WO2014185295A1 - 多気筒エンジンの動弁装置 - Google Patents
多気筒エンジンの動弁装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014185295A1 WO2014185295A1 PCT/JP2014/062166 JP2014062166W WO2014185295A1 WO 2014185295 A1 WO2014185295 A1 WO 2014185295A1 JP 2014062166 W JP2014062166 W JP 2014062166W WO 2014185295 A1 WO2014185295 A1 WO 2014185295A1
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- cam
- cam element
- cylinder
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L13/00—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations
- F01L13/0015—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for optimising engine performances by modifying valve lift according to various working parameters, e.g. rotational speed, load, torque
- F01L13/0036—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for optimising engine performances by modifying valve lift according to various working parameters, e.g. rotational speed, load, torque the valves being driven by two or more cams with different shape, size or timing or a single cam profiled in axial and radial direction
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
- F01L1/02—Valve drive
- F01L1/04—Valve drive by means of cams, camshafts, cam discs, eccentrics or the like
- F01L1/08—Shape of cams
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
- F01L1/02—Valve drive
- F01L1/04—Valve drive by means of cams, camshafts, cam discs, eccentrics or the like
- F01L1/047—Camshafts
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
- F01L1/12—Transmitting gear between valve drive and valve
- F01L1/18—Rocking arms or levers
- F01L1/185—Overhead end-pivot rocking arms
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L13/00—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations
- F01L13/0015—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for optimising engine performances by modifying valve lift according to various working parameters, e.g. rotational speed, load, torque
- F01L13/0036—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for optimising engine performances by modifying valve lift according to various working parameters, e.g. rotational speed, load, torque the valves being driven by two or more cams with different shape, size or timing or a single cam profiled in axial and radial direction
- F01L13/0042—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for optimising engine performances by modifying valve lift according to various working parameters, e.g. rotational speed, load, torque the valves being driven by two or more cams with different shape, size or timing or a single cam profiled in axial and radial direction with cams being profiled in axial and radial direction
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
- F01L1/02—Valve drive
- F01L1/04—Valve drive by means of cams, camshafts, cam discs, eccentrics or the like
- F01L1/047—Camshafts
- F01L1/053—Camshafts overhead type
- F01L2001/0535—Single overhead camshafts [SOHC]
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L13/00—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations
- F01L13/0015—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for optimising engine performances by modifying valve lift according to various working parameters, e.g. rotational speed, load, torque
- F01L13/0036—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for optimising engine performances by modifying valve lift according to various working parameters, e.g. rotational speed, load, torque the valves being driven by two or more cams with different shape, size or timing or a single cam profiled in axial and radial direction
- F01L2013/0052—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for optimising engine performances by modifying valve lift according to various working parameters, e.g. rotational speed, load, torque the valves being driven by two or more cams with different shape, size or timing or a single cam profiled in axial and radial direction with cams provided on an axially slidable sleeve
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L13/00—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations
- F01L13/0015—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for optimising engine performances by modifying valve lift according to various working parameters, e.g. rotational speed, load, torque
- F01L2013/0078—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for optimising engine performances by modifying valve lift according to various working parameters, e.g. rotational speed, load, torque by modification of cam contact point by axially displacing the camshaft
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L2305/00—Valve arrangements comprising rollers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a valve operating device for a multi-cylinder engine for vehicles and the like, and more particularly to a valve operating device capable of switching a cam for opening and closing a valve, and belongs to the technical field of engine valve operating devices.
- valve operating system for a multi-cylinder engine As a valve operating system for a multi-cylinder engine, a plurality of cams having different nose shapes with respect to one valve of each cylinder are provided, and by selecting a cam for opening and closing the valve from these cams, It is known that the valve opening amount, the opening / closing valve timing, and the like can be switched according to the operating state of the engine.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a cam element portion including a camshaft including a shaft portion and a cylindrical cam element portion that is spline-fitted on the shaft portion so as to be movable in the axial direction.
- a camshaft including a shaft portion and a cylindrical cam element portion that is spline-fitted on the shaft portion so as to be movable in the axial direction.
- Disclosed is an arrangement in which a plurality of adjacent cams having different nose shapes are provided on the outer periphery of one valve for one valve, and the cam element portion is moved in the axial direction to switch the cam for opening and closing the valve. Has been.
- valve gear of Patent Document 1 a plurality of cam element portions are provided corresponding to each cylinder of a multi-cylinder engine, and end face cams are formed on both end faces of the cam element portions.
- the valve gear of the literature is provided with the operation member provided so that it could protrude and retract with respect to the opposing position of an end surface cam. The operating member is driven by the actuator to protrude, and engages with the end face cam when protruding. As a result, the cam element portion is moved in the axial direction, and the cam is switched.
- a single operating member is disposed between adjacent cylinders, and the two operating cam elements are arranged close to each other. It can be considered that the cams are switched between the cam element portions separated in the axial direction by projecting between the opposing end face cams and engaging with the respective end face cams.
- the ignition order is the order of the third cylinder, the fourth cylinder, the second cylinder, and the first cylinder
- the 2nd and 3rd cylinders are adjacent
- the firing order is not continuous.
- the lift portion of the end face cam overlaps with the protruding position of the operating member when the nose portion does not open or close the valve (the protruding operating member) And overlap with each other when viewed in the axial direction). That is, both the lift portion and the reference surface (the portion that is not the lift portion) of the end face cam are set based on the phase of the nose portion.
- the phases of the nose portions of the two end face cams facing each other between these cylinders are not in a continuous relationship.
- the angle range where the two reference surfaces of the two end face cams overlap each other is divided into two, and each becomes a narrow angle range.
- the timing at which the operating member can be protruded is limited to when the reference surfaces of the two opposing end face cams overlap the protruding position of the operating member.
- the angle range where the two reference planes overlap is narrower than when the firing order is continuous. For this reason, the period during which the operating member can be projected is shortened between the cylinders whose ignition order is not continuous.
- the present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and is capable of easily performing a cam switching operation at a high engine speed while reducing the number of parts and reducing the size of the engine. It aims at obtaining the valve gear of this.
- the present invention includes at least a pair of cylinders that are arranged adjacent to each other and the ignition order is not continuous, and at least a pair of cylinders that are arranged adjacent to each other and the ignition order is continuous.
- the present invention relates to a valve gear provided in a multi-cylinder engine.
- the valve operating apparatus includes a shaft portion extending in a cylinder row direction, and a plurality of cam element portions that are provided for each cylinder and that are fitted to the shaft portion so as to rotate integrally with the shaft portion and move in the axial direction. And an operating mechanism that moves the plurality of cam element portions in the axial direction with respect to the shaft portion.
- the cam element portion has two cam portions adjacent to each other in the axial direction having a common base circle and different nose shapes for each valve of each cylinder. End cams are provided at both ends.
- the operating mechanism is controlled by an actuator so as to be movable between an operation position that enters an axially opposing position with each end face cam of the plurality of cam element portions and a retracted position that is retracted from the opposing position of the end face cam.
- a cam that has a plurality of driven operation members, and that opens and closes the valves of each cylinder by engaging each operation member moved to the operating position with the end face cam and moving the cam element portion in the axial direction. The part is switched.
- the plurality of operation members are provided in common between end face cams facing each other in cam element portions of two cylinders that are arranged adjacent to each other and in which the ignition sequence is continuous, and each end face cam is located near both cam element portions. And a common operation member that engages with each other, an end face cam that is disposed adjacent to each other, and an end face cam that is located at the end of the cylinder row of the cam element portions of two cylinders that are not ignited in sequence. And individual operation members engaged with the respective end face cams.
- valve operating apparatus for a multi-cylinder engine it is possible to easily perform a cam switching operation at a high engine speed while reducing the number of parts and reducing the size of the engine.
- FIG. 1 is a side view showing a schematic configuration of an exhaust side valve operating apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention. It is a front view of the said valve operating apparatus by the x direction arrow of FIG.
- FIG. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view taken along line yy in FIG. 1. It is a side view which shows the state which switched the cam part which opens and closes a valve from the state of FIG. It is a perspective view of a cam element part single-piece
- FIG. 6 is a main part development view developed along the circumference of the end face cam in order to show an angular range in which the operation member can project when the cam element part is moved from the second position to the first position.
- It is a side view which shows the structure of the outline of the exhaust side valve operating apparatus which concerns on 2nd Embodiment of this invention.
- It is a front view of the said valve operating apparatus by the x direction arrow of FIG.
- It is a front view of the cam element part of FIG.
- It is a side view of the cam element part of a 2nd cylinder or a 3rd cylinder.
- It is a front view of the cam element part of FIG.
- FIG. 1 shows an exhaust-side configuration of the valve gear according to the first embodiment.
- the cylinder head (not shown), for urging two by two for each of the first to fourth cylinders 1 1 to 1 4, and a total of eight exhaust valves A ... A, these exhaust valves A ... A in the closing direction the return Spring B ... B is provided.
- the valve operating apparatus includes a camshaft 2 provided at an upper portion of the cylinder head for opening and closing the exhaust valves A... A, and an operation mechanism 30 provided above the camshaft 2.
- the camshaft 2 presses the exhaust valves A ... A via the rocker arms C ... C to open and close the exhaust valves A ... A against the urging force of the return springs B ... B.
- This cam shaft 2 includes a cap member E ... E attached to an upper portion of the vertical wall portion D ... D and the vertical wall portion D ... D provided at the center position of each cylinder 1 1 to 1 4 in the cylinder head It is rotatably supported by the bearing portions F... F that are configured, and is rotationally driven via a chain by a crankshaft (not shown).
- the cam shaft 2 includes a shaft portion 10, is splined to the shaft portion 10, first through fourth cam elements 20 1 to which is movable integrally rotated and axially with the shaft portion 10 and a 20 4. These cam element 20 1 to 20 4, in correspondence with the cylinders 1 1 to 1 4 are arranged in rows on the shaft portion 10.
- the operation mechanism 30 includes six electromagnetic operation devices 30 1 to 30 6 that move the cam element portions 20 1 to 20 4 along the shaft portion 10.
- a first cylinder 1 1 on the side located on one side of the cylinder bank as the front, in order from the front, the first control device 30 1 to the front end position of the cylinder row, first, second cylinder 1 1, 1 2 between second operating device position 30 2, second, third cylinder 1 2, 1 3 3 at a position between the fourth operating unit 30 3, 30 4, third and fourth cylinder 1 3, 1 4 5 operation device 30 5 at a position between the sixth operation device 30 6 are respectively arranged at the rear end position of the cylinder row.
- Each of the operating devices 30 1 to 30 6 of the operating mechanism 30 includes a main body 31 having a built-in electromagnetic actuator and an operating position protruding from the main body 31 from a retracted position retracted into the main body 31 by energizing the electromagnetic actuator. It has the pin part 32 as an operating member to move.
- the first operating device 30 1 (same as the second, third, fifth, and sixth operating devices 30 2 , 30 3 , 30 5 , and 30 6 ) has the camshaft 2 sandwiched therebetween.
- the rocker arm C is disposed on the substantially opposite side of the cam follower C ′.
- Fourth operation device 30 4 a predetermined angle (e.g., approximately 30 °) to the other of the operating device is disposed on the front side in the rotational direction X.
- These operating devices 30 1 to 30 6 are respectively arranged so that the pin portion 32 faces the axis of the camshaft 2.
- the operation devices 30 1 to 30 6 are respectively attached to pedestal portions G ... G formed integrally with cap members E ... E constituting the bearing portions F ... F.
- the pin portions 32 of the first, third, fourth, and sixth operating devices 30 1 , 30 3 , 30 4 , and 30 6 have a cylindrical shape.
- the second pin portion 32 of the fifth operation device 30 2, 30 5 forms a stepped shape, in order from the distal end side, and has a small-diameter portion 32a, the large diameter portion 32b, and the medium diameter portion 32c .
- the detent mechanism 40 are respectively provided in the fitting portion of the shaft portion 10 and the respective cam element 20 1 to 20 4.
- the detent mechanism 40 is disposed in a hole 41 formed in the radial direction from the outer peripheral surface of the shaft portion 10, a spring 42 accommodated in the hole 41, and an opening portion of the hole 41.
- a detent ball 43 urged so as to jump outward from the outer peripheral surface of the portion 10 in the radial direction, and two peripheral portions provided adjacent to the inner peripheral surface of the cam element portions 20 1 to 20 4 in the axial direction. Grooves 44 1 and 44 2 .
- the cam element portion 20 1 (20 2 to 20 4 ) has a cylindrical shape, and the outer peripheral surface of the intermediate portion is a journal portion 21 supported by the bearing portion F. On both the front and rear sides of the journal part 21, there are provided two exhaust valves A and A operating parts 22 and 22 for the cylinder. Each of the operating parts 22 and 22 has, for example, a lift amount for low engine rotation. and There small first cam portion 22 1, for example, the lift amount for the time of high engine speed and a 2 larger second cam portion 22 provided adjacent.
- the first cam part 22 1 and the second cam part 22 2 have nose parts b 1 and b 2 with different lift amounts, respectively, and each nose part b 1 , b 2 are provided aligned phase on a common base circle a. Then, these first cam portion 22 1 and 2 the second cam portion 22, the two actuation portions 22, respectively by matching the order and nose portion b 1, b 2 of the phase aligned in the longitudinal direction Is provided.
- the base circle a is the common base circle diameter of the base circle a of the first cam portion 22 1 and the second cam portion 22 2 is meant to be the same.
- the first cam portion 22 1 is the front
- the second cam portion 22 2 is disposed to the rear
- the in 2 cam element 20 2 and the fourth cam element 20 4 2 second cam portion 22 forwardly
- 1 first cam portion 22 is disposed in the rear.
- cam element portions 20 1 to 20 4 are positioned at the first position on the shaft portion 10 by the detent mechanism 40, as shown in FIG. 1, in any of the cam element portions 20 1 to 20 4
- the two first cam portions 22 1 and 22 1 are positioned corresponding to the two rocker arms C and C followers C ′ and C ′ (see FIG. 2) of the corresponding cylinder, and are positioned at the second position on the shaft portion 10.
- the second cam portions 22 2 and 22 2 are set so as to correspond to the cam followers C ′ and C ′.
- the firing order of the cylinders are the third cylinder 1 3 ⁇ the fourth cylinder 1 4 ⁇ the second cylinder 1 2 ⁇ first cylinder 1 1. Therefore, the first cam portions 22 1 of the cam element portions 20 1 to 20 4 or the nose portions b 1 and b 2 of the second cam portions 22 2 are arranged in accordance with the ignition sequence every 90 ° rotation of the cam shaft 2.
- the first to fourth cam element portions 20 1 to 20 4 are spline-fitted to the shaft portion 10 with a phase difference of 90 ° so as to press the cam followers C ′ and C ′ of the cylinder in order.
- end cams 23 and 23 are respectively provided at the front and rear end portions (both end portions in the axial direction) of the respective cam element portions 20 1 to 20 4 .
- the end face cams 23 and 23 at both front and rear ends are respectively reference surfaces formed along a plane orthogonal to the axis of the cam element portion 20 1 (20 2 to 20 4 ). c and a lift portion d that protrudes symmetrically forward or backward in the axial direction from the reference plane c.
- the lift part d has a predetermined angle range ⁇ (for example, about 120 °) from the lift start position e to the lift end position f, and is lifted from the reference plane c (lift amount zero).
- the lift amount in the axial direction is formed so as to gradually increase. Specifically, the lift amount of the lift part d is set so as to increase toward the front side in the rotational direction X of the camshaft 2 within the predetermined angle range ⁇ and return to zero at the lift end position f.
- each cam element 20 1 to 20 4 are splined to the shaft portion 10 each provided a predetermined phase difference in accordance with the firing order of the cylinders 1 1 to 1 4 Accordingly, the cams 23 and 23 facing each other of the cam element portions 20 1 to 20 4 are also facing each other with a phase difference.
- Pin part 32 of the second operation device 30 2 wherein referred to the claim is intended to correspond to the "common operation member", adjacent disposed and the first cylinder 1 1 and the second cylinder firing order is consecutive 1 2
- the cam element portions 20 1 and 20 2 are arranged between the end face cams 23 and 23 facing each other. Pin part 32 of the second operation device 30 2, by moving (projects) in the operative position when the cam element 20 1, 20 2 is in the first position, the cam element 20 1, 20 2, respectively Move to 2 position.
- Pin part 32 of the fifth operation device 30 5 is equivalent to the "common operation member" in the claims, the adjacent disposed and the third cylinder 1 3 and the fourth cylinder 1 4 firing order is continuous
- the cam element portions 20 3 and 20 4 are disposed between the end face cams 23 and 23 facing each other.
- Pin part 32 of the fifth operation device 30 5 by moving (projects) in the operative position when the cam element 20 3, 20 4 is in the first position, the cam element 20 3, 20 4, respectively Move to 2 position.
- the pin portion 32 of the second operation device 30 2 or the fifth operation device 30 5 is in a state corresponding two cam elements are close (first position), and opposite the two cam elements
- the reference surfaces c of the end cams 23 and 23 to be overlapped with the protruding position of the pin portion 32 overlapping the protruding pin portion 32 in the axial direction
- the pin portion 32 moved to the operating position is sequentially engaged with the end face cams 23 and 23 as the cam shaft 2 rotates, thereby moving the two adjacent cam element portions away from each other.
- the second, fifth operation device 30 2, 30 5 non-operating device i.e. the first, third, fourth, sixth operating device 30 1, 30 3, 30 4, 30 6-pin section 32 of ... 32 corresponds to an “individual operation member” in the claims. That is, the first control device 30 1 of the pin portion 32 is of the dedicated to the end face cam 23 located at the end of one side of the cylinder bank (front end cam 23 of the cam element 20 1), the sixth operation pin of the device 30 6 32 is dedicated to the end cam 23 located at the end of the other side of the cylinder bank (the end cam 23 of the rear side of the cam element 20 4).
- Third pin portion 32 of the operating device 30 3, cam element 20 2 of the second cylinder 1 2 and the third cylinder 1 3 and firing order are arranged adjacent are not consecutive, 20 3 of the end cam 23 to face each other are those dedicated to one (front cam 23) of 23, the pin portion 32 of the fourth operating unit 30 4 is dedicated to the other (rear side of the cam 23) of the end cam 23 belongs to.
- the pin portions 32... 32 of the first, third, fourth, and sixth operating devices 30 1 , 30 3 , 30 4 , and 30 6 are provided when the cam element portions 20 1 to 20 4 are in the second position. Then, the cam element portions 20 1 to 20 4 are individually moved to the first position by moving (projecting) to the operating positions.
- the first control device 30 1 of the pin portion 32 is in the state first cam element 20 1 is in the second position of the front portion, with the first cam element 20 1 of the front end face cam 23 moves to the operating position facing axially by engaging the end face cam 23 with rotation of the cam shaft 2, as illustrated in Figure 1, the rear lateral deviation of the first cam element 20 1 first Move to position.
- the pin portion 32 of the third operating unit 30 3 while in the second position of the second cam element 20 2 After closer, with the second side of the end face cam 23 after the cam element 20 2 moves to the operating position facing axially by engaging the end face cam 23 with rotation of the cam shaft 2, moves the second cam element 20 2 to the first position of the front portion.
- the movement (protrusion) of the pin portions 32 of the operation devices 30 1 to 30 6 to the operating position is performed at the following timing. That is, the protrusion of each pin portion 32 (individual operation member) in the first, third, fourth, and sixth operation devices 30 1 , 30 3 , 30 4 , and 30 6 is caused by the reference surface c of the corresponding end cam 23 It is performed at a timing that overlaps the protruding position of the pin portion 32 (overlaps with the protruding pin portion 32 in the axial direction).
- each pin portion 32 (common operation member) in the fifth operation device 30 2, 30 5
- the pin portion 32 is the reference plane c, c of both the two end cam 23 to face each other It is performed at the timing overlapping with the protruding position of.
- the movement of the cam element portions 20 1 to 20 4 accompanying the movement (protrusion) of the pin portion 32 to the operating position causes the cam follower C ′ of the rocker arm C to move to the first cam portion 22 1 or the second cam portion 22 2.
- a lift start position (start position of the lift part d) e of the end face cam 23 is set at a position away from the front side in the direction X by a predetermined angle, and the end face cam 23 is placed at a position away from the rear side in the rotation direction X by a predetermined angle.
- the f (end position of the lift unit d) lifting end position first, second cam portions 22 1, 22 2 of the nose portion b 1, b 2 and the lift portion d and is to overlap the end face cam 23 It is considered as a positional relationship.
- a first return cam 50 and a second return cam 51 are provided to restrict the movement of the pin portions 32, 32 from the retracted position to the operating position.
- First return cam 50 is provided so as to correspond positioned to the front or first operating device 30 first cam element 20 1
- the second return cam 51 is a rear or second operating device cam element 20 1 30 2 It is provided so that it may correspond to.
- the first return cam 50 is formed so as to protrude in the radial direction at a first reference surface 50a having a substantially cylindrical shape and one end portion of the first reference surface 50a. It has the 1st slope part 50b and the 1st control part 50c, and the 1st attaching part 50d (FIG. 6) formed in the other end part of the 1st reference surface 50a.
- First return cam 50 is attached to the first front of the cam element 20 1 via the first mounting portion 50d.
- the second return cam 51 protrudes in the radial direction at the second reference surface 51 a having a substantially cylindrical shape and at one end of the second reference surface 51 a. It has the 2nd slope part 51b and the 2nd control part 51c which were formed so that it might do, and the 2nd attaching part 51d (Drawing 6) formed in the other end part of the 2nd reference surface 51a. Second return cam 51 is attached to the first rear portion of the cam element 20 1 via the second mounting portion 51d.
- the first slope portion 50b is gradually increased lift relative to the reference surface 50a of the vicinity of the starting point of the end position f of the end cam 23 is zero And is connected to the first restricting portion 50c at the end position 50e of the first slope portion 50b.
- the first restricting portion 50c is continuous to the rear side in the rotation direction X with respect to the first slope portion 50b and is formed to have a constant radius, and is formed on the reference surface 50a in the vicinity of the start position e of the end face cam 23. It is formed to return.
- Radius of the first reference surface 50a, the first operation device 30 1 of the pin portion 32 in an actuated position shown by chain line in FIG. 7 and the first reference surface 50a is set to a value that does not abut.
- Radius of the first restricting portion 50c is the outer peripheral surface of the end cam 23 is substantially the same radius, as the first operation device 30 1 of the pin portion 32 in the retracted position such that the first restricting portion 50c does not abut value Is set to
- the shape of the second return cam 51 is the same. That is, in a state in which the second return cam 51 is attached to the first cam element 20 1, the second slope portion 51b is a lift amount with respect to the reference surface 51a to the starting point in the vicinity of the end position f of the end cam 23 is zero It is formed so as to increase gradually, and is connected to the second restricting portion 51c at the second slope portion end position 51e.
- the second restricting portion 51c is continuous to the front side in the rotational direction X with respect to the second slope portion 51b and is formed to have a certain radius, and is formed on the reference surface 51a in the vicinity of the start position e of the end face cam 23. It is formed to return.
- the radius of the second reference surface 51a is a second operation unit 30 2 of the pin portion 32 and the second reference surface 51a is set to a value so as not to contact an actuated position shown by chain line in FIG. 8 .
- Radius of the second restricting portion 51c is between the outer peripheral surface slightly smaller radius than the end cam 23, the small diameter portion 32a of the second operation device 30 2 of the pin portion 32 in the retracted position and the second regulating portion 51c comes The value is set so as not to touch.
- the large diameter portion 32b of the pin portion 32 does not contact the outer peripheral surface of the end face cam 23 when the pin portion 32 is in the retracted position.
- the axial position of the second slope portion 51b and a second restricting portion 51c, the second slope portion 51b and a second restricting portion 51c when the first cam element 20 1 is in the second position the second operating device with opposite located 30 second pin portion 32, the first cam element 20 1 and the second slope portion 51b and a second restricting portion 51c is the second operation device 30 2 of the pin portion 32 when in the first position It is set not to face each other.
- the first return cam 50 is disposed corresponding to the first, third, fourth, and sixth operating devices 30 1 , 30 3 , 30 4 , and 30 6 having pinhole-shaped pin portions 32... 32. After the cam elements 20 1 to 20 4 have finished moving from the second position to the first position by these operating devices 30 1 , 30 3 , 30 4 , 30 6 , the first slope portion 50 b and the first restriction The part 50c is configured to act on the pin parts 32... 32 of each operating device.
- the first return cam 50, 1 of the front first cam element 20, and the rear of the second cam element 20 2, and the third front portion of the cam element 20 3 , the rear portion of the fourth cam element 20 4, are respectively attached.
- the pin portions 32 of the first, third, fourth, and sixth operating devices 30 1 , 30 3 , 30 4 , and 30 6 are provided. ... 32 movement to the operating position is restricted by the first return cam 50 over a predetermined angular range.
- Second return cam 51 the second having a pin portion 32 of the stepped shape, are arranged corresponding to the fifth operation device 30 2, 30 5, these operating device 30 2, the 30 5 after the cam element 20 1 to 20 4 has finished moving from the first position to the second position, the second slope portion 51b, the second restricting portion 51c is the operation device 30 2, 30 5 of the pin portions 32, 32 It is comprised so that it may act on.
- the second return cam 51, second to 5 operating device 30 2, 30 5 by separating direction (from the first position to the second position) towards the moving order is slower of the two cam elements being moved It is attached only to the cam element part.
- the second, the second return cam 51 pushes each pin portion 32 of the fifth operation device 30 2, 30 5 (second slope portion 51b and a second restricting portion 51c), as shown in FIG. 4, the first in the front portion of the cam element 20 1 of the rear and the fourth cam element 20 4, are respectively attached.
- the cam 51 is regulated over a predetermined angle range.
- the cam element portions 20 1 to 20 4 when the first to fourth cam element portions 20 1 to 20 4 are in the first position at the time of low engine rotation, the cam element portions 20 1 to 20 4 In both cases, the first cam portions 22 1 , 22 1 having a small lift amount at the operating portions 22, 22 at both ends are positioned corresponding to the cam followers C ′, C ′ of the rocker arms C, C. Then, with the rotation of the camshaft 2, in the firing order of the above, the exhaust valves A ... A of the cylinders 1 1 to 1 4 during the exhaust stroke is opened at a relatively small opening amount.
- the pin portion 32 of the second operation device 30 2 first to be in the first position is in a state close to each other, the second cam element members 20 1, 20 2 of the opposite end cam 23 It enters in between and engages with these end face cams 23, 23.
- the pin portion 32 has an angle at which the reference surfaces c and c where the lift amounts of the end cams 23 and 23 of the first and second cam element portions 20 1 and 20 2 are zero are opposed to each other.
- the range R1 is entered. In other words, the pin portion 32 is inserted between the end surface cams 23 and 23 at the timing when the portion of the angle range R1 where the reference surfaces c and c face each other is positioned below the pin portion 32.
- the pin portion 32 of the fifth operation device 30 5, third, between the fourth cam elements 20 3, 20 4 of the opposite end cam 23, 23 In the first position is in a state close to each other , And engages with these end face cams 23, 23.
- the pin 32 first, similarly to the second case of the cam elements 20 1, 20 2, by first moving the third cam element 20 3 to the second position, then the fourth cam the element portion 20 4 is moved to the second position. Thereafter, the pin 32 is pushed back forcibly to the retracted position by the fourth second return cam 51 attached to the cam element 20 4.
- the fourth cam element 20 4 in a state located in the second position, the movement to the working position of the pin portion 32 of the fifth operation device 20 5, attached to the front portion of the fourth cam element 20 4
- the second restricting portion 51c of the two return cam 51 is restricted over a predetermined angle range.
- the first to fourth cam element portions 20 1 to 20 4 all move from the first position to the second position, and as shown in FIG. 4, the first to fourth cam element portions 20 1 to 20 4 in any case, the second cam portion 22 2, 22 2 rocker arm C, the cam follower of the C C ', C' position corresponding to the exhaust valves a ... a of the cylinders 1 1 to 1 4 during the exhaust stroke is relatively The valve is opened with a large valve opening amount.
- movement to the operating device 30 2, 30 5 operating position of the pin portions 32 of is regulated in a predetermined angular range.
- the angle of the pin portion 32 of the third operating unit 30 3, corresponding to the reference plane c of the second cam element 20 2 of the rear end face cam 23 in the second position The range R2 is entered.
- the pin portion 32 enters the position facing the end face cam 23 at the timing when the portion of the angle range R2 corresponding to the reference surface c is located below the pin portion 32.
- the first cam element 20 1 is moved to the first position is pushed rearward by the first control device 30 1. Then, the first control device 30 1 of the pin portion 32 is pushed back to the retracted position by the first return cam 50 attached to the first front of the cam element 20 1 in a first position, to the working position Movement is restricted over a predetermined angular range.
- the fourth operation device 30 4 third cam element 20 3 is moved to the first position is pushed rearward. Then, the pin portion 32 of the fourth operating unit 30 4 is pushed back to the retracted position by the third first return cam 50 attached to the front of the cam element 20 3 at the first position, to the working position Movement is restricted over a predetermined angular range.
- the sixth operation device 30 6 fourth cam element 20 4 is moved to the first position is pushed forward. Then, the pin portion 32 of the sixth operation device 30 6, the first return is pushed back to the retracted position by the cam 50 attached to the fourth rear of cam element 20 4 in a first position, it moves to the working position Is regulated over a predetermined angular range.
- the cam element portions 20 1 to 20 4 are moved from the second position to the first position, the cam element portions 20 1 to 20 4 are used to move from the second position to the first position.
- the movement of the first, third, fourth, and sixth operating devices 30 1 , 30 3 , 30 4 , and 30 6 to the operating positions of the pin portions 32... 32 is restricted over a predetermined angular range.
- the first and the ignition sequence are located adjacent to the continuous, in the second operation unit 30 2 is disposed at a position between the second cylinder 1 1, 1 2 cage, first, by protruding the second operation device 30 2 to the second cam elements 20 1, 20 2 in the nearby (when in the first position), first, second cam elements 20 1, 20 2 the separating direction (from the first position to the second position) can be moved.
- the fifth operation device 30 5 is disposed in a position between the fourth cylinder 1 3, 1 4, third and fourth cam elements 20 3, 20 4 in the nearby (when in the first position) by projecting the fifth operation device 30 5, third, fourth cam elements 20 3, 20 4 in the separating direction (first position To the second position).
- the cam element portions that are close to each other can be moved apart in the axial direction.
- the number of parts of the operating device can be reduced as compared with the case where two operating devices are arranged at the position between the cylinders.
- the third and second end cams 23 and 23 of the cam elements 20 2 and 20 3 of the second and third cylinders 1 2 and 1 3 that are arranged adjacent to each other and do not have the ignition sequence are not corresponding to each other.
- 4 operating devices 30 3 , 30 4 are arranged, and pin portions 32, 32 are respectively projected from the operating devices 30 3 , 30 4 and engaged with the end face cams 23, 23, whereby each cam element portion 20 2 and 20 3 can be moved in the axial direction.
- third and fourth operating devices 30 3 and 30 4 are provided for the end face cams 23 and 23, the pin portions 32 protrude from the operating devices 30 3 and 30 4 , respectively.
- the possible timing is not limited to an angle range in which the reference surfaces c and c of the both end surface cams 23 and 23 overlap, but is an angle range R2 of the reference surface c of each end surface cam 23 (see FIG. 12).
- the pin portions 32 and 32 are compared to a case where a single operating device is provided.
- the range of angles that can be projected can be expanded. Therefore, the cam portion switching operation is performed by appropriately moving the pin portions 32 and 32 to the operating position even during high engine rotation without increasing the protruding speed of the pin portion 32 by increasing the size of the actuator. be able to.
- the cam elements 20 1 to 20 4 positioned corresponding to the pin 32 are moved in the axial direction by the pin 32 moved to the operating position, the cam elements are provided in the cam element.
- the pin portion 32 can be pushed back to the retracted position by the first slope portion 50b or the second slope portion 51b. That is, while the cam element portions 20 1 to 20 4 are reliably moved during one rotation of the camshaft 2, the pin portions 32 to 32 can be reliably moved to the retracted position.
- the pin portions 32... 32 of the first, third, fourth, and sixth operating devices 30 1 , 30 3 , 30 4 , and 30 6 are provided.
- the movement to the operating position is restricted over a predetermined angle range by the first restricting portion 50c formed continuously with the first slope portion 50b.
- the movement of the pin portions 32 and 32 of the second and fifth operating devices 30 2 and 30 5 to the operating position is the second slope.
- the second restriction part 51c formed continuously with the part 51b is restricted over a predetermined angle range.
- the second return cam 51 corresponding to the second operation device 30 2 disposed between adjacent two cylinders arranged and firing order consecutive 1 1, 1 2, the second operation device 30 2 pins two mobile order of cam element 20 1, 20 2 is moved is provided only on the first cam element 20 1 of the later in the detaching direction by the part 32.
- the second return cam 51 corresponding to the fifth operation device 30 5 disposed between adjacent two cylinders 1 3 disposed and firing order is continuous, 1 4, the fifth operation device 30 5 movement sequence of the separation direction to be moved two cam elements 20 3, 20 4 are provided only in the fourth cam element 20 4 of the later by a pin 32.
- valve operating apparatus for a multi-cylinder engine it is possible to easily perform the cam switching operation at the time of high engine rotation while reducing the number of parts and reducing the size of the engine.
- FIG. 16 shows the configuration of the exhaust side of the valve gear according to the second embodiment.
- the valve gear includes a camshaft 2 and an operation mechanism 30.
- Camshaft 2 includes a shaft portion 10, splined to the shaft portion 10, the first through fourth cam elements 20 1 to 20 4 which is movable integrally rotated and axially the shaft portion 10 have.
- the operation mechanism 30 includes six electromagnetic operation devices 30 1 to 30 6 that move the cam element portions 20 1 to 20 4 along the shaft portion 10.
- Each of the operating devices 30 1 to 30 6 includes a main body 31 having a built-in electromagnetic actuator, a substantially cylindrical pin portion 32 (operation member) that can protrude from the main body 31 when the electromagnetic actuator is energized, and the pin portion. And a return spring (not shown) that presses and urges 32 toward the main body 31 side.
- the pin portion 32 In a state in which the electromagnetic actuator is not energized, the pin portion 32 is held at the upper retracted position by the urging force of the return spring, as indicated by a dotted line in FIG.
- the electromagnetic actuator is energized, as shown by a solid line in FIG. 17, the pin portion 32 protrudes downward against the return spring and moves to the operating position.
- the operating devices 30 1 to 30 6 are arranged so that the pin portion 32 faces the axis of the camshaft 2 on the opposite side of the cam follower C ′ in the rocker arm C across the camshaft 2. ing. In the case of this embodiment, the operating devices 30 1 to 30 6 are attached in the same direction to the cylinder head cover G that covers the camshaft 2 from above.
- Energization of the respective operating device 30 1 to 30 6 are energized based on a detection signal from the engine rotational angle sensor (not shown), to predetermined engine rotational angle period, to each of the operating device 30 1 to 30 6 by a computer (not shown) Done by instruction.
- FIGS. 19 to 23 will be described in more detail as a first example cam element 20 1 and the second cam element 20 2 The configuration of the cam element 20 1 to 20 4.
- the cam element portion 20 1 (20 2 to 20 4 ) has a cylindrical shape, and an outer peripheral surface of an intermediate portion thereof is a journal portion 21 supported by the bearing portion F.
- the first cam portion 22 1 and the second cam portion 22 2 have nose portions b 1 and b 2 having different lift amounts, respectively, and each nose portion b 1 , b 2 is provided on the common base circle a with a slight phase difference. Then, these first cam portion 22 1 and 2 the second cam portion 22, the two actuation portions 22, respectively by matching the order and nose portion b 1, b 2 of the phase aligned in the longitudinal direction Is provided.
- the base circle a is the common base circle diameter of the base circle a of the first cam portion 22 1 and the second cam portion 22 2 is meant to be the same.
- first cam portion 22 1 is the front
- second cam portion 22 2 is disposed to the rear
- in 2 cam element 20 2 and the fourth cam element 20 4 2 second cam portion 22 forwardly
- 1 first cam portion 22 is disposed in the rear.
- any of the cam element portions 20 1 to 20 4 are positioned at the first position on the shaft portion 10 by the detent mechanism (not shown), as shown in FIG. 16, any of the cam element portions 20 1 to 20 also in 4, and the corresponding position in the first cam portion 22 of the two 1, 22 1 are two rocker arms C of the corresponding cylinder 1 1 to 1 4, the cam follower of the C C ', C' (see FIG. 17), the shank
- the second cam portions 22 2 and 22 2 are set so as to correspond to the cam followers C ′ and C ′ when positioned at the second position on the position 10.
- the firing order of the cylinders, the third cylinder 1 3 ⁇ the fourth cylinder 1 4 ⁇ the second cylinder 1 2 ⁇ are the first cylinder 1 1 and the respective cam elements
- the cam followers C ′ and C 2 of the respective cylinders according to the ignition sequence are made when the nose parts b 1 and b 2 of the first cam part 22 1 or the second cam part 22 2 of 20 1 to 20 4 rotate every 90 ° of the cam shaft 2.
- the first to fourth cam element portions 20 1 to 20 4 are spline-fitted to the shaft portion 10 with a phase difference of 90 ° so as to sequentially press'.
- end cams 23 and 23 are respectively provided at the front and rear end portions (both end portions in the axial direction) of the respective cam element portions 20 1 to 20 4 .
- the front and rear end face cams 23 and 23 are respectively reference surfaces formed along a plane orthogonal to the axis of the cam element portion 20 1 (20 2 to 20 4 ). 23a and a lift portion 23b that protrudes forward and rearward in the axial direction from the reference surface 23a.
- the lift portion 23b has a predetermined angle range ⁇ (for example, about 120 °) from the lift start position e to the lift end position f.
- the lift amount in the axial direction is formed so as to gradually increase. Specifically, the lift amount of the lift portion 23b increases toward the front side in the rotational direction X of the camshaft 2, and is set to return to zero at the lift end position f or a slope end position g described later.
- each cam element 20 1 to 20 4 are splined to the shaft portion 10 each provided a predetermined phase difference in accordance with the firing order of the cylinders 1 1 to 1 4 Accordingly, the end cams 23 and 23 facing each other of the cam element portions 20 1 to 20 4 also face each other with a phase difference.
- Pin part 32 of the second operation device 30 2 the first cylinder 1 1 and the second cylinder 1 2 and the ignition sequence are located adjacent to the continuous cam element 20 1, 20 2 of the end face cam 23 facing each other , 23 is a shared operation member.
- the pin portion 32 of the fifth operation device 30 5 facing each other of the third cylinder 1 3 and the fourth cylinder 1 4 cam element 20 3, 20 4 and firing order is arranged adjacent to the continuous
- the common operation member is disposed between the end face cams 23 and 23.
- the pin portion 32 of the second operation device 30 2 or the fifth operation device 30 the operating position when the proximity of the two corresponding cam element (20 1 and 20 2 or 20 3 and 20 4) It moves, and protrudes between the end surface cams 23 and 23 which both cam element parts oppose each other.
- the pin portion 32 moved to the operating position is sequentially engaged with the end face cams 23 and 23 as the cam shaft 2 rotates, thereby moving the two adjacent cam element portions away from each other.
- first and second cam element portions 20 1 and 20 2 move from the first position shown in FIG. 16 adjacent to each other to the second position shown in FIG. 18 separated from each other.
- third and fourth cam element portions 20 3 and 20 4 also move from the first position shown in FIG. 16 adjacent to each other to the second position shown in FIG.
- the second, fifth operation device 30 2, 30 5 non-operating device i.e. the first, third, fourth, sixth operating device 30 1, 30 3, 30 4, 30 6-pin section 32 of ... 32
- the end face cam 23, which face each other, of the second cylinder 1 2 and the third cylinder 1 3 of cam element 20 2, 20 3 and firing order are arranged adjacent are not consecutive, the front end of the cylinder bank end cam 23 which is located between (cam front end cam 23 of the element 20 1), respectively to the end face cam 23 located at the rear end portion of the cylinder bank (the side of the end cam 23 after the cam element 20 4)
- the first control device 30 1 of the pin portion 32 is in the state first cam element 20 1 is in the second position of the front portion, with the first cam element 20 1 of the front end face cam 23 moves to the operating position facing axially by engaging the end face cam 23 with rotation of the cam shaft 2, as shown in FIG. 18, first the first cam element 20 1 of the rear deviation Move to position.
- the pin portion 32 of the fourth operation device 30 4 while the third cam element 20 3 is in the second position of the front portion, and the third cam element 20 3 of the front end face cam 23 the shaft It moves to the operating position facing the direction, by engaging the end face cam 23 with rotation of the cam shaft 2, moves the third cam element 20 3 to the first position of the rear deviation.
- the pin portion 32 of the third operating unit 30 3 while in the second position of the second cam element 20 2 After closer, and the second cam element 20 side of the end cam 23 after the biaxial by engaging with the end face cam 23 moves to the operative position opposite the direction to move the second cam element 20 2 to the first position of the front portion.
- the pin portion 32 of the sixth operation device 30 6 while in the second position after the closer the fourth cam element 20 4, the fourth side of the end face cam 23 after the cam element 20 4 by engaging with the end face cam 23 moves to the operating position facing axially moving the fourth cam element 20 4 to the first position of the front portion.
- the movement (protrusion) of the pin portions 32 of the operation devices 30 1 to 30 6 to the operating position is performed at the following timing. That is, the protrusion of the first, fourth operating device 30 1, 30 each pin 32 in 4 (individual operation member), the reference plane of the first, third cam elements 20 1, 20 3 of the front end face cam 23 23a is performed at a timing that overlaps with the protruding position of the pin portion 32 (overlaps with the protruding pin portion 32 in the axial direction).
- each pin portion 32 (individual operation member) in the sixth operation device 30 3, 30 6, the second, fourth cam elements 20 2, 20 4 rear end face cam 23 This is performed at the timing when the reference surface 23a overlaps the protruding position of the pin portion 32.
- the projecting pin portion 32 in the second operation device 30 2 has a first reference surface of both the second cam elements 20 1, 20 2 of the opposing two end cam 23 This is performed at the timing when 23a and 23a overlap the protruding position of the pin portion 32.
- protrusion of the pin portion 32 in the fifth operation device 30 5 (common operation member), the third, fourth cam elements 20 3, 20 4 of the opposing two both criteria of the end face cam 23 This is performed at the timing when the surfaces 23a and 23a overlap the protruding position of the pin portion 32.
- the movement of the operating position of the pin portion 32 the movement of each cam element 20 1 to 20 4 with the (projected), the rocker arm C of the cam follower C ' is the first cam portion 22 1 and the second cam portion 22 2 Must be performed when the cylinder is in contact with the portion of the base circle a, that is, when the cylinder is in a stroke other than the exhaust stroke.
- nose portion of the second cam section 22 1, 22 2 b 1, b 2 and A lift start position (start position of the lift part 23b) e of the end face cam 23 is set at an overlapping position or a position in the vicinity of the front side in the rotation direction X of the nose parts b 1 and b 2 and rotated from the lift start position e.
- a lift end position (end position of the lift portion 23b) f of the end face cam 23 is set at a position of a predetermined angle ⁇ on the rear side in the direction X.
- the lift portion 23b of the end face cam 23 is formed so that the angle ⁇ from the lift start position e of the end face cam 23 to the lift end position f of the end face cam 23 on the rear side in the rotation direction X is smaller than 180 degrees. ing.
- the cam follower C ′ of the rocker arm C shown in FIG. 17 and the pin portion 32 of the operating devices 30 1 to 30 6 , the cam element portions 20 1 to 20 4 move soon after the exhaust stroke ends. It will be.
- the place where the slope portion 23c is actually provided varies depending on the order of switching the cam portions 22 of the cam element portions 20 1 to 20 4 and the conditions such as the number of the operation devices 30 arranged.
- the slope portions 23c are provided respectively.
- the second cam element 20 2 of the front end, and the third cam element 20 3 of the rear end, the slope portion 23c is not provided.
- the cam elements 20 1 to 20 4 are moved in the order of the third cylinder 1 3 ⁇ the fourth cylinder 1 4 ⁇ the second cylinder 1 2 ⁇ the first cylinder 1 1 in accordance with the ignition order.
- the slope portion 23c which pushes back the second operation device 30 2 of the pin 32, moving sequence is provided only in the late first rear end of cam element 20 1, the moving order is earlier in the second cam element 20 2 No slope portion 23c is provided at the front end. Further, the slope portion 23c to push back the pin portion 32 of the fifth operation device 30 5 may move sequence is provided only in the late 4th front end of the cam element 20 4, after the movement order is late third cam element 20 3 The slope portion 23c is not provided at the end.
- the slope portion 23c is formed on the end face of the end face cam 23 so as to protrude further in the axial direction than the lift portion 23b.
- the slope portion 23c has a predetermined angle range on the rotation delay side (in the direction opposite to the arrow X) from the lift end position f of the end face cam 23, more specifically, from the lift end position (slope start position) f to the slope end position g. It is provided over an angular range.
- the outer peripheral surface of the slope portion 23c is a cam surface in which the radial lift amount (radius) gradually increases toward the rotation delay side.
- the lift amount of the cam surface is slightly lower than the tip portion of the pin portion 32 where the cam surface at the slope start position f is in the operating position, and the cam surface at the slope end position g of the pin portion 32 where the cam surface is in the retracted position. It is set to be slightly lower than the tip.
- the slope portion 23c having the cam surface having such a shape causes the pin portion 32 to be slidably contacted with the tip end portion of the pin portion 32 after the movement of the cam element portions 20 1 to 20 4 by the lift portion 23b is finished, thereby moving the pin portion 32 to the operating position. Can be retracted to the retracted position.
- the cam surface at the slope end position g is lower than the tip end portion of the pin portion 32 at the retracted position, but is given to the pin portion 32 from the slope start position f to the slope end position g.
- the pin portion 32 is pushed back to the retracted position away from the cam surface by the inertia force and the magnetic force of the electromagnetic actuator.
- a reverse slope return portion for forcibly returning the pin portion 32 moved to the operating position to the retracted position. 23d is provided integrally.
- the reverse slope portion 23d at the time of reverse rotation is provided together with the slope portion 23c on the cam surface 23 provided with the slope portion 23c among the cam surfaces 23, 23 at both ends of the cam element portions 20 1 to 20 4 .
- the slope portion 23d back during reverse rotation, and both front and rear ends of the first cam element 20 1, and the rear end of the second cam element 20 2, the front end of the third cam element 20 3, the 4 in the front and rear ends of the cam element 20 4, are provided.
- the slope part 23c and the reverse return slope part 23d face the end cams 23, 23 facing each other, particularly the slope part 23c of the end face cam 23 and the reverse return return slope part 23d, when adjacent cam element parts are close to each other. It is provided so as not to interfere with the lift part 23b of the end face cam 23.
- the cam element portions 20 1 to 20 4 In both cases, the first cam portions 22 1 , 22 1 having a large lift amount at the operating portions 22, 22 at both ends are positioned corresponding to the cam followers C ′, C ′ of the rocker arms C, C. Then, with the rotation of the camshaft 2, in the firing order of the above, the exhaust valves A ... A of the cylinders 1 1 to 1 4 during the exhaust stroke is opened at a relatively large opening amount.
- the pin portion 32 of the fifth operation device 30 5, third to be in the first position is in a state close to each other, the fourth cam elements 20 3, 20 4 of the opposite end cam 23 It enters in between and engages with these end face cams 23, 23.
- pin portion 32, third, fourth cam elements 20 3, 20 4 of the end face lift of the cam 23 is zero reference plane 23a, 23a What happened is plunged into angular region facing.
- the pin portion 32 is inserted between the end surface cams 23 and 23 at a timing at which a portion in an angle range where the reference surfaces 23 a and 23 a face each other is positioned below the pin portion 32.
- the lift start position e of the third cam element 20 3 rear end face cam 23 to the position of the pin portion 32 of the fifth operation device 30 5 reaches . Then, with the rotation of the cam shaft 2, the pin portion 32 pushes the third cam element 20 3 while sliding the lift portion 23b of the end face cam 23 forwardly, move it to the second position.
- the pin portion 32 of the second operation device 30 2 first to be in the first position is in a state close to each other, between the second cam elements 20 1, 20 2 of the opposite end cam 23 , And engages with these end face cams 23, 23.
- the pin part 32 is plunged into an angular range in which the reference surfaces 23a and 23a having zero lift amounts at the end face cams 23 and 23 of the first and second cam element parts 20 1 and 20 2 face each other.
- the lift start position e of the second cam element 20 2 of the front end cam 23 to the position of the second operation device 30 2 of the pin portion 32 reaches. Thereafter, in accordance with the rotation of the cam shaft 2, the pin portion 32 pushes the second cam element 20 2 while sliding the lift portion 23b of the end face cam 23 backward and move it to the second position.
- the energization of the second operation device 30 2 of the electromagnetic actuator is stopped, the distal end surface of the pin portion 32 is pushed up while sliding on the cam surface of the slope portion 23c, the pin portion 32 is pushed back forcibly retracted position It is. Thereafter, the pin portion 32 is held at the retracted position by the biasing force of the return spring described above.
- the first to fourth cam element portions 20 1 to 20 4 all move from the first position to the second position, and as shown in FIG. 18, the first to fourth cam element portions 20 1 to 20 4 in any case, the second cam portion 22 2, 22 2 rocker arm C, the cam follower of the C C ', C' position corresponding to the exhaust valves a ... a of the cylinders 1 1 to 1 4 during the exhaust stroke is relatively The valve is opened with a small valve opening amount.
- the pin portion 32 of the fourth operating unit 30 4 is plunged into the angle range corresponding to the reference surface 23a of the third cam element 20 3 of the front end face cam 23.
- the pin portion 32 enters the position facing the end face cam 23 at the timing when the portion of the angle range corresponding to the reference surface 23 a is positioned below the pin portion 32.
- pin portion 32 of the third operating unit 30 3 is plunged into the corresponding angular range to the reference plane 23a of the second cam element 20 2 of the rear end face cam 23 in the second position.
- Pin part 32 pushes the second cam element 20 2 while sliding the lift portion 23b of the end cam 23 along with rotation of the camshaft 2 to the front, moving it to the first position.
- first to fourth cam element portions 20 1 to 20 4 move from the second position to the first position, and as shown in FIG. 16, the first to fourth cam element portions 20 1 to 20 4 In any case, the first cam portions 22 1 ... 22 1 return to the state corresponding to the cam followers C ′ and C ′ of the rocker arms C and C.
- cam 22 for opening and closing the exhaust valves a ... a is switched between a larger second cam section 22 2 ... 22 2 small first cam portion 22 1 ... 22 1 and the lift amount of the lift amount.
- the cam element portions 20 1 to 20 4 have a predetermined angle range from the lift end position f of the lift portion 23b of the end face cam 23 with which the pin portion 32 engages toward the rotation delay side. It has a slope portion 23c formed over it. The slope part 23c pushes the pin part 32 back from the operating position to the retracted position by slidingly contacting the pin part 32 after the movement by the end face cam 23 is completed. Therefore, the pin portion 32 in the operating position can be reliably pushed back toward the retracted position by the slope portion 23c.
- the lift portions 23b, 23b of the end cams 23, 23 facing each other are provided so as to be out of phase with each other. At least a part of 23b overlaps in the axial direction. For this reason, it is possible to make the camshaft 2 compact in the axial direction, and thus to make the engine compact.
- the cam element 20 1 to 20 4 the first has been made different from the lift of the cam portion 22 1 and the second cam portion 22 2 of the lift, on one of the cam portions It is also possible to provide a normal nose part and eliminate the nose part on the other cam part and form the whole with only the base circle (the lift amount of the nose part is zero). In this case, the opening and closing of the valve can be stopped by using the other cam portion. Such a valve stop operation is suitable, for example, when a reduced-cylinder operation is performed when the engine is under a low load.
- the present invention is not limited thereto, and adjacent to at least a pair of cylinders that are arranged adjacent to each other and that have a continuous ignition sequence.
- the present invention can be applied to various multi-cylinder engines having at least a pair of cylinders that are arranged and whose ignition order is not continuous.
- a pair of cylinders that are arranged adjacent to each other and the ignition order is continuous
- the first, second and fourth and fifth cylinders are two sets of the first, second and fourth and fifth cylinders, and the pair of cylinders which are arranged adjacent to each other and whose firing order is not continuous. It is two sets of.
- the valve operating apparatus is provided in a multi-cylinder engine including at least a pair of cylinders that are arranged adjacent to each other and in which the ignition order is not continuous, and at least a pair of cylinders that are arranged adjacent to each other and that have a continuous ignition order.
- the valve operating apparatus includes a shaft portion extending in a cylinder row direction, and a plurality of cam element portions that are provided for each cylinder and that are fitted to the shaft portion so as to rotate integrally with the shaft portion and move in the axial direction. And an operating mechanism that moves the plurality of cam element portions in the axial direction with respect to the shaft portion.
- the cam element portion has two cam portions adjacent to each other in the axial direction having a common base circle and different nose shapes for each valve of each cylinder. End cams are provided at both ends.
- the operating mechanism is controlled by an actuator so as to be movable between an operation position that enters an axially opposing position with each end face cam of the plurality of cam element portions and a retracted position that is retracted from the opposing position of the end face cam.
- a cam that has a plurality of driven operation members, and that opens and closes the valves of each cylinder by engaging each operation member moved to the operating position with the end face cam and moving the cam element portion in the axial direction. The part is switched.
- the plurality of operation members are provided in common between end face cams facing each other in cam element portions of two cylinders that are arranged adjacent to each other and in which the ignition sequence is continuous, and each end face cam is located near both cam element portions. And a common operation member that engages with each other, an end face cam that is disposed adjacent to each other, and an end face cam that is located at the end of the cylinder row of the cam element portions of two cylinders that are not ignited in sequence. And individual operation members engaged with the respective end face cams.
- the “cam part” includes those in which the shape of the nose part coincides with the base circle (those with a lift amount of zero).
- a single operation member (shared operation member) is disposed at a position between two cylinders that are arranged adjacent to each other and the ignition sequence is continuous, and the cam element portions corresponding to the two cylinders are close to each other.
- the cam element portions can be moved in the axial direction so as to be separated from each other. That is, the cam elements corresponding to the cylinders arranged adjacent to each other and having the ignition sequence can be moved by a single operating member, so that the parts are compared with the case where the operating member is provided for each end face cam. The score can be reduced.
- an operation member (individual operation member) is provided for each of the opposing end face cams of the cam element portions of two cylinders that are arranged adjacent to each other and the ignition order is not continuous, and the operation members enter the corresponding end face cams.
- each cam element portion can be independently moved in the axial direction.
- the operation member can be sufficiently protruded, so that the cam can be driven without increasing the operation member protrusion speed by increasing the size of the actuator that drives the operation member.
- the part switching operation can be performed appropriately.
- the multi-cylinder engine is an in-line four-cylinder engine, and the ignition order is set in the order of a third cylinder, a fourth cylinder, a second cylinder, and a first cylinder.
- the above ignition sequence is not limited to the case where ignition is started from the first cylinder, but also includes the case where ignition is started from any one of the second to fourth cylinders.
- the common operation members are arranged at positions between the first and second cylinders and the third and fourth cylinders that are arranged adjacent to each other and in which the ignition order is continuous.
- the individual operation members are arranged at positions other than the inter-cylinder positions and at the end positions of the cylinder rows. That is, the number of operation members can be reduced as compared with the case where an operation member is provided for each end face cam (in this case, eight operation members are required).
- the individual operation members are arranged for the opposed end face cams between the second and third cylinders which are arranged adjacent to each other and whose ignition order is not continuous.
- the period during which the member can protrude can be expanded. For this reason, the switching operation of the cam portion can be appropriately performed even when the engine is rotating at high speed.
- the cam element portion is slidably contacted with the operation member located at the operating position after the operation member has moved in the axial direction of the cam element portion.
- the slope portion corresponding to the common operation member is provided with a slope portion that pushes the common operation member back to the retracted position. It is provided only in the cam element portion.
- the operating member in the operating position is forcibly pushed back to the retracted position by the slope portion provided in the cam element part after the movement of the cam element part in the axial direction by the operating member is completed.
- the interference between the operating member and the cam element portion can be reliably prevented, so that the switching operation of the cam portion can be performed continuously.
- the movement order of two cam element portions that are moved in the separation direction by the common operation member is the same. Since the slope portion is provided only in the slower cam element portion, the common operation member can be pushed back to the retracted position after the cam element portions adjacent to each other are appropriately moved in the separating direction.
- the cam element portion is slidably contacted with the operation member located at the operating position after the operation member has moved in the axial direction of the cam element portion.
- the slope portion and the restricting portion corresponding to the common operation member are provided only in the cam element portion whose movement order is slower among the two cam element portions that are moved in the separation direction by the common operation member.
- the restricting portion formed continuously with the slope portion can prevent the operation member from moving to the operating position, the operating member at the retracted position moves to the operating position due to a malfunction of the actuator or the like. Can be prevented. Thereby, interference with an operation member and a cam element part can be prevented, and the robustness of a valve operating apparatus can be improved.
- the movement order of the two cam element portions that are moved in the separation direction by the common operation member is the same. Since the slope portion and the restricting portion are provided only on the slower cam element portion, it is possible to appropriately return the common operation member back to the retracted position after appropriately moving both cam element portions adjacent to each other in the separating direction. In addition, the common operation member can be prevented from moving to the operating position.
- the cam switching operation can be easily performed at the time of high engine rotation while reducing the number of parts and reducing the size of the engine. Therefore, it may be suitably used in the technical field of manufacturing this type of engine.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Valve Device For Special Equipments (AREA)
- Valve-Gear Or Valve Arrangements (AREA)
Abstract
Description
以下、吸気弁、排気弁が1気筒についてそれぞれ2個備えられる4気筒4弁式DOHCエンジンの動弁装置を例にとって、本発明の第1実施形態を説明する。
上記第1実施形態と同様に、4気筒4弁式DOHCエンジンの動弁装置の排気側の構成を示すものであり、第1~第4カム要素部201~204と、電磁式の6つの操作装置301~306(操作機構30)との構成が上記第1実施形態と異なり、他の構成は同じである。
Claims (4)
- 隣接して配置され且つ点火順序が連続しない少なくとも一対の気筒と、隣接して配置され且つ点火順序が連続する少なくとも一対の気筒とを備えた多気筒エンジンに設けられる動弁装置であって、
気筒列方向に延びる軸部と、気筒毎に設けられ、前記軸部と一体回転し且つ軸方向に移動可能なように前記軸部に嵌合された複数のカム要素部とを有するカムシャフトと、
前記複数のカム要素部を前記軸部に対し軸方向に移動させる操作機構とを備え、
前記カム要素部は、各気筒の1つの弁毎に、共通のベースサークルを有し且つノーズ部の形状が異なる軸方向に隣接した2つのカム部を有し、
前記カム要素部の軸方向の両端部には、端面カムがそれぞれ設けられ、
前記操作機構は、前記複数のカム要素部の各端面カムと軸方向に対向する位置に突入する作動位置と前記端面カムの対向位置から退避した退避位置との間で移動可能なようにアクチュエータにより駆動される複数の操作部材を有し、前記作動位置まで移動した各操作部材を前記端面カムと係合させて前記カム要素部を軸方向に移動させることにより、各気筒の弁を開閉させるカム部を切り換えるものであり、
前記複数の操作部材は、
隣接して配置され且つ点火順序が連続する2つの気筒のカム要素部の互いに対向する端面カムの間に共通に設けられ、両カム要素部の近接時にそれぞれの端面カムと係合する共用操作部材と、
隣接して配置され且つ点火順序が連続しない2つの気筒のカム要素部の互いに対向する端面カムおよび気筒列の端部に位置する端面カムに対し個別に設けられ、それぞれの端面カムと係合する個別操作部材とを有する、ことを特徴とする多気筒エンジンの動弁装置。 - 前記多気筒エンジンは、直列4気筒エンジンであって、
前記点火順序が、第3気筒、第4気筒、第2気筒、第1気筒の順に設定されている、
請求項1に記載の多気筒エンジンの動弁装置。 - 前記カム要素部には、前記操作部材による前記カム要素部の軸方向への移動が終了したのちに、作動位置に位置する操作部材と摺接して該操作部材を前記退避位置へ押し戻すスロープ部が設けられており、
前記共用操作部材に対応する前記スロープ部は、前記共用操作部材により離間方向に移動させられる2つのカム要素部のうち移動順序が遅い方の前記カム要素部にのみ設けられている、
請求項1又は2に記載の多気筒エンジンの動弁装置。 - 前記カム要素部には、前記操作部材による前記カム要素部の軸方向への移動が終了したのちに、作動位置に位置する操作部材と摺接して該操作部材を前記退避位置へ押し戻すスロープ部と、前記スロープ部に連続して形成され、且つ前記退避位置へ押し戻された前記操作部材の作動位置への移動を規制する規制部とが設けられており、
前記共用操作部材に対応する前記スロープ部及び前記規制部は、前記共用操作部材により離間方向に移動させられる2つのカム要素部のうち移動順序が遅い方の前記カム要素部にのみ設けられている、
請求項1又は2に記載の多気筒エンジンの動弁装置。
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US14/655,700 US9441510B2 (en) | 2013-05-17 | 2014-05-02 | Valve system for a multi-cylinder engine |
JP2015517033A JP5850202B2 (ja) | 2013-05-17 | 2014-05-02 | 多気筒エンジンの動弁装置 |
DE112014000360.3T DE112014000360B4 (de) | 2013-05-17 | 2014-05-02 | Ventilsystem für einen Mehrzylindermotor |
CN201480003709.5A CN105247176B (zh) | 2013-05-17 | 2014-05-02 | 多缸发动机的气门传动装置 |
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DE102015014175A1 (de) * | 2015-11-03 | 2017-05-04 | Daimler Ag | Ventiltriebvorrichtung |
CN105804820B (zh) * | 2016-03-17 | 2018-07-13 | 秦天 | Vvl凸轮轴结构 |
JP6438987B2 (ja) * | 2017-02-17 | 2018-12-19 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 可変動弁装置 |
JP6589923B2 (ja) * | 2017-03-31 | 2019-10-16 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 内燃機関の制御装置 |
DE102017121947A1 (de) * | 2017-09-21 | 2019-03-21 | Kendrion (Villingen) Gmbh | Stellvorrichtung mit einem abgedichteten Führungszylinder |
CN108266246A (zh) * | 2018-03-22 | 2018-07-10 | 绵阳富临精工机械股份有限公司 | 一种用于内燃机凸轮轴的调整机构 |
DE102018110705A1 (de) * | 2018-05-04 | 2019-11-07 | Man Truck & Bus Se | Variabler Ventiltrieb |
DE102020210265A1 (de) * | 2020-08-12 | 2022-02-17 | Thyssenkrupp Ag | Schiebenockensystem für eine Brennkraftmaschine mit integriertem Arretierelement |
CN113389608B (zh) * | 2021-07-21 | 2022-10-28 | 潍柴动力股份有限公司 | 一种多缸发动机凸轮设计方法及多缸发动机 |
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JPWO2014185295A1 (ja) | 2017-02-23 |
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