WO2014119612A1 - 流動床燃焼炉及び流動床燃焼炉の運転方法 - Google Patents
流動床燃焼炉及び流動床燃焼炉の運転方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014119612A1 WO2014119612A1 PCT/JP2014/051935 JP2014051935W WO2014119612A1 WO 2014119612 A1 WO2014119612 A1 WO 2014119612A1 JP 2014051935 W JP2014051935 W JP 2014051935W WO 2014119612 A1 WO2014119612 A1 WO 2014119612A1
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- Prior art keywords
- fluidized
- fluidized bed
- furnace
- combustion furnace
- bed combustion
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
- F23C10/18—Details; Accessories
- F23C10/22—Fuel feeders specially adapted for fluidised bed combustion apparatus
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/30—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having a fluidised bed
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2204/00—Supplementary heating arrangements
- F23G2204/20—Supplementary heating arrangements using electric energy
- F23G2204/201—Plasma
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for incinerators
- F23G2900/50213—Preheating processes other than drying or pyrolysis
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a fluidized bed combustion furnace and a method for operating the fluidized bed combustion furnace.
- a fluidized bed combustion furnace that burns fuel while forming a fluidized bed in which a fluid such as coal and a fluidized material such as silica sand flow.
- a fluidized bed combustion furnace As an operation method when starting up this fluidized bed combustion furnace, in Patent Document 1 below, fluidized material is supplied into the furnace and combustion air is supplied into the furnace to flow the fluidized material.
- combustion air is supplied into the furnace to flow the fluidized material.
- Patent Document 2 includes a start-up combustor that generates hot air by burning start-up fuel (fossil fuel) outside the furnace, and the hot air from the start-up combustor is transferred into the furnace.
- start-up fuel frossil fuel
- the fluidized material reaches a temperature at which the fuel can be ignited spontaneously, the fuel is introduced into the furnace and used for combustion. A method is described.
- JP 2009-250571 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5-187615
- the present invention has been made to solve such a problem, and is capable of reducing CO 2 at the time of heating the fluidized material at the time of starting the furnace, and in addition, a flow that facilitates handling and maintenance. It aims at providing the operating method of a bed combustion furnace and a fluidized bed combustion furnace.
- a fluidized bed combustion furnace enables continuous combustion of a raw material in a fluidized bed combustion furnace having a combustion chamber for combusting the raw material while forming a fluidized bed in which the raw material and the fluidized material flow.
- An electric burner that heats the fluidized material up to the temperature at which the raw material can be continuously combusted is provided, and the output direction of the electric burner is a direction that intersects with the fluidized material flow direction.
- An operation method of a fluidized bed combustion furnace is an operation method of a fluidized bed combustion furnace provided with a combustion chamber for combusting a raw material while forming a fluidized bed in which the raw material and the fluidized material flow.
- the fluidized material is heated by the electric burner to a temperature at which the raw material can be continuously combusted to enable continuous combustion of the raw material, and the output direction of the electric burner is a direction that intersects the flow direction of the fluidized material.
- the electric burner that heats the fluidized material to the temperature at which the raw material can be continuously combusted generates heat using electricity without using fossil fuel, and thus can reduce CO 2 .
- this electric burner uses electricity without the need for transporting fossil fuels, it is easy to handle and maintain.
- the output direction of the electric burner is a direction that intersects the flow direction of the fluidized material, burner closure and wear and tear due to the fluidized material can be suppressed.
- the fluidized bed combustion furnace may include a fluidized material supply path for supplying the fluidized material into the furnace and an electric burner provided in the fluidized material supply path.
- the electric burner can heat the fluidized material before the fluidized material is supplied into the furnace.
- the fluidized bed combustion furnace may include a high moisture fuel supply path that is connected to the upstream side of the electric burner of the fluidized material supply path and supplies high moisture fuel.
- the fluidized material is heated by an electric burner in the fluidized material supply path and supplied into the furnace, and the high moisture fuel is supplied from the high moisture fuel supply channel to the fluidized material supply channel. It is heated by an electric burner in the fluid material supply path and supplied into the furnace. For this reason, compared with the case where the high moisture fuel is supplied to the furnace without being heated, the moisture of the high moisture fuel evaporates to some extent, so that a decrease in the calorific value is suppressed and the fuel can be continuously burned. As a result, the fluidized bed combustion furnace can be operated stably.
- the fluidized bed combustion furnace includes a fluidized material circulation path that separates the fluidized material from the exhaust gas discharged from the furnace into a solid gas and circulates it back into the furnace, and the fluidized material supply path may be connected to the fluidized material circulation path.
- the electric burner may be disposed through the furnace wall so as to enter the combustion chamber.
- the electric burner can heat the fluidized material stored in the combustion chamber.
- the fluidized material and the high moisture fuel heated by the electric burner in the same manner as described above are supplied into the furnace via a route different from the above. Even in this case, compared with the case where the high moisture fuel is supplied to the furnace without being heated, the moisture of the high moisture fuel evaporates to some extent, so that a decrease in the calorific value is suppressed and the fuel can be continuously burned. As a result, the fluidized bed combustion furnace can be operated stably.
- the fluidized material can be efficiently and easily heated by a small amount of high-temperature gas using electric energy generated by the plasma torch.
- CO 2 can be reduced, and in addition, handling and maintenance are facilitated.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view showing the main part of a fluidized bed combustion furnace according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
- This fluidized bed combustion furnace is here a fluidized bed boiler and used for a power plant. It is what
- a fluidized bed boiler 100 includes a cylindrical furnace 1 whose upper and lower ends are closed, and a furnace wall 5 constituting the furnace 1 is a combustion chamber 6.
- the fluidized bed boiler 100 previously accommodates a fluidized material 7 such as silica sand in the combustion chamber 6, introduces combustion air into the combustion chamber 6 through a plurality of openings 9 provided at the bottom of the combustion chamber 6, and Are introduced into the combustion chamber 6 to form a fluidized bed 8 while flowing with combustion air, and the raw material is combusted.
- a water pipe disposed on the furnace wall 5 at the time of combustion.
- the combustion gas exhaust gas
- the combustion gas exhaust gas
- the raw material to be combusted is particularly preferably a fuel such as biomass or coal, but may be a waste for incineration such as waste tires or garbage.
- a fluidizing material supply device 2 for heating the fluidizing material 7 and supplying it to the combustion chamber 6 in the furnace 1 is attached to the furnace 1.
- the fluidized material supply device 2 includes a fluidized material supply path 3 that serves as a flow path for the fluidized material 7.
- This fluidized material supply path 3 enters the combustion chamber 6 through a first supply path 10 extending vertically downward from above and extending downward from the lower end of the first supply path 10 through the furnace wall 5. And a second supply path 11. Then, the fluidized material 7 in the fluidized material supply path 3 moves downward in the first supply path 10, moves in the second supply path 11 according to the inclination, and is supplied to the combustion chamber 6.
- the middle of the first supply path 10 is a heating path 12 for heating the fluidized material 7.
- the heating path 12 is for heating the fluidized material 7 and includes a plasma torch 4 which is a kind of electric burner.
- the plasma torch 4 outputs a high-temperature plasma jet (hot gas body) of about 4000 to 20000 ° C. using electricity.
- the plasma torch 4 is installed so that the nozzle at the tip of the plasma torch 4 penetrates the road wall in a substantially horizontal direction so as to enter the heating path 12, and a plasma flame PF by a plasma jet output from the nozzle in a substantially horizontal direction.
- it is set as the arrangement
- the plasma torch 4 heats the fluidized material 7 moving in the heating path 12 to the temperature at which the raw material can be continuously combusted in the combustion chamber 6 by the plasma flame PF.
- the temperature at which the raw material can be continuously burned is 500 ° C. to 700 ° C.
- the output direction of the plasma torch 4 is a direction that intersects the flow direction of the fluidized material 7. That is, the plasma torch 4 can output a plasma jet from the lateral direction with respect to the falling fluid 7.
- a transition type (TR) torch or a non-transition type (NTR) torch can be adopted, but here, a transition type torch that can lengthen the plasma flame PF is adopted.
- the furnace 1 when the furnace 1 is started, specifically, when the furnace 1 is started before the raw material is charged into the combustion chamber 6, the fluidized material 7 is caused to flow into the fluidized material supply path 3, and the moving fluidized material 7 is converted into plasma.
- the torch 4 heats the raw material to the above-described continuous combustion possible temperature, and supplies the required amount of heated fluidized material 7 to the combustion chamber 6. At this time, the combustion air is supplied to the combustion chamber 6 through the opening 9 so that the fluidized material 7 flows evenly.
- the raw material is charged into the combustion chamber 6, the fluidized bed 8 is formed while the raw material and the fluidized material 7 are fluidized, and the raw material is combusted.
- the fluidized material 7 is heated to the temperature at which the raw material can be continuously combusted by the plasma torch 4 when the furnace 1 is started before the raw material is put into the combustion chamber 6. Since the torch 4 generates heat using electricity without using fossil fuel, CO 2 can be reduced. In addition, since this plasma torch 4 uses electricity without the need to transport fossil fuels, it is easy to handle and maintain. Further, since the output direction of the plasma torch 4 is a direction intersecting with the flow direction of the fluidizing material 7, burner closure and wear and tear by the fluidizing material 7 can be suppressed. When a combustion burner is used, the temperature of the fluidized material is raised by heat exchange by heat transfer between the high-temperature fuel combustion gas and the fluidized material. On the other hand, when an electric burner (plasma torch 4) is used, heat exchange by radiation can be performed between the plasma flame PF and the fluidized material 7, so that the temperature of the fluidized material 7 is easily raised.
- an electric burner plasma torch 4
- the fluidized material 7 can be efficiently and easily heated by a small amount of high-temperature gas body using electric energy from the plasma torch 4.
- the fluidizing material 7 can be efficiently and easily heated in this manner, the fluidizing material 7 can be quickly heated to the temperature at which the raw material can be continuously combusted.
- the place where the fluidized bed boiler 100 is arranged is a power plant (equipment with power generation facilities), electricity generated by the power generation facilities can be used as it is.
- the fluidized bed boiler 100 includes a fluidized material supply path 3 for supplying the fluidized material 7 into the furnace 1 and a plasma torch 4 provided in the fluidized material supply path 3. .
- the plasma torch 4 can heat the fluidized material 7 before the fluidized material 7 is supplied into the furnace 1.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional configuration diagram showing a main part of a fluidized bed combustion furnace according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
- the difference between the fluidized bed boiler 200 of the second embodiment and the fluidized bed boiler 100 of the first embodiment is that the plasma torch 4 is passed through the furnace wall 5 so that the nozzle at the tip of the plasma torch 4 enters the combustion chamber 6.
- the fluidized material 7 previously stored in the combustion chamber 6 is heated by the plasma torch 4 to the temperature at which the raw material can be continuously combusted.
- a specific operation method is as follows. First, when the furnace 1 is started before the raw material is charged into the combustion chamber 6, the normal temperature fluidized material 7 is supplied to the combustion chamber 6 from the outside, and then the combustion air is supplied through the opening 9 to the combustion chamber. 6, while the fluidizing material 7 is flowing uniformly, the fluidizing material 7 is heated by the plasma torch 4 to the temperature at which the material can be continuously combusted. When the raw material is ignited and starts to burn, the output of the plasma torch 4 is gradually lowered, and then the output of the plasma torch 4 is stopped. The output direction of the plasma torch 4 is a direction that intersects the flow direction of the fluidized material 7.
- the plasma torch 4 can output a plasma jet from the lateral direction with respect to the fluidized material 7 that flows by the combustion air passing through the opening 9.
- the flow direction of the fluidized material refers to the direction in which combustion air is supplied (vertical direction), and the fluidized material moving in the horizontal direction is not included in the fluidized material flow direction.
- the plasma torch 4 either a transfer type torch or a non-transfer type torch can be adopted, but here, it is preferable to use a non-transfer type torch capable of forming a frame similar to a burner.
- the fluidizing material 7 is heated to the temperature at which the raw material can be continuously combusted by the plasma torch 4 when the furnace 1 is started before the raw material is charged into the combustion chamber 6. Therefore, it goes without saying that the same effect as in the first embodiment can be obtained.
- the plasma torch 4 is disposed through the furnace wall 5 so as to enter the combustion chamber 6.
- the plasma torch 4 can heat the fluidized material 7 stored in the combustion chamber 6.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional configuration diagram showing a main part of a fluidized bed combustion furnace according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
- the difference between the fluidized bed boiler 300 of the third embodiment and the fluidized bed boiler 100 of the first embodiment is that when a high moisture fuel that is difficult to burn is used as the fuel, the high moisture fuel is heated by the plasma torch 4 before the furnace. This is the point that it is supplied within 1.
- a fluid material supply device 22 instead of the fluid material supply device 2, a fluid material supply device 22 in which a high moisture fuel supply channel 23 for supplying high moisture fuel is connected to the upstream side of the plasma torch 4 of the fluid material supply channel 3. It is a point using.
- the high moisture fuel is a fuel having a moisture content of more than 50%, and specifically includes, for example, unused forest biomass.
- the moisture content in this case is about 70%.
- the fluidized material 7 is caused to flow into the fluidized material supply path 3 when the furnace 1 is started before the raw material is charged into the combustion chamber 6.
- the moving fluid 7 is heated to the temperature at which the raw material can be continuously combusted by the plasma torch 4 and supplied into the furnace 1. Therefore, the same effect as that of the first embodiment can be obtained.
- the high moisture fuel is supplied from the high moisture fuel supply passage 23 into the fluidized material supply passage 3 and is heated by the plasma torch 4 together with the fluidized material 7 to be supplied into the furnace 1. Is done. For this reason, as compared with the case where the high-moisture fuel is put into the furnace 1 without being heated, the moisture of the high-moisture fuel evaporates to some extent. As a result, the fluidized bed boiler 300 can be operated stably.
- the high-moisture fuel supplied to the high-moisture fuel supply path 23 may be all or a part of the high-moisture fuel, and it is sufficient that the fuel can be continuously burned.
- the high moisture fuel may be heated by the plasma torch 4 and supplied into the furnace 1 during normal operation other than when the furnace 1 is started.
- the water content of the high moisture fuel is lowered to about 50% by the plasma torch 4, it is preferable because the decrease in the calorific value is suppressed and the fuel can be continuously burned.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional configuration diagram showing a main part of a fluidized bed combustion furnace according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- the fluidized bed boiler is a circulating fluidized bed boiler 400.
- the circulating fluidized bed boiler 400 includes a fluidized material circulation path 25 that separates the fluidized material 7 (including ash and the like) from the exhaust gas from the furnace 1 and circulates it back into the furnace 1.
- the fluid circulation path 25 is formed by connecting a cyclone 30, a downcomer 31, a loop seal 32, and a return pipe 33 in this order.
- the cyclone 30 is connected to the furnace 1 and separates the fluidized material 7 from the exhaust gas discharged from the inside of the furnace 1.
- the downcomer 31 is connected to the bottom of the cyclone 30 and sends the fluidized material 7 separated by the cyclone 30 downward.
- the loop seal 32 is connected to the lower end of the downcomer 31, and the fluid 7 sent from the downcommer 31 is supplied from the cyclone 30 to prevent the gas in the furnace 1 from flowing back to the cyclone 30 side.
- the fluidized material 7 is temporarily stored to shut off and seal between the fluidized bed 8 and the cyclone 30 in the furnace 1, and the stored fluidized material 7 is easily flowed by the flowing air appropriately supplied through the line L2. It is fluidized and sent sequentially downward.
- the line L2 for supplying the flow air to the loop seal 32 is branched from the line L1 for supplying the combustion air to the plurality of openings 9 at the bottom of the furnace 1 described above.
- the return pipe 33 is connected to the loop seal 32 and the lower part of the furnace 1 to return the fluidized material 7 from the loop seal 32 to the combustion chamber 6 in the furnace 1.
- the fourth embodiment is the same as the third embodiment in that the fluidized material supply device 22 described above is connected to the lower part of the furnace 1.
- the fourth embodiment is different from the third embodiment in that a fluid material supply device 42 having the same configuration as that of the fluid material supply device 22 of the third embodiment is connected to the loop seal 32.
- the fluidized material 7 and the high-moisture fuel are different routes from the above. It is supplied into the furnace 1 via the loop seal 32 and the return pipe 33. Even in this case, compared with the case where the high-moisture fuel is supplied to the furnace 1 without being heated, the moisture of the high-moisture fuel evaporates to some extent. As a result, the circulating fluidized bed boiler 400 can be operated stably.
- the high moisture fuel may be heated by the plasma torch 4 and supplied into the furnace 1 during normal operation other than when the furnace 1 is started, as described in the third embodiment.
- the fluid supply device 42 is connected to the loop seal 32. However, it may be connected to the fluid supply circuit 25 such as the downcomer 31 and the return pipe 33, for example.
- the second embodiment can also be applied to the above-described circulating fluidized bed boiler.
- a hopper for accommodating the fluidized material 7 is provided, and a damper at the hopper outlet is provided.
- the fluidized material 7 is supplied and accommodated in the hopper in a closed state, and the fluidized material 7 in the hopper is heated to the temperature at which the raw material can be continuously combusted by the plasma torch 4 as in the second embodiment, and the outlet damper is heated after the heating.
- the heated fluidized material 7 may be supplied to the combustion chamber 6.
- high moisture fuel is also supplied into the hopper.
- the plasma torch 4 is used in particular because it is possible to efficiently and easily output a high-temperature gas body.
- heat is generated using electricity without using fossil fuel, and the fluidized material 7 is continued as a raw material.
- Other electric burners may be used as long as they can be heated to a combustible temperature.
- the present invention can be applied to all fluidized bed combustion furnaces equipped with a combustion chamber for burning a raw material while forming a fluidized bed in which the raw material and a fluidized material flow.
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Abstract
Description
Claims (8)
- 原料及び流動材が流動する流動床を形成しながら前記原料を燃焼する燃焼室を備えた流動床燃焼炉において、
前記原料の継続した燃焼を可能とする原料継続燃焼可能温度まで、前記流動材を加熱する電気式バーナーを備え、
前記電気式バーナーの出力方向は前記流動材の流動方向と交差する方向である、流動床燃焼炉。 - 前記流動材を炉内に供給するための流動材供給路と、
前記流動材供給路に設けられた前記電気式バーナーと、を備える請求項1に記載の流動床燃焼炉。 - 前記流動材供給路の前記電気式バーナーより上流側に接続され高水分燃料を供給する高水分燃料供給路を備える、請求項2に記載の流動床燃焼炉。
- 炉内から排出される排ガスから前記流動材を固気分離し前記炉内に戻し循環させる流動材循環路を備え、
前記流動材供給路は、前記流動材循環路に接続される、請求項2又は3に記載の流動床燃焼炉。 - 前記電気式バーナーは、前記燃焼室に進入するように炉壁を貫通して配置されている、請求項1に記載の流動床燃焼炉。
- 前記電気式バーナーは、炉の起動時に使用される、請求項1~5の何れか一項に記載の流動床燃焼炉。
- 前記電気式バーナーは、プラズマトーチである、請求項1~6の何れか一項に記載の流動床燃焼炉。
- 原料及び流動材が流動する流動床を形成しながら前記原料を燃焼する燃焼室を備えた流動床燃焼炉の運転方法であって、
電気式バーナーにより、前記原料の継続した燃焼を可能とする原料継続燃焼可能温度まで前記流動材を加熱し、
前記電気式バーナーの出力方向は前記流動材の流動方向と交差する方向である、流動床燃焼炉の運転方法。
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PH12015501682A PH12015501682A1 (en) | 2013-01-31 | 2015-07-29 | Fluidized bed combustion furnace and method for operating fluidized bed combustion furnace |
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US11996119B2 (en) | 2018-08-15 | 2024-05-28 | Nippon Telegraph And Telephone Corporation | End-of-talk prediction device, end-of-talk prediction method, and non-transitory computer readable recording medium |
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JPH0292401U (ja) * | 1988-12-28 | 1990-07-23 | ||
JPH062811A (ja) * | 1992-06-22 | 1994-01-11 | Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Co Ltd | 循環流動床ボイラにおける起動バーナの燃料流量制御装置 |
JP2001027402A (ja) * | 1999-07-15 | 2001-01-30 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | 加圧流動床ボイラの層温度制御方法 |
JP2001235128A (ja) * | 2000-02-21 | 2001-08-31 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | 循環流動層炉 |
JP2002022126A (ja) * | 2000-07-12 | 2002-01-23 | Babcock Hitachi Kk | ごみガス化溶融システム及びその運転制御方法 |
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JP2017106713A (ja) | 2017-06-15 |
PH12015501682B1 (en) | 2015-10-19 |
JPWO2014119612A1 (ja) | 2017-01-26 |
JP6125543B2 (ja) | 2017-05-10 |
PH12015501682A1 (en) | 2015-10-19 |
MY175763A (en) | 2020-07-08 |
JP6208388B2 (ja) | 2017-10-04 |
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