CN104478593A - Special organic soil for vegetable seedling culture - Google Patents
Special organic soil for vegetable seedling culture Download PDFInfo
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- CN104478593A CN104478593A CN201410774306.2A CN201410774306A CN104478593A CN 104478593 A CN104478593 A CN 104478593A CN 201410774306 A CN201410774306 A CN 201410774306A CN 104478593 A CN104478593 A CN 104478593A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F5/00—Fertilisers from distillery wastes, molasses, vinasses, sugar plant or similar wastes or residues, e.g. from waste originating from industrial processing of raw material of agricultural origin or derived products thereof
- C05F5/002—Solid waste from mechanical processing of material, e.g. seed coats, olive pits, almond shells, fruit residue, rice hulls
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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Abstract
The invention discloses a special organic soil for vegetable seedling culture and belongs to the technical field of soilless culture. The raw material formula of the organic soil contains the following ingredients in parts by volume: 3-5 parts of aged agaricus bisporus sward mixture, 2-3 parts of mixed organic material of vinegar residue and cassava residue which are subjected to composting and fermenting, 1-2 parts of coco coir, 1-2 parts of river/pond sludge or frozen soil or humus soil, 1-2 parts of plant ash, 0.5-1 part of vermiculite and 0.5-1 part of pearlite; in addition, a ternary compound fertilizer, of which the weight is 0.1-0.3% of the total weight, is added; according to the organic soil, the content of total nutrients is 2.5-3.5%, the content of organic matters is not lower than 20%, the moisture content is 35-50%, the total porosity is 65-75%, the volume weight is 0.2-0.8g/cm<3>, the gas-water ratio is 1:(2-4), the EC value is not greater than 2.5sM/cm, the pH is 5.8-7.0, the grain size is not greater than 5mm, and granules with the grain size of 2-4mm account for 50-60%. The organic soil is granular solid of which the appearance is dark-brown or black-brown, and is odorless. The special organic soil for the vegetable seedling culture, disclosed by the invention, is loose in texture and high in nutrient, does not float during watering and is applicable to the majority of vegetable plug seedling culture.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Nutrition Soil of vegetable soilless culture, particularly relate to the special organophilic clay of a kind of grow seedlings of vegetable, belong to vegetable soilless culture technical field.
Background technology
Soilless culture, refer to and carry out the method for cultivating without natural soil with matrix or nutrition liquid irrigation, be mainly used in the arvicultures such as vegetables, be a water-saving, economize the high yield and high quality modern technique of fertile saving of labor again, this technique functions comes from 19th century, the thirties in 20th century starts to be applied to agriculture production, and the countries use such as Holland, Japan, New Zealand, Italy are relatively more extensive, more than 100 the countries use development in the whole world of current cultivation technique without soil.
China's cultivation technique without soil research and apply is started late, but more original cultivation technique without soil is with a long history, and raw bean sprouts, kind narcissus be (just having in the Song dynasty to evening) on the books early.But more regular scientific research and production application are then the things of nearly decades.Shandong Agricultural University started in 1975, with vermiculite culture watermelon, cucumber, tomato etc., all to succeed.Within 1985, in academy of agricultural sciences of Hebei province Vegetable Research Institute, held national soilless culture meeting, set up Chinese soilless culture group, and held nationwide academic discussion in 1986,1987, attendant reaches hundred people.In May, 1988, first Chinese has attended the annual meeting of the 7th the international soilless culture association held in Holland, and has at the meeting delivered paper, causes the attention of a lot of country.
Substrate culture is most widely used a kind of mode in cultivation technique without soil.It is fixed in the matrix of organic or inorganic by the root system of crop, by the method for drip irrigation or trickle irrigation, and the nutrition that supply crop growth needs and moisture.Along with applying of cultivation technique without soil, supporting non-soil culture technology is also arisen at the historic moment, Chaoyang District, Beijing City, the quantity of non-soil culture in 1987, and accounted for 33.5% of total nursery quantity, many places achieve Vegetables Factory Plantation Growing Seedlings.Seedling medium is the indispensable raw material of industrial seedling rearing, and it is the dedicated substrate needing preparation according to seedling development.At present, domestic and international application the most widely seedling medium is for main raw material with peat, rock wool, vermiculite, perlite, mushroom slag, wood sawdust, reed, fine sand, cinder, straw powder etc., formulated with the mixture of one or several raw materials, Chinese patent CN1128573C discloses Jiangsu Science & Engineering Univ. Li Ping duckweed etc. and utilizes reed as the license document of botanical seedling culturing and cultivation matrix; Chinese patent CN1244265C discloses Nanjing Vegetalbe and Flower Science Inst. and utilizes Chinese medicine slag as the license document of vegetable seedling substrate; Chinese patent CN100441090C discloses the license document of the melon vegetable grow seedling ground substance that Ningxia Zhongqing Agricultural Science and Technology Co. Ltd. utilizes fermentation cow dung to make for main raw material; Chinese patent CN101433176 B discloses Xinjiang academy of agricultural sciences and utilizes mushroom slag as the license document of seedling medium, and specifically discloses this matrix components parts by volume and be: mushroom slag 1-3, vermiculite 1-2, perlite 1-2, fermentation assistant 0.0001-0.0005; Chinese patent CN101627706 B discloses Yangzhou University and utilize wormcast as the Patent Application Publication of the main raw material of seedling medium in January, 2011; Chinese patent CN102432394 B discloses the license document that Zhenjiang Pei Lei matrix company utilizes acid-sludge production seedling substrate for soilless culture for vegetables in July, 2013.
In sum, existing domestic seedling medium production unit is mainly using vermiculite, perlite, mud (grass) charcoal and animal excrement, reed, Chinese medicine slag, mushroom slag etc. as seedling medium raw material.But peat originates in northeast, resource is tight, can not regenerate, and the enterprise in Jiangsu uses peat cost very high; The particles such as reed, Chinese medicine slag, mushroom slag are large, need grinding and processing; Although animal excrement are nutritious, there is quantity few, collect the deficiencies such as difficulty, be difficult to the needs meeting industrial seedling rearing.Jiangsu University Li Ping duckweed etc. utilizes vinegar grain to produce the technical scheme of botanical seedling culturing and cultivation matrix, and because of relatively morning time proposed, some production technique are not overripened, and are mainly used as vegetable growing, not the special seedling medium of stricti jurise.Document retrieval finds, with old Twospore Mushroom sward compound, be main raw material through the acid-sludge of fermentation reactor system process, the organic waste such as manioc waste mixing organic materials and coconut palm chaff, the special organophilic clay of grow seedlings of vegetable being auxiliary material with river embankment mud or frozen soil or vegetable mould etc. is domestic there is not yet relevant report.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is for the deficiencies in the prior art, there is provided a kind of with old Twospore Mushroom sward compound, be main raw material through the acid-sludge of fermentation reactor system process, the organic waste such as manioc waste mixing organic materials and coconut palm chaff, with river embankment mud or frozen soil or vegetable mould etc. for auxiliary material, produce the scheme of the special organophilic clay of grow seedlings of vegetable.
Technical scheme of the present invention is achieved in the following ways:
The special organophilic clay of a kind of grow seedlings of vegetable, its composition of raw materials volume components part is: old Twospore Mushroom sward compound 3-5 part, through acid-sludge, manioc waste mixing organic materials 2-3 part of fermentation reactor system process, coconut palm chaff 1-2 part, river embankment mud or frozen soil or vegetable mould 1-2 part, carbonization cavings 1-2 part, vermiculite 0.5-1 part, perlite 0.5-1 part; Add the Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium of gross weight 0.1-0.3% in addition; The total nutrient content 2.5-3.5% of this organophilic clay, organic content>=20%, water content 35-50%, total porosity 65-75%, unit weight 0.2-0.8g/cm
3, gas-water ratio is 1:2-4, EC value≤2.5mS/cm, pH is 5.8-7.0, and particle diameter≤5mm, wherein 2-4mm accounts for 50-60%.
Described fermentation reactor system process is taken shelter from rain in booth at fermenter or sunlight board, adopt fermenting agent to carry out decomposition reactor system fermentative processing to acid-sludge, manioc waste, fermentation time is 30-60 days, according to season and temperature adjustment, once, turning in 4-5 days winter once in turning in 1-2 days summer.
Described fermenting agent is pulvis, is made up of actinomycetes, yeast, milk-acid bacteria, genus bacillus, effective active bacterial content 0.5-1 hundred million units/gram, and wherein actinomycetes account for 40-60%; Consumption is that every 100m3 raw material adds microbial inoculum 40-60kg.
The mushroom culture medium that described old Twospore Mushroom sward compound is is main raw material with rice wheat straw, the waste material stayed after mushroom mycelium growth output mushroom, nature composting more than 1 year and through fully becoming thoroughly decomposed, the brown Twospore Mushroom sward mixing organic materials that recycling daylight dries, obtains after mechanical disintegration process, sward volume ratio is 3-5:1.
The tankage of described acid-sludge Shi Zhi vinegar enterprise, water content 60-70%, pH3.9-4.1, EC value is 2.5-4.5mS/cm; Described manioc waste is the tankage after cassava materials extracts alcohol, water content 55-65%; Described coconut palm chaff be domestic or import coconut palm brick add water carry out expansion process after the moistening material that formed, the coefficient of expansion is 4-6, water content 40-50%, particle diameter 1-6mm.
Described river embankment mud, frozen soil, vegetable mould are the solid particle material after drying, pulverize, sieve processing, granularity 0-3mm; Described carbonization cavings is the granule materials of ashes through pulverizing, sieving stayed after rice grain husks carbonization, particle diameter 0-2mm.
Described total nutrient is N+P
2o
5+ K
2o.
This organophilic clay volume ratio of preferably filling a prescription is: old Twospore Mushroom sward compound 4 parts, through acid-sludge, the manioc waste mixing organic materials 2.5 parts of fermentation reactor system process, coconut palm chaff 1.5 parts, river embankment mud or frozen soil or vegetable mould 1.5 parts, carbonization cavings 1.5 parts, vermiculite 0.75 part, perlite 0.75 part; Add the Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium of gross weight 0.2% in addition.
This organophilic clay another kind formula volume ratio is: old Twospore Mushroom sward compound 3 parts, through acid-sludge, the manioc waste mixing organic materials 2 parts of fermentation reactor system process, coconut palm chaff 1 part, river embankment mud or frozen soil or vegetable mould 1 part, carbonization cavings 1 part, vermiculite 0.5 part, perlite 0.5 part; Add the Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium of gross weight 0.1% in addition;
This organophilic clay another kind formula volume ratio is: old Twospore Mushroom sward compound 5 parts, through acid-sludge, the manioc waste mixing organic materials 3 parts of fermentation reactor system process, coconut palm chaff 2 parts, river embankment mud or frozen soil or vegetable mould 2 parts, carbonization cavings 2 parts, vermiculite 1 part, perlite 1 part; Add the Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium of gross weight 0.3% in addition;
The preferred physical and chemical index of this organophilic clay is: total nutrient content 3%, organic content 25%, water content 45%, total porosity 70%, unit weight 0.5g/cm
3, gas-water ratio is 1:3, EC value 1.5-2.2mS/cm, pH is 6.5, and particle diameter 0-5mm, wherein 2-4mm accounts for 50-60%.
It is 45 days that described acid-sludge, manioc waste mix organic bank system fermentation preferred treatment time.
beneficial effect of the present invention:
1, old Twospore Mushroom sward compound, acid-sludge, manioc waste, coconut palm chaff etc. are all organic wastes, quantity is many, purposes is few, with the raw material resources that its alternative peat etc. is non-renewable, for the production of the special organophilic clay of vegetable soilless culture nursery, can environmental pollution be reduced, turn waste into wealth, turn harm into good.
2, the present invention is by the mix and match such as manioc waste, carbonization cavings thinner for any Twospore Mushroom sward compound, acid-sludge and granularity of coarse size, makes the existing retentiveness of organophilic clay have again ventilation property, overcomes the deficiency of acid-sludge retentiveness difference.Meanwhile, the higher carbonization cavings of alkalescence is used to be auxiliary material, not only can the potential of hydrogen of buffer matrix, and its potassium content is higher, also has abundant trace element, is well suited for growing of vegetable seedling.
3, the present invention adds river embankment mud or the larger solid particle material of the proportion such as frozen soil or vegetable mould in organic materials, changes the physics and chemistry present situation of organophilic clay, creates good result of use, water not floating, solves existing vegetable seedling substrate and to water flotation issue.
4, the nursery organophilic clay of the present invention's production, quality is loosened, and nutrient is comprehensive, can be widely used in vegetable soilless culture industrial hole plate seedling growth.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, illustrate the present invention further, this embodiment should be understood only be not used in for illustration of the present invention and limit the scope of the invention, after having read the present invention, the amendment of those skilled in the art to the various equivalent form of value of the present invention has all fallen within the application's claims limited range.
embodiment 1:
The special organophilic clay of a kind of grow seedlings of vegetable, its composition of raw materials volume components part is: old Twospore Mushroom sward compound 4 parts, through acid-sludge, the manioc waste mixing organic materials 2.5 parts of fermentation reactor system process, coconut palm chaff 1.5 parts, river embankment mud or frozen soil or vegetable mould 1.5 parts, carbonization cavings 1.5 parts, vermiculite 0.75 part, perlite 0.75 part; Add the 15-15-15 N P and K Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium of gross weight 0.2% in addition.The mushroom culture medium that wherein old Twospore Mushroom sward compound is is main raw material with rice wheat straw, the waste material stayed after mushroom mycelium growth output mushroom, nature composting more than 1 year and through fully becoming thoroughly decomposed, the brown Twospore Mushroom sward mixing organic materials that recycling daylight dries, obtains after mechanical disintegration process, sward volume ratio is 4:1; The tankage of acid-sludge Shi Zhi vinegar enterprise, water content 60-70%, pH3.9-4.1, EC value is 2.5-4.5mS/cm; Manioc waste is the tankage after cassava materials extracts alcohol, water content 55-65%; Coconut palm chaff be domestic or import coconut palm brick add water carry out expansion process after the moistening material that formed, the coefficient of expansion is 4-6, water content 40-50%, particle diameter 1-6mm; River embankment mud, frozen soil, vegetable mould are the solid particle material after drying, pulverize, sieve processing, granularity 0-3mm; Carbonization cavings is the granule materials of ashes through pulverizing, sieving stayed after rice grain husks carbonization, particle diameter 0-2mm.
Wherein fermentation reactor system process is taken shelter from rain in booth in sunlight board, and adopt fermenting agent to carry out decomposition reactor system fermentative processing to acid-sludge, manioc waste, fermentation time is about 45 days, and according to season and temperature adjustment, once, turning in 4-5 days winter once in turning in 1-2 days summer; Fermenting agent is pulvis, is made up of actinomycetes, yeast, milk-acid bacteria, genus bacillus, effective active bacterial content 0.5-1 hundred million units/gram, and wherein actinomycetes account for 40-60%; Consumption is that every 100m3 raw material adds microbial inoculum 50kg, can according to season and temperature height adjustment microbial inoculum consumption, and high temperature season raw material quick heating, can suitably reduce microbial inoculum consumption, otherwise low temperature season needs suitably to increase microbial inoculum consumption.
This organophilic clay physical and chemical index is: N+P
2o
5+ K
2o total nutrient content 3%, organic content 25%, water content 45%, total porosity 70%, unit weight 0.5g/cm
3, gas-water ratio is 1:3, EC value 1.5-2.2mS/cm, pH is 6.5, and particle diameter 0-5mm, wherein 2-4mm accounts for 50-60%.
embodiment 2:
The special organophilic clay of a kind of grow seedlings of vegetable, its composition of raw materials volume components part is: old Twospore Mushroom sward compound 3 parts, through acid-sludge, the manioc waste mixing organic materials 2 parts of fermentation reactor system process, coconut palm chaff 1 part, river embankment mud or frozen soil or vegetable mould 1 part, carbonization cavings 1 part, vermiculite 0.5 part, perlite 0.5 part; Add the 15-15-15 N P and K Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium of gross weight 0.1% in addition.This organophilic clay physical and chemical index is: N+P
2o
5+ K
2o total nutrient content 2.5%, organic content 20%, water content 50%, total porosity 65%, unit weight 0.2g/cm
3, gas-water ratio is 1:4, EC value 2-2.5mS/cm, pH is 5.8, and particle diameter 0-5mm, wherein 2-4mm accounts for 50-60%.
Wherein fermentation reactor system process is taken shelter from rain in booth in sunlight board, adopt fermenting agent to carry out decomposition reactor system fermentative processing to acid-sludge, manioc waste, fermentation time is according to season and temperature adjustment, and general summer is about 30 days, once, turning in 4-5 days winter once in turning in 1-2 days summer.Wherein fermenting agent is pulvis, is made up of actinomycetes, yeast, milk-acid bacteria, genus bacillus, effective active bacterial content 0.5-1 hundred million units/gram, and wherein actinomycetes account for 40-60%; Consumption is that every 100m3 raw material adds microbial inoculum about 60kg, and microbial inoculum can adjust consumption, high temperature season raw material quick heating according to season and temperature height, can suitably reduce microbial inoculum consumption, otherwise low temperature season needs suitably to increase microbial inoculum consumption.
The mushroom culture medium that wherein old Twospore Mushroom sward compound is is main raw material with rice wheat straw, the waste material stayed after mushroom mycelium growth output mushroom, nature composting more than 1 year and through fully becoming thoroughly decomposed, the brown Twospore Mushroom sward mixing organic materials that recycling daylight dries, obtains after mechanical disintegration process, sward volume ratio is 3:1.
The wherein tankage of acid-sludge Shi Zhi vinegar enterprise, water content 60-70%, pH3.9-4.1, EC value is 2.5-4.5mS/cm; Described manioc waste is the tankage after cassava materials extracts alcohol, water content 55-65%; Described coconut palm chaff be domestic or import coconut palm brick add water carry out expansion process after the moistening material that formed, the coefficient of expansion is 4-6, water content 40-50%, particle diameter 1-6mm.
Wherein river embankment mud, frozen soil, vegetable mould are the solid particle material after drying, pulverize, sieve processing, granularity 0-3mm; Described carbonization cavings is the granule materials of ashes through pulverizing, sieving stayed after rice grain husks carbonization, particle diameter 0-2mm.
embodiment 3:
The special organophilic clay of a kind of grow seedlings of vegetable, this organophilic clay formula volume ratio is: old Twospore Mushroom sward compound 5 parts, through acid-sludge, the manioc waste mixing organic materials 3 parts of fermentation reactor system process, coconut palm chaff 2 parts, river embankment mud or frozen soil or vegetable mould 2 parts, carbonization cavings 2 parts, vermiculite 1 part, perlite 1 part; Add the 15-15-15 N P and K Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium of gross weight 0.3% in addition.This organophilic clay physical and chemical index is: N+P
2o
5+ K
2o total nutrient content 3.5%, organic content 26%, water content 35%, total porosity 75%, unit weight 0.8g/cm
3, gas-water ratio is 1:2, EC value 1.2-2.0mS/cm, pH is 7.0, and particle diameter 1-5mm, wherein 2-4mm accounts for 50-60%.
Described fermentation reactor system process is taken shelter from rain in booth in sunlight board, adopt fermenting agent to carry out decomposition reactor system fermentative processing to acid-sludge, manioc waste, fermentation time is according to season and temperature adjustment, and general winter is about 60 days, once, turning in 4-5 days winter once in turning in 1-2 days summer.
Described fermenting agent is pulvis, is made up of actinomycetes, yeast, milk-acid bacteria, genus bacillus, effective active bacterial content 0.5-1 hundred million units/gram, and wherein actinomycetes account for 40-60%; Consumption is that every 100m3 raw material adds microbial inoculum about 40kg, can according to season and temperature height adjustment microbial inoculum consumption, and high temperature season raw material quick heating, can suitably reduce microbial inoculum consumption, otherwise low temperature season needs suitably to increase microbial inoculum consumption.
The mushroom culture medium that described old Twospore Mushroom sward compound is is main raw material with rice wheat straw, the waste material stayed after mushroom mycelium growth output mushroom, nature composting more than 1 year and through fully becoming thoroughly decomposed, the brown Twospore Mushroom sward mixing organic materials that recycling daylight dries, obtains after mechanical disintegration process, sward volume ratio is 5:1.
The tankage of described acid-sludge Shi Zhi vinegar enterprise, water content 60-70%, pH3.9-4.1, EC value is 2.5-4.5mS/cm; Described manioc waste is the tankage after cassava materials extracts alcohol, water content 55-65%; Described coconut palm chaff be domestic or import coconut palm brick add water carry out expansion process after the moistening material that formed, the coefficient of expansion is 4-6, water content 40-50%, particle diameter 1-6mm.
Described river embankment mud, frozen soil, vegetable mould are the solid particle material after drying, pulverize, sieve processing, granularity 0-3mm; Described carbonization cavings is the granule materials of ashes through pulverizing, sieving stayed after rice grain husks carbonization, particle diameter 0-2mm.
On grow seedlings of vegetable organophilic clay prepared by embodiment 1 and market, other 3 kinds of vegetable seedling substrates of buying are jointly for pepper seedling raising, and simultaneous test effect is as follows:
Capsicum variety: Soviet Union green pepper No. 5;
The seeding and growing seedling phase: on December 11st, 2013
Method for culturing seedlings: adopt 72 hole dishes to carry out hole plate seedling growth.
Rearing condition: glasshouse, single span 9m, ridge height 5m; Envrionment temperature: according to the adjustment of nursery process, general daytime in sowing time, night was higher than 12 DEG C higher than 23 DEG C.The steps such as seed treatment, sowing, seedling management operate according to DB3211/T 130-2008 " plug pepper seedling technical regulation ".
1, the seedbed of sowing: prepare enough seed beds according to planting scheme.The seedbed of paving cave dish: the length of the wide 115cm ~ 120cm(of ridge-up bed two cave dishes), length (30-35) m, leveling makes real bed surface, laying cave is coiled, filling substrate, every square metre of seed bed formalin (30 ~ 50) ml, add water 3L, sprinkling bed soil, takes off film with after plastics film stifle 3d, sows after gas disperses.
2, seed treatment
2.1 disinfect
Major Diseases for this locality can select one of the following Disinfection Methods:
A) hot water treatment of seeds: seed is put into 55 DEG C of hot water, maintain even water temperature and soak 15min.
B) with 0.1% potassium permanganate solution seed soaking 10min, vernalization after cleaning with clear water.
C) tertiary sodium phosphate seed soaking: first use Seed soaking 3 ~ 5h, then put into 10% trisodium phosphate solution and soak 20min, pull out clean.
2.2 presoaking and germinatings: pull out clean after seed warm water soaking (8 ~ 12) h after sterilization, are placed in germinating box 28 DEG C ~ 30 DEG C heat and moisture preserving vernalization.
3, sow
3.1 seed quality
Meet more than 2 grades requirements in GB16715.3-1999.
3.2 application rate
Sow by every mu of sowing quantity (40 ~ 50) g.
3.3 type of seeding
3.3.1 lively to coil to cave:
When the broken mouth (showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally) of vernalization seed more than 70% can be sowed, first organic substrate in the dish of cave is watered vola water, water oozes that lower rear organic substrate is thin spreads one deck, levelling cave panel surface matrix, then by seed sowing in disk hole cave, cave, after planting cover organic substrate 0.8 cm-1.0cm.
3.3.2 seedling is divided to coil to cave: when the broken mouth (showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally) of vernalization seed more than 70% can be sowed, to sow front seedbed and water vola water, moistening to the dark 10cm of bed soil.Water oozes that lower rear Nutrition Soil is thin spreads one deck, levelling bed surface, is then evenly sowed on seedbed by seed.After planting cover Nutrition Soil (0.8 ~ 1.0) cm.The soil recession of seedling top is except bed surface coverture, and when seedling grows to 3 leaf 1 heart, point seedling is in the dish of cave.
4, seedling management
4.1 temperature: nursery temperature management in Winter-Spring is in table 1.
table 1 temperature treatment in seedling stage index
4.2 illumination: ensureing rice shoot not by under the prerequisite of freeze injury during the nursery of Winter-Spring, take off late lid coverture as early as possible; The nursery of autumn in summer needs shading to lower the temperature.
4.3 points of seedlings: during seedling 2 leaf 1 heart, point seedling is in the dish of cave.1000 times of m-tetrachlorophthalodinitriles or 500 times of zinc manganese ethylenebisdithiocarbamates are sprayed in conjunction with diseases prevention.
4.4 moisture: a point Miao Shuiyao waters foot.Suitably water with backsight nursery season or soil moisture content.
4.5 hardenings: early spring nursery daytime 18 ~ 20 DEG C, night 15 ~ 10 DEG C.The nursery of autumn in summer removes sunshade net gradually, suitably controls moisture.
4.6 Index of The Healthy Seedlings: height of seedling 15-20cm, the thick 0.3-0.4cm of stem, 7 ~ 9 true leaves, blade is plump, and deep green, generally buddings, and well developed root system is oyster white, anosis pityriasis simplex trace.
5, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
5.1 main diseases and insect pests: samping off, damping-off, virus disease, aphid.
5.2 physical controls: use yellow card's trap aphid in greenhouse.Field hangs Yellow sticky trap or yellow lath (25cm × 40cm), it is coated with last layer machine oil, (30 ~ 40) block/667m2.In, hut covers Silver Grey Mulching Film repellent aphid.
5.3 chemical preventions: use chemical control should meet the requirement of GB4285, GB/T8321, the height poison persistent pesticide of forbidding.What main diseases and insect pests was prevented and treated selects medicine practical technique in table 2.
Table 2 main diseases and insect pests control table look-up
5.4 prevention and control of weeds: artificial weeding.
The Hot Pepper Seedling morphological index of different substrates 42 days seedling ages is in table 3.
The Hot Pepper Seedling morphological index of table 3 different substrates 42 days seedling ages
Table 3 can be found out, the grow seedlings of vegetable organophilic clay described in embodiment 1, and most of index is all a little more than other matrix, and test shows, the result of use that the grow seedlings of vegetable organophilic clay of embodiment 1 is specifically good.
Claims (10)
1. the special organophilic clay of grow seedlings of vegetable, it is characterized in that: this organophilic clay composition of raw materials volume components part is: old Twospore Mushroom sward compound 3-5 part, through acid-sludge, manioc waste mixing organic materials 2-3 part of fermentation reactor system process, coconut palm chaff 1-2 part, river embankment mud or frozen soil or vegetable mould 1-2 part, carbonization cavings 1-2 part, vermiculite 0.5-1 part, perlite 0.5-1 part; Add the Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium of gross weight 0.1-0.3% in addition; The total nutrient content 2.5-3.5% of this organophilic clay, organic content>=20%, water content 35-50%, total porosity 65-75%, unit weight 0.2-0.8g/cm
3, gas-water ratio is 1:2-4, EC value≤2.5mS/cm, pH is 5.8-7.0, particle diameter≤5mm, and wherein 2-4mm accounts for 50-60%;
Described fermentation reactor system process is taken shelter from rain in booth at fermenter or sunlight board, adopt fermenting agent to carry out decomposition reactor system fermentative processing to acid-sludge, manioc waste, fermentation time is 30-60 days, according to season and temperature adjustment, once, turning in 4-5 days winter once in turning in 1-2 days summer;
Described fermenting agent is pulvis, is made up of actinomycetes, yeast, milk-acid bacteria, genus bacillus, effective active bacterial content 0.5-1 hundred million units/gram, and wherein actinomycetes account for 40-60%; Consumption is that every 100m3 raw material adds microbial inoculum 40-60kg.
2. the special organophilic clay of a kind of grow seedlings of vegetable according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the mushroom culture medium that described old Twospore Mushroom sward compound is is main raw material with rice wheat straw, the waste material stayed after mushroom mycelium growth output mushroom, nature composting more than 1 year and through fully becoming thoroughly decomposed, the brown Twospore Mushroom sward mixing organic materials that recycling daylight dries, obtains after mechanical disintegration process, sward volume ratio is 3-5:1.
3. the special organophilic clay of a kind of grow seedlings of vegetable according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the tankage of described acid-sludge Shi Zhi vinegar enterprise, water content 60-70%, pH3.9-4.1, EC value is 2.5-4.5mS/cm; Described manioc waste is the tankage after cassava materials extracts alcohol, water content 55-65%; Described coconut palm chaff be domestic or import coconut palm brick add water carry out expansion process after the moistening material that formed, the coefficient of expansion is 4-6, water content 40-50%, particle diameter 1-6mm.
4. the special organophilic clay of a kind of grow seedlings of vegetable according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described river embankment mud, frozen soil, vegetable mould are the solid particle material after drying, pulverize, sieve processing, granularity 0-3mm; Described carbonization cavings is the granule materials of ashes through pulverizing, sieving stayed after rice grain husks carbonization, particle diameter 0-2mm.
5. the special organophilic clay of a kind of grow seedlings of vegetable according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described total nutrient is N+P
2o
5+ K
2o.
6. the special organophilic clay of a kind of grow seedlings of vegetable according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: this organophilic clay formula volume ratio is: old Twospore Mushroom sward compound 4 parts, through acid-sludge, the manioc waste mixing organic materials 2.5 parts of fermentation reactor system process, coconut palm chaff 1.5 parts, river embankment mud or frozen soil or vegetable mould 1.5 parts, carbonization cavings 1.5 parts, vermiculite 0.75 part, perlite 0.75 part; Add the Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium of gross weight 0.2% in addition.
7. the special organophilic clay of a kind of grow seedlings of vegetable according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: this organophilic clay formula volume ratio is: old Twospore Mushroom sward compound 3 parts, through acid-sludge, the manioc waste mixing organic materials 2 parts of fermentation reactor system process, coconut palm chaff 1 part, river embankment mud or frozen soil or vegetable mould 1 part, carbonization cavings 1 part, vermiculite 0.5 part, perlite 0.5 part; Add the Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium of gross weight 0.1% in addition.
8. the special organophilic clay of a kind of grow seedlings of vegetable according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: this organophilic clay formula volume ratio is: old Twospore Mushroom sward compound 5 parts, through acid-sludge, the manioc waste mixing organic materials 3 parts of fermentation reactor system process, coconut palm chaff 2 parts, river embankment mud or frozen soil or vegetable mould 2 parts, carbonization cavings 2 parts, vermiculite 1 part, perlite 1 part; Add the Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium of gross weight 0.3% in addition.
9. the special organophilic clay of a kind of grow seedlings of vegetable according to claim 1, is characterized in that: this organophilic clay total nutrient content 3%, organic content 25%, water content 45%, total porosity 70%, unit weight 0.5g/cm
3, gas-water ratio is 1:3, EC value 1.5-2.2mS/cm, pH is 6.5, and particle diameter 0-5mm, wherein 2-4mm accounts for 50-60%.
10. the special organophilic clay of a kind of grow seedlings of vegetable according to claim 1, is characterized in that: it is 45 days that described acid-sludge, manioc waste mix organic bank fermentative processing time.
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| CN201410774306.2A CN104478593A (en) | 2014-12-16 | 2014-12-16 | Special organic soil for vegetable seedling culture |
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| CN106588173A (en) * | 2016-11-03 | 2017-04-26 | 明光市大全甜叶菊专业合作社 | Organic-waste-containing stevia rebaudiana seedling culture medium and preparation method thereof |
| CN106966835A (en) * | 2017-04-21 | 2017-07-21 | 常州亚环环保科技有限公司 | A kind of method that Nutrition Soil is prepared based on acid-sludge |
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Application publication date: 20150401 |