WO2014179904A1 - Method for planting, shaping for carbon sequestration and storage, and comprehensive utilization of fast-growing plant - Google Patents

Method for planting, shaping for carbon sequestration and storage, and comprehensive utilization of fast-growing plant Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014179904A1
WO2014179904A1 PCT/CN2013/000755 CN2013000755W WO2014179904A1 WO 2014179904 A1 WO2014179904 A1 WO 2014179904A1 CN 2013000755 W CN2013000755 W CN 2013000755W WO 2014179904 A1 WO2014179904 A1 WO 2014179904A1
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fast
growing
plant
water
plants
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PCT/CN2013/000755
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
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雷学军
雷训
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Lei Xuejun
Lei Xun
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Publication of WO2014179904A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014179904A1/en

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G33/00—Cultivation of seaweed or algae
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for planting, forming, carbon sequestration and comprehensive utilization of fast-growing plants, and belongs to the field of environmental protection.
  • CN201310111727. 2 A method for carbon fixation by planting, harvesting and landfilling of fast-growing herbaceous plants is disclosed, which does not maximize the problem of statistical and management of the comprehensive utilization and landfilling process of fast-growing plants after landfilling.
  • CN101224464A (2008. 07. 23, application No. CN200810018961. X) discloses a method for underground carbon sequestration using biomass, which comprises pre-drying biomass (mainly straw), compressing and adding preservative treatment, and then Buried underground, for example buried in high-lying, dry and rain-stricken areas or buried under abandoned coal mines. The patent mainly uses straw from crops or crops.
  • Underground landfill the purpose of carbon sequestration, but the yield of straw is too low, only one concentrated and large-scale harvesting in a year, can not be harvested multiple times, the total amount of biomass is too small, not enough to make the global atmosphere
  • the content of CO 2 is effectively reduced, and the landfill is generally far away from the crop planting area.
  • the transportation cost of straw transportation to the landfill is too high, and the addition of preservatives will lead to cost increase and environmental pollution. At the same time, it will be produced after landfill. Greenhouse gases such as C0 2 and CH 4 are not controlled and utilized.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a method for planting, molding, carbon sequestration and comprehensive utilization of fast growing plants.
  • the plants generally include fast-growing woody, herbaceous, algae, lichens or mosses (lower plants).
  • fast-growing planting, forming, carbon sequestration and comprehensive utilization methods including: (1) planting and/or cultivating fast-growing woody trees in selected terrestrial or water-based areas (including freshwater and seawater), Herbaceous, algae, lichens or bryophytes; (2) Harvesting, harvesting or harvesting of land areas or water bodies in fast-growing woody, herbaceous, algae, lichens or bryophytes when grown to a suitable height, size or size for harvesting, harvesting or harvesting and/or Or fast-growing plants; fast-growing woody plants harvest the aerial parts of leaves, branches, and trunks. After felling, fast-growing woody plants, some varieties can grow trunks, branches, and leaves from the trunk again, and cannot grow again.
  • Woody plants need to be replanted with new plants; fast-growing herbaceous plants grown and/or cultivated in the land area, retained at a certain height after harvesting or harvesting in order to retain the roots of the herb and the lower part of the stem; planted in the water area and/or Or cultivated fast-growing herbaceous plants or fast-growing algae, which retain a portion of herbaceous plants or a portion of algae in the water body during harvesting or harvesting; lichens or moss grown and/or cultivated in land areas, harvested or harvested in land areas Retain a portion of the lichens or moss;
  • the dried and formed biomass is transported to a storage for storage.
  • the storage can be built on the ground or underground of areas such as plains, mountains, plateaus, deserts, glaciers, and permafrost zones, and the biomass is stored. Carbon is stored for a long time;
  • felling, harvesting or harvesting is generally mechanical or manual cutting, harvesting or harvesting, preferably mechanical felling, harvesting or harvesting, for example using a feller to cut down woody plants and using agricultural harvesters to harvest grasses, Use a strainer to harvest algae.
  • step (2) when the woody plant is felled, the woody plant which can grow the trunk, the branch and the leaf again, the reserved trunk incision is neat, and the incision is properly treated.
  • the "lower part of the stem” retained has at least one joint, preferably 2-3 joints, to promote Plants sprout or grow new leaves; preserved plants when harvesting or harvesting algae, lichens or moss
  • the number of strains is preferably 20% or more.
  • biochemical treatment of biomass and manufacture of organic fertilizers including aerobic fermentation and/or anaerobic fermentation, and optional composting;
  • the biochemical treatment and the technology for producing organic fertilizers are commonly used in the prior art, such as the multi-effect organic fertilizer disclosed in CN1112099 (CN95102250. 4) and its production method, and the full-nutrient particles disclosed in CN1173480 (CN97115648. 4).
  • High-efficiency organic fertilizer and its processing technology high-efficiency green organic fertilizer disclosed in CN1184796 (CN96120968. 2) and its processing method, publicly listed in CN1219525 Liquid organic fertilizer (CN97126089. 3) and method for producing the same, the method for producing solid organic fertilizer disclosed in CN1219523 (CN97126084. 2), high-efficiency bio-organic fertilizer disclosed in CN1257853 (CN99127128.
  • the obtained organic fertilizer is directly applied to the land in the planting and/or cultivation area, providing nutrients required for the growth of fast-growing terrestrial plants, improving soil structure and improving soil aeration.
  • water permeable; or the organic fertilizer obtained is placed on the edge of the water in the planting and/or cultivation area, and the nutrients in the organic fertilizer are dissolved in the water to provide the aquatic plants with the nutrients needed for growth.
  • the fertilization method is easily accomplished by those skilled in the art, and is commonly used in the prior art, such as the soil identification and optimized fertilization method disclosed in CN1032724 (CN86108727. 5), disclosed in CN1132018.
  • Fertilizing method in CN200610014017. 8 disclosed in CN101695232A (CN200910207865. 4) A fertilization method and apparatus thereof, disclosed in CN102626017A (CN201210123797. 5), a method for fertilizing a shallow sea seagrass bed.
  • steps (1) - (6) or steps (2) - (6) can be repeated.
  • it is based on the growth height or size of the plant or the size of the plant (such as the growth height or size or plant size of fast-growing herbaceous plants grown in terrestrial areas, herbaceous plants or water bodies) or growth density (such as algae). , Growth density of lichens or moss), repeat steps (2) - (6). Selection of suitable harvesting, harvesting and/or harvesting opportunities is readily accomplished by those skilled in the art.
  • land area or the water area as the planting and/or cultivating area (or growing area) is located at a low latitude climate, a mid latitude climate, and a high latitude climate.
  • Land areas such as flatlands, basins, hills, uncultivable deserts, Gobi deserts, wetlands or swamps), freshwater waters (such as freshwater lakes, rivers, reservoirs, ponds, ditches), or marine areas such as Offshore waters or bay waters near the coast.
  • the water body region is divided into a fresh water type water body region and a marine water body region.
  • Pennisetum (Pennisetum alopecuroides (L)), Elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum Sch training), hybrid pennisetum
  • pennisetum can be harvested 3 to 6 times a year; especially in the tropical, subtropical, warm tropical regions of the land, Eichhornia crassipes or algae even a week Can be harvested and/or harvested once; macrocystis pyrifera, HerbaZosterae Marinane, brown algae suitable for areas near the coastline; Cyanobacteria, Chlorophyta, diatoms distributed in freshwater bodies; Lichens or mosses are distributed from the tropics to the cold, and are distributed all over the world.
  • a grass-wood composite-based biomass pellet fuel (CN200910094144.7) and a preparation method thereof, the forest waste biomass pellet fuel disclosed in CN101402891 (CN200810228817.9), disclosed in CN101225340 (CN200710013240.5)
  • a firewood biomass pellet fuel and a production method thereof the biomass pellet fuel disclosed in CN101012404 (CN200710034411.2) and a production method thereof, disclosed in CN101586805 (CN200910016052.7), a biomass pellet fuel burning device disclosed in CN710613632 (CN200910165596.
  • the method according to any one of the items 1 to 10 above, characterized in that the method for drying and compression molding of the fast-growing plant comprises:
  • the harvested fast-growing plants are naturally air-dried or sun-dried to reduce the water content of the plants.
  • Plant granules are sent to the baking room for heating and drying, so that the water content of the plant is less than 10%.
  • the dried plant granules are extruded by a biomass molding machine at a temperature of 150 to 300 Torr, a pressure of 4 to 10 MPa, and a water content of 4 to 10%.
  • Anti-mildew treatment of fast-growing plant molding materials can also be carried out before storage.
  • Common anti-fungal agents include benzoic acid and sodium benzoate, sodium diacetate, fumaric acid and vinegar, propionic acid and its salts. Sorbic acid and its salts.
  • Sodium benzoate is an acidic preservative. It inhibits a variety of microorganisms at pH 2. 5 4. 0. The silage of the cows is fed with a silage containing 0.3% benzoic acid. The milk yield can be increased by 7 . 4%
  • Fumaric acid and its vinegar are an acidic preservative with broad-spectrum, high-efficiency bacteriostatic action, which inhibits the growth of molds, bacteria and yeasts. It is suitable for a wide pH range, which can improve taste and improve feed utilization.
  • Propionic acid and its salts are acidic preservatives, inhibit microbial reproduction, have a broad spectrum of inhibition, and are effective against yeasts, bacteria and molds, especially for spoilage microorganisms.
  • Propionic acid inhibits the growth rate of mold, reduces the number of molds, reduces the toxins produced by microorganisms, and prolongs the storage period.
  • the bacteriostatic performance of sorbic acid increases with the increase of acidity, inhibits the growth of yeast and mold, and is used in the range of pH 5.6 or less.
  • Fast-growing plant molding materials and storage warehouses can be used to kill mold and fungi by ultraviolet radiation; Regular ventilation and ultraviolet radiation are used to prevent mildew and disintegration of plant molding materials.
  • the molding materials will regularly disinfect the warehouse, kill insects, kill the rats, keep the new storage, and the principle of first-in-first-out.
  • the raw coal and the quick-growing plant molding materials and quicklime to be blended are separately dried. After drying, the raw coal has a water content of less than 2%, the formed fast-growing plant has a water content of less than 10%, and the quicklime water content is less than 3%.
  • the fast-growing plant-formed cake, stick or pellets taken out after storage is sent to a feeder by a conveying device, and the feeder feeds the fuel into the furnace for combustion.
  • the inoculated raw materials are put into the fermentation tank, and the temperature of the pool is controlled at 18 ⁇ 20 °C .
  • the preferred scheme is to first lay a layer of dry material at the bottom of the pool, and then fill the pool with the inoculated raw materials after filling.
  • the material is stepped on the wall to drain the oxygen in the fermentation tank, and then covered with plastic cloth and dry chaff, straw and other insulation materials;
  • the fermentation temperature is controlled at 20 ⁇ 40 °C, and the temperature rises slowly within 12 hours before the fermentation; within 24 hours of the middle of fermentation
  • the amount of the coupling agent is 0.15%.
  • the water-repellent paraffin emulsion is 0. 13 ⁇ 0. 17% of the water-repellent agent, the amount of the water-repellent paraffin emulsion is 0. 13 ⁇ 0.
  • Hot-pressing after sizing raw material paving, hot pressing temperature 150 ⁇ 160°C, slab density 3013 ⁇ 4/ 1 1 1 3 , length and width specifications and thickness can be determined according to needs, thickness is usually 8 ⁇ 10cm, The slab has a water content of 4 to 6%.
  • the plant-derived cakes, sticks or pellets taken out after storage shall be crushed, sieved and mixed into composting raw materials.
  • the composting raw materials shall be added with nitrogen fertilizer according to a ratio of carbon to nitrogen of 50:1 ⁇ 3.
  • the composting materials are piled up, and the film is covered with a film for sealing fermentation; during fermentation, the temperature in the raw material stack is controlled to be 50 to 60 ⁇ , and when the temperature is higher than 60 ° C, the covering film is uncovered, and the ventilating and spraying are appropriately performed. The water cools down.
  • the distance between the plant molding plant and the planting area is relatively short, usually within a radius of 100 km.
  • fast-growing plant molding materials can be comprehensively utilized, solid sulfur molding, preparation into fuel, chemical raw materials, processing fiberboard, feed, fertilizer or direct combustion power generation, etc., can produce social and economic benefits.
  • the distance between the plant molding processing plant and the planting area is short, the transportation cost is low, and the operability is high. 7) Since the plants grown and/or cultivated are mainly fast-growing herbs or fast-growing algae, it is convenient for large-scale harvesting. In particular, fast-growing herbs can be harvested by agricultural harvesters, avoiding the cost of manual harvesting. Too high.
  • cuttings can be carried out all year round.
  • the most favorable spring cutting in the year is spring, that is, in the 2 ⁇ 4 months when the mother tree has not sprouted, and then in the autumn of 9 ⁇ 10 months, the light is strong, the temperature is high, and the callus is The formation of the tissue is fast, suitable for the cutting season.
  • the best cutting conditions are daily average temperature 20 ⁇ 25°C, relative humidity of air.
  • the excellent variety with a growing age of 3 years or more is selected as the mother tree; the semi-lignified branches are cut as the cuttings, the cuttings are 15 ⁇ 25cm long, the upper incision is smooth, the incision is horse-shaped, and the lower incision is as far as possible on the node.
  • Leave 1 to 5 short lateral branches (buds) on the cuttings remove the leaves of the lower 2 to 3 nodes, and cut the remaining leaves.
  • the harvested cuttings are placed in clean water in a timely manner and moved to a cool place; before cutting, the cuttings are immersed in a concentration of 0. 5 ⁇ 1% of ABT rooting powder solution for 30s, soaking depth 2 ⁇ 5cm.
  • the eucalyptus forest can be closed for 1 year. If the seedlings are not replenished in time, the seedlings that have been replenished in the coming year will not grow long.
  • the ridge is 2 ⁇ 3m, the height is 20 ⁇ 30cm ; 10 ⁇ 15 days before sowing, when the weather is fine, combined with deep-turning organic fertilizer 800 ⁇ 1000kg ; 1 to 3 days before sowing, the seedlings are flattened.
  • the sowing period is preferably from 3 to 4 months.
  • the seeds are exposed to sunlight for 1 to 2 days, and then immersed in 0.5% potassium permanganate solution for 1 ⁇ 2 hours for sterilization; after sowing, the seeds are covered with l ⁇ 3cm.
  • the first transplanting is carried out according to the row spacing 30 ⁇ 40 X 40 ⁇ 50cm; the relative humidity is kept above 80% after transplanting, the shading rate is more than 70%, and it is removed after one week.
  • Sunshade 15 to 20 days after transplanting to check seedlings and seedlings.
  • the planting distance is 3. 5 ⁇ 5 X 3. 5 ⁇ 5m for planting, excavation 50 X 50cm, depth 50cm of the planting hole, 10 ⁇ 15kg of decomposed organic fertilizer per hole and backfilling the topsoil 10 ⁇ 20cm, put the seedlings into the hole and press the soil to compact and pour a water through the water. After 2 ⁇ 3 days, pour the water again for 7 ⁇ 10 days; 20 ⁇ 30 to check the seedlings and make up the seedlings.
  • the larvae of the eucalyptus leaf larvae feed on young shoots, which can occur for several generations in a year.
  • 40% dimethoate 200 ⁇ 300 times solution is used to spray the larvae.
  • Example 3 Planting, cultivating and harvesting of Pennisetum, Elephant Grass, Royal bamboo Grass, Sweet Grass or Hybrid Pennisetum
  • the cut section can be soaked with ABT rooting powder with a mass concentration ratio of lOOppm for 20 ⁇ 24h to promote rooting and germination.
  • 1g of rooting powder can treat 3000 ⁇ 5000 stem segments; or it can be directly stained with grass ash or quicklime at the incision.
  • the buds of the buds are placed at an angle of 30 ⁇ 45° to the ground and inserted into the soil at an angle of 30 ⁇ 45°.
  • the buds of one section are placed in the soil 2 ⁇ 3cm.
  • the top buds of multiple sections can be exposed outside the soil.
  • the axillary buds are placed flat on the soil, and the axillary buds and stems are covered with fine soil. After the next planting, timely pour the foot 1 time to clear the dung water or clear water.
  • the seedlings Before the seedlings grow out of the ground, keep the soil in the seedbed moist and water in sunny days. After 7 to 10 days, the seedlings are started. After 20 to 30 days, the seedlings can be transplanted up to 20 to 25 cm. In the nursery period, the surface layer of the soil is caused by watering. The soil layer around the seed section should be loosened in time. After the seedlings are unearthed for 10 days, the seedlings are still yellow and sorghum. Combined with watering, 20 ⁇ 25kg of urea per acre is applied, or 10 ⁇ 15kg of ammonium nitrite is added to 200 ⁇ 300kg of human and animal manure, evenly splashed.
  • the diluted omethoate with a mass concentration ratio of 40% is diluted with water to 1000 ⁇ 1500 times, or diluted with water with a mass concentration ratio of 25% to 2000 ⁇ 3000 times liquid spray control.
  • the ridge is 10 ⁇ 30cni, the ridge length depends on the terrain, and the slope is ridged along the contour line to facilitate drainage and field management. In the mountainous areas with large inclination angles, in order to prevent soil erosion, there is no need for ridges.
  • the flat row spacing of the field is 30 ⁇ 40cm X 40 ⁇ 50cm, and the depth is 10 ⁇ 15cm.
  • Planting ditch or planting hole 1 hole per hole, can plant 2000 ⁇ 3000 per acre; Light-poor land or barren mountainous land, plant spacing 50 ⁇ 70cmX 80 ⁇ 100cm, 10 ⁇ 15cm deep, planting ditch or planting hole, 1 hole per hole, 800 ⁇ 1200 plants per acre.
  • 10 ⁇ 15g of compound fertilizer or urea is applied to each hole to promote early tillering, multi-split, and accelerate seedling growth.
  • backfill 2 ⁇ 5cm thick fine soil to cover the bottom fertilizer then put the seedlings in the planting ditch and strengthen the surrounding area with soil.
  • the seedlings grow slowly in the early stage, and are easily affected by weeds.
  • the plants are weeded and weeded 1 to 2 times before the plants are closed.
  • the first time of cultivating when the plants start to divide till 25 ⁇ 35 days after transplanting, choose the sunny day for weeding and loosening the soil; the second weeding is 60 ⁇ 70 days after transplanting, then the plant grows most vigorously, combined with weeding and loosening soil,
  • the soil is planted around the nursery to avoid plant lodging; after each harvest, weeding and weeding should be carried out to loosen the soil.
  • aphids and borers harm the leaves and stems of the plants, and dilute 800 ⁇ 1200 times with omethoate with a mass concentration ratio of 40%, or kill the emulsifiable concentrate with a mass concentration ratio of 25%. Dilute 1500 ⁇ 2000 times liquid spray control with water.
  • anthracnose and powdery mildew harm the seedling leaves and stems, keep the air circulation between the plants and reduce the humidity in the field; the anthracnose and powdery mildew prevention and treatment with a concentration ratio of 5% of carbendazim diluted with water 800 ⁇ 1000 times of liquid, or sprayed with Bordeaux mixture of 3 to 5 kg of quicklime, 3 to 5 kg of sulfur, and 1000 to 1500 kg of water, and sprayed twice continuously for 5 to 7 days.
  • the varieties cultivated by the hybrids of Pennisetum, Elephant Grass and Pennisetum are strong in roots and can grow continuously for 4 to 8 years.
  • the weeds in the field are removed to reduce the pests and winters.
  • the last one will be left at 10 ⁇ 15cm during harvest, which will naturally winter.
  • the lowest temperature in winter is 0 ⁇ -5°C, and the area with long frost period is recommended to be 12 ⁇ 18cm. ⁇ , covered with hay or plastic film to keep warm for the winter.
  • the plant Every 5 to 11 days from May to November, when the plant is as high as 100 ⁇ 150cm, it can be harvested once, and it can be harvested 4 ⁇ 8 times a year. At the first harvest, leave 10cm, and then "successive green cutting" to facilitate plant regeneration, and finally the height of the stubble does not exceed 20cm. Avoid rain harvesting to reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases.
  • the output in the first year is slightly lower, the output per mu is 10 ⁇ 15 tons, and the output after the second year is 20 ⁇ 30 tons.
  • Reeds and alfalfa are plants that require high nitrogen and high potassium.
  • the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 16 ⁇ 20 : 1 ⁇ 2: 8 ⁇ 10 is most beneficial for growth.
  • 10 ⁇ 20kg of calcium fertilizer can be added per acre to promote growth.
  • the vegetative growth period before jointing is mainly based on nitrogen metabolism.
  • the absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the aerial part is the highest period of the year, applying 10 ⁇ 15kg per mu or 10 ⁇ 15kg of urea; after heading to heading Before flowering, carbon and nitrogen metabolism are strong.
  • the focus of nutrient supply is still above ground.
  • Urea is applied 5 ⁇ 10kg per mu .
  • carbon metabolism is the main factor , and some aboveground plants stop growing. Nutrients mainly supply underground organs.
  • the whole growth area is covered with a layer of decomposed organic fertilizer, which is 2 ⁇ 10cm thick; the acidity is heavy, and 50 ⁇ 100kg of quicklime is mixed into the organic fertilizer.
  • Reeds and alfalfa are hi-water plants, which grow on silt swamp soil, humus marsh soil, peat swamp soil, peat soil and coastal salt soil. They have a wide adaptability to water, and can grow from a few centimeters to a depth of lm. The most suitable water depth is about 20 to 30 cm. pH6. 0 ⁇ 7. 5, alkali resistance is not acid resistant, pH above 8. 5 can also survive, but the growth is not good, the plant is short, and the stem is soft.
  • the mass concentration ratio is 20%. 5L/hm 2 , mixed with 2 ⁇ 3. 5kg/ hm 2 of herbicides with a mass concentration ratio of 45%, diluted with water to 500 ⁇ 600 times. It is best applied in the wet morning and evening of the soil, which can prevent the growth of a large number of weeds in the field, and the sporadic weeds in the late growth stage, artificially eradicated.
  • the main pest is aphid, sprayed with a mass concentration ratio of 10% imipenem WP 500 times liquid; or a mass concentration ratio of 40% omethoate emulsifiable concentrate 1. 5 ⁇ 2 . 5L/hm 2 , plus mass concentration The ratio is 80% dichlorvos EC 0. 75 ⁇ lL/hm 2 , diluted with water to 500 ⁇ 600 times liquid spray control.
  • Castration in the middle of jointing is more appropriate, which not only increases the number of harvests, but also has less impact on autumn harvest.
  • Harvesting before the middle of jointing is beneficial to the growth of the latter, but the yield is low.
  • the yield per harvest is high, but it affects the growth of the next one and reduces the total yield.
  • the harvest can be postponed appropriately during the flood period, but not later than the flowering period.
  • the plant's apical dominance is removed, which causes the axillary buds on the wreck to sprout into new strains. Only the lower axillary buds of the reeds can germinate, and the buds can germinate everywhere.
  • the height of the stubble is 10 ⁇ 30cm, and there are 1 ⁇ 2 knots guaranteed. Each time you cast, you must leave 1 or 2 knots on the basis of the previous stay.
  • the seedlings of Eichhornia crassipes and algae are used for asexual reproduction, the planting area is enlarged, and the water-fertilizer management and multiple harvesting are realized to achieve fast-growing and high-yield production.
  • Eichhornia crassipes and algae can be propagated throughout the year at temperatures below 10 ⁇ , and winters need to be protected in frosty areas in winter. When the average water temperature reaches 15'C or higher on the next year, choose to be rich in organic matter.
  • the water depth is 0. 5 ⁇ lm in a calm water body or a slow-flowing water body, and the roots of the plants are placed in the water downwards to naturally survive, and 500 to 1000 seedlings are placed on each acre of water. Seedlings are enclosed by ropes or frames to avoid wind and waves. 20 to 40 days can be overgrown with water, every 10 to 15 days of topdressing 1 time, each time per mu of fermented organic fertilizer 500 ⁇ 1000kg or foliar spray 1 ⁇ : 3% urea solution 50 ⁇ 100kg.
  • the water depth is 30 ⁇ 100cm, and the water depth can exceed 10m. It can still grow normally, but it is not convenient for fertilizer and water management.
  • the base fertilizer Before the large-scale planting, the base fertilizer should be applied.
  • the nutrient-rich water body should be fertilized with organic fertilizer 500 ⁇ 1000kg, and the nutrient-deficient water body should be cooked with 1000 ⁇ 2000kg of organic fertilizer.
  • Submerged sludge An organic-rich eutrophic water body that agitates the silt after each harvest to reduce the amount of applied organic fertilizer and the number of applications.
  • the water surface is divided into several units by rope, trees, bamboo and other materials to prevent the water from affecting the plant ramets, and the appropriate plant density can increase the individual growth height of the plants.
  • a single growth unit area of 1000 ⁇ 5000 m 2 is suitable, and the fence is exposed to a water surface height of 10 to 50 cm.
  • the main pests and diseases are aphids, leaf curlers, green worms, powder beetles and verticillium wilt.
  • the most harmful ones are aphids and verticillium.
  • the control of aphids can be diluted with water to 200% to 300 times with a mass concentration ratio of 40% dimethoate. After the onset of verticillium wilt, spray with Bordeaux mixture of 5 kg of quicklime, 5 kg of sulfur, and 800 to 1000 kg of water.
  • the total growth of each harvest is 30 ⁇ 40%, and the maximum is no more than 50%. Ensure that there are enough seedlings to continue to breed, and at the same time spread the plants evenly, and apply 200 ⁇ 500kg per mu of fermented organic fertilizer or stir the sludge to facilitate growth.
  • the unicellular algae are used to reproduce the offspring through divisional reproduction.
  • the multicellular algae reproduces the offspring through spore reproduction, expands the culture area, and realizes fast-growing and high-yield production through production management and multiple harvests.
  • the reins and the ropes can be made of polyethylene rope and brown rope.
  • the brown rope fiber contains a large amount of soluble substance tannic acid, which has certain toxic effects on seaweed seedlings.
  • the treatment method is as follows: Before the brown rope is made, the material is steamed at high temperature for a plurality of times or before the use of the brown rope, the brown rope is first immersed in the seawater.
  • the seaweed fertilized eggs After the seaweed fertilized eggs are attached, they are cultured in a water depth of 1 to 1.5 m for 10 to 15 days, and then moved to the sea for cultivation, and the floating mud and the algae are manually cleaned.
  • the seedling rope can be selected from a brown rope with a diameter of 3 cm or a polyethylene rope with a diameter of 1.5 cm.
  • the unbranched seedlings sandwich the roots in the seedling ropes, and the branched seedlings separate the branches from each other, and the roots are clamped into the ropes, and the algae are divided on both sides of the rope.
  • the distance between small seaweed seedlings is more than 5cm, and large algae such as giant algae and big leaf algae can reach a distance of l ⁇ 2m, and the suitable distance is 1. 5m.
  • sea urchin which can be fenced around the breeding area. It can also kill sea urchins that eat seaweed with quicklime water, or stock sea urchins that eat sea urchins in algae.
  • the roots are preserved during the first harvest from June to July, and can continue to grow. It can be harvested 2 to 4 times a year, and the seedlings can grow for many years.
  • the moss spores begin to mature in the southern part of China in May, and the northern part is after July. When the spores are cut, they are placed in a cool and ventilated place. When the spores are completely detached, the spores are removed and the spores are dried. In the container.
  • moss spores can be propagated throughout the year; usually spores are sown in spring from February to March, and can also be sown in the fall from August to September.
  • the mature spores were treated with gibberellin at a concentration of 300 mg / kg for 15 minutes.
  • the spore powder was spread evenly on the bed with a brush or a soft brush. No need to cover the soil, and the spore powder was in contact with the soil surface. After sowing, cover the mulch on the bed surface, keep warm and moisturize; the light intensity is suitable for scattering light, the temperature is controlled at about 20 °C, and the relative humidity of air is maintained at 80% ⁇ 90%.
  • Soil moisture is controlled at around 60%.
  • the moss When the moss grows to 4 ⁇ 5cm, it can be expanded and cut into thin sections, evenly spread on the flat land, and then covered with a layer of fine soil to grow. 1% ⁇ 0. 1% ⁇ To promote the growth, spray 0. 1 ⁇ 0. 2% urine liquid and 0. 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution.
  • Example 8 Fast-growing plant drying, compression molding
  • the harvested fast-growing plants are naturally air-dried or sun-dried to reduce the water content of the plants.
  • the fast-growing plants naturally dried was pulverized with a pulverizer, the pulverized particles plant length 3 ⁇ 5 C m.
  • the plant granules are sent to the baking room for heating and drying, so that the water content of the plant is less than 10%.
  • the dried plant granules are extruded using a biomass molding machine at a temperature of 150 to 300 Torr, a pressure of 4 to 1 OMpa, and a water content of 4 to 10%.
  • Anti-mold treatment of fast-growing plant molding materials before storage Common anti-mold agents include benzoic acid and sodium benzoate, sodium diacetate, fumaric acid and vinegar, propionic acid and its salts, and Yamanashi. Acids and their salts.
  • Sodium benzoate is an acidic preservative. It has an inhibitory effect on various microorganisms at pH 2. 5 ⁇ 4. 0. The milk is added to the dairy diet with 0.3% benzoic acid. The milk yield can be increased. 7. 4%.
  • Fumaric acid and its vinegar are an acidic preservative with broad-spectrum, high-efficiency bacteriostatic action, which inhibits the growth of molds, bacteria and yeasts. It is suitable for a wide pH range, which can improve taste and improve feed utilization.
  • Propionic acid and its salts are acidic preservatives, inhibit microbial reproduction, have a broad spectrum of inhibition, and are effective against yeasts, bacteria and molds, especially for spoilage microorganisms.
  • Propionic acid inhibits the growth rate of mold, reduces the number of molds, reduces the toxins produced by microorganisms, and prolongs the storage period.
  • the antibacterial property of sorbic acid increases with the increase of acidity, and can inhibit the growth of yeast and mold, and is used in the range of pH 5 to 6 or less.
  • Fast-growing plant molding materials and storage sites can be killed by ultraviolet radiation to prevent mold and fungi; Regular ventilation and ultraviolet radiation are used to prevent mildew and disintegration of plant molding materials.
  • the molding materials should regularly disinfect, kill insects and eliminate rodents in the warehouse, keep the new storage, and the principle of first-in-first-out.
  • Example 10 Processing of fast-growing plant sulfur-fixed coal after molding and storage
  • the raw coal and the fast-growing plant molding materials and quicklime to be blended are separately dried. After drying, the raw coal has a water content of less than 2%, the formed fast-growing plant has a water content of less than 10%, and the quicklime water content is less than 3%.
  • the dried raw coal is pulverized and sieved so that the diameter of the raw coal particles after sieving is less than 3 mm.
  • the dried fast-growing plant is sifted and sieved so that the length of the sieved plant is less than 3 mm.
  • the dried lime particles after sieving the diameter of the sieved lime particles is less than 0. 1mm.
  • a method for direct combustion of fast-growing plants after being formed and sealed is a method for direct combustion of fast-growing plants after being formed and sealed:
  • the fast-growing plant-formed cake, stick or pellets taken out after storage is sent to the feeder by the conveying device, and the feeder feeds the fuel into the furnace for combustion.
  • Example 12 Preparation of hemicellulose by fast-growing plants after molding and storage
  • the pulverized plant granules are dried under the condition of 55 ⁇ 60 15 for 15 ⁇ 18h.
  • the volume ratio of the dried plant particles to ethanol toluene is 1. 8 ⁇ 2. 2: 1, extraction 5 ⁇ 7h.
  • Example 13 Preparation of fast-growing plants after molding and storage into ethanol fuel
  • a method for preparing an instant fuel by forming a fast-growing plant after storage 1.
  • the fast-growing plant-formed cake, stick or pellets taken out after storage are pulverized into small particles having a diameter of 2 to 3 cm.
  • the prepared particles plants fast heating steam, when the material temperature reached 100 ° C is maintained 2 ⁇ 5min 0
  • the inoculating amount is 0. 1 ⁇ 0. 3%, the inoculum is activated for 24 hours before inoculation, when the temperature is cooled to 40 ⁇ 50 °C, and the fermenting bacteria is inoculated.
  • the inoculated raw materials are put into the fermentation tank, and the pool temperature is controlled at 18 ⁇ 20 ⁇ ; the preferred scheme is to first lay a layer of dry material at the bottom of the pool, and then fill the pool with the inoculated raw materials after filling, and the raw materials along the wall when filling Step on the net to drain the oxygen in the fermentation tank, then cover the plastic sheet and dry chaff, straw and other insulation materials; the fermentation temperature is controlled at 20 ⁇ 40. C, the temperature rises slowly in the first 12 hours of fermentation; the temperature rises faster within 24 hours of the middle of fermentation, and the temperature of the insulation material should be properly removed; the temperature should be stabilized at 30 ⁇ 40 °C for 36 hours after fermentation, which promotes more decomposition of fibers.
  • the pool is distilled, and the traditional steaming method is adopted for distillation.
  • the alcohol is gradually exchanged by the wine cellar, and the ethanol is gradually exchanged, so that the ethanol is concentrated, and the ethanol concentration of the distillate is high to low.
  • the preferred solution is to use steam to slow down at the beginning of the distillation, and to open the large steam gate and the steam rear-end when the ethanol concentration of the distillate is low.
  • Example 14 Preparation of an instant alcohol-based fuel by forming a fast-growing plant
  • a method for preparing an alcohol-based fuel by forming and sealing a fast-growing plant :
  • the pulverized plant fiber is added to the water to soak for 30 minutes;
  • the singularity of the reaction is 2. 2h, the reaction temperature is 1. 2%, the temperature is 125 ° C, the hydrogen pressure is 1. 6Mpa, the stirring speed is 250r / min, the reaction is 2. 2h ; 9. Filter the solid catalyst and distill it by adding dimethyl sulfoxide.
  • the finished alcohol-based fuel product is obtained, and contains methanol, ethanol, dimethyl ether, methyl valerate and the like.
  • the plants which are taken out after storage, are molded into cakes, sticks or granules. After removing the mildew and spoilage parts, they are pulverized, and the large particles are removed by the ⁇ 2 mesh screen.
  • the sieved raw materials are passed through a vibrating screen to remove sediment and powder.
  • the cleaned raw materials are dried to make the fiber moisture content 3 to 5%.
  • the amount of the coupling agent is 0.15%.
  • the amount of the modified melamine urea-formaldehyde resin adhesive is 10% after the drying, and the amount is 0. 13 ⁇ 0.
  • Hot-press molding after sizing raw material paving hot pressing temperature 150 ⁇ 160°C, slab density 30kg/m 3 , length and width specifications and thickness can be determined according to needs, thickness is usually 8 ⁇ 10cm, slab contains The amount of water is 4 ⁇ 6 fl /. .
  • the surface of the slab is treated and trimmed to meet the requirements of the finished board.
  • Example 16 Processed and sealed fast-growing plants processed into lexical materials
  • the plants which are taken out after storage, are molded into cakes, sticks or granules, removed from mildew and spoilage, and then pulverized.
  • the granules are removed by a 2 ⁇ 3 mesh screen to increase the palatability of the livestock.
  • Example 17 Fast-growing plant compost after molding and storage
  • the compost raw materials are piled up, and the upper cover film is used for sealing fermentation; during fermentation, the temperature inside the raw material pile is controlled to be 50 ⁇ 60 ° C, when the temperature is higher than 60 ° C, the cover film is uncovered, and the stacking ventilation is properly performed. Spray water to cool down.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

A method for air CO2 content reduction by means of planting, shaping for carbon sequestration and storage, and comprehensive utilization of a fast-growing plant. The method comprises: (1) planting and/or cultivating a fast-growing woody, herbal, algae, lichen or moss plant in a chosen land region or a water body region; (2) performing cutting, harvesting or gathering when the fast-growing woody, herbal, algae, lichen or moss plant grows to a height or size suitable for cutting, harvesting or gathering after a period of time; (3) drying the cut, harvested or gathered fast-growing woody, herbal, algae, lichen or moss plant; (4) processing and shaping the dried fast-growing woody, herbal, algae, lichen or moss plant; (5) transporting the dried and shaped biomass to a storage place for storage; and (6) comprehensively utilizing the dried fast-growing woody, herbal, algae, lichen or moss plant.

Description

速生植物种植、 成型、 固碳封存与综合利用的方法 本发明的领域  Method for planting, shaping, carbon sequestration and comprehensive utilization of fast-growing plants Field of the invention
本发明涉及速生植物种植、 成型、 固碳封存与综合利用的方法， 属于环保领 域。  The invention relates to a method for planting, forming, carbon sequestration and comprehensive utilization of fast-growing plants, and belongs to the field of environmental protection.
背景技术  Background technique
十八世纪工业革命以来， 人类向大气中排放的 co2等温室气体逐年增加， 大 气温室效应随之增强， 引起地球上的病、虫、害和传染性疾病濒发；海平面上升； 气候反常， 海洋风暴增多； 土地干旱， 沙漠化面积迅速扩大等一系列严重问题。 近几十年来， 由于人口急剧增加， 工业迅猛发展， 呼吸产生的 co2量及煤炭、 石 油、 天然气燃烧产生的 0)2量， 大大超出过去的平均增长水平。 大气中的 co2每 增加 1倍， 全球平均气温将上升 1. 5〜4. 5°C， 两极地区的气温升幅则要比平均 值高 3倍左右。气温升高不可避免地使极地冰层部分融解， 引起海平面上升。海 平面升高 1 m， 淹没土地五百万平方公里， 受影响的人口约 10亿， 世界耕地总 量减少 1/3。 特大风暴潮和盐水侵入， 沿海海拔 5m以下地区都将受到影响， 这 些地区的人口和粮食产量约占世界的 1/2。 温室效应和全球气候变暖已经引起了 世界各国的普遍关注。 目前推进制订国际气候变化公约、 减少 C02的排放已经成 为大势所趋。 世界各国正在设想采取各种措施减少（：02的排放， 其中， 固碳技术 的运用成为人们讨论和研究的焦点。例如， 有些科学家建议将二氧化碳封存于海 洋底部或地层下， 但是封存的二氧化碳仍然会溶于海水中， 导致海水酸化， 从而 影响到海洋环境， 并且在海底固碳的成本是相当高昂的； 地下封存同样也具有一 定的危害性。 另外还有人建议通过植树造林来固碳。 Since the industrial revolution of the 18th century, greenhouse gases such as co 2 emitted by humans into the atmosphere have increased year by year, and the atmospheric greenhouse effect has increased, causing diseases, insects, pests and infectious diseases on the earth; sea level rise; climate anomalies , a series of serious problems such as the increase of marine storms; the rapid drought of land and the rapid expansion of desertification area. In recent decades, due to the rapid increase in population and the rapid development of industry, the amount of co 2 produced by respiration and the amount of 0, 2 produced by the combustion of coal, oil and natural gas have greatly exceeded the average growth rate of the past. Atmospheric co 2 each doubling in the global average temperature will rise 1. 5~4. 5 ° C, the temperature increase in the polar regions is about 3 times higher than the average. The rise in temperature inevitably melts the polar ice layer and causes sea level rise. The sea level rises by 1 m, the land is inundated by 5 million square kilometers, the affected population is about 1 billion, and the total amount of cultivated land in the world is reduced by 1/3. Extraordinary storm surges and saltwater intrusion, which are affected by coastal elevations below 5 m, account for about half of the world's population and food production. The greenhouse effect and global warming have caused widespread concern in countries around the world. At present, it is becoming a general trend to promote the formulation of the International Climate Change Convention and reduce the emissions of C0 2 . Countries in the world are thinking of taking a variety of measures to reduce (: emissions 02, in which the use of carbon sequestration technology has become the focus of discussion and research, for example, some scientists have suggested that sequestration of carbon dioxide at the ocean bottom or formations, but the sequestration of carbon dioxide. It will still dissolve in seawater, causing acidification of seawater, which will affect the marine environment, and the cost of carbon sequestration on the seabed is quite high; underground storage is also harmful. In addition, it is recommended to fix carbon by afforestation.
CN201310111727. 2 公开了通过速生草本植物的种植、 收割和填埋实现固碳 的方法， 该方法没有最大化解决对速生植物填埋后的综合利用和填埋过程的统 计、 管理的问题。 CN101224464A (2008. 07. 23 , 申请号 CN200810018961. X)公幵 了利用生物质进行地下固碳的方法， 该方法在于将生物质（主要为秸秆）预先干 燥， 进行压缩及添加防腐剂处理， 然后埋藏于地下， 例如埋藏于地势高、 干旱少 雨的地区或埋藏于废弃的煤矿井底下。该专利主要利用庄稼或农作物的秸秆进行 地下填埋， 实现固碳的目的，但是，秸秆的产量太低， 一年中只能进行一次集中、 大规模地收割， 不能多次收割， 其生物质总量太少， 不足以使全球大气中 co2含 量有效下降， 且填埋场一般远离农作物种植区， 秸秆运输到填埋场的运输成本太 高， 而添加防腐剂将会导致成本提高和坏境污染， 同时， 填埋后产生的 C02、 CH4 等温室气体没有得到控制与利用。 CN201310111727. 2 A method for carbon fixation by planting, harvesting and landfilling of fast-growing herbaceous plants is disclosed, which does not maximize the problem of statistical and management of the comprehensive utilization and landfilling process of fast-growing plants after landfilling. CN101224464A (2008. 07. 23, application No. CN200810018961. X) discloses a method for underground carbon sequestration using biomass, which comprises pre-drying biomass (mainly straw), compressing and adding preservative treatment, and then Buried underground, for example buried in high-lying, dry and rain-stricken areas or buried under abandoned coal mines. The patent mainly uses straw from crops or crops. Underground landfill, the purpose of carbon sequestration, but the yield of straw is too low, only one concentrated and large-scale harvesting in a year, can not be harvested multiple times, the total amount of biomass is too small, not enough to make the global atmosphere The content of CO 2 is effectively reduced, and the landfill is generally far away from the crop planting area. The transportation cost of straw transportation to the landfill is too high, and the addition of preservatives will lead to cost increase and environmental pollution. At the same time, it will be produced after landfill. Greenhouse gases such as C0 2 and CH 4 are not controlled and utilized.
目前能源和环境问题己成为全球关注的焦点， 虽然石油、煤和天然气至今仍 是燃料和有机化学原料的主要来源，但是随着化石能源的 益枯竭和环境问题的 日趋严重， 开发洁净、 可再生能源已成为紧迫的课题。 生物质种类和蕴藏量都是 极其丰富的， 地球上生物物种有 3000〜5000万种。 光合作用将太阳能转化为化 学能并贮存在生物质中， 是植物赖以生长的主要物质来源和全部能量来源。速生 植物通过光合作用以生物质形态储存太阳能，并作为燃料利用己有十分悠久的历 史， 是人类最古老的生活能源之一， 它可使人类摆脱对储量有限的化石燃料的依 赖， 同时使用这类燃料也可减少温室气体排放， 减小对大气环境的影响。 而且由 生物质转化而来的燃料比较干净， 使用有利于环境保护。  At present, energy and environmental issues have become the focus of global attention. Although oil, coal and natural gas are still the main sources of fuel and organic chemical raw materials, with the depletion of fossil energy and environmental problems, the development of clean, renewable Energy has become an urgent issue. The types and reserves of biomass are extremely rich, with 3,000 to 50 million species of organisms on Earth. Photosynthesis converts solar energy into chemical energy and stores it in biomass. It is the main source of material and the source of all energy that plants rely on for growth. Fast-growing plants use solar energy to store solar energy in the form of biomass and have a long history as a fuel. It is one of the oldest living energy sources of human beings. It can free humans from dependence on fossil fuels with limited reserves. Fuels can also reduce greenhouse gas emissions and reduce the impact on the atmosphere. Moreover, the fuel converted from biomass is relatively clean and the use is conducive to environmental protection.
尽管人们设想和研究了各种生物质能源技术，但现有技术中没有公开过通过 速生草本植物制造能源的方法， 也没有速生草本植物制造单糖、 木糖的报导。  Although various biomass energy technologies have been conceived and studied, the prior art does not disclose methods for producing energy through fast-growing herbs, nor does it report on the production of monosaccharides and xylose by fast-growing herbs.
另外， 建筑板材每年都要消费大量的树木， 颗粒燃料也是由树木加工后的副 产品制成。树脂生产每年都要消耗大量的化石原料， 且产品降解时间长， 对环境 污染大。  In addition, building panels consume large amounts of trees each year, and pellet fuels are also made from by-products processed from trees. Resin production consumes a large amount of fossil raw materials every year, and the product has a long degradation time and is highly polluting to the environment.
发明内容  Summary of the invention
本发明的目的是提供速生植物种植、 成型、 固碳封存与综合利用的方法。 通 过在陆地或水体区域中种植和 /或培育速生丰产的木本、 草本、 藻类、 地衣或苔 藓等植物 (简称速生植物），收割或采收所培育或所生长的速生木本、草本、藻类、 地衣或苔藓植物， 干燥后进行成型， 以达到进行固碳封存与综合利用的目的。  The object of the present invention is to provide a method for planting, molding, carbon sequestration and comprehensive utilization of fast growing plants. Harvesting or harvesting fast-growing woody, herbaceous, algae grown or grown by planting and/or cultivating fast-growing, high-yielding plants such as woody, herbaceous, algae, lichens or moss in terrestrial or water-based areas. , Lichen or bryophytes, dried and then molded to achieve the purpose of carbon sequestration and comprehensive utilization.
在本申请中，所述的植物广义地包括速生木本、草本、藻类、地衣或苔藓 (低 等植物）。  In the present application, the plants generally include fast-growing woody, herbaceous, algae, lichens or mosses (lower plants).
本发明的实施方案概括如下：  Embodiments of the invention are summarized as follows:
1、 利用速生植物种植、 成型、 固碳封存与综合利用的方法， 该方法包括： ( 1 )在选定的陆地区域或水体区域（包括淡水和海水）中种植和 /或培育速 生木本、 草本、 藻类、 地衣或苔藓植物； ( 2 ) 在速生木本、 草本、 藻类、 地衣或苔藓植物经过一段时间生长到合适 砍伐、 收割或采收的高度或尺寸时， 进行砍伐、 收割或采收陆地区域或水体区域 中种植和 /或培育的速生植物； 速生木本植物收获的是树叶、 树枝和树干的地上 部分， 经过砍伐后的速生木本植物， 有部分品种可从树干上再次生长出树干、树 枝和树叶， 不能再次生长的木本植物需再次种植新的植株； 陆地区域种植和 /或 培育的速生草本植物，收割或采收后保留一定高度以便保留该草本植物的根以及 茎的下部分； 水体区域中种植和 /或培育的速生草本植物或速生藻类， 收割或采 收时在水体区域中保留一部分的草本植株或一部分的藻类； 陆地区域中种植和 / 或培育的地衣或苔藓， 收割或采收时在陆地区域中保留一部分的地衣或苔藓；1. The use of fast-growing planting, forming, carbon sequestration and comprehensive utilization methods, including: (1) planting and/or cultivating fast-growing woody trees in selected terrestrial or water-based areas (including freshwater and seawater), Herbaceous, algae, lichens or bryophytes; (2) Harvesting, harvesting or harvesting of land areas or water bodies in fast-growing woody, herbaceous, algae, lichens or bryophytes when grown to a suitable height, size or size for harvesting, harvesting or harvesting and/or Or fast-growing plants; fast-growing woody plants harvest the aerial parts of leaves, branches, and trunks. After felling, fast-growing woody plants, some varieties can grow trunks, branches, and leaves from the trunk again, and cannot grow again. Woody plants need to be replanted with new plants; fast-growing herbaceous plants grown and/or cultivated in the land area, retained at a certain height after harvesting or harvesting in order to retain the roots of the herb and the lower part of the stem; planted in the water area and/or Or cultivated fast-growing herbaceous plants or fast-growing algae, which retain a portion of herbaceous plants or a portion of algae in the water body during harvesting or harvesting; lichens or moss grown and/or cultivated in land areas, harvested or harvested in land areas Retain a portion of the lichens or moss;
( 3 ) 对于砍伐、 收割或采收的速生木本、 草本、 藻类、 地衣或苔藓植物进 行干燥， 优选自然干燥如晒干或风干， 以获得干燥的木本、 草本、 藻类、 地衣或 苔藓植物； (3) Drying, harvesting, harvesting or harvesting fast-growing woody, herbaceous, algae, lichens or bryophytes, preferably naturally drying, such as drying or air drying, to obtain dried woody, herbaceous, algae, lichens or bryophytes ;
( 4 ) 将干燥后的速生木本、 草本、 藻类、 地衣或苔藓植物加工成型， 优选 压缩成型， 以获得成型的颗粒状、 棒状、 柱状、 块状、 方形、 圆形、 三角形、 多 边形等多种立体几何形状的固体生物质；  (4) processing the dried fast-growing woody, herbaceous, algae, lichens or bryophytes, preferably by compression molding, to obtain shaped pellets, rods, columns, blocks, squares, circles, triangles, polygons, etc. Solid biomass of solid geometry;
( 5 ) 将干燥、 成型后的生物质运往储存库进行封存， 储存库可建在平原、 山地、 高原、 沙漠、 冰川、 永久性冻土地带等区域的地上或地下， 进行存放， 将 生物质碳长时间封存；  (5) The dried and formed biomass is transported to a storage for storage. The storage can be built on the ground or underground of areas such as plains, mountains, plateaus, deserts, glaciers, and permafrost zones, and the biomass is stored. Carbon is stored for a long time;
(6 ) 将干燥后的速生木本、 草本、 藻类、 地衣或苔藓植物进行综合利用， 生物质能源可固化加工成生物质成型燃料、生物质固硫型煤， 或气化成生物质燃 气， 或液化成液化油， 或热解成生物质油； 或直接燃烧发电； 生物质还可转化为 化工产品、 造纸、 建筑材料、 包装材料、 饲料、 肥料。  (6) Comprehensive utilization of dried fast-growing woody, herbaceous, algae, lichens or bryophytes, which can be solidified into biomass-forming fuels, biomass-fixed sulfur coals, or gasified into biomass gas, or Liquefaction into liquefied oil, or pyrolysis into biomass oil; or direct combustion to generate electricity; biomass can also be converted into chemical products, paper, building materials, packaging materials, feed, fertilizer.
在本发明中， 砍伐、 收割或采收一般是机械或人工砍伐、 收割或采收， 优选 机械砍伐、 收割或采收， 例如使用伐木机砍伐木本植物， 使用农用收割机收割禾 本植物， 使用滤网来采收藻类。  In the present invention, felling, harvesting or harvesting is generally mechanical or manual cutting, harvesting or harvesting, preferably mechanical felling, harvesting or harvesting, for example using a feller to cut down woody plants and using agricultural harvesters to harvest grasses, Use a strainer to harvest algae.
2、根据以上 1项的方法， 其中在步骤 (2)中砍伐木本植物时， 能再次生长出 树干、 树枝和树叶的木本植物， 所保留的树干切口要整齐， 并对切口进行适当处 理， 加快伤口愈合， 促进树干上休眠芽萌发； 收割或采收在陆地区域中生长的速 生草本植物时， 所保留的 "茎的下部分" 至少具有一个节理， 优选 2-3个节理， 以促进植物迅速发芽或长出新叶； 收割或采收藻类、 地衣或苔藓时， 所保留的植 株数量优选 20%以上。 2. The method according to the above item 1, wherein in the step (2), when the woody plant is felled, the woody plant which can grow the trunk, the branch and the leaf again, the reserved trunk incision is neat, and the incision is properly treated. To accelerate wound healing and promote the germination of dormant buds on the trunk; when harvesting or harvesting fast-growing herbaceous plants growing in the land area, the "lower part of the stem" retained has at least one joint, preferably 2-3 joints, to promote Plants sprout or grow new leaves; preserved plants when harvesting or harvesting algae, lichens or moss The number of strains is preferably 20% or more.
3、根据以上 1项的方法， 其中在步骤（1)选定的陆地区域或水体区域中种植 和 /或培育速生木本、 草本、 藻类、 地衣或苔藓植物或在步骤 (2)的进行砍伐、 收 割或采收后的速生植物，进行肥水管理， 通过灌溉和施肥来保持陆生区域土壤中 水分和养分的平衡， 和通过施肥来保持水生区域中氮磷钾的合理含量， 可在这些 区域中定期或周期性地（多次)施用肥料 (如化肥或腐熟的有机肥）。  3. The method according to the above item 1, wherein the planting and/or cultivating the fast-growing woody, herbaceous, algae, lichens or bryophytes in the land area or the water body area selected in the step (1) or cutting in the step (2) Fast-growing plants after harvesting or harvesting, management of fertilizer and water, irrigation and fertilization to maintain the balance of water and nutrients in the terrestrial soil, and fertilization to maintain a reasonable content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the aquatic zone, in these areas Fertilizers (such as fertilizers or decomposed organic fertilizers) are applied periodically or periodically (multiple times).
4、 根据以上 3项所述的方法， 其中所述的有机肥处理包括：  4. The method according to the above 3, wherein the organic fertilizer treatment comprises:
a)生物质的收集、 清选、 除去杂物；  a) collection, cleaning and removal of biomass from biomass;
这些装置或***以及方法是现有技术中常用的， 如公幵于 CN1059067 ( CN90107088. 2 ) 中的手推式双轮多用收割机， 公开于 CN102972151A (CN201210508848. 6)中的玉米收割、秸秆分离机及收割方法，公开于 CN1071041 (CN91109335. 4 ) 中的剪式收割车， 公开于 CN1086951 (CN92113204. 2 ) 中的牧 草种子联合收割机及其工艺流程， 公开于 CN1189963 ( CN97101351. 9 ) 中的带锯 式收割机， 公开于 CN1349729 (CN01135222. 1 ) 中的玉米青饲收获机秸杆收割、 切碎复合滚筒， 公开于 CN1754418 (CN200510116585. 4 ) 中的***和类似植物的 收割机， 公开于 CN102783392A (CN201110146955. 4 ) 中的灌木类砍伐机， 公开 于 CN102057856A ( CN200910221658. 4 ) 中的树股砍伐器， 公开于 CN1839679 ( CN200510063668. 1 ) 中的阔叶树种砍伐再生方法， 公开于 CN1544165 ( CN200310106292. 9 ) 中的凤眼莲自动脱水机， 公开于 CN101514324 ( CN200910132365. 9 ) 中的收集微藻的方法与装置， 公开于 CN101555455 ( CN200910202971. 3 ) 中的一种微藻的培养 /收获方法和***， 公开于 CN101597564 (CN200910137526. 3 )中的一种微藻收获方法、 ***及微藻收获机， 公开于 CN101586078 (CN200910033870. 8 ) 中的一种产生物柴油微藻的规模化收 获方法及装置；  These devices or systems and methods are commonly used in the prior art, such as the hand-pushing two-wheeled multi-purpose harvester disclosed in CN1059067 (CN90107088. 2), and the corn harvesting and straw separation disclosed in CN102972151A (CN201210508848. 6). Machine and harvesting method, the scissor harvester disclosed in CN1071041 (CN91109335. 4), the forage seed combine harvester disclosed in CN1086951 (CN92113204. 2) and its process flow, disclosed in CN1189963 (CN97101351. 9) Band saw harvester, corn green forage harvester straw harvesting, shredded composite drum disclosed in CN1349729 (CN01135222. 1 ), cannabis and similar plant harvesters disclosed in CN1754418 (CN200510116585. 4), published in A shrub harvester in CN102783392A (CN201110146955. 4), a tree feller disclosed in CN102057856A (CN200910221658. 4), a broadleaf tree felling regeneration method disclosed in CN1839679 (CN200510063668.1), disclosed in CN1544165 (CN200310106292. 9) The Eichhornia crassipes automatic dewatering machine is disclosed in CN101514324 (CN200910132365. 9) Method and apparatus for collecting microalgae, a method and system for cultivating/harvesting microalgae disclosed in CN101555455 (CN200910202971. 3), disclosed in CN101597564 (CN200910137526. 3), a microalgae harvesting method, system and micro Algae harvester, a large-scale harvesting method and apparatus for producing diesel microalgae disclosed in CN101586078 (CN200910033870. 8 );
b)对生物质进行生化处理和制造有机肥料， 该生化处理包括好氧发酵和 /或 厌氧发酵， 和任选的堆肥处理；  b) biochemical treatment of biomass and manufacture of organic fertilizers, including aerobic fermentation and/or anaerobic fermentation, and optional composting;
该生化处理和制造有机肥料的技术是现有技术中常用的， 例如公开于 CN1112099 (CN95102250. 4 ) 中的多效有机肥及其生产方法， 公开于 CN1173480 (CN97115648. 4 ) 中的全营养颗粒高效有机肥及其加工工艺， 公开于 CN1184796 ( CN96120968. 2 ) 中的高效绿色有机肥及其加工方法， 公幵于 CN1219525 ( CN97126089. 3 ) 中的液态有机肥料及其制造方法， 公开于 CN1219523 ( CN97126084. 2 ) 中的固态有机肥料的制造方法， 公开于 CN1257853 ( CN99127128. 9 ) 中的高效生物有机肥及其制备方法， 公开于 CN1347859 (CN01128171. 5 ) 中的植物有机肥， 公开于 CN1348940 (CN01144113. 5 ) 中的利 用有机废弃物生产有机肥料的综合生物技术方法， 公开于 CN1407068 (CN01127346. 1 ) 中的农作物秸杆转化为液体燃料和有机肥料的方法， 公开于 CN1454874 ( CN02114567. 9 ) 中的玉米秸秆生物有机肥， 公开于 CN1562901 (CN200410032797. X)中的一种含藻类植物有机肥料的营养土及其制造方法和使 用方法， 公开于 CN1583679 (CN200410040008. 7 ) 中的水葫芦生物有机肥， 公开 于 CN1594227 (CN03140416. 2 ) 中的一种由海藻提取的天然有机肥料及其制备方 法， 公开于 CN1793068 (CN200610023206. 1 ) 中的废笋壳转化为有机肥料的生产 工艺， 公开于 CN1854108 (CN200510025464. 9 ) 中的一种利用秸杆生产生物有机 肥料的方法， 公开于 CN1868977 (CN200610051876. 4 ) 中的水草植物有机肥及制 备方法， 公开于 CN1994976 (CN200610163811. 9 ) 中的一种纯植物型有机肥料， 公开于 CN1493550 (CN03134513. 1 )中的利用农业废弃物生产生物有机肥的方法， 公开于 CN1569755 ( CN03133732. 5 ) 中的抗逆型海藻肥的制备方法， 公开于 CN1594227 (CN03140416. 2 )中的一种由海藻提取的天然有机肥料及其制备方法， 公开于 CN1229778 (CN98101040. 7 ) 中的一种功能型海藻肥料的生产方法， 公开 于 CN103044104A ( CN201210588066. 8 ) 中的一种生物质仓式堆肥处理设备及方 法， 公开于 CN103011927A ( CN201210588210. 8 ) 中的一种生物质塔式堆肥处理 设备及方法。 The biochemical treatment and the technology for producing organic fertilizers are commonly used in the prior art, such as the multi-effect organic fertilizer disclosed in CN1112099 (CN95102250. 4) and its production method, and the full-nutrient particles disclosed in CN1173480 (CN97115648. 4). High-efficiency organic fertilizer and its processing technology, high-efficiency green organic fertilizer disclosed in CN1184796 (CN96120968. 2) and its processing method, publicly listed in CN1219525 Liquid organic fertilizer (CN97126089. 3) and method for producing the same, the method for producing solid organic fertilizer disclosed in CN1219523 (CN97126084. 2), high-efficiency bio-organic fertilizer disclosed in CN1257853 (CN99127128. 9) and preparation method thereof Plant organic fertilizer disclosed in CN1347859 (CN01128171. 5), published in CN1348940 (CN01144113. 5), a comprehensive biotechnological method for producing organic fertilizers using organic waste, disclosed in CN1407068 (CN01127346. 1) Method for converting rods into liquid fuels and organic fertilizers, corn stalk bio-organic fertilizer disclosed in CN1454874 (CN02114567. 9), a nutrient soil containing algae organic fertilizer and its manufacture disclosed in CN1562901 (CN200410032797.X) Method and method of use, the water hyacinth bio-organic fertilizer disclosed in CN1583679 (CN200410040008. 7), a natural organic fertilizer extracted from seaweed and disclosed in CN1594227 (CN03140416. 2), and a preparation method thereof, disclosed in CN1793068 (CN200610023206) 1) The production process of converting waste bamboo shoot shell into organic fertilizer, disclosed in CN18541 08 (CN200510025464. 9 ) A method for producing bio-organic fertilizer by using straw, the aquatic plant organic fertilizer disclosed in CN1868977 (CN200610051876. 4 ) and a preparation method thereof, disclosed in CN1994976 (CN200610163811. 9 ) Pure plant type organic fertilizer, disclosed in CN1493550 (CN03134513. 1 ), a method for producing bio-organic fertilizer using agricultural waste, a preparation method of anti-reverse seaweed fertilizer disclosed in CN1569755 (CN03133732. 5), disclosed in CN1594227 ( CN03140416. 2) A natural organic fertilizer extracted from seaweed and a preparation method thereof, disclosed in CN1229778 (CN98101040. 7), a method for producing functional seaweed fertilizer, disclosed in CN103044104A (CN201210588066. 8) A biomass bin type composting treatment device and method, disclosed in CN103011927A (CN201210588210. 8), a biomass tower composting processing device and method.
5、根据以上 4项的方法， 所获得的有机肥料被直接施用到种植和 /或培育区 域的土地上， 提供速生陆生植物生长所需的营养元素， 并改良土壤结构、提高土 壤的通气性和透水性； 或将获得的有机肥料堆放在种植和 /或培育区域的水域边 上， 有机肥中的营养元素溶解于水后， 为水生植物提供生长所需的营养元素。其 中施肥方法是本领域中技术人员容易实现的， 现有技术中常用的， 如公开于 CN1032724 ( CN86108727. 5 ) 中的土壤识别与优化施肥方法， 公开于 CN1132018 5. According to the above four methods, the obtained organic fertilizer is directly applied to the land in the planting and/or cultivation area, providing nutrients required for the growth of fast-growing terrestrial plants, improving soil structure and improving soil aeration. And water permeable; or the organic fertilizer obtained is placed on the edge of the water in the planting and/or cultivation area, and the nutrients in the organic fertilizer are dissolved in the water to provide the aquatic plants with the nutrients needed for growth. The fertilization method is easily accomplished by those skilled in the art, and is commonly used in the prior art, such as the soil identification and optimized fertilization method disclosed in CN1032724 (CN86108727. 5), disclosed in CN1132018.
(CN95111293. 7 )中的木本植物木质部穴位埋植固态物的施肥施药方法， 公开于 CN1951166 ( CN200610070211. 8 ) 中的敞穴施肥的方法， 公开于 CN101080975(CN95111293. 7) a method for fertilizing and applying a solid matter in a xylem acupoint of a woody plant, and a method for open hole fertilization disclosed in CN1951166 (CN200610070211. 8), disclosed in CN101080975
( CN200610014017. 8 ) 中 的 一种施肥方法 ， 公开于 CN101695232A ( CN200910207865. 4 ) 中的一种施肥方法及其装置， 公开于 CN102626017A (CN201210123797. 5) 中的一种浅海海草床的施肥方法。 ( Fertilizing method in CN200610014017. 8 ), disclosed in CN101695232A (CN200910207865. 4) A fertilization method and apparatus thereof, disclosed in CN102626017A (CN201210123797. 5), a method for fertilizing a shallow sea seagrass bed.
6、 根据以上 1或 2或 3项的方法， 其中步骤（1) - (6)或步骤 (2) - (6)能够重 复进行。 优选的是根据所述植物的生长高度或尺寸或植株大小 (如陆地区域生长 的速生木本、草本植物或水体区域生长的速生草本植物的生长高度或尺寸或植株 大小)或生长密度 (如藻类、 地衣或苔藓的生长密度）， 重复步骤 (2) - (6)。选择合 适的砍伐、 收割和 /或采收时机， 是本领域中技术人员容易实现的。  6. According to the above method 1 or 2 or 3, wherein steps (1) - (6) or steps (2) - (6) can be repeated. Preferably, it is based on the growth height or size of the plant or the size of the plant (such as the growth height or size or plant size of fast-growing herbaceous plants grown in terrestrial areas, herbaceous plants or water bodies) or growth density (such as algae). , Growth density of lichens or moss), repeat steps (2) - (6). Selection of suitable harvesting, harvesting and/or harvesting opportunities is readily accomplished by those skilled in the art.
7、根据以上 1-6项中任何一项所述的方法，其中作为种植和 /或培育区域 (或 生长区域)的陆地区域或水体区域是指位于低纬度气候、 中纬度气候、 高纬度气 候的陆地区域 (如宜耕种的平地、 盆地、 丘陵、 不宜耕种的沙漠、 戈壁滩、 湿地 或沼泽）， 淡水型的水体区域 (如淡水湖泊、 河流、 水库、 池塘、 沟渠）， 或海洋 区域如海岸附近的近海水域或海湾水域。  7. The method according to any one of the above 1 to 6, wherein the land area or the water area as the planting and/or cultivating area (or growing area) is located at a low latitude climate, a mid latitude climate, and a high latitude climate. Land areas (such as flatlands, basins, hills, uncultivable deserts, Gobi deserts, wetlands or swamps), freshwater waters (such as freshwater lakes, rivers, reservoirs, ponds, ditches), or marine areas such as Offshore waters or bay waters near the coast.
在本申请中， 水体区域分为淡水型的水体区域和海洋型的水体区域。  In the present application, the water body region is divided into a fresh water type water body region and a marine water body region.
速生木本植物在热带、 亚热带、 温热带、 温带地区中生长迅速， 部分品种砍 伐后还可再生成林， 如香樟 （Cinnamomum camphora (L. ) Presl. ) 、 速生桉 （指 巨叶桉与尾叶桉、巨叶桉与赤桉、柳叶桉与隆缘桉、尾叶桉与细叶桉的杂交种）、 黄葛树 ( Ficus virens Ait. var. sublanceolata ( iq. ) Corner ) 、 重阳木 (Bischof ia polycarpa) 、 小叶榕 (Ficus microcarpa var. pusi llifolia) 、 柳树（Salix babylonica)、刺槐（Black Locust )、法桐、梧桐（Firmiana simplex)、 榔榆 (Ulmus parvifolia Jacq. ) 、 苦楝 (Melia azedarach Linn. ) 、 合欢、 楓杨 (China Wingnut , Chinese Winged Nut, Chinese Ash)、喜树 (Camptotheca acuminata) 、 女贞、 银稗 (Grevi llea robusta A Cunn ex R. Br ) 、 柳杉、 蒲 葵 (Livistona chinensis )、杞柳 (Sa ix purpurea) 沙柳 (Sal ix chei lophila)； 速生草本植物在一年中能够多次收割和 /或采收， 尤其在热带、 亚热带、 温热带 地区的陆地区域中， 如香根草 （Vetiveria zizanioides L. ) 、 黑麦草 （Lolium perenne ) 、 苏丹草、 假高粱 (Sorghum halepense (L. ) Pers. ) 、 墨西哥玉米 草，空心莲子草 (Alternanthera phi loxeroides (Mart. ) Griseb. )、青蒿 (Herba Artemisiae Annuae ) 、 力口拿大一枝黄花 ( Golden-rod ) 、 脉草 ( Ambrosia artemisi ifolia L. )、串叶松香草 (Si lpniumperfol iatumL. )、聚合草 ( comfrey)、 紫花苜蓿 (Medicago sativa L. ) 、 山苦荬 ( Ixeris denticulata ) 、 沙打旺 (Astragalus adsurgens Pall. ) 、 籽粒觅 (Amaranthus hypochondriacus L) 、 龙须草 （Juncus effusus ) 、 欧洲菊苣 （Cichorium intybus 1. ) 、 稗、 芦苇、 荻（Nakai ) 、 草高粱、 大米草、 互花米草 （Spartina alterniflora Loisel. ) 、 狐米草、大绳草、海王神草、喜盐草、海菖蒲（Enhalus acoroides (L. f . ) Steud. )、 狼尾草（Pennisetum alopecuroides (L) )、象草（Pennisetum purpureum Sch訓）、 杂交狼尾草， 一年可收获 3〜6次； 尤其在热带、 亚热带、 温热带地区的陆地区 域中， 凤眼莲 （Eichhornia crassipes ) 或水藻甚至一周就能够收割和 /或采收 一次； 巨藻 (Macrocystis pyrifera) 、 大叶藻 (HerbaZosteraeMarinae) 、 褐 藻适合在海岸线附近区域； 蓝藻 （Cyanobacteria) 、 绿藻 （Chlorophyta) 、 硅藻 分布在淡水型水体中； 地衣或苔藓从热带到寒带， 世界各地均有分布。 Fast-growing woody plants grow rapidly in tropical, subtropical, warm-tropical, and temperate regions, and some species can be re-formed after felling, such as Cinnamomum camphora (L.) Presl., fast-growing carp (referring to giant leafhopper) Hybrids with Eucalyptus urophylla, Eucalyptus urophylla and Radix Paeoniae Alba, Rhizophora chinensis and Rhizophora chinensis, Eucalyptus urophylla and Eucalyptus urophylla (Ficus virens Ait. var. sublanceolata ( iq. ) Corner ), Chongyangmu (Bischof ia polycarpa), Ficus microcarpa var. pusi llifolia, Salix babylonica, Black Locust, French paulownia, Firmiana simplex, Ulmus parvifolia Jacq., Melia Azedarach Linn. ), Chinese Wingnut (Chinese Winged Nut, Chinese Ash), Camptotheca acuminata, Gryphon (Grevi llea robusta A Cunn ex R. Br), cedar, puja ( Livistona chinensis ), Sa ix purpurea Salix chei lophila; fast-growing herbaceous plants can be harvested and/or harvested multiple times a year, especially in tropical, subtropical, warm tropical regions. In the regional domain, such as Vetiveria zizanioides L., Lolium perenne, Sudan grass, Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers., Mexican corn grass, Alternanthera phi loxeroides (Alternanthera phi loxeroides ( Mart. ) Griseb. ), Herba Artemisiae Annuae, Golden-rod, Ambrosia artemisi ifolia L., Silpniumperfol iatum L., polymeric grass (comfrey), Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), Mountain Bitter (Ixeris denticulata), Sha Dawang (Astragalus adsurgens Pall.), Amaranthus hypochondriacus L, Juncus effusus, Cichorium intybus 1. , 稗, reed, kai (Nakai), grass sorghum, rice grass, mutual flower rice Grass (Spartina alterniflora Loisel.), foxtail grass, big rope grass, sea king grass, salt grass, sea urchin (Enhalus acoroides (L. f.) Steud.), pennisetum (Pennisetum alopecuroides (L)), Elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum Sch training), hybrid pennisetum, can be harvested 3 to 6 times a year; especially in the tropical, subtropical, warm tropical regions of the land, Eichhornia crassipes or algae even a week Can be harvested and/or harvested once; macrocystis pyrifera, HerbaZosterae Marinane, brown algae suitable for areas near the coastline; Cyanobacteria, Chlorophyta, diatoms distributed in freshwater bodies; Lichens or mosses are distributed from the tropics to the cold, and are distributed all over the world.
8、 根据以上 1-7项中任何一项的方法， 其中在步骤（1)中， 使用速生桉、 黄 葛树、 重阳木、 小叶榕、 柳树、 法桐、 梧桐、 榔榆、 合欢、 杞柳或沙柳作为木本 植物， 用它们的根或茎杆进行无性繁殖； 或使用香樟、 黄葛树、 刺槐、 梧桐、 苦 楝、 合欢、 枫杨、 喜树、 女贞、 银桦、 柳杉或蒲葵作为木本植物， 用它们的种子 进行繁殖； 或使用狼尾草、 象草、 皇竹草、 甜象草、 杂交狼尾草、 空心莲子草、 豚草、 芦苇、 荻、 大米草、 互花米草、 狐米草、 大绳草、 海王神草、 喜盐草、 海 菖蒲、 假高粱、 龙须草、 凤眼莲或水藻作为速生草本植物， 用它们的根或茎杆进 行无性繁殖； 或使用香根草、 黑麦草、 苏丹草、 假高粱、 墨西哥玉米草、 青蒿、 加拿大一枝黄花、 松香草、 聚合草、 紫花苜蓿、 山苦荬、 沙打旺、 籽粒苋、 欧洲 菊苣、 稗或草高粱作为速生草本植物， 用它们的种子进行繁殖； 或使用蓝藻、 绿 藻或硅藻作为淡水藻类， 以***生殖来繁殖后代； 或使用褐藻、 巨藻或大叶藻作 为海水藻类， 以孢子生殖来繁衍后代。  8. The method according to any one of the above 1-7, wherein in the step (1), the fast-growing scorpion, the yellow sapling tree, the sapwood, the sapling, the willow, the paulownia, the paulownia, the scorpion, the acacia, the willow or the sand are used. Willows as woody plants, vegetatively propagated with their roots or stems; or use camphor, arborvitae, hedgehog, paulownia, bitter, acacia, maple, camphor, privet, silver birch, cedar or palmetto as wood Plants, which are propagated with their seeds; or use of Pennisetum, grassy, Phyllostachys praecox, sweet grass, hybrid pennisetum, Alternanthera philoxeroides, ragweed, reed, alfalfa, rice grass, Spartina alterniflora , foxtail grass, big rope grass, sea king grass, hi salt grass, sea iris, fake sorghum, Eulaliopsis, Eichhornia crassipes or algae as fast-growing herb, vegetatively propagated with their roots or stems; or used Vetiver, ryegrass, Sudan grass, fake sorghum, Mexican corn grass, Artemisia annua L., Solidago canadensis, Pine vanilla, Polymer grass, Alfalfa, Mountain bitter, Sandawang, Amaranth, European Chicory, alfalfa or grass sorghum as fast-growing herb, using their seeds for reproduction; or using cyanobacteria, green algae or diatoms as freshwater algae, to divide offspring to breed offspring; or to use brown algae, macroalgae or big leaf algae as seawater Algae, reproduce by spore reproduction.
9、 根据以上 1项的方法， 其中在歩骤 (3)的对于砍伐、 收割或采收的速生木 本、 草本、 藻类、 地衣或苔藓植物进行干燥， 其干燥方法是现有技术中常用的， 如公开于 CN86108209 (CN86108209) 中的远红外木材干燥快速、 高温、 低湿工 艺， 公开于 CN1037207 (CN89101164. 1 )中的干燥方法和装置， 公开于 CN1043027 9. The method according to the above item 1, wherein the fast-growing woody, herbaceous, algae, lichens or bryophytes for cutting, harvesting or harvesting in the step (3) are dried, and the drying method is commonly used in the prior art. A method and apparatus for drying a far-infrared wood drying fast, high temperature, low humidity process as disclosed in CN86108209 (CN86108209), disclosed in CN1037207 (CN89101164. 1), disclosed in CN1043027
( CN89104149. 4 ) 中的植物干燥方法及其工艺品， 公幵于 CN1042532 ( CN89106594. 6 ) 中的人工干燥工艺全正压操作新技术， 公开于 CN1044333 ( CN89100321. 5 ) 中的木材干燥的方法及其装置， 公开于 CN1096052 (CN93107642. 0 ) 中的一种从螺旋藻属生产干燥的藻类生物量的方法， 公开于 CN1137633 (CN96105925.7)中的碎料特别是片料的干燥方法， 公开于 CN1177081 (CN97106634.5) 中的垃圾干燥的新工艺， 公开于 CN1201515 (CN96198059.1 ) 中的木材干燥装置和方法， 公开于 CN1207168 (CN96199473.8) 中的粉粒体的干 燥方法及干燥装置， 公开于 CN1215559 (CN98115714.9) 中的脱水蔬菜冷风、 干 燥方法。 (CN89104149. 4) The method for drying plants and its handicrafts, the artificial drying process in the CN1042532 (CN89106594. 6) is a new method of full positive pressure operation, and the method for drying wood in CN1044333 (CN89100321. 5) A device for producing dried algal biomass from spirulina, disclosed in CN1096052 (CN93107642. 0), disclosed in CN1137633 (CN96105925.7), in particular, a method for drying flakes, a new process for drying waste in CN1177081 (CN97106634.5), a wood drying device and method disclosed in CN1201515 (CN96198059.1), A method and a drying apparatus for drying a powder or granule disclosed in CN1207168 (CN96199473.8), and a method for drying and drying a dehydrated vegetable disclosed in CN1215559 (CN98115714.9).
10、 根据以上 1项的方法， 其中在步骤 (4)的将干燥的速生木本、 草本、 藻 类、 地衣或苔藓植物加工成型， 其成型方法是现有技术中常用的， 如公开于 CN1393536 (CN01119879.6) 中的一种生物质能源压缩成型法及其设备， 公开于 CN 1884454 (CN200610046801.7 ) 中的生物质颗粒燃料， 公开于 CN101497838 10. The method according to the above item 1, wherein the dried fast-growing woody, herb, algae, lichens or bryophytes are processed in the step (4), and the molding method is commonly used in the prior art, as disclosed in CN1393536 ( A biomass energy compression molding method and apparatus therefor, CN01119879.6), biomass pellet fuel disclosed in CN 1884454 (CN200610046801.7), disclosed in CN101497838
(CN200910094144.7)中的一种草木复合基生物质颗粒燃料及其制备方法， 公开 于 CN101402891 (CN200810228817.9) 中的林木废弃物生物质颗粒燃料， 公开于 CN101225340 (CN200710013240.5) 中的一种棉柴生物质颗粒燃料及生产方法， 公开于 CN101012404 (CN200710034411.2) 中的生物质颗粒燃料及其生产方法， 公开于 CN101586805 (CN200910016052.7) 中的一种生物质颗粒燃料燃烧装置， 公开于 CN101613632 (CN200910165596. X) 中的一种生物质颗粒燃料， 公开于 CN101955830A ( CN201010287950.9 ) 中的一种生物质颗粒燃料， 公开于 CN102010770A ( CN201010575582.8 ) 中的一种复合生物质颗粒燃料， 公开于 CN102311831A ( CN201110235216.2 ) 中的环保型生物质颗粒燃料， 公开于 CN102643701A (CN201210098504.2)中的一种生物质颗粒燃料的制备方法， 公开 于 CN102676263A (CN201210157434.3) 中的一种新型生物质颗粒燃料及生产方 法。 A grass-wood composite-based biomass pellet fuel (CN200910094144.7) and a preparation method thereof, the forest waste biomass pellet fuel disclosed in CN101402891 (CN200810228817.9), disclosed in CN101225340 (CN200710013240.5) A firewood biomass pellet fuel and a production method thereof, the biomass pellet fuel disclosed in CN101012404 (CN200710034411.2) and a production method thereof, disclosed in CN101586805 (CN200910016052.7), a biomass pellet fuel burning device disclosed in CN710613632 (CN200910165596. X) A biomass particulate fuel, a biomass particulate fuel disclosed in CN101955830A (CN201010287950.9), a composite biomass pellet fuel disclosed in CN102010770A (CN201010575582.8), An environmentally friendly biomass particulate fuel disclosed in CN102311831A (CN201110235216.2), a method for preparing a biomass particulate fuel disclosed in CN102643701A (CN201210098504.2), disclosed in CN102676263A (CN201210157434.3) Biomass pellet fuel and production method.
11、 根据以上 1-10项任何一项所述的方法， 其特征在于， 所述速生植物干 燥、 压缩成型的方法包括：  The method according to any one of the items 1 to 10 above, characterized in that the method for drying and compression molding of the fast-growing plant comprises:
(1) 将收获的速生植物自然风干或日晒， 降低植物含水量。  (1) The harvested fast-growing plants are naturally air-dried or sun-dried to reduce the water content of the plants.
(2)经自然风干的速生植物用粉碎机进行粉碎，粉碎后植物颗粒长 3〜5cm。 (2) The fast-growing plants that have been naturally air-dried are pulverized by a pulverizer, and the granules are 3 to 5 cm long after pulverization.
(3) 植物颗粒送入烤房内进行加热烘干， 使植物含水量低于 10%。 (3) Plant granules are sent to the baking room for heating and drying, so that the water content of the plant is less than 10%.
(4) 干燥后的植物颗粒利用生物质成型机， 在温度 150〜300Ό、 压力 4〜 10Mpa、 含水量 4〜 10%下挤压成型。  (4) The dried plant granules are extruded by a biomass molding machine at a temperature of 150 to 300 Torr, a pressure of 4 to 10 MPa, and a water content of 4 to 10%.
(5) 成型后的植物型材， 冷却 8〜12h后进行包装 （含真空包装）、 封存， 防止回潮崩解。 12、 根据以上 1-11项任何一项所述的方法， 其特征在于， 所述速生植物成 型材料封存的方法包括： (5) After molding, the plant profiles are cooled (8 hours and 12 hours) and then packaged (including vacuum packaging) and sealed to prevent resurgence. 12. The method according to any of the above 1-11, wherein the method for storing the fast-growing plant molding material comprises:
( 1 ) 将速生植物成型材料水份控制在 10%以内， 温度不超过室温， 无霉变 物， 用塑料袋密封储存或真空包装储存， 抑制霉菌繁殖。  (1) Control the moisture content of the fast-growing plant molding materials to within 10%, the temperature does not exceed room temperature, and there is no mildew. Store in a plastic bag or store in vacuum packaging to inhibit mold growth.
(2 ) 选择低温、 干燥、 通风的封存环境， 要求相对湿度低于 60%、 温度低 于 10°C或相对湿度低于 40%， 温度低于 25°C  (2) Select a low temperature, dry, ventilated storage environment, requiring relative humidity below 60%, temperature below 10 °C or relative humidity below 40%, temperature below 25 °C
( 3) 封存前也可先对速生植物成型材料进行防霉处理， 常用的防霉剂有， 苯甲酸和苯甲酸钠、 双乙酸钠、 富马酸及其醋类、 丙酸及其盐类、 山梨酸及其盐 类。  (3) Anti-mildew treatment of fast-growing plant molding materials can also be carried out before storage. Common anti-fungal agents include benzoic acid and sodium benzoate, sodium diacetate, fumaric acid and vinegar, propionic acid and its salts. Sorbic acid and its salts.
苯甲酸钠是一种酸性防腐剂，在 PH 2. 5 4. 0下，对多种微生物有抑制作用， 奶牛日粮中加喂含有 0. 3%苯甲酸的青贮料， 产奶量可提高 7. 4%  Sodium benzoate is an acidic preservative. It inhibits a variety of microorganisms at pH 2. 5 4. 0. The silage of the cows is fed with a silage containing 0.3% benzoic acid. The milk yield can be increased by 7 . 4%
富马酸及其醋类是一种酸性防腐剂， 具有广谱、 高效的抑菌作用， 可抑制霉 菌、 细菌及酵母菌的生长， 适宜 pH范围广， 可改善味道， 提高饲料利用率。  Fumaric acid and its vinegar are an acidic preservative with broad-spectrum, high-efficiency bacteriostatic action, which inhibits the growth of molds, bacteria and yeasts. It is suitable for a wide pH range, which can improve taste and improve feed utilization.
丙酸及其盐类属酸性防腐剂， 抑制微生物繁殖， 具有较广泛的抑菌谱， 对酵 母菌、 细菌和霉菌均有效， 尤其是对腐败变质微生物抑制作用很强。 丙酸可抑制 霉菌的生长速度， 降低霉菌的数量， 减少微生物产生的毒素， 延长贮藏时期。  Propionic acid and its salts are acidic preservatives, inhibit microbial reproduction, have a broad spectrum of inhibition, and are effective against yeasts, bacteria and molds, especially for spoilage microorganisms. Propionic acid inhibits the growth rate of mold, reduces the number of molds, reduces the toxins produced by microorganisms, and prolongs the storage period.
山梨酸的抑菌性能随酸性的增加而增加， 可抑制酵母和霉菌的生长， 在 pH 值 5 6以下范围内使用。  The bacteriostatic performance of sorbic acid increases with the increase of acidity, inhibits the growth of yeast and mold, and is used in the range of pH 5.6 or less.
(4 ) 速生植物成型材料与封存仓库， 均可用紫外线照射杀灭霉菌和真菌； 定期进行通风与紫外线照射， 防止植物成型材料霉变和崩解。  (4) Fast-growing plant molding materials and storage warehouses can be used to kill mold and fungi by ultraviolet radiation; Regular ventilation and ultraviolet radiation are used to prevent mildew and disintegration of plant molding materials.
( 5 ) 成型材料根据储存季节、 储存年限、 以后的用途， 定期对仓库进行消 毒、 杀虫、 灭鼠， 保持推陈贮新， 先进先出的原则。  (5) According to the storage season, storage period and future use, the molding materials will regularly disinfect the warehouse, kill insects, kill the rats, keep the new storage, and the principle of first-in-first-out.
(6) 做好封存点防火工作。  (6) Do a good job in fire prevention at the storage site.
13、 根据以上 1-12项任何一项所述的方法， 其特征在于， 所述经成型、 封 存后的速生植物固硫型煤加工的方法包括：  13. The method of any of the above 1-12, wherein the method of processing the fast-growing plant sulfur-fixed briquette after forming and sealing comprises:
( 1 ) 将原煤和准备掺入的速生植物成型材料、 生石灰分别进行烘干， 烘干 后原煤含水量小于 2%, 成型速生植物含水量小于 10%， 生石灰含水量小于 3% (1) The raw coal and the quick-growing plant molding materials and quicklime to be blended are separately dried. After drying, the raw coal has a water content of less than 2%, the formed fast-growing plant has a water content of less than 10%, and the quicklime water content is less than 3%.
(2) 将干燥后的原煤粉碎过筛， 使过筛后原煤颗粒直径小于 3 (2) The dried raw coal is crushed and sieved so that the diameter of the raw coal particles after sieving is less than 3
(3) 将干燥后的成型速生植物粉碎过筛， 使过筛后的植物长度小于 3 (3) The dried fast-growing plant is sifted and sieved to make the length of the sieved plant less than 3
( 4 ) 将千燥后的生生石灰粉碎过筛， 使过筛后的生石灰粉颗粒直径小于 0.1 (4) crushing the dried raw lime after sifting, so that the diameter of the sifted quicklime powder is smaller than 0.1
(5) 将原煤粉、 植物颗粒、 生石灰粉按质量比 75 80: 10 15 5 10混 合， 混合物总含水量小于 5% (5) Mixing raw coal, plant granules and quicklime powder at a mass ratio of 75 80 : 10 15 5 10, the total water content of the mixture is less than 5%
(6)将混合物送到成型固化机， 在压力 0.5 5t/m2挤压下， 形成固硫型煤。(6) The mixture was sent to a molding and curing machine to form a sulfur-fixed coal under a pressure of 0.5 5 t/m 2 .
14、 根据以上 1-13项任何一项所述的方法， 其特征在于， 所述经成型、 封 存后的速生植物直接燃烧发电的方法包括： 14. The method according to any of the above 1-13, wherein the method for directly burning power generation of the fast-growing plant after forming and sealing comprises:
经成型、 封存后的速生植物直接燃烧发电的方法  Method for direct combustion power generation of fast-growing plants after being formed and sealed
(1) 将封存后取出来的速生植物成型饼、 棒或颗粒物由输送装置送到给料 机， 给料机将燃料送入炉膛内进行燃烧。  (1) The fast-growing plant-formed cake, stick or pellets taken out after storage is sent to a feeder by a conveying device, and the feeder feeds the fuel into the furnace for combustion.
(2) 速生植物燃烧产生的热量传递给锅炉内的水。  (2) The heat generated by the burning of fast-growing plants is transferred to the water in the boiler.
(3) 水加热后， 部分成为水蒸汽进入汽轮发电机， 水蒸汽推动汽轮发电机 旋转发电。  (3) After the water is heated, part of the water vapor enters the turbine generator, and the water vapor drives the turbine generator to generate electricity.
(4) 汽轮发电机内冷凝后收集的水和蒸汽再次回到锅炉加热， 循环利用推 动汽轮机重复做功， 不停的发电。  (4) The water and steam collected after condensation in the turbine generator are returned to the boiler for heating again, and the cycle is used to push the steam turbine to repeat work and continuously generate electricity.
15、 根据以上 1-14项任何一项所述的方法， 其特征在于， 所述经成型、 封 存后的速生植物制备半纤维素的方法包括：  The method according to any one of the above 1-14, wherein the method for preparing hemicellulose by the formed and sealed fast-growing plant comprises:
(1) 将封存后取出来的植物成型饼、 棒或颗粒物粉碎， 经 5 10 目筛网去 除大颗粒。  (1) The plant-formed cake, stick or pellets taken out after storage are pulverized, and large particles are removed through a 5 10 mesh screen.
(2) 粉碎后的植物颗粒在 55 60°C条件下干燥 15 18h  (2) The pulverized plant granules are dried at 55 60 ° C for 15 18 h
(3) 干燥后的植物颗粒与乙醇甲苯按体积比 1.8 2.2: 1， 抽提 5 7h (3) Volume ratio of dried plant particles to ethanol toluene 1.8 2.2: 1, extraction 5 7h
(4) 脱蜡后的植物颗粒， 按 lg原料中加 25ml 2%的 H202的固液比混合， 在 温度 45 50°C PH值 11.5 12.5下浸泡 15 18h (4) Plant particles after dewaxing, mixed with 25 ml of 2% H 2 0 2 solid-liquid ratio in lg raw materials, soaked for 15 18 h at a temperature of 45 50 ° C and a pH of 11.5 12.5
(5) 抽取的滤液用 6mol/L的 HC1中和到 PH值 5.5， 然后加入 3倍体积的 70%的乙醇， 获得沉淀的小团状物。  (5) The extracted filtrate was neutralized to pH 5.5 with 6 mol/L of HC1, and then 3 volumes of 70% ethanol were added to obtain a precipitated small mass.
(6) 经过滤获得沉淀物， 再加入 70%的乙醇洗涤并风干， 获得半纤维素。 (6) A precipitate was obtained by filtration, washed with 70% ethanol and air-dried to obtain hemicellulose.
16、 根据以上 1-15项任何一项所述的方法， 其特征在于， 所述经成型、 封 存后的速生植物制备成乙醇燃料的方法包括： The method of any one of the above 1-15, wherein the method of preparing the formed fast-growing plant into an ethanol fuel comprises:
(1)将封存后取出来的速生植物成型饼、棒或颗粒物粉碎为直径 2 3cm的 小颗粒。  (1) The fast-growing plant-formed cake, stick or pellet taken out after storage is pulverized into small particles having a diameter of 23 cm.
(2) 将准备好的速生植物颗粒物进行蒸汽加热， 当料温达到 100°C后维持 2〜 5min。 (2) Steaming the prepared fast-growing plant particles, maintaining it when the material temperature reaches 100 °C 2 to 5 min.
(3) 料温冷却至 40〜50°C时接种发酵菌， 优选热纤梭菌； 接种量为原料质 量的 0.1〜0.3%， 菌种接种前活化 24h。  (3) Inoculating the fermenting bacteria when the temperature is cooled to 40~50 °C, preferably Clostridium thermocellum; the inoculum is 0.1~0.3% of the quality of the raw material, and the strain is activated for 24 hours before inoculation.
(4) 接种后的原料投入发酵池， 池温控制在 18〜20°C; 优选方案是先在池 底铺一层干料， 摊平后再将接种后的原料填满池， 填料时沿壁将原料踩实， 以排 净发酵池内氧气， 再覆盖塑料布和干燥谷壳、 稻草等保温材料； 发酵温度控制在 20〜40°C， 发酵前期 12h内升温比较慢； 发酵中期的 24h内升温比较快， 需适当 揭开保温材料， 降温； 发酵后期的 36h需要将温度稳定在 30〜4(TC， 促进纤维 更多的分解。 (4) The inoculated raw materials are put into the fermentation tank, and the temperature of the pool is controlled at 18~20 °C . The preferred scheme is to first lay a layer of dry material at the bottom of the pool, and then fill the pool with the inoculated raw materials after filling. The material is stepped on the wall to drain the oxygen in the fermentation tank, and then covered with plastic cloth and dry chaff, straw and other insulation materials; the fermentation temperature is controlled at 20~40 °C, and the temperature rises slowly within 12 hours before the fermentation; within 24 hours of the middle of fermentation The temperature rises faster, the insulation material needs to be properly uncovered, and the temperature is lowered; the temperature is stabilized at 30~4 (TC, which promotes more decomposition of the fiber in the late 36h of fermentation.
(5)发酵结束后出池蒸馏， 蒸馏采用我国传统的蒸酒方法； 通过酒醅蒸馏， 使乙醇逐渐冷热交换，汽液交换，使乙醇得到浓缩，馏出液的乙醇浓度由高到低。 优选方案是蒸馏开始时用汽要缓， 到馏出液的乙醇浓度较低时， 要开大汽门， 大 汽追尾。  (5) Distillation in the pool after the end of fermentation, distillation using traditional Chinese steaming method; through the wine cellar distillation, the ethanol is gradually exchanged between cold and hot, vapor-liquid exchange, so that the ethanol is concentrated, the ethanol concentration of the distillate is from high to low. . The preferred solution is to use steam to slow down at the beginning of the distillation, and to open the large steam gate and the steam rear-end when the ethanol concentration of the distillate is low.
17、 根据以上 1-16项任何一项所述的方法， 其特征在于， 所述经成型、 封 存后的速生植物制备成醇基燃料的方法包括：  The method according to any one of the preceding items 1 to 16, wherein the method of preparing the formed fast-growing plant into an alcohol-based fuel comprises:
(1) 将封存后取出来的植物成型饼、 棒或颗粒物粉碎， 经 2〜3 目筛网去 除大颗粒。  (1) The plant-formed cake, stick or pellets taken out after storage are pulverized, and large particles are removed through a 2 to 3 mesh screen.
(2) 将粉碎后的植物纤维加入清水浸泡预处理 30min;  (2) adding the pulverized plant fiber to water for 30 min;
(3) 加入磷钨酸调节 PH值至 5.5;  (3) adding phosphotungstic acid to adjust the pH to 5.5;
(4) 加入纤维素酶， 温度维持在 50°C， 发酵 36h;  (4) adding cellulase, maintaining the temperature at 50 ° C, fermentation for 36 h;
(5) 水解发酵结束后纤维素全部分解， 过滤固体催化剂， 脱水浓缩葡 萄糖溶液；  (5) After the hydrolysis fermentation is completed, the cellulose is completely decomposed, the solid catalyst is filtered, and the glucose solution is dehydrated and concentrated;
(6) 先在高压反应釜中预先加入镍触媒， 再加入葡萄糖溶液并搅拌 5min， 搅拌速度 250r/min, PH值 8.2;  (6) Firstly add nickel catalyst in the autoclave, then add glucose solution and stir for 5min, stirring speed 250r/min, PH value 8.2;
(7) 加入 H2， 压力 4.5Mpa， 温度 150°C， 搅拌速度 250r/min, 反应 30min; (7) adding H 2 , pressure 4.5Mpa, temperature 150 ° C, stirring speed 250r / min, reaction 30min;
(8)加入磷钨酸，醇酐摩尔比为 2: 1，催化剂用量为酸酐用量的 1.2%， 温度 125Γ, 氢气压力 1.6Mpa, 搅拌速度 250r/min， 反应 2.2h;  (8) adding phosphotungstic acid, the molar ratio of alcohol anhydride is 2: 1, the amount of the catalyst is 1.2% of the amount of the anhydride, the temperature is 125 Γ, the hydrogen pressure is 1.6 MPa, the stirring speed is 250 r / min, the reaction is 2.2 h;
(9) 过滤固体催化剂， 加入二甲亚砜蒸馏脱水。  (9) The solid catalyst was filtered and dehydrated by adding dimethyl sulfoxide.
(10) 得到成品醇基燃料成品， 含有甲醇、 乙醇、 二甲醚、 羟基戊酸 甲酯等。 (10) Obtaining a finished finished alcohol-based fuel containing methanol, ethanol, dimethyl ether, hydroxyvaleric acid Methyl ester, etc.
18、 根据以上 1-17项任何一项所述的方法， 其特征在于， 所述经成型、 封 存后的速生植物加工成纤维板的方法包括：  The method of any of the above 1-17, wherein the method of processing the formed, sealed fast-growing plant into a fiberboard comprises:
( 1 ) 将封存后取出来的植物成型饼、 棒或颗粒物， 去除霉变、 腐败部分后 粉碎， 经 1〜2目筛网去除大颗粒。  (1) The plant-derived cakes, sticks or granules taken out after storage are removed, and the moldy and spoiled parts are removed, and then pulverized, and large particles are removed through a 1 to 2 mesh screen.
(2 ) 将过筛后的原材料通过震动筛去除泥沙和粉末。  (2) The sieved raw materials are passed through a vibrating screen to remove sediment and powder.
(3 ) 筛选干净后的原料经干燥， 使纤维含水量为 3〜5%。  (3) The cleaned raw materials are dried to make the fiber moisture content 3 to 5%.
(4) 将偶联剂稀释后在拌胶机中喷洒到原料表面， 偶联剂用量为 0. 15%。 5%。 The amount of the coupling agent is 0.15%.
( 5 ) 喷洒偶联剂后原料含水量超过 5%时， 干燥后再添用量为 10%的改性三 聚氰胺脲醛树脂胶粘剂， 和用量为 0. 13〜0. 17%的防水剂石蜡乳液。 。 The water-repellent paraffin emulsion is 0. 13~0. 17% of the water-repellent agent, the amount of the water-repellent paraffin emulsion is 0. 13~0.
(6)施胶原料铺装后热压成型，热压温度 150〜160°C，板坯密度 301¾/111 3， 长宽规格和厚度可根据需要来确定， 厚度通常为 8〜10cm， 板坯含水量 4〜6%。 (6) Hot-pressing after sizing raw material paving, hot pressing temperature 150~160°C, slab density 3013⁄4/ 1 1 1 3 , length and width specifications and thickness can be determined according to needs, thickness is usually 8~10cm, The slab has a water content of 4 to 6%.
(7 ) 板坯经 48h以上冷却定型后， 再进行板坯表面处理和切边， 即达到成 品板要求。  (7) After the slab is cooled and shaped for more than 48 hours, the surface of the slab is treated and trimmed to meet the requirements of the finished board.
19、 根据以上 1-18项任何一项所述的方法， 其特征在于， 所述经成型、 封 存后的速生植物加工成饲料的方法包括：  The method according to any one of the preceding items 1 to 18, wherein the method of processing the formed fast-growing plant into a feed comprises:
( 1 ) 将封存后取出来的植物成型饼、 棒或颗粒物， 去除霉变、 腐败部分后 粉碎， 经 2〜3目筛网去除大颗粒， 增加家畜适口性。  (1) Form the cake, stick or pellets from the plants taken out after storage, remove the mildew and spoilage parts, crush them, remove the large particles through the 2~3 mesh screen, and increase the palatability of the livestock.
(2) 过筛后的速生植物粉颗中加 10%的玉米粉， 且每吨成型速生植物粉颗 粒中加入 2〜3 克桔秆发酵干菌混合。  (2) Add 10% corn flour to the fast-growing plant powder after sieving, and add 2~3 grams of orange stalk fermented bacteria mixed per ton of shaped fast-growing plant powder.
( 3) 混合后加入质量比为 35〜45%的井水或无氯自来水搅拌均匀， 达到手 握成团、 落地即散， 然后放在发酵池里、一层一层压实后密封； 发酵温度控制在 20〜40 V , 当温度高于 40°C时， 将速生植物粉颗粒翻动通风。  (3) After mixing, add well water or chlorine-free tap water with a mass ratio of 35~45%, stir evenly, reach the group, stand on the ground, then spread, then put it in the fermentation tank, layer after layering and sealing; fermentation The temperature is controlled at 20~40 V. When the temperature is higher than 40 °C, the fast-growing plant powder particles are turned and ventilated.
(4) 发酵 7〜10天， 根据家畜的营养需要配制成混合饲料进行饲养。 (4) Fermentation 7 to 10 days, according to the nutritional needs of livestock, mixed feed for breeding.
20、 根据以上 1-19项任何一项所述的方法， 其特征在于， 所述经成型、 封 存后的速生植物堆肥的方法包括： The method according to any one of the preceding items 1 to 19, wherein the method for forming the fast-growing plant compost after the forming comprises:
( 1 )堆肥前将封存后取出来的植物成型饼、 棒或颗粒物， 进行破碎、 筛分、 混合成堆肥原料， 堆肥原料中按碳氮比 50 : 1〜3， 加入氮肥。  (1) Before composting, the plant-derived cakes, sticks or pellets taken out after storage shall be crushed, sieved and mixed into composting raw materials. The composting raw materials shall be added with nitrogen fertilizer according to a ratio of carbon to nitrogen of 50:1~3.
(2) 将复合益菌粉剂加水稀释 50〜100倍， 常温下培养 8〜12小时， 得菌 液。 ( 3 )将培养好的菌液喷洒在原料上， 每 10t堆肥原料使用 25〜50kg复合益 菌培养液， 原料湿度控制在 45〜60%， 通过加入生石灰调节 pH值为 6〜9。 (2) Dilute the compound beneficial powder with water 50 to 100 times, and incubate at room temperature for 8 to 12 hours to obtain a bacterial solution. (3) Spraying the cultured bacterial liquid on the raw material, using 25~50kg of compound beneficial bacteria culture solution for each 10t composting raw material, the humidity of the raw material is controlled at 45~60%, and the pH is adjusted to 6~9 by adding quicklime.
( 4 ) 将堆肥原料成堆， 上面覆盖薄膜进行密封发酵； 发酵时， 控制原料堆 内温度为 50〜60Ό， 当温度高于 60°C时， 揭开覆盖薄膜， 适当进行翻堆通风、 喷水降温。  (4) The composting materials are piled up, and the film is covered with a film for sealing fermentation; during fermentation, the temperature in the raw material stack is controlled to be 50 to 60 Ό, and when the temperature is higher than 60 ° C, the covering film is uncovered, and the ventilating and spraying are appropriately performed. The water cools down.
( 5 ) 发酵 5〜7天后将堆肥原料翻堆， 翻堆时一边搅拌一边往堆肥原料中 添加复合益菌粉剂， 添加量为每 10t堆肥原料添加 25〜50kg复合益菌粉剂培养 液， 堆肥原料湿度保持在 50〜60%之间， 温度高于 55°C时， 揭开覆盖薄膜， 适当 进行翻堆通风、 喷水降温。  (5) After 5 to 7 days of fermentation, turn the compost material into a pile. When mixing, add the compound beneficial bacteria powder to the compost material while stirring. Add 25~50kg of compound beneficial bacteria powder per 10t composting material, composting raw material. The humidity is kept between 50% and 60%. When the temperature is higher than 55 °C, the cover film is uncovered, and the stacking ventilation and water spray cooling are appropriately performed.
( 6 ) 夏天， 翻堆后 7〜10天堆肥原料进入后熟期； 冬天， 翻堆后 10〜15 天堆肥原料进入后熟期； 再堆放 7〜10天， 便完全降解腐熟。  (6) In summer, 7~10 days after turning over the pile, the composting material enters the post-maturing period; in winter, after 10~15 days, the composting raw materials enter the post-maturing period; after stacking for 7~10 days, it will completely decompose and decompose.
( 7 )将完全腐熟后的堆肥摊开，使其自然干燥或日晒，水份控制在 30〜40%， 破碎后经 1〜3目筛网去除大颗粒即成堆肥成品。  (7) Spread the fully decomposed compost so that it is naturally dry or sun-dried, and the water content is controlled at 30~40%. After crushing, remove the large particles into the compost finished product through the 1~3 mesh screen.
一般而言， 植物成型加工厂与种植区域之间的距离是比较短的， 通常在 100 公里的半径之内。  In general, the distance between the plant molding plant and the planting area is relatively short, usually within a radius of 100 km.
本发明的优点  Advantages of the invention
1)、 种植速生陆生和水生草本植物， 每年可收获 4〜6次， 每公顷每年平均 收获 300〜525吨 （干重） 植物； 可捕获 C02 达 294〜514吨。 种植和 /或培育速 生藻类、 地衣和苔藓， 鉴于它们在地球上的广泛分布， 同样能够获得理想的捕碳 效果。 1) Planting fast-growing terrestrial and aquatic herbs, harvesting 4 to 6 times a year, harvesting an average of 300 to 525 tons (dry weight) per hectare per year; capturing C0 2 up to 294 to 514 tons. Planting and/or cultivating fast-growing algae, lichens and mosses, as well as their widespread distribution on the planet, can also achieve the desired carbon capture effect.
2)、 为国际上的碳交易提供操作性强的技术手段和参考依据。  2) Provide operational and technical means and reference for international carbon trading.
3)、 作为一个产业来推广， 有利于提高就业率。  3) As an industry to promote, it will help to increase the employment rate.
4)、 速生植物成型材料可综合利用， 固硫成型、 制备成燃料、 化工原料、 加 工成纤维板、 饲料、 肥料或直接燃烧发电等， 能够产生社会经济效益。  4), fast-growing plant molding materials can be comprehensively utilized, solid sulfur molding, preparation into fuel, chemical raw materials, processing fiberboard, feed, fertilizer or direct combustion power generation, etc., can produce social and economic benefits.
5)、 植物成型加工厂与种植区域之间的距离短， 运输成本低， 可操作性高。 7)、 由于种植和 /或培育的植物主要是速生草本植物或速生藻类， 因此方便 大规模收割， 尤其是， 速生草本植物能够利用农用收割机进行收割， 避免了因为 人工收割所带来的成本过高。  5) The distance between the plant molding processing plant and the planting area is short, the transportation cost is low, and the operability is high. 7) Since the plants grown and/or cultivated are mainly fast-growing herbs or fast-growing algae, it is convenient for large-scale harvesting. In particular, fast-growing herbs can be harvested by agricultural harvesters, avoiding the cost of manual harvesting. Too high.
具体的实施方式  Specific embodiment
下面详细说明本发明优选的技术方案， 但本发明不限于所提供的实施例。 实施例 1-速生桉的种植和培育 Preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, but the present invention is not limited to the embodiments provided. Example 1 - Planting and Cultivation of Fast-growing
以中国长江中、 下游地区和中南、 华南地区举例。  Take the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China and the Central South and South China.
利用速生桉的枝条进行无性繁殖， 扩大种植面积， 通过水肥管理实现速生 丰产。  Use the branches of fast-growing stalks for asexual reproduction, expand the planting area, and achieve fast-growing and high-yield production through water and fertilizer management.
具体步骤如下：  Specific steps are as follows:
一、 快速繁殖技术  First, rapid propagation technology
1、 苗场准备  1, seedling preparation
选择坡度 5° 〜25° 的阴坡或半阴坡作为育苗地， 每亩苗床施用过磷酸钙 50〜100kg、 尿素 25〜50kg和腐熟的有机肥 800〜1000 kg。  Select a shady or semi-shady slope with a slope of 5° to 25° as a nursery site. Apply 50 to 100 kg of superphosphate, 25 to 50 kg of urea and 800 to 1000 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer per mu of seedbed.
2、 扦插时间  2, cutting time
通常情况下扦插全年都可进行， 一年中最有利于扦插生根的是春季， 即在 母树尚未萌动的 2〜4月， 其次是 9〜10月的秋季， 光照强、 气温高， 愈伤组织 形成快， 为适宜扦插季节。 最好扦插条件是日均温度 20〜25°C， 空气相对湿度  Usually, cuttings can be carried out all year round. The most favorable spring cutting in the year is spring, that is, in the 2~4 months when the mother tree has not sprouted, and then in the autumn of 9~10 months, the light is strong, the temperature is high, and the callus is The formation of the tissue is fast, suitable for the cutting season. The best cutting conditions are daily average temperature 20~25°C, relative humidity of air.
3、 插穗选择 3, cutting selection
通常是选取树龄 3年以上， 生长旺盛的优良品种作为母树； 剪取半木质化 的枝条作为插条， 插条长 15〜25cm， 上切口平滑、 下切口马耳形、 下切口尽量 在节上， 穗条上保留 1〜5个短侧枝 (芽）， 去除下部 2〜3个节的叶片， 剩下的叶 片剪去一半。  Usually, the excellent variety with a growing age of 3 years or more is selected as the mother tree; the semi-lignified branches are cut as the cuttings, the cuttings are 15~25cm long, the upper incision is smooth, the incision is horse-shaped, and the lower incision is as far as possible on the node. Leave 1 to 5 short lateral branches (buds) on the cuttings, remove the leaves of the lower 2 to 3 nodes, and cut the remaining leaves.
4、 穗条处理  4, cutting strip processing
采下的穗条及时放入清水中保湿， 并移至阴凉处； 扦插前将穗条浸于浓度 为 0. 5〜1%的 ABT生根粉溶液中 30s， 浸泡深度 2〜5cm。  The harvested cuttings are placed in clean water in a timely manner and moved to a cool place; before cutting, the cuttings are immersed in a concentration of 0. 5~1% of ABT rooting powder solution for 30s, soaking depth 2~5cm.
5、 扦插方式  5, cutting method
经过预处理的穗条以株行距 5〜10cm X 10〜15Cm的密度直插于苗床， 穗条 入土深为总长度的 1/2〜2/3。 插条地下部分与苗床的基质层紧密结合， 扦插后 立即浇透水、 遮荫， 遮阴网离苗床面 30〜100cm， 初期遮荫度 70%。 After pre-cuttings in spacing 5~10cm X 10~15 C m seedbed line density, buried deep cuttings total length of 1 / 2~2 / 3. The underground part of the cuttings is closely combined with the substrate layer of the seedbed. Immediately after the cutting, the water is poured and shaded. The shading net is 30~100cm away from the seedbed surface, and the initial shading degree is 70%.
6、 插后管理  6, post-plug management
扦插后要及时架设遮荫棚， 四周设风障， 空气湿度要保持在 65%〜80%， 晴 天早盖晚揭， 阴天可不盖， 晴天天旱时每天早、 晚喷水一次， 阴天时适当减少喷 水。 气温高于 25Ό的晴天加盖双层苇帘， 生根后可逐渐晚盖早揭， 逐渐减少浇 水次数和浇水量； 穗条插后 5〜10天才能形成愈伤组织， 10〜15天开始生根。 二、 栽培技术 After the cutting, it is necessary to set up a shade shelter in time. There is a wind barrier around it. The air humidity should be kept at 65%~80%. It should be covered in sunny days and covered in the evening. It can be covered in cloudy days. When it is dry in sunny days, it should be sprayed once every morning and evening. Properly reduce the water spray. A double-layer curtain with a temperature of more than 25 inches, which can be gradually removed after the rooting, gradually reducing the pouring The number of waters and the amount of watering; the callus is formed 5 to 10 days after the cutting of the spikes, and rooting begins 10 to 15 days later. Second, cultivation techniques
1、 林地选择  1. Woodland selection
选择土层深厚、 肥沃、 疏松湿润的酸性土壤， 海拔 10〜50m的坡地， 土层厚 度 30cm以上； 造林前一年冬天， 对灌木、 草丛繁茂的地块进行清理、 除杂， 开 挖排水沟。  Select deep, fertile, loose and moist acidic soil, slopes with an altitude of 10~50m, soil thickness of 30cm or more; one year before afforestation, clean up and remove the shrubs and grassy plots, excavate the drainage ditch .
2、 种苗准备  2, seedling preparation
每年 3〜4月选择树茎粗壮、 无病虫害、 苗高 10〜20cm、 苗龄 3〜5个月以 上的种苗； 起苗后在根部用呋南丹 900倍液， 浸泡 20s， 可预防白蚂蚁危害， 有 效期长达 1个月， 并可提高苗木成活率。  Every year from March to April, choose seedlings with thick stems, no pests and diseases, seedling height of 10~20cm, and seedling age of 3~5 months. After seedlings, use Furandan 900 times solution in roots, soak for 20s, prevent white. Ant hazard, valid for up to 1 month, and can increase the survival rate of seedlings.
3、 移栽定植  3, transplanting and planting
按株行距 2〜2. 5 X 3〜3. 5m， 开挖 30〜50 X 30〜50cm， 深 30cm的种植穴； 每个种植穴施腐熟的有机肥 8〜10kg后， 回填表土 10〜20cm， 将苗木放入穴中 扶正填土压实， 浇一次透水后培 2〜5cm的一层松土， 以防土壤水分蒸发。  5× 3~3. 5m, excavation 30~50 X 30~50cm, 30cm deep planting hole; Put the seedlings into the hole and press the soil to compact the soil. After pouring the water, pour a layer of loose soil of 2~5cm to prevent the soil moisture from evaporating.
移栽后 10〜15天进行査苗、 补苗， 桉树林 1年可郁闭， 如当年未及时补苗， 来年补的苗即使能活也长不大。  10 to 15 days after transplanting, check the seedlings and make up the seedlings. The eucalyptus forest can be closed for 1 year. If the seedlings are not replenished in time, the seedlings that have been replenished in the coming year will not grow long.
4、 抚育管护  4, tending management
造林当年 9〜10月， 进行一次松土除草， 每株施复合肥 0. 5〜1. 0kg， 也可 将尿素与有机肥一起混合施用； 树苗长至 2〜3年后， 每年剪枝 1次， 剪除下层 细弱枝， 便于通风透光， 保持树的成长。 0 ~ 1 year afforestation 9 months, once tillage weeding, compound fertilizer per 0. 5~1 0kg, may be mixed and administered together with an organic fertilizer urea;. Seedlings to grow after 2 to 3 years, annual pruning 1 time, cut off the lower layer of weak branches, easy to ventilate and light, keep the tree growing.
4、 病虫害防治  4. Pest control
定植后发生白蚁危害时， 每亩林地内设置 15〜20个投药点， 深 15〜25cm， 每个投药点投放 2包灭蚁灵诱饵后， 用泥土覆盖。  When termite damage occurs after planting, 15 to 20 dosing points are set in each acre of forest land, 15 to 25 cm deep, and 2 packets of ant-killing bait are placed at each dosing point, and covered with soil.
桉小卷叶蛾幼虫啃食速生桉树的叶片， 并将叶片卷成筒状作巢， 1年内多代 危害。该虫大量发生时用 50%巴丹可湿性粉剂 1500〜1800倍液， 或 50%甲胺磷 乳油 1000— 1200倍液进行喷雾。  The larvae of the small leaf moth licking the leaves of the fast-growing eucalyptus, and rolling the leaves into a cylindrical shape for nesting, which is harmful for many generations within one year. When the insects occur in large quantities, spray with 50% Bataan WP 1500~1800 times, or 50% methamidophos 1000-1200 times.
幼树林发生焦枯病时， 及时清除树上和掉在地上的枯枝病叶， 集中烧毁； 重 病区可用菌毒清或速克灵 500〜800倍液进行喷雾。  When the saplings are suffering from scab, the dead leaves of the trees and fallen on the ground are removed in time, and the leaves are burned intensively; the heavy ward can be sprayed with 500~800 times of bacteria poisoning or scopolamine.
实施例 2-香樟的种植和培育  Example 2 - Cultivation and cultivation of camphor
以中国长江中、 下游地区和中南、 华南地区举例。 利用香樟的种子进行有性繁殖， 扩大种植面积， 通过水肥管理实现速生丰 产。 Take the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China and the Central South and South China. Use the seeds of the camphor to carry out sexual reproduction, expand the planting area, and realize fast-growing and high-yield production through water and fertilizer management.
具体步骤如下：  Specific steps are as follows:
1、 苗圃准备  1, nursery preparation
选择水源充足、灌溉方便、土壤深厚的坡土，按 2〜3m起垅，垅高 20〜30cm; 播种前 10〜15天， 选天晴时， 结合深翻每亩施腐熟的有机肥 800〜1000kg; 播 种前 1〜3天， 将苗场整细压平。 Choose the slope with sufficient water source, convenient irrigation and deep soil. The ridge is 2~3m, the height is 20~30cm ; 10~15 days before sowing, when the weather is fine, combined with deep-turning organic fertilizer 800~ 1000kg ; 1 to 3 days before sowing, the seedlings are flattened.
2、 播种育苗  2, sowing seedlings
播种期以 3〜4月为宜， 播种前先将种子日晒 1〜2天， 再用 0. 5%的高锰酸 钾溶液浸种 l〜2h进行杀菌； 播种后在种上盖 l〜3cm的细土， 浇一次透水， 再 盖 l〜2cm厚的稻草保墒； 当苗高 3〜5cm时， 选阴天去除覆盖的稻草。  The sowing period is preferably from 3 to 4 months. Before sowing, the seeds are exposed to sunlight for 1 to 2 days, and then immersed in 0.5% potassium permanganate solution for 1~2 hours for sterilization; after sowing, the seeds are covered with l~3cm. The fine soil, watered once, and covered with l~2cm thick straw protection; when the seedling height is 3~5cm, choose the cloudy day to remove the covered straw.
3、 移栽管理  3, transplant management
在 4〜9月， 苗高 10〜15cm时， 按株行距 30〜40 X 40〜50cm进行第一次移 栽； 移栽后相对湿度保持在 80%以上， 遮光率大于 70%， 一周后去除遮阳物； 移 栽后 15〜20天进行查苗补苗。  In 4~9 months, when the seedling height is 10~15cm, the first transplanting is carried out according to the row spacing 30~40 X 40~50cm; the relative humidity is kept above 80% after transplanting, the shading rate is more than 70%, and it is removed after one week. Sunshade; 15 to 20 days after transplanting to check seedlings and seedlings.
当苗高 0. 8〜1. 2m时，修剪掉离地面 30〜50cm以下的侧枝，按株行距 0. 5〜 l X l〜1. 5m进行第二次移栽， 移栽后管护与第一次移栽相同。  When the seedling height is 0. 8~1. 2m, trim off the side branches 30~50cm below the ground, according to the row spacing of 0. 5~ l X l~1. 5m for the second transplant, after the transplanting The first transplant was the same.
当苗高超过 2m时， 按株行距 3. 5〜5 X 3. 5〜5m进行定植， 开挖 50 X 50cm， 深 50cm的定植穴， 每穴施腐熟的有机肥 10〜15kg后回填表土 10〜20cm， 将苗 木放入穴中扶正填土压实浇一次透水， 天晴 2〜3天后再浇一次透水， 持续 7〜 10天； 20〜30进行査苗、 补苗。  When the height of the seedlings exceeds 2 m, the planting distance is 3. 5~5 X 3. 5~5m for planting, excavation 50 X 50cm, depth 50cm of the planting hole, 10~15kg of decomposed organic fertilizer per hole and backfilling the topsoil 10 ~20cm, put the seedlings into the hole and press the soil to compact and pour a water through the water. After 2~3 days, pour the water again for 7~10 days; 20~30 to check the seedlings and make up the seedlings.
4、 病虫防治  4, pest control
樟木卷叶幼虫蛀食嫩梢， 一年内可发生数代， 发病时用 40%乐果 200〜300 倍液进行喷杀幼虫。  The larvae of the eucalyptus leaf larvae feed on young shoots, which can occur for several generations in a year. When the disease occurs, 40% dimethoate 200~300 times solution is used to spray the larvae.
在气温高、湿度大， 通风不良的环境下最易发生白粉病， 要对树杆适当进行 修剪，发现病枝立即烧掉，发病时用生石灰 3〜5kg、硫磺 3〜5kg、水 800〜1000kg 混合成的波尔多液进行喷洒， 隔 7〜10天连续喷洒 2〜3次。  In the environment of high temperature, high humidity and poor ventilation, powdery mildew is most likely to occur. It is necessary to prun the tree rod properly and find that the diseased branch is burned immediately. The disease is made with quicklime 3~5kg, sulfur 3~5kg, water 800~1000kg. The mixed Bordeaux mixture is sprayed and sprayed continuously for 2 to 3 times every 7 to 10 days.
实施例 3-狼尾草、 象草、 皇竹草、 甜象草或杂交狼尾草的种植、 培育和收 割  Example 3 - Planting, cultivating and harvesting of Pennisetum, Elephant Grass, Royal Bamboo Grass, Sweet Grass or Hybrid Pennisetum
以中国长江中、 下游地区和中南、 华南地区举例。 利用狼尾草、 象草及狼尾草与象草杂交培育出的品种， 如皇竹草、 甜象草、 杂交狼尾草等，用茎杆进行无性繁殖，扩大种植面积，通过水肥管理、多次收割， 实现速生丰产。 Take the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China and the Central South and South China. The species cultivated by the hybridization of Pennisetum, Elephant Grass and Pennisetum, such as Huangzhucao, Sweet Grass, Hybrid Pennisetum, etc., are vegetatively propagated with stems, expand the planting area, and pass water and fertilizer management. Multiple harvests to achieve fast-growing and high yield.
具体步骤如下：  Specific steps are as follows:
一、 快速繁殖  First, rapid reproduction
( 1 ) 选地与整地  (1) Site selection and site preparation
选择土层深厚、 疏松肥沃、 向阳、 排水性能良好的土壤， 在栽植的上年冬季 将土地深翻 20〜30cm, 经过冬冻使土壤熟化， 在下种前再浅耕 1遍， 将土块细 碎，清除杂草、石块等，结合浅耕每亩施加有机肥料 3000〜5000kg或复合肥 50〜 lOOkgo 按 2〜5m宽起垄作畦， 垄沟深 10〜30cm， 垄长依地形而定， 陡坡地沿等 高线起垄， 以利排水及田间管理。  Select the soil with deep soil, loose and fertile, sunny, and good drainage performance. In the winter of the last year, the land will be turned 20~30cm deep. After the winter, the soil will be matured, and then the soil will be ploughed 1 time before the next planting. , remove weeds, stones, etc., combined with shallow tillage, apply organic fertilizer 3000~5000kg per mu or compound fertilizer 50~ lOOkgo according to 2~5m wide ridges, the ditch depth is 10~30cm, the ridge length depends on the terrain, steep slope Rib along the contour line to facilitate drainage and field management.
( 2 ) 育苗时间  (2) Seedling time
2〜5月气温达到 12Ό以上时下种育苗较适宜， 下种后遇上气温低于 5Ό时 用拱棚覆盖塑料薄膜保温育苗， 天晴干旱、 气温超过 4CTC时不宜下种育苗。  When the temperature reaches 2Ό5 in May and May, the next seedling is more suitable. When the temperature is lower than 5Ό, the plastic film is covered with the arch shed to keep warm the seedlings. It is not suitable for seedlings when the temperature is above 4CTC.
( 2 ) 种茎准备  (2) Stem preparation
从 6月龄以上的成熟植株中选取芽眼饱满、 健康、 无病虫害的茎秆为种节， 播种前先撕去包裹腋芽的叶片， 用刀斜切成小段， 每段保留 1〜3个节， 每个节 上有 1〜2个腋芽， 芽眼上部留短， 下部留长， 切好的种节应及时下种， 防水份 丧失。  Select the stalks with full, healthy and disease-free buds from the mature plants over 6 months old as the seed stalks. Before planting, tear off the leaves that wrap the buds and cut them into small pieces with a knife. Each section retains 1~3 knots. There are 1~2 axillary buds on each section, the upper part of the bud eye is short, and the lower part is long. The cut seed section should be planted in time, and the waterproof part is lost.
切好的种节可用质量浓度比为 lOOppm的 ABT生根粉浸泡 20〜24h， 促进生 根发芽， 1克生根粉可处理 3000〜5000株茎节； 也可直接在切口处沾上草木灰 或生石灰 200〜300g、 氯化钠 5〜10g、 水 0. 8〜 配成的混合液， 进行防腐消毒 处理， 或者经生根粉浸泡后再进行防腐消毒处理。  The cut section can be soaked with ABT rooting powder with a mass concentration ratio of lOOppm for 20~24h to promote rooting and germination. 1g of rooting powder can treat 3000~5000 stem segments; or it can be directly stained with grass ash or quicklime at the incision. 300g, sodium chloride 5~10g, water 0. 8~ formulated mixture, anti-corrosion treatment, or soaked in rooting powder before anti-corrosion treatment.
( 3 ) 下种  (3) the next species
种节腋芽朝上与地面呈 30〜45° 角斜插于土壤中， 1个节的节芽入土 2〜 3cm, 多个节次的最上一个节芽可露在土壤外； 也可将种节腋芽朝上平放在土上， 用细土将腋芽及种茎覆盖。 下种完后及时浇足 1次清粪水或清水。  The buds of the buds are placed at an angle of 30~45° to the ground and inserted into the soil at an angle of 30~45°. The buds of one section are placed in the soil 2~3cm. The top buds of multiple sections can be exposed outside the soil. The axillary buds are placed flat on the soil, and the axillary buds and stems are covered with fine soil. After the next planting, timely pour the foot 1 time to clear the dung water or clear water.
( 4) 育苗期管理  (4) Nursery management
幼苗长出地面前，要保持苗床土壤湿润， 晴天及时浇水。 7〜10天开始出苗， 20〜30天后， 苗高达 20〜25cm时可进行移栽。 育苗期因浇水造成土表层板结， 应及时疏松种节周围土层。 幼苗出土 10天后， 幼苗还比较黄、 痩， 结合浇水每 亩追施 20〜25kg尿素， 或人畜粪水 200〜300kg中加 10〜15kg氮铵， 均匀洒泼。 Before the seedlings grow out of the ground, keep the soil in the seedbed moist and water in sunny days. After 7 to 10 days, the seedlings are started. After 20 to 30 days, the seedlings can be transplanted up to 20 to 25 cm. In the nursery period, the surface layer of the soil is caused by watering. The soil layer around the seed section should be loosened in time. After the seedlings are unearthed for 10 days, the seedlings are still yellow and sorghum. Combined with watering, 20~25kg of urea per acre is applied, or 10~15kg of ammonium nitrite is added to 200~300kg of human and animal manure, evenly splashed.
幼苗出土的初期， 地老虎喜欢咬断幼苗、 肉质根茎， 造成植株死亡或生长不 良。 人工捕捉或用质量浓度比为 50%的辛硫磷兑水稀释 800〜1000倍液， 或质量 浓度比为 80%敌百虫兑水稀释 800〜1000倍液喷洒防治。  In the early days of seedling unearthing, the tigers like to bite off seedlings and fleshy roots, causing plant death or poor growth. Manually capture or dilute 800~1000 times with phoxim with a mass concentration ratio of 50%, or mass concentration ratio of 80% trichlorfon diluted with water 800~1000 times liquid spray control.
育苗期蚜虫危害植株的叶和茎， 用质量浓度比为 40%的氧化乐果兑水稀释成 1000〜1500倍液， 或用质量浓度比为 25%的敌杀死乳油兌水稀释成 2000〜3000 倍液喷洒防治。  During the nursery period, the aphids harm the leaves and stems of the plants, and the diluted omethoate with a mass concentration ratio of 40% is diluted with water to 1000~1500 times, or diluted with water with a mass concentration ratio of 25% to 2000~ 3000 times liquid spray control.
二、 高产栽培  Second, high-yield cultivation
( 1 ) 土地平整  (1) Land leveling
大田移栽前 1〜2个月， 深耕 20〜30cm促进土壤熟化， 移栽前再浅耕 1遍， 结合浅耕每亩施有机肥 4000〜5000kg、 过磷酸钙或钙镁磷 100〜150kg。 按 10〜 20m宽起垄作畦， 垄沟深 10〜30cni， 垄长依地形而定， 坡地沿等高线起垄， 以利 排水及田间管理。倾斜角度大的山地， 为防止水土流失可不起垄， 须作做好排水 沟。  1~2 months before transplanting in the field, deep tillage 20~30cm to promote soil ripening, shallow tillage 1 time before transplanting, combined with shallow tillage application of organic fertilizer 4000~5000kg, superphosphate or calcium magnesium phosphate 100~150kg. According to the 10~20m wide ridge, the ridge is 10~30cni, the ridge length depends on the terrain, and the slope is ridged along the contour line to facilitate drainage and field management. In the mountainous areas with large inclination angles, in order to prevent soil erosion, there is no need for ridges.
( 2 ) 大田移栽  (2) Field transplanting
平整的大田株行距按 30〜40cm X 40〜50cm，深 10〜15cm开种植沟或种植穴， 每穴 1株， 每亩可种植 2000〜3000株； 光照不足的土地或贫瘠山地， 株行距按 50〜70cmX 80〜100cm， 深 10〜15cm开种植沟或种植穴， 每穴 1株， 每亩可种植 800〜1200株。 小苗移栽前每穴施复合肥或尿素 10〜15g， 促使植株早分蘖、 多 分蘖、 加速蘖苗生长。 再回填 2〜5cm厚的细土将底肥盖住； 然后把小苗放在种 植沟内扶正，四周用泥土压实。移栽后浇足定根水，保持土壤湿润，天晴干旱 1〜 2天浇 1次水， 5〜7天便开始转青。 对缺苗少蔸的地方， 要及时移苗补栽， 保证 成活率在 95%以上。  The flat row spacing of the field is 30~40cm X 40~50cm, and the depth is 10~15cm. Planting ditch or planting hole, 1 hole per hole, can plant 2000~3000 per acre; Light-poor land or barren mountainous land, plant spacing 50~70cmX 80~100cm, 10~15cm deep, planting ditch or planting hole, 1 hole per hole, 800~1200 plants per acre. Before the transplanting of the seedlings, 10~15g of compound fertilizer or urea is applied to each hole to promote early tillering, multi-split, and accelerate seedling growth. Then backfill 2~5cm thick fine soil to cover the bottom fertilizer; then put the seedlings in the planting ditch and strengthen the surrounding area with soil. After transplanting, water the roots to keep the soil moist, keep the soil dry and dry for 1~2 days, and turn the water for 5~7 days. For places where there is a shortage of seedlings, it is necessary to transplant the seedlings in time to ensure that the survival rate is above 95%.
( 3 ) 中耕除草  (3) cultivating and weeding
小苗前期生长较缓慢， 容易受杂草的影响，在植株封垄前中耕除草 1〜2次。 第一次中耕在移栽后 25〜35天植株开始分蘖时， 选晴天进行除草松土； 第二次 除草在移栽后 60〜70天， 这时植物生长最旺盛， 结合除草松土， 在苗蔸四周进 行培土， 避免植株倒伏； 每次收割后均应进行中耕除草， 疏松土壤。  The seedlings grow slowly in the early stage, and are easily affected by weeds. The plants are weeded and weeded 1 to 2 times before the plants are closed. The first time of cultivating, when the plants start to divide till 25~35 days after transplanting, choose the sunny day for weeding and loosening the soil; the second weeding is 60~70 days after transplanting, then the plant grows most vigorously, combined with weeding and loosening soil, The soil is planted around the nursery to avoid plant lodging; after each harvest, weeding and weeding should be carried out to loosen the soil.
( 4) 肥水管理 狼尾草、象草及狼尾草与象草杂交培育出的品种均喜肥水， 天晴久旱， 每隔(4) Fertilizer management The varieties cultivated by the hybrids of Pennisetum, Elephant Grass and Pennisetum are like fertile water, and the weather is fine and dry, every
3〜5天浇水 1次或施 1次清粪水； 连续阴雨天， 注意排涝防渍。 植株长到 50〜 60cm高时， 每蔸追施复合肥或尿素 10〜15g; 植株长到 100〜150cra高时， 每蔸 追施复合肥或尿素 20〜25g， 或每亩施人畜粪水 400〜500kg加氮铵 20〜25kg。 每次收割后 2〜5天， 松土后每亩施人畜粪水 500〜800kg， 或结合浇水每亩施氮 钹或尿素 20〜25kg。 3 to 5 days of watering 1 time or 1 time of clearing water; continuous rainy days, pay attention to drainage and anti-stain. When the plant grows to a height of 50~60cm, 10~15g of compound fertilizer or urea is applied per plant; when the plant grows to 100~150cra high, 20~25g of compound fertilizer or urea is applied per pot, or 400g of manure per acre. ~500kg plus nitrogen ammonium 20~25kg. 2~5 days after each harvest, 500~800kg of animal manure per acre after loosening, or 20~25kg of nitrogen or urea per mu combined with watering.
( 5) 病虫害防治  (5) Pest control
狼尾草、 象草及狼尾草与象草杂交培育出的品种， 如皇竹草、 甜象草、 杂交 狼尾草等抗病力较强， 很少发生病虫害。  The varieties cultivated by the hybrids of Pennisetum, Elephant Grass and Pennisetum, such as Huangzhucao, Sweet Grass, and Hybrid Pennisetum, have strong disease resistance, and few pests and diseases occur.
拔节前， 主要是蚜虫和钻心虫危害植株的叶和茎， 用质量浓度比为 40%的氧 化乐果兑水稀释 800〜1200倍液， 或用质量浓度比为 25%的敌杀死乳油兑水稀释 1500〜2000倍液喷雾防治。  Before jointing, mainly the aphids and borers harm the leaves and stems of the plants, and dilute 800~1200 times with omethoate with a mass concentration ratio of 40%, or kill the emulsifiable concentrate with a mass concentration ratio of 25%. Dilute 1500~2000 times liquid spray control with water.
拔节后，主要是炭疽病和白粉病危害幼苗叶和茎秆，保持植株间的空气流通， 降低田间湿度；炭疽病和白粉病防治用质量浓度比为 5%的多菌灵兑水稀释 800〜 1000倍液， 或用生石灰 3〜5kg、 硫磺 3〜5kg、 水 1000〜1500kg混合成的波尔 多液进行喷洒， 隔 5〜7天连续喷洒 2次。  After jointing, mainly anthracnose and powdery mildew harm the seedling leaves and stems, keep the air circulation between the plants and reduce the humidity in the field; the anthracnose and powdery mildew prevention and treatment with a concentration ratio of 5% of carbendazim diluted with water 800~ 1000 times of liquid, or sprayed with Bordeaux mixture of 3 to 5 kg of quicklime, 3 to 5 kg of sulfur, and 1000 to 1500 kg of water, and sprayed twice continuously for 5 to 7 days.
( 5 ) 越冬管理  (5) Wintering management
狼尾草、象草及狼尾草与象草杂交培育出的品种宿根性强， 可连续生长 4〜 8年,冬季清除田间残叶杂草，减少病虫害越冬场所。 冬季气温 5°C以上的地区， 最后一茬收割时留茬 10〜15cm， 可自然越冬； 冬季气温最低气温 0〜- 5°C， 霜冻 期较长的地区， 留荐 12〜18cm,培土保护篼， 加盖干草或塑料薄膜保温越冬。  The varieties cultivated by the hybrids of Pennisetum, Elephant Grass and Pennisetum are strong in roots and can grow continuously for 4 to 8 years. In winter, the weeds in the field are removed to reduce the pests and winters. In areas with a temperature above 5°C in winter, the last one will be left at 10~15cm during harvest, which will naturally winter. The lowest temperature in winter is 0~-5°C, and the area with long frost period is recommended to be 12~18cm.篼, covered with hay or plastic film to keep warm for the winter.
三、 多次收割  Third, multiple harvesting
5〜11月每隔 20〜40天， 株高达 100〜 150cm时收割 1次， 每年可收割 4〜8 次。 第 1次收割时留茬 10cm, 以后 "顺次青割" 以利植株再生， 最后留茬高度 不超过 20cm。 避免雨天收割， 以减少病虫害发生。 第 1年产量略低， 亩产量在 10〜15吨， 第 2年后亩产量可达 20〜30吨。  Every 5 to 11 days from May to November, when the plant is as high as 100~150cm, it can be harvested once, and it can be harvested 4~8 times a year. At the first harvest, leave 10cm, and then "successive green cutting" to facilitate plant regeneration, and finally the height of the stubble does not exceed 20cm. Avoid rain harvesting to reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases. The output in the first year is slightly lower, the output per mu is 10~15 tons, and the output after the second year is 20~30 tons.
实施例 4-芦苇或荻的种植、 培育和收割  Example 4 - Planting, breeding and harvesting of reeds or alfalfa
利用芦苇和荻的根状茎进行无性繁殖， 扩大种植面积， 通过水肥管理、 多次 收割， 实现速生丰产。  Using the rhizomes of reeds and alfalfa for asexual reproduction, expanding the planting area, and achieving fast-growing and high-yield production through water and fertilizer management and multiple harvesting.
具体步骤如下： 一、 快速繁殖 Specific steps are as follows: First, rapid reproduction
春季土壤解冻后、 根状茎上分株芽开始萌发时， 从丰产的区域选取深黄色 至褐色，表皮较厚且每节有侧芽和分叉的地下茎，鹿角状最佳。截取根茎长 30〜 50cm, 3〜5节以上， 按行株距各为 l〜1. 5m， 开挖 5〜10cm深的土沟， 将根状茎 平放后覆土厚 8〜12cm，栽种后要踩实， 以达到保墒保水； 或斜插于松软泥层中， 上端露出地面 2〜5cm， 1〜2个节， 这样出苗快， 出土苗多。 幼苗出土前要保持 土壤湿润或 2〜5cm的浅水， 最深不能超过 10cm。  After thawing in spring and germination of ramets on rhizomes, dark yellow to brown were selected from the high-yield areas, and the epidermis was thick and the lateral buds and bifurcations of the stalks were the best. The length of the roots is 30~50cm, 3~5 knots, and the row spacing is l~1. 5m, excavating 5~10cm deep soil ditch, the rhizome is laid flat and the soil thickness is 8~12cm. Step on the body to achieve protection and water retention; or insert it obliquely into the soft mud layer, the upper end is exposed to the ground 2~5cm, 1~2 knots, so that the emergence is quick and the seedlings are unearthed. Before the seedlings are unearthed, keep the soil moist or shallow water of 2~5cm, and the deepest can not exceed 10cm.
二、 高产栽培  Second, high-yield cultivation
1、 肥水管理  1. Fertilizer management
芦苇和荻是一种需要高氮、高钾的植物，氮、磷、钾比例 16〜20: 1〜2： 8〜 10最有利于生长。 盐碱土地区， 每亩可增施钙肥 10〜20kg， 促进生长。 Reeds and alfalfa are plants that require high nitrogen and high potassium. The ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 16~20 : 1~2: 8~10 is most beneficial for growth. In the saline-alkaline soil area, 10~20kg of calcium fertilizer can be added per acre to promote growth.
拔节前的营养生长期， 以氮代谢为主， 地上部分对氮、 磷、 钾的吸收是一年 中最高的时期，每亩施复合肥 10〜15kg或尿素 10〜15kg;拔节后到抽穗开花前， 碳、 氮代谢均旺盛， 养分供应的重点仍是地上部分， 每亩施尿素 5〜10kg; 抽穗 幵花后， 以碳代谢为主， 地上部分植株停止生长， 养分主要供应地下器官。 The vegetative growth period before jointing is mainly based on nitrogen metabolism. The absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the aerial part is the highest period of the year, applying 10~15kg per mu or 10~15kg of urea; after heading to heading Before flowering, carbon and nitrogen metabolism are strong. The focus of nutrient supply is still above ground. Urea is applied 5~10kg per mu . After heading and flowering, carbon metabolism is the main factor , and some aboveground plants stop growing. Nutrients mainly supply underground organs.
冬季芦苇和荻收获后至春季萌芽前，整个生长区铺一层腐熟的有机肥，厚 2〜 10cm; 酸性重的土壤， 有机肥中每亩混入 50〜100kg生石灰。  Before the harvest of winter reeds and alfalfa, the whole growth area is covered with a layer of decomposed organic fertilizer, which is 2~10cm thick; the acidity is heavy, and 50~100kg of quicklime is mixed into the organic fertilizer.
芦苇和荻是喜水植物， 多生长在淤泥沼泽土、 腐殖质沼泽土、 泥炭沼泽土、 泥炭土和滨海盐土上， 对水分的适应范围很广， 从水深几厘米到 lm以上均能生 长。 最适宜的水深约为 20〜30cm。 pH6. 0〜7. 5， 耐碱不耐酸， pH8. 5以上也能生 存， 但长势不好， 植株较矮， 茎秆细软。  Reeds and alfalfa are hi-water plants, which grow on silt swamp soil, humus marsh soil, peat swamp soil, peat soil and coastal salt soil. They have a wide adaptability to water, and can grow from a few centimeters to a depth of lm. The most suitable water depth is about 20 to 30 cm. pH6. 0~7. 5, alkali resistance is not acid resistant, pH above 8. 5 can also survive, but the growth is not good, the plant is short, and the stem is soft.
多年生芦苇和荻发芽时， 土壤保持潮湿或地表薄层积水， 深度不超过 10cm; 随着气温上升， 植株不断增高， 水层可慢慢加深， 进入 6月后增至 10〜30cm， 一直持续到 8月中下旬， 最深不超过 lm， 不能淹没植株。  When perennial reeds and alfalfa sprout, the soil remains moist or thin water on the surface, the depth does not exceed 10cm; as the temperature rises, the plants continue to increase, the water layer can slowly deepen, and increase to 10~30cm after entering June, which continues By the middle and late August, the deepest is no more than lm, and the plants cannot be submerged.
在 6〜8月份气温高、 生长旺盛期， 水量充足地区实施 "三排三灌"， 短期 内撤 2〜3次水， 能加速有机质分解， 对生长更加有利。 8月中下句后开花、 结 实， 不再增高加粗， 此时排除地表积水， 可加速茎秆老化， 提高纤维素含量， 并 且也可加速地表和土壤中有机质的分解， 有利于翌年更好地生长。  In the period of high temperature and strong growth period from June to August, the implementation of "three rows of three irrigations" in areas with sufficient water supply and the withdrawal of water for 2 to 3 times in a short period of time can accelerate the decomposition of organic matter and is more beneficial to growth. After the middle and lower sentences in August, it will bloom and bear fruit, no longer increase and thicken. At this time, the surface water is removed, which can accelerate the aging of the stalk, increase the cellulose content, and accelerate the decomposition of organic matter on the surface and soil, which is beneficial to the leap year. Grow well.
2、 除草防虫  2, weeding and pest control
在幼芽没有钻出地面以前， 根据田间杂草生长情况， 用质量浓度比为 20%的 百草枯 1. 5〜2. 5L/hm2, 与质量浓度比为 45%的扑乙 3〜3. 5kg/ hm2两种除草剂混 合， 兑水稀释成 500〜600倍液。 在土壤潮湿的清晨和傍晚喷施效果最好， 可防 止田间大量杂草生长， 生长后期的零星杂草， 人工铲除。 Before the shoots are not drilled, according to the growth of weeds in the field, the mass concentration ratio is 20%. 5L/hm 2 , mixed with 2 ~3. 5kg/ hm 2 of herbicides with a mass concentration ratio of 45%, diluted with water to 500~600 times. It is best applied in the wet morning and evening of the soil, which can prevent the growth of a large number of weeds in the field, and the sporadic weeds in the late growth stage, artificially eradicated.
主要害虫是蚜虫， 用质量浓度比为 10%的吡虫咻可湿性粉剂 500倍液喷雾； 或质量浓度比为 40%的氧化乐果乳油 1. 5〜2. 5L/hm2，加质量浓度比为 80%的敌敌 畏乳油 0. 75〜lL/hm2， 兑水稀释成 500〜600倍液喷雾防治。 The main pest is aphid, sprayed with a mass concentration ratio of 10% imipenem WP 500 times liquid; or a mass concentration ratio of 40% omethoate emulsifiable concentrate 1. 5~ 2 . 5L/hm 2 , plus mass concentration The ratio is 80% dichlorvos EC 0. 75~lL/hm 2 , diluted with water to 500~600 times liquid spray control.
三、 多次收割  Third, multiple harvesting
1、 收割时期  1. Harvest time
在拔节中期进行刈割比较适宜， 不仅可增加再生收获次数， 对秋季的收获影 响也较小。 在拔节中期以前收获， 对后一茬生长有利， 但单次产量低。 在拔节中 期以后， 收获单次产量高， 但影响后一茬生长， 降低总产量。 洪水期可适当推迟 收获， 但不能迟于抽穗开花期。  Castration in the middle of jointing is more appropriate, which not only increases the number of harvests, but also has less impact on autumn harvest. Harvesting before the middle of jointing is beneficial to the growth of the latter, but the yield is low. After the mid-section of jointing, the yield per harvest is high, but it affects the growth of the next one and reduces the total yield. The harvest can be postponed appropriately during the flood period, but not later than the flowering period.
2、 留茬高度  2, the height of the stubble
每次刈割后， 植物的顶端优势被去除， 从而会促使残茬上的腋芽萌发形成新 株。 芦苇只有下部的腋芽可萌发， 荻则各处均可萌发。 留茬高度在 10〜30cm， 保证有 1〜2个节。 每次刈割都要在前一次留茬的基础上留 1〜2个节。  After each castration, the plant's apical dominance is removed, which causes the axillary buds on the wreck to sprout into new strains. Only the lower axillary buds of the reeds can germinate, and the buds can germinate everywhere. The height of the stubble is 10~30cm, and there are 1~2 knots guaranteed. Each time you cast, you must leave 1 or 2 knots on the basis of the previous stay.
秋冬季， 茎叶变黄进行最后一茬收获时， 排除地表积水硬化土壤， 留茬 5〜 10cm进行收割。  In autumn and winter, when the stems and leaves turn yellow for the last harvest, the surface water is removed to harden the soil, and the stubble is 5~10cm for harvesting.
3、 再生复壮  3, regeneration and rejuvenation
每次收获都会使植株的光合作用面积急剧减少，长势下降甚至不能正常生长 发育。 每一次青苗收获后， 每亩施复合肥 10〜15kg或尿素 10〜15kg， 保持土壤 湿润或 5〜10cm的浅水。 8月中上旬， 最后一次收获青苗后， 每亩施复合肥 5〜 10kg和尿素 10〜15kg。  Each harvest will drastically reduce the photosynthesis area of the plant, and the growth will decline or even fail to grow normally. After each young crop is harvested, apply 10~15kg of compound fertilizer per acre or 10~15kg of urea to keep the soil moist or 5~10cm shallow water. In the middle and early August, after the last harvest of young crops, apply 5~10kg of compound fertilizer per acre and 10~15kg of urea.
实施例 5-风眼莲和水藻的种植、 培育和收割  Example 5 - Planting, breeding and harvesting of the eye and algae
利用凤眼莲和水藻的幼苗进行无性繁殖， 扩大种植面积， 通过水肥管理、 多 次收割， 实现速生丰产。  The seedlings of Eichhornia crassipes and algae are used for asexual reproduction, the planting area is enlarged, and the water-fertilizer management and multiple harvesting are realized to achieve fast-growing and high-yield production.
具体步骤如下：  Specific steps are as follows:
一、 快速繁殖  First, rapid reproduction
凤眼莲和水藻在温度不低于 10Ό的水面， 可以全年繁殖， 而在冬季有霜的 地方就需要保护越冬。 次年当日平均水温达到 15'C以上时， 选择富含有机物质， 水深以 0. 5〜lm的平静水体或流速缓慢的水体，将植株根系朝下投入水中即可自 然成活， 每亩水面投放种苗 500〜1000棵。种苗用绳子或框架围住， 避免风浪冲 散。 20〜40天可以长满水面， 每隔 10〜15天追肥 1次， 每次每亩施腐熟的有机 肥 500〜1000kg或叶面喷施 1〜： 3%的尿素溶液 50〜100kg。 Eichhornia crassipes and algae can be propagated throughout the year at temperatures below 10 温度, and winters need to be protected in frosty areas in winter. When the average water temperature reaches 15'C or higher on the next year, choose to be rich in organic matter. The water depth is 0. 5~lm in a calm water body or a slow-flowing water body, and the roots of the plants are placed in the water downwards to naturally survive, and 500 to 1000 seedlings are placed on each acre of water. Seedlings are enclosed by ropes or frames to avoid wind and waves. 20 to 40 days can be overgrown with water, every 10 to 15 days of topdressing 1 time, each time per mu of fermented organic fertilizer 500~1000kg or foliar spray 1~: 3% urea solution 50~100kg.
二、 高产栽培  Second, high-yield cultivation
1、 水肥管理  1. Water and fertilizer management
凤眼莲和水藻喜生长在浅水而土质肥沃的水体里， 水深以 30〜100cm为宜， 水深超过 10米仍可正常生长， 但不便于肥水管理。  Eichhornia crassipes and algae grow in shallow water and fertile water. The water depth is 30~100cm, and the water depth can exceed 10m. It can still grow normally, but it is not convenient for fertilizer and water management.
大面积种植前要施足底肥， 营养物质丰富的水体施腐熟的有机肥 500〜 1000kg, 营养物质缺乏的水体施腐熟的有机肥 1000〜2000kg。  Before the large-scale planting, the base fertilizer should be applied. The nutrient-rich water body should be fertilized with organic fertilizer 500~1000kg, and the nutrient-deficient water body should be cooked with 1000~2000kg of organic fertilizer.
在 6〜8月的生长旺季期， 每次捕捞后每亩施腐熟的有机肥 200〜500kg， 或 每月施腐熟的有机肥 2〜3次， 每次每亩施腐熟的有机肥 500〜1000kg。 水底淤 泥富含有机物的富营养性水体， 每次捕捞后搅动淤泥， 可减少腐熟的有机肥施用 量和施用次数。  During the peak season of growth from June to August, 200~500kg of decomposed organic fertilizer per mu per harvest, or 2~3 times of organic fertilizer applied per month, 500~1000kg of decomposed organic fertilizer per acre. . Submerged sludge An organic-rich eutrophic water body that agitates the silt after each harvest to reduce the amount of applied organic fertilizer and the number of applications.
为促进凤眼莲和水藻生长高度， 用绳子、 树木、竹子等材料将水面分成若干 个单元， 防止水流影响植物分株， 适当的植株密度能提高植物个体生长高度。 大 面积种植时，单个生长单元面积 1000〜5000m2为宜，围栏露出水面高度 10〜50cm。 In order to promote the growth height of Eichhornia crassipes and algae, the water surface is divided into several units by rope, trees, bamboo and other materials to prevent the water from affecting the plant ramets, and the appropriate plant density can increase the individual growth height of the plants. When planting in a large area, a single growth unit area of 1000~5000 m 2 is suitable, and the fence is exposed to a water surface height of 10 to 50 cm.
2、 越冬管理  2, winter management
多采用母株防寒越冬， 春季放养于大面积水体中。 在冬季气温低于 5°C， 有 霜冻的地区， 凤眼莲和水藻必须进行保护才能越冬。 在温室大棚内采用秸秆、谷 壳、 动物粪便等酿温材料做成温床， 使床温保持在 10°C以上， 再将健壮的越冬 母株移栽到温床。 越冬期间， 阳光充足， 并保持一定水分,及时防治病虫害， 春 暖后移入露天放养。  Most of the mother plants are used for winter and winter, and are stocked in large areas of water in spring. In areas where the temperature is below 5 °C in winter and there is frost, the water hyacinth and algae must be protected to survive the winter. In the greenhouse, a warm bed made of straw, chaff, animal droppings and other tempering materials is used to keep the bed temperature above 10 °C, and then the robust wintering mother plants are transplanted to the hotbed. During the winter, the sun is sufficient, and a certain amount of water is maintained, and pests and diseases are prevented in time. After warming, they are moved into the open air for stocking.
3、 病虫害防止  3. Prevention of pests and diseases
病虫害主要有蚜虫、 卷叶虫、 青虫、 粉甲虫和黄萎病， 危害最大的是蚜虫和 黄萎病。 防治蚜虫可用质量浓度比为 40%的乐果乳剂兌水稀释成 200〜300倍液 喷洒。 黄萎病出现后， 用生石灰 5kg、 硫磺 5kg、 水 800〜1000kg混合成的波尔 多液进行喷洒。  The main pests and diseases are aphids, leaf curlers, green worms, powder beetles and verticillium wilt. The most harmful ones are aphids and verticillium. The control of aphids can be diluted with water to 200% to 300 times with a mass concentration ratio of 40% dimethoate. After the onset of verticillium wilt, spray with Bordeaux mixture of 5 kg of quicklime, 5 kg of sulfur, and 800 to 1000 kg of water.
三、 多次收获  Third, multiple harvests
凤眼莲和水藻在 6〜8月间生长旺季繁殖、生长速度极快， 2〜5天收获一次， 每次捕捞总生长量的 30〜40%， 最多不超过 50%。 保证有足够的种苗继续繁殖， 同时将留下的植株均匀拨散开，每亩施腐熟的有机肥施 200〜500kg或搅动淤泥， 以利生长。 Eichhornia crassipes and algae grow and grow at a very fast rate during the period from June to August, and harvest once every 2 to 5 days. The total growth of each harvest is 30~40%, and the maximum is no more than 50%. Ensure that there are enough seedlings to continue to breed, and at the same time spread the plants evenly, and apply 200~500kg per mu of fermented organic fertilizer or stir the sludge to facilitate growth.
实施例 6-速生藻类的种植、 培育和收获  Example 6 - Planting, breeding and harvesting of fast-growing algae
利用单细胞藻类通过***生殖来繁殖后代，多细胞藻类通过孢子生殖来繁衍 后代， 扩大养殖面积， 通过生产管理、 多次收获， 实现速生丰产。  The unicellular algae are used to reproduce the offspring through divisional reproduction. The multicellular algae reproduces the offspring through spore reproduction, expands the culture area, and realizes fast-growing and high-yield production through production management and multiple harvests.
具体步骤如下：  Specific steps are as follows:
1、 养殖场地准备  1. Preparation of breeding grounds
用竹杆、 木方、 金属或其它复合材料做成浮筏， 两浮筏之间拉平行的绠绳， 绠绳每间距 5〜6m绑一个浮子。 苗绳绑在绠绳上， 苗绳间距 lm以上， 巨藻苗绳 间距可达 2〜3m。 苗绳底部悬挂一定重量的砖石， 使之将苗绳拉直。 也可在苗绳 底部设置一条与上面绠绳平行的绠绳， 将苗绳底部绑在下面的绠绳上。  Use bamboo poles, wood, metal or other composite materials to make floating rafts. Pull the parallel ropes between the two rafts. The reins are tied with a float at a distance of 5~6m. The seedling rope is tied to the reins, the spacing of the seedling rope is above lm, and the spacing of the giant algae rope is 2~3m. A certain weight of masonry is suspended at the bottom of the seedling rope to straighten the seedling rope. A tether parallel to the upper reins can also be placed at the bottom of the seedling rope, and the bottom of the seedling rope is tied to the reins underneath.
绠绳和苗绳可采用聚乙烯绳与棕绳，棕绳纤维中含有大量的可溶性物质丹宁 酸， 对海藻幼苗有一定的毒害作用。 处理方法是： 棕绳制作前将材料在高温中蒸 煮多次或使用前 10〜15d先将棕绳浸泡在海水里。  The reins and the ropes can be made of polyethylene rope and brown rope. The brown rope fiber contains a large amount of soluble substance tannic acid, which has certain toxic effects on seaweed seedlings. The treatment method is as follows: Before the brown rope is made, the material is steamed at high temperature for a plurality of times or before the use of the brown rope, the brown rope is first immersed in the seawater.
2、 幼苗保苗  2, seedling seedlings
海藻受精卵附着后，在水深 1〜1. 5m的室内培养 10〜15d，再移至海上培养， 人工清理浮泥和杂藻。 室内育苗中幼苗接受光照强度越高， 生长越快， 最适光照 强度为 4000Lx; 水层浅生长速度明显加快， 移栽前 3〜5d提高水层深度。  After the seaweed fertilized eggs are attached, they are cultured in a water depth of 1 to 1.5 m for 10 to 15 days, and then moved to the sea for cultivation, and the floating mud and the algae are manually cleaned. The higher the light intensity of the seedlings in the indoor nursery, the faster the growth, the optimum light intensity is 4000Lx; the shallow growth speed of the water layer is obviously accelerated, and the depth of the water layer is increased 3~5d before transplanting.
3、 海上养殖  3. Marine farming
当经过保苗的海藻幼苗株长至 5cm以上， 将幼苗从附着基上取下， 夹于苗绳 上养殖。苗绳可选用直径 3cm的棕绳或直径 1. 5cm的聚乙烯绳。无分枝的幼苗将 根部夹在苗绳里， 有分枝的幼苗将分枝两边分开， 根部夹入绳中， 藻体分在绳的 两边。 小型海藻苗间距 5cm以上， 大型藻如巨藻、 大叶藻， 苗间距可达 l〜2m， 适宜距离为 1. 5m。  When the seedlings of the seaweed seedlings that have been preserved are more than 5 cm in length, the seedlings are removed from the attachment base and cultured on the seedling ropes. The seedling rope can be selected from a brown rope with a diameter of 3 cm or a polyethylene rope with a diameter of 1.5 cm. The unbranched seedlings sandwich the roots in the seedling ropes, and the branched seedlings separate the branches from each other, and the roots are clamped into the ropes, and the algae are divided on both sides of the rope. The distance between small seaweed seedlings is more than 5cm, and large algae such as giant algae and big leaf algae can reach a distance of l~2m, and the suitable distance is 1. 5m.
海浪冲击度越大， 藻体越长， 生物量也越大； 但风浪太大、 水流太急的海区 易掉苗， 幼苗养殖于海湾中部有利其生长。 刚下海的海藻幼苗， 根部附着不牢， 在水流大的地方， 摆动剧烈易脱落， 需每半个月检査一次海藻生长情况。海藻养 殖水层秋、 冬季控制在 2〜4m， 春、 夏季控制在 3〜6m。 海藻养殖主要危害是海胆， 可在养殖区四周设置围网保护， 也可用生石灰水 杀死掠食海藻的海胆， 或在藻场放养吃食海胆的海獭。 The greater the impact of the waves, the longer the algae and the greater the biomass; but the sea areas with too much wind and too fast water flow are easy to fall, and the seedlings are cultivated in the middle of the bay to facilitate their growth. The algae seedlings that have just entered the sea have not adhered to the roots. In places with large water flow, the swings are severe and easy to fall off. It is necessary to check the algae growth every half month. Seaweed aquaculture water layer is controlled in autumn and winter at 2~4m, and spring and summer are controlled at 3~6m. The main hazard of seaweed farming is sea urchin, which can be fenced around the breeding area. It can also kill sea urchins that eat seaweed with quicklime water, or stock sea urchins that eat sea urchins in algae.
4、 适时收获  4, timely harvest
6〜7月份第一次收割时保留根部， 可以继续生长， 一年可收获 2〜4次， 一 次夹苗可以多年生长。  The roots are preserved during the first harvest from June to July, and can continue to grow. It can be harvested 2 to 4 times a year, and the seedlings can grow for many years.
实施例 7-速生苔藓的种植、 培育和收获  Example 7 - Planting, cultivating and harvesting of fast-growing moss
利用孢子繁殖后代， 扩大养殖面积， 通过生产管理， 实现速生丰产。  Use spores to breed offspring, expand the area of cultivation, and achieve fast-growing and high-yield production through production management.
具体步骤如下：  Specific steps are as follows:
1、 孢子的采集与贮藏  1. Collection and storage of spores
苔藓孢子在我国南方地区 5月便幵始成熟， 北方地区则 7月后； 采集时将孢 蒴剪下， 置于通风阴凉处， 当孢子完全脱落后， 筛去杂物， 将孢子装入干燥的容 器中。  The moss spores begin to mature in the southern part of China in May, and the northern part is after July. When the spores are cut, they are placed in a cool and ventilated place. When the spores are completely detached, the spores are removed and the spores are dried. In the container.
2、 孢子繁殖  2, spore reproduction
只要气候适宜， 苔藓孢子全年都可以繁殖； 通常春季 2〜3月播种孢子 ，也 可以在秋季 8〜9月播种。  As long as the climate is suitable, moss spores can be propagated throughout the year; usually spores are sown in spring from February to March, and can also be sown in the fall from August to September.
播种孢子最好采用细沙加草炭土， 也可用腐殖土， 为防止病菌杂草， 床土用 堆肥形式进行灭菌。  It is best to use fine sand plus grass charcoal for sowing spores, or humus soil. To prevent weeds, the bed soil is sterilized by composting.
播种时将成熟孢子用 300mg/ kg浓度的赤霉素处理 15分钟， 用毛笔或软质 小毛刷将孢子粉均匀撒播于床面上， 不需覆土， 稍稍淋水使孢子粉与土面接触， 播后在床面覆盖地膜， 保温保湿； 光照强度以散射光为宜， 温度控制在 20°C左 右， 空气相对湿度保持在 80%〜90%。 When planting, the mature spores were treated with gibberellin at a concentration of 300 mg / kg for 15 minutes. The spore powder was spread evenly on the bed with a brush or a soft brush. No need to cover the soil, and the spore powder was in contact with the soil surface. After sowing, cover the mulch on the bed surface, keep warm and moisturize; the light intensity is suitable for scattering light, the temperature is controlled at about 20 °C, and the relative humidity of air is maintained at 80%~90%.
3、 田间管理  3. Field management
孢子在播种后 4〜5天萌发， 前期不需要过多的水分； 1个月后， 苔藓孢蒴 里的孢子开始成熟， 随便气温升高， 每天用清水喷雾 1〜2次， 增加空气湿度， 土壤水份控制在 60%左右。  Spores germinated 4 to 5 days after sowing, and did not require excessive water in the early stage; after 1 month, the spores in the moss spores began to mature, and the temperature increased, and the water was sprayed 1 to 2 times a day to increase the air humidity. Soil moisture is controlled at around 60%.
当苔藓长到 4〜5cm时， 可进行扩大种植， 将苔藓切成细段， 均匀地散布在 平整好的土地上， 再覆上一层细土即可生长。 为促进生长， 可喷施 0. 1〜0. 2%尿 素液和 0. 1%磷酸二氢钾液。  When the moss grows to 4~5cm, it can be expanded and cut into thin sections, evenly spread on the flat land, and then covered with a layer of fine soil to grow. 1%的尿素液和0. 1%钾钾钾钾。 To promote the growth, spray 0. 1~0. 2% urine liquid and 0. 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution.
实施例 8-速生植物干燥、 压缩成型  Example 8 - Fast-growing plant drying, compression molding
速生植物干燥、 压缩成型的方法： 0755 Method for drying and compression molding of fast-growing plants: 0755
25  25
1、 将收获的速生植物自然风干或日晒， 降低植物含水量。  1. The harvested fast-growing plants are naturally air-dried or sun-dried to reduce the water content of the plants.
2、 经自然风干的速生植物用粉碎机进行粉碎， 粉碎后植物颗粒长 3〜5Cm。2, the fast-growing plants naturally dried was pulverized with a pulverizer, the pulverized particles plant length 3~5 C m.
3、 植物颗粒送入烤房内进行加热烘干， 使植物含水量低于 10%。 3. The plant granules are sent to the baking room for heating and drying, so that the water content of the plant is less than 10%.
4、 干燥后的植物颗粒利用生物质成型机， 在温度 150〜300Ό、 压力 4〜 lOMpa, 含水量 4〜10%下挤压成型。  4. The dried plant granules are extruded using a biomass molding machine at a temperature of 150 to 300 Torr, a pressure of 4 to 1 OMpa, and a water content of 4 to 10%.
5、 成型后的植物型材， 冷却 8〜12h后进行包装、 封存， 防止回潮崩解。 实施例 9-速生植物成型材料封存  5. After the molding, the plant profiles are cooled and sealed for 8~12h, to prevent moisture from disintegrating. Example 9 - Storage of fast-growing plant molding materials
速生植物成型材料封存的方法- Method for storage of fast-growing plant molding materials -
1、 将速生植物成型材料水份控制在 10%以内， 温度不超过室温， 无霉变物， 用塑料袋密封储存或真空包装储存， 抑制霉菌繁殖。 1. Control the moisture content of the fast-growing plant molding materials to within 10%, the temperature does not exceed room temperature, no mildew, and store in a plastic bag or store in vacuum packaging to inhibit mold growth.
2、 选择低温、 干燥、 通风的封存环境， 要求相对湿度低于 60%、 温度低于 10°C或相对湿度低于 40%， 温度低于 25°C。  2. Choose a low temperature, dry, ventilated storage environment, requiring relative humidity below 60%, temperature below 10 °C or relative humidity below 40%, and temperature below 25 °C.
3、 封存前也可先对速生植物成型材料进行防霉处理， 常用的防霉剂有， 苯 甲酸和苯甲酸钠、双乙酸钠、富马酸及其醋类、丙酸及其盐类、 山梨酸及其盐类。  3. Anti-mold treatment of fast-growing plant molding materials before storage. Common anti-mold agents include benzoic acid and sodium benzoate, sodium diacetate, fumaric acid and vinegar, propionic acid and its salts, and Yamanashi. Acids and their salts.
苯甲酸钠是一种酸性防腐剂，在 pH 2. 5〜4. 0下，对多种微生物有抑制作用， 奶牛日粮中加喂含有 0. 3%苯甲酸的青贮料， 产奶量可提高 7. 4%。  Sodium benzoate is an acidic preservative. It has an inhibitory effect on various microorganisms at pH 2. 5~4. 0. The milk is added to the dairy diet with 0.3% benzoic acid. The milk yield can be increased. 7. 4%.
富马酸及其醋类是一种酸性防腐剂， 具有广谱、 高效的抑菌作用， 可抑制霉 菌、 细菌及酵母菌的生长， 适宜 pH范围广， 可改善味道， 提高饲料利用率。  Fumaric acid and its vinegar are an acidic preservative with broad-spectrum, high-efficiency bacteriostatic action, which inhibits the growth of molds, bacteria and yeasts. It is suitable for a wide pH range, which can improve taste and improve feed utilization.
丙酸及其盐类属酸性防腐剂， 抑制微生物繁殖， 具有较广泛的抑菌谱， 对酵 母菌、 细菌和霉菌均有效， 尤其是对腐败变质微生物抑制作用很强。 丙酸可抑制 霉菌的生长速度， 降低霉菌的数量， 减少微生物产生的毒素， 延长贮藏时期。  Propionic acid and its salts are acidic preservatives, inhibit microbial reproduction, have a broad spectrum of inhibition, and are effective against yeasts, bacteria and molds, especially for spoilage microorganisms. Propionic acid inhibits the growth rate of mold, reduces the number of molds, reduces the toxins produced by microorganisms, and prolongs the storage period.
山梨酸的抑菌性能随酸性的增加而增加， 可抑制酵母和霉菌的生长， 在 pH 值 5〜6以下范围内使用。  The antibacterial property of sorbic acid increases with the increase of acidity, and can inhibit the growth of yeast and mold, and is used in the range of pH 5 to 6 or less.
4、 速生植物成型材料与封存点， 均可用紫外线照射杀灭霉菌和真菌； 定期 进行通风与紫外线照射， 防止植物成型材料霉变和崩解。  4. Fast-growing plant molding materials and storage sites can be killed by ultraviolet radiation to prevent mold and fungi; Regular ventilation and ultraviolet radiation are used to prevent mildew and disintegration of plant molding materials.
5、 成型材料根据储存季节、 储存年限、 以后的用途， 定期对仓库进行消毒、 杀虫、 灭鼠， 保持推陈贮新， 先进先出的原则。  5. According to the storage season, storage period and future use, the molding materials should regularly disinfect, kill insects and eliminate rodents in the warehouse, keep the new storage, and the principle of first-in-first-out.
6、 做好封存点防火工作。  6. Do a good job in fire prevention at the storage site.
实施例 10-经成型、 封存后的速生植物固硫型煤加工  Example 10: Processing of fast-growing plant sulfur-fixed coal after molding and storage
经成型、 封存后的速生植物固硫型煤加工方法- 1、 将原煤和准备掺入的速生植物成型材料、 生石灰分别进行烘干， 烘干后 原煤含水量小于 2%， 成型速生植物含水量小于 10%， 生石灰含水量小于 3%。 Processing method of fast-growing plant sulfur-fixing coal after forming and sealing- 1. The raw coal and the fast-growing plant molding materials and quicklime to be blended are separately dried. After drying, the raw coal has a water content of less than 2%, the formed fast-growing plant has a water content of less than 10%, and the quicklime water content is less than 3%.
2、 将干燥后的原煤粉碎过筛， 使过筛后原煤颗粒直径小于 3mm。  2. The dried raw coal is pulverized and sieved so that the diameter of the raw coal particles after sieving is less than 3 mm.
3、 将干燥后的成型速生植物粉碎过筛， 使过筛后的植物长度小于 3mm。 3. The dried fast-growing plant is sifted and sieved so that the length of the sieved plant is less than 3 mm.
4、 将干燥后的生石灰粉碎过筛， 使过筛后的生石灰颗粒直径小于 0. 1mm。4毫米。 The dried lime particles after sieving, the diameter of the sieved lime particles is less than 0. 1mm.
5、 将原煤粉、 植物颗粒、 生石灰粉按质量比 75〜80： 10〜15: 5〜10混合， 混合物总含水量小于 5%。 5. Mix the raw coal powder, plant granules and quicklime powder according to the mass ratio of 75~80: 10~15 : 5~10, and the total water content of the mixture is less than 5%.
6、 将混合物送到成型固化机， 在压力 0. 5〜5t/m2挤压下， 形成固硫型煤。 实施例 11-经成型、 封存后的速生植物直接燃烧发电 6. The mixture is sent to a molding and curing machine to form a sulfur-fixed coal under pressure of 0.5 to 5 t/m 2 . Example 11 - Direct combustion of fast-growing plants after molding and storage
经成型、 封存后的速生植物直接燃烧发电的方法：  A method for direct combustion of fast-growing plants after being formed and sealed:
1、将封存后取出来的速生植物成型饼、棒或颗粒物由输送装置送到给料机， 给料机将燃料送入炉膛内进行燃烧。  1. The fast-growing plant-formed cake, stick or pellets taken out after storage is sent to the feeder by the conveying device, and the feeder feeds the fuel into the furnace for combustion.
2、 速生植物燃烧产生的热量传递给锅炉内的水。  2. The heat generated by the burning of fast-growing plants is transferred to the water in the boiler.
3、 水加热后， 部分成为水蒸汽进入汽轮发电机， 水蒸汽推动汽轮发电机旋 转发电。  3. After the water is heated, part of the water vapor enters the steam turbine generator, and the water vapor pushes the steam turbine generator to rotate the electricity.
4、 汽轮发电机内冷凝后收集的水和蒸汽再次回到锅炉加热， 循环利用推动 汽轮机重复做功， 不停的发电。  4. The water and steam collected after condensation in the turbine generator are returned to the boiler for heating again. The recycling uses the steam turbine to repeat the work and continuously generate electricity.
实施例 12-经成型、 封存后的速生植物制备半纤维素  Example 12 - Preparation of hemicellulose by fast-growing plants after molding and storage
经成型、 封存后的速生植物制备半纤维素的方法：  Method for preparing hemicellulose by forming and sealing fast-growing plants:
1、 将封存后取出来的速生植物成型饼、 棒或颗粒物粉碎， 经 5〜10 目筛网 去除大颗粒。  1. The fast-growing plant-formed cake, stick or pellets taken out after storage are pulverized, and the large particles are removed through a 5~10 mesh screen.
2、 粉碎后的植物颗粒在 55〜60Ό条件下干燥 15〜18h。  2. The pulverized plant granules are dried under the condition of 55~60 15 for 15~18h.
3、 干燥后的植物颗粒与乙醇甲苯按体积比 1. 8〜2. 2: 1， 抽提 5〜7h。 3. The volume ratio of the dried plant particles to ethanol toluene is 1. 8~2. 2: 1, extraction 5~7h.
4、 脱蜡后的植物颗粒， 按 lg原料中加 2%的 02的固液比混合， 在温 度 45〜50°C、 PH值 11. 5〜12. 5下浸泡 15〜18h。 4小时浸浸15〜18小时。 After dewaxing the plant particles, according to lg raw materials, add 2% of the solid-liquid ratio of 0 2 , at a temperature of 45~50 ° C, PH value of 11. 5~12. 5 soak 15~18h.
5、抽取的滤液用 6mol/L的 HC1中和到 PH值 5. 5， 然后加入 3倍体积的 70% 的乙醇， 获得沉淀的小团状物。  5. The extracted filtrate was neutralized with 6 mol/L of HC1 to a pH of 5. 5, and then 3 volumes of 70% ethanol were added to obtain a precipitated small mass.
6、 经过滤获得沉淀物， 再加入 70%的乙醇洗涤并风干， 获得半纤维素。 实施例 13-经成型、 封存后的速生植物制备成乙醇燃料  6. The precipitate was obtained by filtration, washed with 70% ethanol and air-dried to obtain hemicellulose. Example 13 - Preparation of fast-growing plants after molding and storage into ethanol fuel
经成型、 封存后的速生植物制备成乙醇燃料的方法： 1、将封存后取出来的速生植物成型饼、棒或颗粒物粉碎为直径 2〜3cm的小 颗粒。 A method for preparing an instant fuel by forming a fast-growing plant after storage: 1. The fast-growing plant-formed cake, stick or pellets taken out after storage are pulverized into small particles having a diameter of 2 to 3 cm.
2、将准备好的速生植物颗粒物进行蒸汽加热， 当料温达到 100°C后维持 2〜 5min0 2, the prepared particles plants fast heating steam, when the material temperature reached 100 ° C is maintained 2~ 5min 0
3、 料温冷却至 40〜50°C时接种发酵菌， 优选热纤梭菌； 接种量为原料质量 的 0. 1〜0. 3%， 菌种接种前活化 24h。  3, The inoculating amount is 0. 1~0. 3%, the inoculum is activated for 24 hours before inoculation, when the temperature is cooled to 40~50 °C, and the fermenting bacteria is inoculated.
4、 接种后的原料投入发酵池， 池温控制在 18〜20Ό ; 优选方案是先在池底 铺一层干料， 摊平后再将接种后的原料填满池， 填料时沿壁将原料踩实， 以排净 发酵池内氧气， 再覆盖塑料布和干燥谷壳、 稻草等保温材料； 发酵温度控制在 20〜40。C， 发酵前期 12h内升温比较慢； 发酵中期的 24h内升温比较快， 需适当 揭开保温材料降温； 发酵后期的 36h需要将温度稳定在 30〜40°C， 促进纤维更 多的分解。 4. The inoculated raw materials are put into the fermentation tank, and the pool temperature is controlled at 18~20Ό ; the preferred scheme is to first lay a layer of dry material at the bottom of the pool, and then fill the pool with the inoculated raw materials after filling, and the raw materials along the wall when filling Step on the net to drain the oxygen in the fermentation tank, then cover the plastic sheet and dry chaff, straw and other insulation materials; the fermentation temperature is controlled at 20~40. C, the temperature rises slowly in the first 12 hours of fermentation; the temperature rises faster within 24 hours of the middle of fermentation, and the temperature of the insulation material should be properly removed; the temperature should be stabilized at 30~40 °C for 36 hours after fermentation, which promotes more decomposition of fibers.
5、 发酵结束后出池蒸馏， 蒸馏采用我国传统的蒸酒方法； 通过酒醅蒸馏， 使乙醇逐渐冷热交换，汽液交换，使乙醇得到浓缩，馏出液的乙醇浓度由高到低。 优选方案是蒸馏开始时用汽要缓， 到馏出液的乙醇浓度较低时， 要开大汽门， 大 汽追尾。  5. After the fermentation, the pool is distilled, and the traditional steaming method is adopted for distillation. The alcohol is gradually exchanged by the wine cellar, and the ethanol is gradually exchanged, so that the ethanol is concentrated, and the ethanol concentration of the distillate is high to low. The preferred solution is to use steam to slow down at the beginning of the distillation, and to open the large steam gate and the steam rear-end when the ethanol concentration of the distillate is low.
实施例 14-经成型、 封存后的速生植物制备成醇基燃料  Example 14 - Preparation of an instant alcohol-based fuel by forming a fast-growing plant
经成型、 封存后的速生植物制备成醇基燃料的方法：  A method for preparing an alcohol-based fuel by forming and sealing a fast-growing plant:
1、 将封存后取出来的植物成型饼、 棒或颗粒物粉碎， 经 2〜3目筛网去除大 颗粒。  1. The plant-formed cake, stick or pellets taken out after storage are pulverized, and the large particles are removed through a 2 to 3 mesh screen.
2、 将粉碎后的植物纤维加入清水浸泡预处理 30min;  2. The pulverized plant fiber is added to the water to soak for 30 minutes;
3、 加入磷钨酸调节 PH值至 5. 5;  3. Add phosphotungstic acid to adjust the pH to 5. 5;
4、 加入纤维素酶， 温度维持在 50'C， 发酵 36h;  4, adding cellulase, the temperature is maintained at 50 'C, fermentation 36h;
5、 水解发酵结束后纤维素全部分解， 过滤固体催化剂， 脱水浓缩葡萄 糖溶液；  5. After the hydrolysis and fermentation, the cellulose is completely decomposed, the solid catalyst is filtered, and the glucose solution is dehydrated and concentrated;
6、先在高压反应釜中预先加入镍触媒，再加入葡萄糖溶液并搅拌 5min， 搅拌速度 250r/min， ？11值8. 2；  6. First add nickel catalyst in the autoclave, add glucose solution and stir for 5min, stirring speed is 250r/min, ? 11 value 8. 2;
7、加入 ，压力 4. 5 pa,温度 150。C，搅拌速度 250r/min,反应 30 min; 7, join, pressure 4. 5 pa, temperature 150. C, stirring speed 250r / min, reaction 30 min;
8、 加入憐钨酸， 醇酐摩尔比为 2 : 1， 催化剂用量为酸酐用量的 1. 2%， 温度 125 °C， 氢气压力 1. 6Mpa， 搅拌速度 250r/min， 反应 2. 2h; 9、 过滤固体催化剂， 加入二甲亚砜蒸馏脱水。 The singularity of the reaction is 2. 2h, the reaction temperature is 1. 2%, the temperature is 125 ° C, the hydrogen pressure is 1. 6Mpa, the stirring speed is 250r / min, the reaction is 2. 2h ; 9. Filter the solid catalyst and distill it by adding dimethyl sulfoxide.
10、 得到成品醇基燃料成品， 含有甲醇、 乙醇、 二甲醚、 羟基戊酸甲 酯等。  10. The finished alcohol-based fuel product is obtained, and contains methanol, ethanol, dimethyl ether, methyl valerate and the like.
实施例 15-经成型、 封存后的速生植物加工成纤维板  Example 15- Processed and sealed fast-growing plants processed into fiberboard
经成型、 封存后的速生植物加工成纤维板的方法：  Method for processing fast-growing plants after forming and sealing into fiberboard:
1、 将封存后取出来的植物成型饼、 棒或颗粒物， 去除霉变、 腐败部分后粉 碎， 经〗〜 2目筛网去除大颗粒。  1. The plants, which are taken out after storage, are molded into cakes, sticks or granules. After removing the mildew and spoilage parts, they are pulverized, and the large particles are removed by the 〜~2 mesh screen.
2、 将过筛后的原材料通过震动筛去除泥沙和粉末。  2. The sieved raw materials are passed through a vibrating screen to remove sediment and powder.
3、 清选干净后的原料经干燥， 使纤维含水量为 3〜5%。  3. The cleaned raw materials are dried to make the fiber moisture content 3 to 5%.
4、 将偶联剂稀释后在拌胶机中喷洒到原料表面， 偶联剂用量为 0. 15%。 5%。 The amount of the coupling agent is 0.15%.
5、 喷洒偶联剂后原料含水量超过 5%时， 干燥后再添用量为 10%的改性三聚 氰胺脲醛树脂胶粘剂， 和用量为 0. 13〜0. 17%的防水剂石蜡乳液。 5%的防水剂蜡蜡乳液, after the amount of the water content of the raw material is more than 5%, the amount of the modified melamine urea-formaldehyde resin adhesive is 10% after the drying, and the amount is 0. 13~0.
6、 施胶原料铺装后热压成型， 热压温度 150〜160°C， 板坯密度 30kg/m3， 长宽规格和厚度可根据需要来确定， 厚度通常为 8〜10cm， 板坯含水量 4〜6fl/。。 6. Hot-press molding after sizing raw material paving, hot pressing temperature 150~160°C, slab density 30kg/m 3 , length and width specifications and thickness can be determined according to needs, thickness is usually 8~10cm, slab contains The amount of water is 4~6 fl /. .
7、 板坯经 48h以上冷却定型后， 再进行板坯表面处理和切边， 即达到成品 板要求。  7. After the slab is cooled and shaped for more than 48h, the surface of the slab is treated and trimmed to meet the requirements of the finished board.
实施例 16-经成型、 封存后的速生植物加工成词料  Example 16 - Processed and sealed fast-growing plants processed into lexical materials
经成型、 封存后的速生植物加工成饲料的方法：  Method for processing fast-growing plants after forming and sealing into feed:
1、 将封存后取出来的植物成型饼、 棒或颗粒物， 去除霉变、 腐败部分后粉 碎， 经 2〜3目筛网去除大颗粒， 增加家畜适口性。  1. The plants, which are taken out after storage, are molded into cakes, sticks or granules, removed from mildew and spoilage, and then pulverized. The granules are removed by a 2~3 mesh screen to increase the palatability of the livestock.
2、 过筛后的速生植物粉颗中加 10%的玉米粉， 且每吨成型速生植物粉颗粒 中加入 2〜3 克秸秆发酵干菌混合。  2. Add 10% corn flour to the fast-growing plant powder after sieving, and add 2~3 grams of straw fermented bacteria mixed per ton of shaped fast-growing plant powder particles.
3、 混合后加入质量比为 35〜45%的井水或无氯自来水搅拌均匀， 达到手握 成团、 落地即散， 然后放在发酵池里、 一层一层压实后密封； 发酵温度控制在 20〜40 V , 当温度高于 40°C时， 将速生植物粉颗粒翻动通风。  3. After mixing, add well water or chlorine-free tap water with a mass ratio of 35~45%, stir evenly, reach the group by hand, spread it off, then put it in the fermentation tank, seal it layer by layer; Controlled at 20~40 V, when the temperature is higher than 40 °C, the fast-growing plant powder particles are turned and ventilated.
4、 发酵 7〜10天， 根据家畜的营养需要配制成混合饲料进行饲养。  4, fermentation 7 to 10 days, according to the nutritional needs of livestock formulated as a mixed feed for breeding.
实施例 17-经成型、 封存后的速生植物堆肥  Example 17 - Fast-growing plant compost after molding and storage
经成型、 封存后的速生植物堆肥的方法：  Method for composting fast-growing plants after forming and sealing:
1、 堆肥前将封存后取出来的植物成型饼、 棒或颗粒物， 进行破碎、 筛分、 混合成堆肥原料， 堆肥原料中按碳氮比 50 : 1〜3， 加入氮肥。 13 000755 1. Before composting, the plants, cakes or pellets taken out after storage will be crushed, sieved and mixed into compost raw materials. The composting materials are added with nitrogen and fertilizer according to a ratio of carbon to nitrogen of 50:1~3. 13 000755
29  29
2、 将复合益菌粉剂加水稀释 50〜100倍， 常温下培养 8〜12小时， 得菌液。 2. Dilute the compound beneficial bacteria powder with water 50~100 times, and culture at room temperature for 8~12 hours to obtain the bacterial solution.
3、将培养好的菌液喷洒在原料上， 每 10t堆肥原料使用 25〜50kg复合益菌 培养液， 原料湿度控制在 45〜60%， 通过加入生石灰调节 pH值为 6〜9。 3. Spray the cultured bacteria solution on the raw materials. Use 25~50kg of compound beneficial bacteria culture solution for each 10t composting material. The humidity of the raw materials is controlled at 45~60%. Adjust the pH value by adding lime to 6~9.
4、 将堆肥原料成堆， 上面覆盖薄膜进行密封发酵； 发酵时， 控制原料堆内 温度为 50〜60°C， 当温度高于 60°C时， 揭开覆盖薄膜， 适当进行翻堆通风、 喷 水降温。  4. The compost raw materials are piled up, and the upper cover film is used for sealing fermentation; during fermentation, the temperature inside the raw material pile is controlled to be 50~60 ° C, when the temperature is higher than 60 ° C, the cover film is uncovered, and the stacking ventilation is properly performed. Spray water to cool down.
5、 发酵 5〜7天后将堆肥原料翻堆， 翻堆时一边搅拌一边往堆肥原料中添 加复合益菌粉剂， 添加量为每 10t堆肥原料添加 25〜50kg复合益菌粉培养液， 堆肥原料湿度保持在 50〜60%之间， 温度高于 55Ό时， 揭幵覆盖薄膜， 适当进行 翻堆通风、 喷水降温。  5. After 5 to 7 days of fermentation, turn the compost raw materials into piles. Add the compound beneficial bacteria powder to the composting raw materials while stirring, add 25~50kg of compound beneficial bacteria powder per 10t composting raw materials, and compost the raw material humidity. Keep at 50~60%, when the temperature is higher than 55Ό, uncover the cover film, properly turn over the ventilation, spray water to cool down.
6、 夏天， 翻堆后 7〜10天堆肥原料进入后熟期； 冬天， 翻堆后 10〜15天 堆肥原料进入后熟期； 再堆放 7〜10天， 便完全降解腐熟。  6. In summer, 7~10 days after the pile is piled up, the compost material enters the post-maturing period; in winter, 10~15 days after the pile is piled up, the composting material enters the post-ripening period; after stacking for 7~10 days, it is completely decomposed and decomposed.
7、将完全腐熟后的堆肥摊开， 使其自然干燥或日晒， 水份控制在 30〜40%， 破碎后经 1〜3目筛网去除大颗粒即成堆肥成品。  7. Spread the fully decomposed compost so that it is naturally dry or sun-dried, and the water content is controlled at 30~40%. After crushing, remove the large particles into the compost finished product through the 1~3 mesh screen.

Claims

权利要求书 Claim
1、利用速生植物种植、成型、固碳封存与综合利用的方法， 降低大气中 co2 含量， 该方法包括： 1. Using rapid growth planting, forming, carbon sequestration and comprehensive utilization methods to reduce the content of co 2 in the atmosphere, the method includes:
( 1 )在选定的陆地区域或水体区域（包括淡水和海水）中种植和 /或培育速 生木本、 草本、 藻类、 地衣或苔藓植物；  (1) planting and/or cultivating fast-growing woody, herbaceous, algae, lichens or bryophytes in selected terrestrial or water-based areas, including freshwater and seawater;
(2) 在速生木本、 草本、 藻类、 地衣或苔藓植物经过一段时间生长到合适 砍伐、 收割或采收的高度或尺寸时， 进行砍伐、 收割或采收陆地区域或水体区域 中种植和 /或培育的速生植物； 速生木本植物收获的是树叶、 树枝和树干的地上 部分， 经过砍伐后的速生木本植物， 有部分品种可从树干上再次生长出树干、树 枝和树叶， 不能再次生长的木本植物需再次种植新的植株； 陆地区域种植和 /或 培育的速生草本植物，收割或采收后保留一定高度以便保留该草本植物的根以及 茎的下部分； 水体区域中种植和 /或培育的速生草本植物或速生藻类， 收割或采 收时在水体区域中保留一部分的草本植株或一部分的藻类； 陆地区域中种植和 / 或培育的地衣或苔藓， 收割或采收时在陆地区域中保留一部分的地衣或苔藓； (2) Harvesting, harvesting or harvesting of land areas or water bodies in fast-growing woody, herbaceous, algae, lichens or bryophytes when grown to a suitable height, or size for harvesting, harvesting or harvesting, and/or Or fast-growing plants; fast-growing woody plants harvest the aerial parts of leaves, branches, and trunks. After felling, fast-growing woody plants, some varieties can grow trunks, branches, and leaves from the trunk again, and cannot grow again. Woody plants need to be replanted with new plants; fast-growing herbaceous plants grown and/or cultivated in the land area, retained at a certain height after harvesting or harvesting in order to retain the roots of the herb and the lower part of the stem; planted in the water area and/or Or cultivated fast-growing herbaceous plants or fast-growing algae, which retain a portion of herbaceous plants or a portion of algae in the water body during harvesting or harvesting; lichens or moss grown and/or cultivated in land areas, harvested or harvested in land areas Retain a portion of the lichens or moss;
(3) 对于砍伐、 收割或采收的速生木本、 草本、 藻类、 地衣或苔藓植物进 行干燥， 优选自然干燥如晒干或风干， 以获得干燥的木本、 草本、 藻类、 地衣或 苔藓植物； (3) Drying, harvesting, harvesting or harvesting of fast-growing woody, herbaceous, algae, lichens or bryophytes, preferably drying naturally, such as drying or air drying, to obtain dried woody, herbaceous, algae, lichens or bryophytes ;
(4) 将干燥后的速生木本、 草本、 藻类、 地衣或苔藓植物加工成型， 优选 压缩成型， 以获得成型的颗粒状、 棒状、 柱状、 块状、 方形、 圆形、 三角形、 多 边形等多种立体几何形状的固体生物质；  (4) Processing the dried fast-growing woody, herbaceous, algae, lichens or bryophytes, preferably by compression molding, to obtain shaped pellets, rods, columns, blocks, squares, circles, triangles, polygons, etc. Solid biomass of solid geometry;
(5) 将干燥、 成型后的生物质运往储存库进行封存， 储存库可建在平原、 山地、 高原、 沙漠、 冰川、 永久性冻土地带等区域的地上或地下， 进行存放， 将 生物质碳长时间封存；  (5) The dried and shaped biomass is transported to a storage for storage. The storage can be stored on the ground or underground in areas such as plains, mountains, plateaus, deserts, glaciers, and permafrost zones, and the biomass is stored. Carbon is stored for a long time;
(6) 将干燥后的速生木本、 草本、 藻类、 地衣或苔藓植物进行综合利用， 生物质能源可固化加工成生物质成型燃料、生物质固硫型煤，或气化成生物质燃 气， 或液化成液化油， 或热解成生物质油； 或直接燃烧发电； 生物质还可转化为 化工产品、 造纸、 建筑材料、 包装材料、 饲料、 肥料。  (6) Comprehensive utilization of dried fast-growing woody, herbaceous, algae, lichens or bryophytes, which can be solidified into biomass-forming fuels, biomass-fixed sulfur coals, or gasified into biomass gas, or Liquefaction into liquefied oil, or pyrolysis into biomass oil; or direct combustion to generate electricity; biomass can also be converted into chemical products, paper, building materials, packaging materials, feed, fertilizer.
2、根据权利要求 1项的方法， 其中在步骤 (2)中砍伐木本植物时， 能再次生 长出树干、树枝和树叶的木本植物， 所保留的树干切口要整齐， 并对切口进行适 当处理， 加快伤口愈合， 促进树干上休眠芽萌发； 收割或采收在陆地区域中生长 的速生草本植物时， 所保留的 "茎的下部分" 至少具有一个节理， 优选 2-3个 节理， 以促进植物迅速发芽或长出新叶； 收割或采收藻类、 地衣或苔藓时， 所保 留的植株数量优选 20%以上。 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein when the woody plant is felled in step (2), it can be born again Woody plants that grow trunks, branches, and leaves, keep the trunk incisions neat, and properly treat the incisions to accelerate wound healing and promote germination of dead buds on the trunk; harvest or harvest fast-growing herbs growing in land areas In plants, the "lower part of the stem" retained has at least one joint, preferably 2-3 joints, to promote rapid germination or growth of new leaves; when the algae, lichens or moss are harvested or harvested, the plants are retained The amount is preferably 20% or more.
3、根据权利要求 1项的方法，其中在步骤（1)选定的陆地区域或水体区域中 种植和 /或培育速生木本、草本、藻类、地衣或苔藓植物或在步骤 (2)的进行砍伐、 收割或采收后的速生植物，进行肥水管理，通过灌溉和施肥来保持陆生区域土壤 中水分和养分的平衡，和通过施肥来保持水生区域中氮磷钾的合理含量，可在这 些区域中定期或周期性地 (多次)施用肥料 (如化肥或腐熟的有机肥）。  3. A method according to claim 1 wherein the planting and/or cultivating fast-growing woody, herbaceous, algae, lichens or bryophytes in the land or water area selected in step (1) or in step (2) Fast-growing plants after felling, harvesting or harvesting, management of fertilizer and water, irrigation and fertilization to maintain the balance of water and nutrients in the terrestrial soil, and fertilization to maintain a reasonable content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the aquatic zone. Fertilizers (such as fertilizers or decomposed organic fertilizers) are applied periodically or periodically (multiple times) in the area.
4、 根据权利要求 1-3项的方法， 其中步骤（1) - (6)或步骤 (2) - (6)能够重复 进行； 优选的是根据所述植物的生长高度或尺寸或植株大小 (如陆地区域生长的 速生木本、草本植物或水体区域生长的速生草本植物的生长高度或尺寸或植株大 小)或生长密度 (如藻类、 地衣或苔藓的生长密度）， 重复步骤 (2) - (6)。  4. A method according to claims 1-3, wherein steps (1) - (6) or steps (2) - (6) can be repeated; preferably based on the growth height or size or plant size of the plant ( Repeat steps (2) - (such as the growth height or size or plant size of fast-growing herbaceous plants grown in terrestrial areas, herbaceous plants or water bodies) or growth density (such as the growth density of algae, lichens or moss). 6).
5、根据权利要求 1-4项中任何一项所述的方法， 其中作为种植和 /或培育区 域 (或生长区域）的陆地区域或水体区域是指位于低纬度气候、中纬度气候、高纬 度气候的陆地区域 (如宜耕种的平地、 盆地、 丘陵、 不宜耕种的沙漠、 戈壁滩、 湿地或沼泽）， 淡水型的水体区域 (如淡水湖泊、 河流、 水库、 池塘、 沟渠）， 或 海洋区域如海岸附近的近海水域或海湾水域。  The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the land area or the water body area as the planting and/or cultivating area (or growth area) is located at a low latitude climate, a mid latitude climate, and a high latitude Land areas of the climate (such as arable land, basins, hills, uncultivable deserts, Gobi deserts, wetlands or swamps), freshwater waters (such as freshwater lakes, rivers, reservoirs, ponds, ditches), or marine areas Such as the offshore waters near the coast or the waters of the bay.
6、 根据权利要求 1-5项中任何一项所述的方法， 其中在步骤（1)中， 使用速 生桉、 黄葛树、 重阳木、 小叶榕、 柳树、 法桐、 梧桐、 榔榆、 合欢、 杞柳或沙柳 作为木本植物， 用它们的根或茎杆进行无性繁殖； 或使用香樟、 黄葛树、 刺槐、 梧桐、 苦楝、 合欢、 枫杨、 喜树、 女贞、 银桦、 柳杉或蒲葵作为木本植物， 用它 们的种子进行繁殖； 或使用狼尾草、 象草、 皇竹草、 甜象草、 杂交狼尾草、 空心 莲子草、 豚草、 芦苇、 荻、 大米草、 互花米草、 狐米草、 大绳草、 海王神草、 喜 盐草、 海菖蒲、 假高粱、 龙须草、 凤眼莲或水藻作为速生草本植物， 用它们的根 或茎杆进行无性繁殖； 或使用香根草、黑麦草、苏丹草、假高粱、墨西哥玉米草、 青蒿、加拿大一枝黄花、松香草、聚合草、紫花苜蓿、 山苦荬、沙打旺、籽粒苋、 欧洲菊苣、稗或草高粱作为速生草本植物，用它们的种子进行繁殖；或使用蓝藻、 绿藻或硅藻作为淡水藻类， 以***生殖来繁殖后代； 或使用褐藻、 巨藻或大叶藻 作为海水藻类， 以孢子生殖来繁衍后代。 The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein in the step (1), the fast-growing scorpion, the scutellaria, the sapling, the sassafras, the willow, the paulownia, the paulownia, the scorpion, the acacia, Tamarix or Salix psammophila as woody plants, vegetatively propagated with their roots or stems; or use camphor, arborvitae, hedgehog, phoenix tree, bitter buckwheat, acacia, maple eucalyptus, camptotheca, privet, silver birch, cedar or As a woody plant, the sunflower is propagated with their seeds; or using Pennisetum, grassy, yarrow, sweet grass, hybrid pennisetum, algae, ragweed, reed, alfalfa, rice grass, mutual Flower rice grass, fox grass, big rope grass, sea king grass, hi salt grass, sea iris, fake sorghum, Eulaliopsis, water hyacinth or algae as fast-growing herb, vegetatively propagated with their roots or stems Or use vetiver, ryegrass, sudangrass, fake sorghum, Mexican corn grass, Artemisia annua L., Solidago canadensis, pine vanilla, polymeric grass, alfalfa, mountain bitter, sand sorghum, amaranth, gerbera Borage, alfalfa or grass sorghum as a fast-growing herb, using their seeds for reproduction; or using cyanobacteria, Chlorella or diatoms are used as freshwater algae to breed offspring by splitting reproduction; or using brown algae, macroalgae or big leaf algae as seaweeds, and spore reproduction to progeny.
7、 根据权利要求 1-6中任何一项所述的方法， 还包括：  7. The method of any of claims 1-6, further comprising:
( 7 ) 速生植物干燥、 压缩成型的方法， 该方法包括下列子步骤：  (7) A method for drying and compression molding of fast-growing plants, the method comprising the following sub-steps:
(al ) 将收获的速生植物自然风干或日晒， 降低植物含水量；  (al) Naturally drying the harvested fast-growing plants or reducing the water content of the plants;
( 2 )经自然风干的速生植物用粉碎机进行粉碎，粉碎后植物颗粒长 3〜5cm; (2) The fast-growing plants that have been naturally air-dried are pulverized by a pulverizer, and the granules are 3 to 5 cm long after pulverization;
(a3 ) 植物颗粒送入烤房内进行加热烘干， 使植物含水量低于 10%; (a3) The plant granules are sent to the baking room for heating and drying, so that the water content of the plant is less than 10%;
(a4 )干燥后的植物颗粒利用生物质成型机， 在温度 150〜300°C、 压力 4〜 10Mpa、 含水量 4〜10%下挤压成型；  (a4) the dried plant particles are extruded by a biomass molding machine at a temperature of 150 to 300 ° C, a pressure of 4 to 10 MPa, and a water content of 4 to 10%;
(a5 ) 成型后的植物型材， 冷却 8〜12h后进行包装 （含真空包装）、 封存， 防止回潮崩解。  (a5) After molding, the plant profiles are cooled (8 hours to 12 hours) and then packaged (including vacuum packaging) and sealed to prevent resurgence.
8、 根据权利要求 1-7中任何一项所述的方法， 还包括：  8. The method of any of claims 1-7, further comprising:
(8 ) 速生植物成型材料封存的方法， 该方法包括下列子步骤：  (8) A method of storage of fast-growing plant molding materials, the method comprising the following sub-steps:
(bl ) 将速生植物成型材料水份控制在 10%以内， 温度不超过室温， 无霉变 物， 用塑料袋密封储存或真空包装储存， 抑制霉菌繁殖；  (bl) Control the moisture of the fast-growing plant molding materials to within 10%, the temperature does not exceed room temperature, no mildew, store in a plastic bag or store in vacuum packaging to inhibit mold growth;
( b2) 选择低温、 干燥、 通风的封存环境， 要求相对湿度低于 60%、 温度低 于 10Ό或相对湿度低于 40%， 温度低于 25°C ; ( b2) Select a low temperature, dry, ventilated storage environment, requiring relative humidity below 60%, temperature below 10 Ό or relative humidity below 40%, temperature below 25 ° C ;
(b3 ) 封存前也可先对速生植物成型材料进行防霉处理， 常用的防霉剂有， 苯甲酸和苯甲酸钠、 双乙酸钠、 富马酸及其醋类、 丙酸及其盐类、 山梨酸及其盐 类；  (b3) Anti-mold treatment of fast-growing plant molding materials can also be carried out before storage. Common anti-fungal agents are benzoic acid and sodium benzoate, sodium diacetate, fumaric acid and its vinegar, propionic acid and its salts. Sorbic acid and its salts;
(b4 ) 速生植物成型材料与封存仓库， 均可用紫外线照射杀灭霉菌和真菌； 定期进行通风与紫外线照射， 防止植物成型材料霉变和崩解；  (b4) Fast-growing plant molding materials and storage warehouses can be killed by ultraviolet radiation to kill mold and fungi; Regular ventilation and ultraviolet radiation to prevent mildew and disintegration of plant molding materials;
( b5 )成型材料根据储存季节、 储存年限、 以后的用途， 定期对仓库进行消 毒、 杀虫、 灭鼠， 保持推陈贮新， 先进先出的原则；  ( b5 ) According to the storage season, storage period and future use, the molding materials shall regularly disinfect the warehouse, kill insects, kill the rats, keep the new storage, and the principle of first-in-first-out;
(b6) 做好封存点防火工作。  (b6) Do a good job of fire prevention at the storage site.
9、 根据权利要求 1-8中任何一项所述的方法， 还包括：  9. The method of any of claims 1-8, further comprising:
( 9 ) 经成型、 封存后的速生植物固硫型煤加工的方法， 该方法包括下列子 步骤：  (9) A method for processing a fast-growing plant sulfur-fixed briquette after forming and sealing, the method comprising the following sub-steps:
( cl )将原煤和准备掺入的速生植物成型材料、 生石灰分别进行烘干， 烘干 后原煤含水量小于 2%， 成型速生植物含水量小于 10%， 生石灰含水量小于 3%;( cl ) drying and drying the raw coal and the fast-growing plant molding material and quicklime to be blended separately The moisture content of the post-raw coal is less than 2%, the water content of the formed fast-growing plant is less than 10%, and the moisture content of the quicklime is less than 3%;
(c2) 将干燥后的原煤粉碎过筛， 使过筛后原煤颗粒直径小于 3mm; (c2) crushing the dried raw coal through sieving, so that the diameter of the raw coal after sieving is less than 3 mm ;
(c3) 将干燥后的成型速生植物粉碎过筛， 使过筛后的植物长度小于 3mm; (c3) pulverizing the formed fast-growing plant after drying, so that the length of the sieved plant is less than 3 mm ;
(c4) 将干燥后的生石灰粉碎过筛， 使过筛后的生石灰粉颗粒直径小于 0. lmm; The sifted lime-grain granules having a diameter of less than 0. lmm;
(c5)将原煤粉、 植物颗粒、 生石灰粉按质量比 75〜80： 10〜15: 5〜10混 合， 混合物总含水量小于 5%; (c5) mixing raw coal powder, plant particles, quicklime powder by mass ratio of 75~80: 10~15 : 5~10, the total water content of the mixture is less than 5%;
(c6)将混合物送到成型固化机，在压力 0.5〜5t/m2挤压下，形成固硫型煤。(c6) The mixture is sent to a molding and curing machine to form a sulfur-fixed coal under pressure of 0.5 to 5 t/m 2 .
10、 根据权利要求 1-9中任何一项所述的方法， 还包括： 10. The method of any of claims 1-9, further comprising:
(10)所述经成型、 封存后的速生植物直接燃烧发电的方法， 该方法包括下 列子歩骤- (10) A method for directly burning power generation of a fast-growing plant after molding and storage, the method comprising the following sub-steps -
(dl)将封存后取出来的速生植物成型饼、棒或颗粒物由输送装置送到给料 机， 给料机将燃料送入炉膛内进行燃烧； (dl) feeding the fast-growing plant-formed cake, stick or pellets taken out after storage to the feeder by the conveying device, and feeding the fuel into the furnace for combustion;
(d2) 速生植物燃烧产生的热量传递给锅炉内的水；  (d2) The heat generated by the burning of fast-growing plants is transferred to the water in the boiler;
(d3)水加热后， 部分成为水蒸汽进入汽轮发电机， 水蒸汽推动汽轮发电机 旋转发电；  (d3) After the water is heated, part of the water vapor enters the turbine generator, and the water vapor drives the turbo generator to generate electricity;
(d4)汽轮发电机内冷凝后收集的水和蒸汽再次回到锅炉加热， 循环利用推 动汽轮机重复做功， 不停的发电。  (d4) The water and steam collected after condensation in the turbine generator are returned to the boiler for heating again, and the cycle is used to push the steam turbine to repeat work and continuously generate electricity.
11、 根据权利要求 1-10中任何一项所述的方法， 还包括：  11. The method of any of claims 1-10, further comprising:
(11)所述经成型、封存后的速生植物制备半纤维素的方法， 该方法包括下 列子步骤：  (11) A method for preparing hemicellulose by the formed and sealed fast-growing plant, the method comprising the following substeps:
(el)将封存后取出来的植物成型饼、 棒或颗粒物粉碎， 经 5〜10目筛网去 除大颗粒；  (el) pulverizing the plant-formed cake, stick or pellets taken out after storage, and removing the large particles through a 5~10 mesh screen;
(e2) 粉碎后的植物颗粒在 55〜60°C条件下干燥 15〜18h;  (e2) The pulverized plant granules are dried at 55 to 60 ° C for 15 to 18 hours;
(e3) 干燥后的植物颗粒与乙醇甲苯按体积比 1.8〜2.2： 1， 抽提 5〜7h; (e3) The dried plant particles and ethanol toluene are in a volume ratio of 1.8 to 2.2:1, and extracted for 5 to 7 hours ;
(e4)脱蜡后的植物颗粒， 按 lg原料中加 25ml 2%的 02的固液比混合， 在 温度 45〜50°C、 PH值 11.5〜12.5下浸泡 15〜18h; (e4) plant particles after dewaxing, according to lg raw materials plus 25ml 2% of the solid-liquid ratio of 0 2 , soaked at a temperature of 45~50 ° C, pH 11.5~12.5 15~18h;
(e5)抽取的滤液用 6mol/L的 HC1中和到 PH值 5.5， 然后加入 3倍体积的 70%的乙醇， 获得沉淀的小团状物； ( e6) 经过滤获得沉淀物， 再加入 70%的乙醇洗涤并干燥， 获得半纤维素。(e5) The extracted filtrate was neutralized to a pH of 5.5 with 6 mol/L of HC1, and then 3 volumes of 70% ethanol were added to obtain a precipitated small group; (e6) A precipitate was obtained by filtration, washed with 70% ethanol and dried to obtain hemicellulose.
12、 根据权利要求 1-11中任何一项所述的方法， 还包括： 12. The method of any of claims 1-11, further comprising:
( 12 )所述经成型、封存后的速生植物制备成乙醇燃料的方法， 该方法包括 下列子步骤：  (12) A method for preparing a fast-growing plant after molding and storage into an ethanol fuel, the method comprising the following substeps:
( Π ) 将封存后取出来的速生植物成型饼、 棒或颗粒物粉碎为直径 2〜3cm 的小颗粒；  ( Π ) pulverizing the fast-growing plant-formed cake, stick or pellets taken out after storage into small particles of 2 to 3 cm in diameter;
( f2)将准备好的速生植物颗粒物进行蒸汽加热， 当料温达到 100°C后维持 2〜 5min;  (f2) steaming the prepared fast-growing plant particles, and maintaining the temperature after the temperature reaches 100 ° C for 2 to 5 minutes;
( f3 ) 料温冷却至 40〜50°C时接种发酵菌， 优选热纤梭菌； 接种量为原料 质量的 0. 1〜0. 3%， 菌种接种前活化 24h;  ( 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。
( f4) 接种后的原料投入发酵池， 池温控制在 18〜20°C ; 优选方案是先在 池底铺一层干料， 摊平后再将接种后的原料填满池， 填料时沿壁将原料踩实， 以 排净发酵池内氧气， 再覆盖塑料布和干燥谷壳、 稻草等保温材料； 发酵温度控制 在 20〜40Ό， 发酵前期 12h内升温比较慢； 发酵中期的 24h内升温比较快， 需 适当揭开保温材料， 降温； 发酵后期的 36h需要将温度稳定在 30〜40'C， 促进 纤维更多的分解； (f4) The inoculated raw materials are put into the fermentation tank, and the temperature of the pool is controlled at 18~20 °C . The preferred scheme is to first lay a layer of dry material at the bottom of the pool, and then fill the pool with the inoculated raw materials after filling. The material is stepped on the wall to drain the oxygen in the fermentation tank, and then covered with plastic cloth and dry chaff, straw and other insulation materials; the fermentation temperature is controlled at 20~40Ό, the temperature rises slowly within 12h before the fermentation; Fast, need to properly open the insulation material, cooling; 36h later in the fermentation needs to stabilize the temperature at 30~40'C, to promote more decomposition of the fiber;
( f5 )发酵结束后出池蒸馏，蒸馏采用我国传统的蒸酒方法；通过酒醅蒸馏， 使乙醇逐渐冷热交换，汽液交换，使乙醇得到浓缩，熘出液的乙醇浓度由高到低。 优选方案是蒸馏开始时用汽要缓， 到馏出液的乙醇浓度较低时， 要开大汽门， 大 汽追尾。  (f5) After the fermentation, the pool is distilled, and the traditional steaming method is adopted for distillation; the alcohol is gradually exchanged by the wine cellar, and the ethanol is gradually exchanged, so that the ethanol is concentrated, and the ethanol concentration of the liquid is high to low. . The preferred solution is to use steam to slow down at the beginning of the distillation, and to open the large steam gate and the steam rear-end when the ethanol concentration of the distillate is low.
13、 根据权利要求 1-12中任何一项所述的方法， 还包括：  13. The method of any of claims 1-12, further comprising:
( 13)经成型、 封存后的速生植物制备成醇基燃料的方法， 该方法包括下列 子步骤- (13) A method for preparing an alcohol-based fuel by forming and sealing a fast-growing plant, the method comprising the following substeps -
(gl )将封存后取出来的植物成型饼、 棒或颗粒物粉碎， 经 2〜3目筛网去 除大颗粒； (gl) pulverizing the plant-formed cake, stick or granules taken out after storage, and removing the large granules through a 2~3 mesh screen;
(g2) 将粉碎后的植物纤维加入清水浸泡预处理 30min;  (g2) adding the pulverized plant fiber to water for 30 min;
( g3 ) 加入磷钨酸调节 PH值至 5. 5;  (g3) adding phosphotungstic acid to adjust the pH to 5. 5;
(g4) 加入纤维素酶， 温度维持在 50°C， 发酵 36h;  (g4) adding cellulase, maintaining the temperature at 50 ° C, fermentation for 36 h;
( g5 ) 水解发酵结束后纤维素全部分解， 过滤固体催化剂， 脱水浓缩 葡萄糖溶液； ( g5 ) After the hydrolysis fermentation, the cellulose is completely decomposed, the solid catalyst is filtered, and dehydrated and concentrated. Glucose solution;
(g6) 先在高压反应釜中预先加入镍触媒， 再加入葡萄糖溶液并搅拌 5min， 搅拌速度 250r/min， 卩1值8.2；  (g6) First, a nickel catalyst is added in advance in the autoclave, and then the glucose solution is added and stirred for 5 minutes, the stirring speed is 250r/min, and the value of 卩1 is 8.2;
(g7) 加入 H2， 压力 4.5Mpa， 温度 150°C， 搅拌速度 250r/min， 反应 30 min; (g7) adding H 2 , pressure 4.5Mpa, temperature 150 ° C, stirring speed 250r / min, reaction 30 min;
(g8)加入磷钨酸，醇酐摩尔比为 2: 1，催化剂用量为酸酐用量的 1.2%， 温度 125°C， 氢气压力 1.6 Mpa， 搅拌速度 250r/min， 反应 2.2h;  (g8) adding phosphotungstic acid, the molar ratio of alcohol anhydride is 2: 1, the amount of the catalyst is 1.2% of the amount of the anhydride, the temperature is 125 ° C, the hydrogen pressure is 1.6 Mpa, the stirring speed is 250 r / min, the reaction is 2.2 h;
(g9) 过滤固体催化剂， 加入二甲亚砜蒸镏脱水。  (g9) The solid catalyst was filtered, and dehydrated by adding dimethyl sulfoxide.
(glO) 得到成品醇基燃料成品， 含有甲醇、 乙醇、 二甲醚、 羟基戊酸 甲酯等。  (glO) A finished alcohol-based fuel product containing methanol, ethanol, dimethyl ether, methyl hydroxyvalerate, and the like.
14、 根据权利要求 1-13中任何一项所述的方法， 还包括：  14. The method of any of claims 1-13, further comprising:
(14)经成型、封存后的速生植物加工成纤维板的方法， 该方法包括下列子 步骤：  (14) A method for processing a fast-growing plant after molding and sealing into a fiberboard, the method comprising the following substeps:
(hi)将封存后取出来的植物成型饼、 棒或颗粒物， 去除霉变、 腐败部分后 粉碎， 经 1〜2目筛网去除大颗粒；  (hi) forming the cake, rod or pellet obtained from the plant after storage, removing the mildew and spoilage parts, crushing, and removing the large particles through a 1~2 mesh screen;
(h2) 将过筛后的原材料通过震动筛去除泥沙和粉末；  (h2) removing the sediment and powder from the sieved raw material through a vibrating sieve;
(h3) 筛选干净后的原料经干燥， 使纤维含水量为 3〜5%；  (h3) The cleaned raw material is dried to make the water content of the fiber 3 to 5%;
(h4) 将偶联剂稀释后在拌胶机中喷洒到原料表面， 偶联剂用量为 0.15%; (h4) After the coupling agent is diluted, it is sprayed on the surface of the raw material in the mixer, and the amount of the coupling agent is 0.15%;
(h5)喷洒偶联剂后原料含水量超过 5%时， 干燥后再添用量为 10%的改性三 聚氰胺脲醛树脂胶粘剂， 和用量为 0.13〜0.17%的防水剂石蜡乳液； (h5) When the water content of the raw material after spraying the coupling agent exceeds 5%, a modified melamine urea-formaldehyde resin adhesive of 10% is added after drying, and a water-repellent paraffin emulsion of 0.13 to 0.17% is used;
(h6)施胶原料铺装后热压成型，热压温度 150〜160°C，板坯密度 30kg/m3， 长宽规格和厚度可根据需要来确定， 厚度通常为 8〜10cm， 板坯含水量 4〜6%；(h6) Hot-pressing after sizing raw material paving, hot pressing temperature 150~160°C, slab density 30kg/m 3 , length and width specifications and thickness can be determined according to needs, thickness is usually 8~10cm, slab Water content 4~6%;
(h7)板坯经 48h以上冷却定型后， 再进行板坯表面处理和切边， 即达到成 品板要求。 (h7) After the slab is cooled and shaped for more than 48 hours, the surface of the slab is treated and trimmed to achieve the requirements of the finished board.
15、 根据权利要求 1-14中任何一项所述的方法， 还包括：  15. The method of any of claims 1-14, further comprising:
(15)经成型、封存后的速生植物加工成饲料的方法， 该方法包括下列子步 骤：  (15) A method for processing a fast-growing plant after forming and sealing into a feed, the method comprising the following substeps:
(il)将封存后取出来的植物成型饼、 棒或颗粒物， 去除霉变、 腐败部分后 粉碎， 经 2〜3目筛网去除大颗粒， 增加家畜适口性；  (il) planting cakes, sticks or granules taken out after storage, removing moldy and spoiled parts, crushing them, removing large particles through a 2~3 mesh screen, and increasing the palatability of livestock;
(i2)过筛后的速生植物粉颗中加 10%的玉米粉， 且每吨成型速生植物粉颗 中加入 2〜3 克秸秆发酵干菌混合； (i2) 10% corn flour is added to the fast-growing plant powder after sieving, and the fast-growing plant powder is formed per ton. Add 2~3 grams of straw fermentation bacteria to mix;
( 13)混合后加入质量比 35〜45%的井水或无氯自来水搅拌均匀，达到手握 成团、 落地即散， 然后放在发酵池里、 一层一层压实后密封； 发酵温度控制在 20〜40 V， 当温度高于 4(TC时， 将速生植物粉颗翻动通风；  (13) After mixing, add well water or chlorine-free tap water with a mass ratio of 35~45%, stir evenly, reach the group by hand, land and disperse, then put it in the fermentation tank, seal it layer by layer; Controlled at 20~40 V, when the temperature is higher than 4 (TC, the fast-growing plant powder is turned and ventilated;
( 14) 发酵 7〜10天， 根据家畜的营养需要配制成混合饲料进行饲养。 (14) Fermentation 7 to 10 days, according to the nutritional needs of livestock, mixed feed for breeding.
16、 根据权利要求 1-15中任何一项所述的方法， 还包括： 16. The method of any of claims 1-15, further comprising:
( 16) 经成型、 封存后的速生植物堆肥方法，该方法包括下列子歩骤： ( jl )堆肥前将封存后取出来的植物成型饼、棒或颗粒物，迸行破碎、筛分、 混合成堆肥原料， 堆肥原料中按碳氮比 50: 1〜3， 加入氮肥；  (16) A method for composting a fast-growing plant after being formed and sealed, the method comprising the following sub-steps: (jl) forming a cake, a stick or a pellet of the plant taken out after being sealed, compensating, crushing, sieving, mixing Composting raw materials, composting raw materials according to carbon to nitrogen ratio of 50: 1~3, adding nitrogen fertilizer;
( j2 )将复合益菌粉剂加水稀释 50〜100倍， 常温下培养 8〜12小时， 得菌 液；  ( j2 ) The compound beneficial bacteria powder is diluted with water by 50 to 100 times, and cultured at room temperature for 8 to 12 hours to obtain a bacterial solution;
( j3) 将培养好的菌液喷洒在原料上， 每 10t堆肥原料使用 25〜50kg复合 益菌培养液， 原料湿度控制在 45〜60%， 通过加入生石灰调节 pH值为 6〜9； ( j3) spraying the cultured bacterial liquid on the raw material, using 25~50kg of compound beneficial bacteria culture solution per 10t composting raw material, the humidity of the raw material is controlled at 45~60%, and adjusting the pH value by adding lime to 6~9;
( j4) 将堆肥原料成堆， 上面覆盖薄膜进行密封发酵； 发酵时， 控制原料 堆内温度为 50〜60Ό， 当温度高于 60°C时， 揭幵覆盖薄膜， 适当进行翻堆通风、 喷水降温； ( j4) The compost raw materials are piled up and covered with a film for sealing fermentation; during fermentation, the temperature in the raw material stack is controlled to be 50 to 60 Ό, and when the temperature is higher than 60 ° C, the covering film is exposed, and the stacking ventilation and spraying are appropriately performed. Water cooling;
( j5 )发酵 5〜7天后将堆肥原料翻堆， 翻堆时一边搅拌一边往堆肥原料中 添加复合益菌粉剂， 添加量为每 10t堆肥原料添加 25〜50kg复合益菌粉剂培养 液， 堆肥原料湿度保持在 50〜60%之间， 温度高于 55°C时， 揭开覆盖薄膜， 适当 进行翻堆通风、 喷水降温；  ( j5 ) After 5 to 7 days of fermentation, the compost raw materials are turned over. When the pile is turned over, the compound beneficial bacteria powder is added to the compost raw materials while adding, and the added amount is 25~50kg of compound beneficial bacteria powder culture solution per 10t compost raw material, and the composting raw materials are added. The humidity is maintained between 50% and 60%. When the temperature is higher than 55 °C, the cover film is uncovered, and the stacking ventilation and water spray are appropriately cooled;
( j6) 夏天， 翻堆后 7〜10天堆肥原料进入后熟期； 冬天， 翻堆后 10〜15 天堆肥原料进入后熟期； 再堆放 7〜10天， 便完全降解腐熟；  ( j6) In summer, 7~10 days after the pile is piled up, the composting material enters the post-maturing period; in winter, 10~15 days after the pile is piled up, the composting material enters the post-maturing period; after stacking for 7 to 10 days, it is completely decomposed and decomposed;
( J7 ) 将完全腐熟后的堆肥摊开， 使其自然干燥或晒干， 水份控制在 30〜 40%, 破碎后经 1〜3目筛网去除大颗粒即成堆肥成品。  ( J7 ) Spread the fully decomposed compost, let it dry or dry naturally, and control the water to 30~ 40%. After crushing, remove the large particles into the compost finished product through the 1~3 mesh screen.
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