2 until the maximum amplitude of the voltage applied to the motor 3 has passed and the voltage instantaneous value V input to the inverter circuit 20 has dropped to the voltage threshold Vth. Therefore, even when the current value jumps at the maximum amplitude of the voltage applied to the motor 3, the current value flowing through the motor 3 does not exceed the maximum rated value of the switching element, and the switching element is prevented from being damaged. *
- FIG. 14 is a diagram showing the relationship between the rectified voltage, the PWM duty, and the motor current when the power supply voltage is 100V.
- the instantaneous voltage value after full-wave rectification, the PWM duty, and the motor current waveform are shown for a half period.
- the power supply voltage is 100V (power supply voltage effective value 100V, maximum instantaneous value about 140V)
- the motor 3 has an optimum specification. Therefore, even if the motor current jumps, the current value I is the maximum rating of the switching element 7a. The value is never exceeded.
- the voltage threshold Vth is set to 140V, but as shown in FIG. 14, the voltage instantaneous value V basically does not exceed 140V. Therefore, there is no need to reduce the PWM duty D, and it is maintained at approximately 100% throughout the entire period. *
- FIG. 15 is a diagram showing the relationship between the rectified voltage, the PWM duty, and the motor current when the power supply voltage is 200V
- FIG. 16 is a diagram showing the relationship between the rectified voltage, the PWM duty, and the motor current when the power supply voltage is 230V. is there. *
- the voltage instantaneous value V after full-wave rectification is about 280 V at the maximum, as shown in FIG. Therefore, when the voltage threshold Vth is set to 140V, the voltage instantaneous value V of the power supply voltage exceeds the voltage threshold Vth. Therefore, when the voltage instantaneous value V exceeds the voltage threshold value Vth, the PWM duty is reduced from D1 to D2 (for example, 50% of D1). As a result, as shown in FIG. 13B, the current value I decreases, and the breakage of the switching element 7a can be suppressed.
- the voltage instantaneous value V after full-wave rectification is about 322V at the maximum, as shown in FIG. Therefore, when the voltage threshold Vth is set to 140V, the voltage instantaneous value V of the power supply voltage exceeds the voltage threshold Vth. Therefore, when the voltage instantaneous value V exceeds the voltage threshold value Vth, the PWM duty D is further reduced as compared with the case where the power supply voltage effective value is 200 V (for example, 30% of D1). As a result, as shown in FIG. 13B, the current value I decreases, and the breakage of the switching element 7a can be suppressed. *
- the current value can be suppressed and damage to the switching element 7a can be suppressed. Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 4, the current value as a whole can be suppressed if the PWM duty D1 in the normal state is reduced as the power supply voltage is increased, and damage to the switching element 7a can be further suppressed. Become. *
- the impact driver according to the second embodiment reduces the PWM duty only when the instantaneous voltage value input to the inverter circuit exceeds the voltage threshold value, the driving power supplied to the motor is reduced.
- the current value input to the inverter circuit can be suppressed without excessively decreasing the value. Therefore, the occurrence of overcurrent can be suppressed while maintaining the driving power of the motor, and the switching element can be prevented from being damaged.
- the impact driver 1 switches the PWM duty D based on an elapsed time t from zero cross described later.
- the voltage detection circuit 27 is also an example of a zero cross detection means, and detects a zero cross where the voltage instantaneous value V input to the inverter circuit 20 becomes zero.
- the calculation unit 24 is also an example of a period detection unit, and measures the time between two consecutive zero crosses detected by the voltage detection circuit 27 by the timer 24 d and uses the commercial AC power supply 30. A half cycle T0 of the output AC power is acquired. Moreover, the calculating part 24 measures the elapsed time t from zero crossing with the timer 24d.
- the ROM 24b of the calculation unit 24 stores a duty switching timing t1 corresponding to the power supply voltage effective value Ve.
- FIG. 17 is a diagram illustrating the relationship between the power supply voltage effective value and the duty switching timing in the impact driver according to the third embodiment.
- the duty switching timing t1 corresponds to the first time threshold value of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 17, the duty switching timing t1 stored in the calculation unit 24 becomes earlier as the power supply voltage effective value Ve becomes higher.
- the computing unit 24 sets the duty switching timing t ⁇ b> 1 according to the power supply voltage effective value Ve of the commercial AC power supply 30. *
- the calculation unit 24 sets a value obtained by subtracting a value corresponding to the duty switching timing t1 from the half cycle T0 as the duty switching timing t2.
- the duty switching timing t2 corresponds to the second time threshold value of the present invention.
- the two duty switching timings t1 and t2 set by the calculation unit 24 are referred to as a first switching timing t1 and a second switching timing t2.
- the first switching timing t1, the second switching timing t2, and the half cycle T0 satisfy the relational expression of t1 ⁇ t2 ⁇ T0.
- the calculation unit 24 switches the PWM duty D based on the set first switching timing t1 and second switching timing t2. *
- FIG. 18 is a flowchart showing the operation of the impact driver according to the third embodiment.
- the flowchart shown in FIG. 18 is started when the power cord 8 is connected to the commercial AC power source 30.
- the voltage detection circuit 27 measures the power supply voltage effective value Ve of the commercial AC power supply 30 and outputs it to the calculation unit 24 (S301).
- the calculating part 24 acquires the half cycle T0 of the alternating current power output from the commercial alternating current power supply 30 by the timer 24d (S301).
- the calculation unit 24 sets the first duty D1 and the second duty D2 corresponding to the power supply voltage effective value Ve based on the data shown in FIG. 4 (S302).
- the calculation unit 24 sets duty switching timings t1 and t2 (S302).
- the calculation unit 24 sets the first switching timing t1 corresponding to the power supply voltage effective value Ve based on the data shown in FIG. At this time, as the power supply voltage effective value Ve is higher, the earlier first switching timing t1 is set.
- the calculating part 24 sets the value which reduced the value corresponding to the 1st switching timing t1 set from the acquired half cycle T0 as 2nd switching timing t2. *
- the calculation unit 24 monitors the instantaneous voltage value V output from the voltage detection circuit 27.
- the calculation unit 24 starts measuring the elapsed time t from the zero cross by the timer 24d and sets the PWM duty D to the first duty. D1 is set (S304), and the motor 3 is started.
- the calculation unit 24 switches the PWM duty D from the first duty D1 to the second duty D2 (S306).
- the calculation unit 24 continues to measure the elapsed time t by the timer 24d. When the elapsed time t reaches the second switching timing t2 (S307: YES), the calculation unit 24 switches the PWM duty D from the second duty D2 to the first duty D1 (S308). *
- the computing unit 24 monitors the voltage instantaneous value V, and when a new zero cross is detected (S303: YES), the measurement unit 24 newly starts the measurement of the elapsed time t from the detected zero cross, and the processing after S304 repeat.
- the PWM duty D is reduced to the second duty D2. Further, when the elapsed time t reaches the second switching timing t2, the PWM duty D is increased to the first duty D.
- FIG. 19 is an explanatory diagram illustrating an example of motor drive control according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 19A shows the change over time of the voltage applied to the motor 3
- FIG. 19B shows the change over time of the current flowing through the motor 3.
- FIG. 19C shows a change in PWM duty over time. *
- the PWM duty D is lowered to D2 around the maximum amplitude of the voltage applied to the motor 3, that is, when the elapsed time t from the zero cross is from t1 to t2 (FIG. 19 (c)).
- the value of the current flowing through the motor 3 becomes small (FIG. 19B). Therefore, even when the current value jumps at the maximum amplitude of the voltage applied to the motor 3, the current value flowing through the motor 3 does not exceed the maximum rated value of the switching element, and the switching element is prevented from being damaged.
- the PWM duty D is increased from the second duty D2 to the first duty D1 (FIG. 19C), so that the value of the current flowing through the motor 3 becomes large (FIG. 19B), The effective value of the voltage applied to the motor 3 also increases. Therefore, it is possible to prevent an excessive decrease in the amount of drive power supplied to the motor 3.
- the impact driver according to the third embodiment performs the switching control of the PWM duty based on the elapsed time from the zero cross of the instantaneous voltage value input to the inverter circuit. While maintaining the driving power of the motor, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of overcurrent and prevent the switching element from being damaged.
- the PWM duty can be lowered from an early stage before the motor current increases, so that damage to the switching element can be prevented more reliably. it can.
- the elapsed time from the zero cross may be determined in advance by experiments or the like.
- the impact driver 1 switches the PWM duty D based on the current value I input to the inverter circuit 20 and the elapsed time t from the zero cross.
- the ROM 24b of the arithmetic unit 24 has a current threshold Ith (FIG. 6) corresponding to the power supply voltage effective value Ve and a first switching timing t1 (FIG. 17) corresponding to the power supply voltage effective value Ve. , Each is stored.
- the computing unit 24 sets the current threshold Ith and the first switching timing t1 according to the power supply voltage effective value Ve of the commercial AC power supply 30.
- the calculation unit 24 acquires a half cycle T0 of AC power output from the commercial AC power supply 30. Then, a value obtained by subtracting a value corresponding to the first switching timing t1 from the half cycle T0 is set as the second duty switching timing t2. The calculation unit 24 switches the PWM duty D based on the set current threshold Ith, the first switching timing t1, and the second switching timing t2. *
- FIG. 20 is a flowchart showing the operation of the impact driver according to the fourth embodiment.
- the flowchart shown in FIG. 20 is started when the power cord 8 is connected to the commercial AC power source 30.
- the voltage detection circuit 27 measures the power supply voltage effective value Ve of the commercial AC power supply 30 and outputs it to the calculation unit 24 (S301).
- the calculating part 24 acquires the half cycle T0 of the alternating current power output from the commercial alternating current power supply 30 by the timer 24d (S301).
- the computing unit 24 sets the first duty D1 and the second duty D2 corresponding to the power supply voltage effective value Ve based on the data shown in FIG. 4 (S401).
- the calculation unit 24 sets the current threshold Ith, the first switching timing t1, and the second switching timing t2 (S401).
- the computing unit 24 sets a current threshold Ith corresponding to the power supply voltage effective value Ve based on the data shown in FIG.
- the calculating part 24 sets the 1st switching timing t1 corresponding to the power supply voltage effective value Ve based on the data shown by FIG.
- the calculation unit 24 sets a value obtained by subtracting a value corresponding to the first switching timing t1 from the half cycle T0 as the second switching timing t2. *
- the PWM duty D is set to the initial value D0, and the motor 3 is started (S104).
- the calculation unit 24 gradually increases the PWM duty D from the initial value D0 toward the target value D1 at a constant increase rate ⁇ by soft start control (S105).
- the calculation unit 24 monitors the current value I output from the current detection circuit 26, and when the current value I exceeds the current threshold Ith (S106: YES), the PWM duty D is set to the second duty D2 (S107). ). Before the current value I exceeds the current threshold Ith (S106: NO), when the PWM duty D reaches the first duty D1 (S110: YES), the calculation unit 24 stops increasing the PWM duty D, and first The duty is maintained at D1. When the PWM duty D is less than the first duty D1 (S110: NO), the calculation unit 24 performs PWM until D1 is reached (S110: YES) or until the current value I exceeds the current threshold Ith (S106: YES). The duty D continues to increase (S105). *
- the calculation unit 24 monitors the voltage instantaneous value V output from the voltage detection circuit 27.
- the calculation unit 24 starts measuring the elapsed time t from the zero cross by the timer 24d and switches the PWM duty D to the first duty D1 (S403).
- the PWM duty D is changed to the second duty D2. (S406). Further, before the first switching timing t1 is reached (S405: NO), if the current value I reaches the current threshold Ith (S404: NO), the calculation unit 24 switches the PWM duty D to the second duty D2 (S406). ).
- the calculation unit 24 monitors the voltage instantaneous value V, and when a new zero cross is detected (S402: YES), the measurement unit 24 starts a new measurement of the elapsed time t from the detected zero cross, and the processing after S403 repeat.
- the PWM duty D is set to the second duty. Pulled down to D2.
- the impact driver according to the fourth embodiment performs PWM duty switching control based not only on the elapsed time from the zero cross of the instantaneous voltage value input to the inverter circuit but also on the current value. Therefore, the occurrence of overcurrent can be reliably suppressed. Therefore, maintenance of the driving power of the motor and prevention of breakage of the switching element are reliably realized.
- the PWM duty is controlled based on both the current value and the zero cross, but a plurality of controls are combined such as the current value and the power supply voltage, the power supply voltage and the zero cross, and the current value, the power supply voltage and the zero cross. May be. In this case, as in the fourth embodiment, an overcurrent suppressing effect can be obtained with certainty.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Control Of Motors That Do Not Use Commutators (AREA)
- Portable Power Tools In General (AREA)
- Inverter Devices (AREA)
Abstract
Description
3 モータ
7 インバータ回路部
7a スイッチング素子
10 トリガスイッチ
20 インバータ回路
22 制御信号出力回路
23 整流回路
24 演算部
26 電流検出回路
27 電圧検出回路
30 商用交流電源
Claims (27)
- モータと、商用電源からの入力電圧を整流する整流回路部と、該整流回路部から出力される整流電圧を前記モータに駆動電力として供給する供給手段と、を有し、前記商用電源の電圧に応じて前記モータのデューティ制御を変更することを特徴とする電動工具。
- 前記商用電源の電圧に応じて前記モータに供給されるデューティ比を変更することを特徴とする請求項1記載の電動工具。
- 前記商用電源の電圧が第1電圧値の場合に第1デューティ比とし、前記第1電圧値より大きい第2電圧値の場合に前記第1デューティ比より小さい第2デューティ比とすることを特徴とする請求項2記載の電動工具。
- 前記商用電源の電圧が大きいほど前記デューティ比を小さくすることを特徴とする請求項2または3記載の電動工具。
- 前記商用電源の電圧が所定電圧までは前記デューティ比を一定とし、前記所定電圧より大きい場合には前記商用電源の電圧が大きいほど前記デューティ比を小さくすることを特徴とする請求項2乃至4の何れか1項に記載の電動工具。
- 前記整流電圧が電圧閾値を超えたら前記デューティ比を小さくすることを特徴とする請求項2乃至5の何れか1項に記載の電動工具。
- 前記整流電圧が前記電圧閾値を超えたら所定時間だけ前記デューティ比を小さくすることを特徴とする請求項6記載の電動工具。
- 前記デューティ比を小さくしてから所定時間経過後に前記デューティ比を大きくすることを特徴とする請求項7記載の電動工具。
- 前記デューティ比を小さくた後に前記整流電圧が前記電圧閾値より小さくなったら前記デューティ比を大きくすることを特徴とする請求項6記載の電動工具。
- 前記デューティ比を小さくする前のデューティ比に戻すことを特徴とする請求項8または9記載の電動工具。
- 前記モータに流れる電流が電流閾値を超えたら前記デューティ比を小さくすることを特徴とする請求項2乃至5の何れか1項に記載の電動工具。
- 前記デューティ比を小さくした後に前記電流が前記電流閾値より小さくなったら前記デューティ比を大きくすることを特徴とする請求項11記載の電動工具。
- 前記デューティ比を小さくする前のデューティ比に戻すことを特徴とする請求項12記載の電動工具。
- 前記電流閾値は前記商用電源の電圧が大きいほど小さく設定されることを特徴とする請求項11乃至13の何れか1項に記載の電動工具。
- 前記交流電源のゼロクロスを検出し、前記ゼロクロスの検出からの経過時間が第1時間を超えると前記デューティ比を小さくし、前記経過時間が前記第1時間より長い第2時間を超えると前記デューティ比を大きくすることを特徴とする請求項2乃至5のいずれかに記載の電動工具。
- 前記第1時間は前記交流電源の電圧が大きいほど短く設定されることを特徴とする請求項15記載の電動工具。
- 前記整流電圧は平滑されずに前記供給手段に供給されることを特徴とする請求項1乃至16の何れか1項に記載の電動工具。
- モータと、電源から前記モータに駆動電力を供給する供給手段と、前記モータに流れる電流値が所定の電流値を超える過電流の発生を抑制する抑制手段と、を有することを特徴とする電動工具。
- 前記抑制手段は、前記駆動電力の実効値を変更する変更手段を有することを特徴とする請求項18記載の電動工具。
- 前記供給手段に入力される電流値を検出する電流検出手段を更に有し、前記変更手段は、検出された前記電流値が電流閾値を超えると、前記実効値を低下させることを特徴とする請求項19に記載の電動工具。
- 前記電源の電源電圧実効値を検出する電源電圧検出手段を更に有し、前記変更手段は、検出された前記電源電圧実効値に応じて前記電流閾値を設定することを特徴とする請求項20に記載の電動工具。
- 前記供給手段に入力される電圧瞬時値を検出する入力電圧検出手段を更に有し、前記変更手段は、検出された前記電圧瞬時値が電圧閾値を超えると、前記実効値を低下させることを特徴とする請求項19に記載の電動工具。
- 前記電源の電源電圧実効値を検出する電源電圧検出手段を更に有し、前記変更手段は、検出された前記電源電圧実効値に応じて前記電圧閾値を設定することを特徴とする請求項22に記載の電動工具。
- 前記供給手段に入力される交流電力のゼロクロスを検出するゼロクロス検出手段を更に有し、前記変更手段は、前記ゼロクロスの検出からの経過時間が第1時間閾値を超えると、前記実効値を低下させ、前記経過時間が前記第1時間閾値よりも長い第2時間閾値を超えると、前記実効値を上昇させることを特徴とする請求項19に記載の電動工具。
- 前記電源の電源電圧実効値を検出する電源電圧検出手段と、前記交流電力の半周期を検出する周期検出手段と、を更に有し、前記変更手段は、検出された前記電源電圧実効値に応じて、前記第1時間閾値を設定し、検出された前記半周期から前記第2時間閾値を減じた値を第2時間閾値として設定することを特徴とする請求項24に記載の電動工具。
- 前記供給手段は、インバータ回路であり、前記変更手段は、前記インバータ回路により前記モータに供給される前記駆動電力のデューティ比を変更することを特徴とする請求項19乃至25の何れか1項に記載の電動工具。
- 前記電源は商用電源であり、 前記供給手段は前記商用電源の電圧を平滑せずに前記モータに供給することを特徴とする請求項18乃至26の何れか1項に記載の電動工具。
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US14/894,238 US20160111984A1 (en) | 2013-05-31 | 2014-05-16 | Power tool |
JP2015519783A JP6035699B2 (ja) | 2013-05-31 | 2014-05-16 | 電動工具 |
CN201480028364.9A CN105209222B (zh) | 2013-05-31 | 2014-05-16 | 电动工具 |
EP14804438.1A EP3006166A4 (en) | 2013-05-31 | 2014-05-16 | Power tool |
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EP3299127A1 (en) | 2016-06-24 | 2018-03-28 | Black & Decker Inc. | Control scheme for operating cordless power tool based on battery temperature |
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WO2019184975A1 (zh) * | 2018-03-28 | 2019-10-03 | 南京德朔实业有限公司 | 电动工具及其控制方法 |
US20210159818A1 (en) * | 2019-01-28 | 2021-05-27 | Ridge Tool Company | Soft start for power tool with momentary switch and mechanical direction selection switch |
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2014
- 2014-05-16 JP JP2015519783A patent/JP6035699B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2014-05-16 WO PCT/JP2014/063074 patent/WO2014192559A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2014-05-16 EP EP14804438.1A patent/EP3006166A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2014-05-16 CN CN201480028364.9A patent/CN105209222B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2014-05-16 US US14/894,238 patent/US20160111984A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JPH05317561A (ja) | 1992-05-27 | 1993-12-03 | Brother Ind Ltd | ミシン |
JP2010162672A (ja) * | 2009-01-19 | 2010-07-29 | Hitachi Koki Co Ltd | 電動工具 |
JP2012196724A (ja) * | 2011-03-18 | 2012-10-18 | Hitachi Koki Co Ltd | 電動工具 |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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See also references of EP3006166A4 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN105209222A (zh) | 2015-12-30 |
CN105209222B (zh) | 2017-12-05 |
US20160111984A1 (en) | 2016-04-21 |
EP3006166A1 (en) | 2016-04-13 |
JP6035699B2 (ja) | 2016-11-30 |
JPWO2014192559A1 (ja) | 2017-02-23 |
EP3006166A4 (en) | 2017-04-19 |
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