WO2014068963A1 - 低鉄損方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法 - Google Patents
低鉄損方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014068963A1 WO2014068963A1 PCT/JP2013/006402 JP2013006402W WO2014068963A1 WO 2014068963 A1 WO2014068963 A1 WO 2014068963A1 JP 2013006402 W JP2013006402 W JP 2013006402W WO 2014068963 A1 WO2014068963 A1 WO 2014068963A1
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- iron loss
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/34—Methods of heating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/12—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/06—Surface hardening
- C21D1/09—Surface hardening by direct application of electrical or wave energy; by particle radiation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/12—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties
- C21D8/1244—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties the heat treatment(s) being of interest
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/46—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/12—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials
- H01F1/14—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/16—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys in the form of sheets
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
- H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
- H01F41/04—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing coils
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2201/00—Treatment for obtaining particular effects
- C21D2201/05—Grain orientation
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing grain-oriented electrical steel sheets used for applications such as transformer cores.
- the loss that occurs in the transformer mainly includes copper loss that occurs in the conductor and iron loss that occurs in the iron core. Furthermore, iron loss can be separated into hysteresis loss and eddy current loss, and it is known that improvement of crystal orientation of materials and reduction of impurities are effective in reducing the former.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a method of manufacturing a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet having excellent magnetic flux density and iron loss by optimizing the annealing conditions before final cold rolling.
- Patent Document 3 the iron loss W 17/50 , which was 0.80 W / kg or more before irradiation, is reduced to 0.65 W / kg or less by irradiating a plasma arc to the steel sheet after secondary recrystallization. Technology to do is shown.
- Patent Document 4 discloses a technique for obtaining a transformer material with low iron loss and low noise by optimizing the film thickness and the average width of magnetic domain discontinuities formed on the steel plate surface by electron beam irradiation. It is shown.
- Non-Patent Document 1 shows that as the plate thickness increases, the amount of iron loss reduction due to laser irradiation tends to decrease, and the plate thickness is 0.23 mm and 0.30 mm for a material with a magnetic flux density of 1.94 T. And, a difference of about 0.05 W / kg is recognized in each iron loss reduction amount ( ⁇ W 17/50 ).
- Patent Documents 5 and 6 disclose a technique for improving the iron loss reduction effect of a directional electromagnetic steel sheet made of a thick plate material by optimizing the laser irradiation conditions according to the plate thickness of the material.
- Patent Document 6 it is said that an extremely low iron loss can be obtained by setting the strain ratio ⁇ to 0.013 or less.
- JP 2012-1741 A Japanese Patent Publication No. 06-22179 JP 2011-246782 JP JP 2012-52230 A JP 2000-328139 A Japanese Patent No. 4705582
- the magnetic domain subdivision equipment for grain-oriented electrical steel sheets is not only capable of passing multiple types of steel sheets such as nominal thicknesses: 0.20mm, 0.23mm, 0.27mm and 0.30mm, but also from the viewpoint of improving production efficiency.
- a continuous plate line is desired. Therefore, in actual operation, it is necessary to continuously perform the magnetic domain subdivision processing on the coils obtained by joining the coils having different plate thicknesses.
- the appropriate magnetic domain subdivision conditions for reducing the iron loss are considered to be different for each plate thickness. Therefore, before and after joining the coils having different plate thicknesses, it is possible to reduce productivity. It is necessary to quickly change the irradiation conditions such as laser and electron beam.
- the iron loss is a portion where the strain ratio ( ⁇ ( ⁇ / 8) w 2 ⁇ / (t ⁇ s)) is about 2 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 regardless of the plate thickness. It has been shown to be minimal.
- w is the reflux magnetic domain width
- t is the plate thickness
- s is the line spacing in the rolling direction (hereinafter also referred to as RD line spacing). Therefore, when the plate thickness t is large, the iron loss can be reduced by shortening the RD line interval or increasing the reflux magnetic domain width.
- the present invention aims to improve the magnetic properties of grain-oriented electrical steel sheets developed in view of the above-mentioned situation by irradiation with an electron beam, and does not require adjustment of an optical system such as the beam diameter of the electron beam. Also, since it is not necessary to reduce the line spacing even for a thick plate material, a method for producing a highly productive grain-oriented electrical steel sheet that can suppress a decrease in productivity due to shortening of the line spacing is proposed. For the purpose.
- the inventors consider that the technique applied in the laser method can also be applied to the electron beam method, tried to reduce the iron loss, and set the distortion ratio ( ⁇ ( ⁇ / 8) w 2 ⁇ / (t ⁇ s). )) And the iron loss.
- the distortion ratio ( ⁇ ( ⁇ / 8) w 2 ⁇ / (t ⁇ s)) was adjusted only by changing the beam current.
- FIG. 1 shows the influence of the strain ratio ⁇ (described in Patent Document 6) on the iron loss after irradiation with an electron beam by the plate thickness: 0.20 mm and 0.23 mm.
- the strain ratio at which the iron loss is minimized is in a portion of 0.013 or more unlike the conventional knowledge. Further, the strain ratio at which the iron loss was minimized varied depending on the plate thickness.
- the inventors presume that the above results were influenced by the principle difference between the electron beam method and the laser method, and in the case of the electron beam method, there is an adjustment method according to the plate thickness that is different from the laser method. Thought. Therefore, we went back to the basics again and investigated in detail the relationship between the iron loss reduction effect and the irradiation energy in the electron beam method for each plate thickness.
- the survey results are shown in Fig. 2 (a) to (c). Here, the irradiation energy was changed only by adjusting the beam current.
- the proper irradiation energy is -283 x t (mm) + 61 ⁇ [Change from appropriate irradiation energy of 0.23 mm material] (%) ⁇ -312 x t (mm) + 78 It was newly discovered that it is important to satisfy this relationship.
- the gist configuration of the present invention is as follows. 1. Thickness: T Directional magnetic steel sheet surface When irradiating an electron beam in a direction crossing the rolling direction, the electron beam irradiation energy E (t) is minimized. Thickness: 0.23 mm of iron loss is minimized.
- a method for producing a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet that is adjusted so as to satisfy the following formula (1) using the value of irradiation energy Ewmin (0.23).
- the line spacing s (t) of the electron beam is set to a thickness of 0.23 mm.
- the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet manufacturing method is adjusted so as to satisfy the following formula (2) with respect to the line interval smin (0.23) that minimizes the iron loss. Smin (0.23) / (1.78 ⁇ 3.12 ⁇ t (mm)) ⁇ s (t) ⁇ smin (0.23) / (1.61 ⁇ 2.83 ⁇ t (mm)) (2)
- directional electrical steel sheets having any thickness can be appropriately subdivided with a minimum beam without adjusting the beam diameter and line spacing of the electron beam. Therefore, it is possible to suppress an increase in the adjustment time of the optical system, which has been unavoidable in the past, and a decrease in productivity due to a reduction in the line interval. Furthermore, since it is possible to appropriately subdivide the thick plate material only by increasing the line spacing without adjusting the electron beam output, it becomes possible to manufacture a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet with high productivity.
- the present invention is a method for producing a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet that is irradiated with an electron beam for the purpose of reducing iron loss.
- the electromagnetic steel sheet irradiated with the electron beam may be provided with an insulating coating, or there is no problem even if it is not present.
- the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet used in the present invention can be suitably used as long as it is a conventionally known grain-oriented electrical steel sheet, for example, regardless of whether or not the inhibitor component is used.
- the appropriate energy range at each plate thickness (t) is set to a value Ewmin (t) ⁇ 5% at which the iron loss is minimized. This is because the reached iron loss hardly changes in the range of Ewmin (t) ⁇ 5%.
- the energy here refers to irradiation energy per unit scanning length, and can be expressed by beam output / scanning speed.
- the irradiation was calculated by calculating the amount of change from the appropriate energy Ewmin (0.23) at which the iron loss is minimized with a 0.23 mm thick material.
- Energy is -283 x t (mm) + 61 ⁇ [Change from appropriate irradiation energy of 0.23 mm material] (%) ⁇ -312 x t (mm) + 78 It became.
- the above equation (1) is preferably applied to a steel sheet having a thickness of 0.23 mm or less.
- the thickness is 0.23 mm or more, as described below, it is more efficient to reduce the iron loss by increasing the line spacing. This is because this is advantageous.
- preferable conditions for generating an electron beam are as follows.
- the acceleration voltage Va is less than 30 kV, it is difficult to narrow the beam diameter, and the iron loss reduction effect is reduced.
- the acceleration voltage Va is preferably in the range of 30 to 300 kV.
- the electron beam diameter is preferably in the range of 50 to 500 ⁇ m. The full width at half maximum of the beam profile obtained by the slit method was measured as the beam diameter.
- Beam scanning speed 20m / s or more
- the beam scanning speed is preferably 20 m / s or more.
- the upper limit value of the beam scanning speed is not particularly limited, but is practically about 1000 m / s due to equipment restrictions.
- RD line spacing 3-12mm
- an electron beam is linearly irradiated from the width end of the steel sheet to the other width end, and this is periodically repeated in the rolling direction.
- This interval is preferably 3 to 12 mm.
- the line interval is narrower than 3 mm, the strain region formed in the steel becomes excessively large, and not only iron loss (hysteresis loss) is deteriorated but also productivity is deteriorated.
- the line spacing is too wide than 12 mm, no matter how much the reflux magnetic domain is expanded in the depth direction, the magnetic domain fragmentation effect becomes poor and the iron loss does not improve.
- Beam convergence When deflecting and irradiating the electron beam in the width direction of the steel sheet, it is preferable to adjust the convergence conditions (such as the convergence current) to an optimal state in advance so that the beam in the width direction is uniform. Needless to say.
- each of the 1500 m four directional electrical steel sheet coils having nominal plate thicknesses (t) of 0.23 mm, 0.27 mm, 0.30 mm, and 0.20 mm, respectively, is used for electron beam irradiation. did.
- Electron beam irradiation is performed under the conditions of acceleration voltage: 60 kV, beam diameter: 250 ⁇ m, beam scanning speed: 90 m / s, line angle: 90 °, processing chamber pressure: 0.1 Pa, and record the electron beam irradiation time of each coil. did. In addition, 4 m of the tip end part of the coil of each plate thickness was made into the area
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Abstract
Description
例えば、特許文献2には、鋼板の片表面に線状の溝を、溝巾:300μm以下、溝深さ:100μm以下として形成することによって、溝形成前には0.80W/kg以上であった鉄損W17/50を、0.70W/kg以下に低減する技術が示されている。
従って、板厚:tが大きい場合には、RD線間隔を短くするか、還流磁区幅を大きくすれば、鉄損を下げることができる。
また、加速電圧を変更する場合には、光学系、収束条件などさまざまなビーム条件を同時に再調整する必要があるため、頻繁に変更した場合には大幅な生産量低下につながるため好ましくない。
さらに、走査速度は、生産性に大きく影響する部分であるから、板厚によらず常時最大値をとっておくことが好ましい。
従って、生産性を最大としてライン操業する場合には、還流磁区幅の調整は、出力(電子ビームの場合は、ビーム電流)のみによって行うのが最も好ましいことになる。
そこで、再び基本に立ち返り、電子ビーム法における鉄損低減効果と照射エネルギとの関連を、板厚別に、詳細に調査し直した。調査結果を図2(a)~(c)に示す。ここで、照射エネルギの変更は、ビーム電流の調整のみによって行った。
-283×t(mm)+61≦〔0.23mm材の適正照射エネルギからの変化量〕(%)≦-312×t(mm)+78
の関係を満足させることが重要であると新たに究明された。
本発明は上記知見に立脚するものである。
1.板厚:tの方向性電磁鋼板の表面に対し、圧延方向に交差する方向に電子ビームを照射するにあたり、電子ビームの照射エネルギE(t)を、板厚:0.23mm材の鉄損を最小にする照射エネルギEwmin(0.23)の値を用いた下記式(1)を満足するように調整する方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法。
記
Ewmin(0.23)×(1.61-2.83×t(mm))≦E(t)≦Ewmin(0.23)×(1.78-3.12×t(mm))・・・式(1)
記
smin(0.23)/(1.78-3.12×t(mm))≦s(t)≦smin(0.23)/(1.61-2.83×t(mm))・・・式(2)
本発明は、鉄損低減を目的に、電子ビームを照射する方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法である。電子ビームを照射する電磁鋼板には、絶縁被膜が形成されていても良いし、無くても問題は無い。また、本発明に用いられる方向性電磁鋼板は、従来公知の方向性電磁鋼板であれば、例えば、インヒビター成分の使用不使用等にかかわらず、そのいずれもが好適に使用することができる。
-283×t(mm)+61≦〔0.23mm材の適正照射エネルギからの変化量〕(%)≦-312×t(mm)+78
となった。
Ewmin(0.23)×(1.61-2.83×t(mm))≦E(t)≦Ewmin(0.23)×(1.78-3.12×t(mm)) ・・・式(1)
従って、上記式(1)を満足すれば、電子ビームのビーム径・線間隔を調整することなく、光学系の調整作業や、線間隔短縮による生産性の減少を抑制することが可能となるのである。
ここで、上記式(1)は、0.23mm以下の鋼板に適用するのが好ましいのは、0.23mm厚以上では以下に述べるように線間隔の増大によって低鉄損化させた方が生産性の点で有利であるからである。
smin(0.23)/(1.78-3.12×t(mm))≦s(t)≦smin(0.23)/(1.61-2.83×t(mm))・・・式(2)
[加速電圧Va:30~300kV]
加速電圧Vaは、30kVを下回ると、ビーム径を絞ることが難しくなり鉄損低減効果が小さくなる。一方、300kVを超えると、フィラメントなどの装置寿命が短くなるだけでなく、X線漏洩防止のために装置が過度に巨大化して、メンテナンス性・生産性を減じてしまう。従って、加速電圧Vaは、30~300kVの範囲が好ましい。
電子ビーム径が50μm未満であると、そのために、鋼板と偏向コイルとの距離を極度に低減するなどの処置を講じざるを得ず、その場合、1つの電子ビーム源によって偏向照射可能な距離が大幅に減少してしまう。その結果、1200mmほどの広幅コイルを照射するために、多数の電子銃が必要となって、メンテナンス性・生産性を減じる。
一方、ビーム径が500μmより大きいと、十分な鉄損低減効果が得られない。というのも、鋼板のビームが照射される面積(歪み形成部分の体積)が過度に増大して、ヒステリシス損が劣化するためである。
従って、電子ビーム径は、50~500μmの範囲が好ましい。なお、スリット法によって得られたビームプロファイルの半値幅をビーム径として測定した。
ビーム走査速度が20m/s未満であると、鋼板の生産量が少なくなる。従って、ビーム走査速度は20m/s以上が好ましい。なお、ビーム走査速度の上限値に特に制限はないが、設備的な制約から1000m/s程度とするのが現実的である。
本発明では、電子ビームを、直線状に鋼板の幅端部から、もう一方の幅端部へ照射し、これを圧延方向に周期的に繰り返して行う。この間隔(線間隔)は、3~12mmであることが好ましい。線間隔が3mmより線間隔が狭いと、鋼中に形成される歪領域が過度に大きくなって、鉄損(ヒステリシス損)が劣化するだけでなく、生産性を劣化する。一方で、線間隔が12mmより広すぎると、いくら深さ方向に還流磁区を拡大しても、磁区細分化効果が乏しくなり鉄損が改善しないからである。
[線角度:60°から120°]
本発明において、鋼板の幅端部から、もう一方の幅端部へ、電子ビームを直線状に照射する時に、始点から終点に向かう方向は、圧延方向に対して60°から120°の方向とする。60°から120°の方向を逸脱すると、歪み導入部の体積が過度に増大してしまうため、ヒステリシス損が劣化するからである。望ましくは圧延方向に対して90°である。
電子ビームを照射する加工室の圧力が3Paより高いと、電子銃から発生した電子が散乱されて、電子ビーム照射部での還流磁区を形成する電子のエネルギが減少する。その結果、鋼板は十分に磁区細分化が施されずに、鉄損が改善しないからである。
電子ビームを、鋼板の幅方向に偏向して照射させるときには、幅方向のビームが均一になるように、事前に収束条件(収束電流など)を最適な状態に調整しておくのが好ましいことは言うまでもない。
照射後、各板厚のコイルにおいて電子ビーム照射を行った部分(照射部)および非照射部からそれぞれ60枚のSST試料を採取し、鉄損を測定した。
電子ビームの照射条件および鉄損の測定結果を表1に併記する。
Claims (3)
- 板厚:tの方向性電磁鋼板の表面に対し、圧延方向に交差する方向に電子ビームを照射するにあたり、電子ビームの照射エネルギE(t)を、板厚:0.23mm材の鉄損を最小にする照射エネルギEwmin(0.23)の値を用いた下記式(1)を満足するように調整する方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法。
記
Ewmin(0.23)×(1.61-2.83×t(mm))≦E(t)≦Ewmin(0.23)×(1.78-3.12×t(mm))・・・式(1) - 前記板厚:tが0.23mm以下である請求項1に記載の方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法。
- 板厚(t)が0.23mm以上の方向性電磁鋼板の表面に対し、圧延方向に交差する方向に電子ビームを照射するにあたり、電子ビームの線間隔s(t)を、板厚:0.23mm材の鉄損を最小にする線間隔smin(0.23)に対して、下記式(2)を満足するように調整する方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法。
記
smin (0.23)/(1.78-3.12×t(mm))≦s(t)≦smin (0.23)/(1.61-2.83×t(mm))・・・式(2)
Priority Applications (9)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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MX2015005396A MX2015005396A (es) | 2012-10-30 | 2013-10-29 | Metodo para la fabricacion de una lamina de acero electrico de grano orientado que exhibe baja perdida de hierro. |
RU2015120610/02A RU2602694C1 (ru) | 2012-10-30 | 2013-10-29 | Способ изготовления листа текстурированной электротехнической стали с низкими потерями в железе |
CN201380054476.7A CN104736728B (zh) | 2012-10-30 | 2013-10-29 | 低铁损取向性电磁钢板的制造方法 |
JP2013555499A JP5594440B1 (ja) | 2012-10-30 | 2013-10-29 | 低鉄損方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法 |
EP13851934.3A EP2915889B1 (en) | 2012-10-30 | 2013-10-29 | Method of manufacturing grain-oriented electrical steel sheet exhibiting low iron loss |
KR1020157010252A KR101673828B1 (ko) | 2012-10-30 | 2013-10-29 | 저철손 방향성 전기 강판의 제조 방법 |
US14/439,112 US10889871B2 (en) | 2012-10-30 | 2013-10-29 | Method of manufacturing grain-oriented electrical steel sheet exhibiting low iron loss |
CA2885355A CA2885355C (en) | 2012-10-30 | 2013-10-29 | Method of manufacturing grain-oriented electrical steel sheet exhibiting low iron loss |
BR112015008891A BR112015008891B1 (pt) | 2012-10-30 | 2013-10-29 | método para fabricar chapa de aço elétrico de grão orientado que exibe baixa perda de ferro |
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CA2885355C (en) | 2017-07-04 |
US20150267273A1 (en) | 2015-09-24 |
RU2602694C1 (ru) | 2016-11-20 |
WO2014068963A8 (ja) | 2015-02-19 |
EP2915889B1 (en) | 2019-06-19 |
CN105779732A (zh) | 2016-07-20 |
EP2915889A4 (en) | 2015-11-25 |
CA2885355A1 (en) | 2014-05-08 |
US10889871B2 (en) | 2021-01-12 |
MX2015005396A (es) | 2015-07-21 |
CN104736728B (zh) | 2016-08-24 |
KR20150055072A (ko) | 2015-05-20 |
EP2915889A1 (en) | 2015-09-09 |
CN105779732B (zh) | 2017-09-12 |
BR112015008891B1 (pt) | 2019-10-22 |
KR101673828B1 (ko) | 2016-11-07 |
JP5594440B1 (ja) | 2014-09-24 |
BR112015008891A2 (pt) | 2017-07-04 |
JPWO2014068963A1 (ja) | 2016-09-08 |
CN104736728A (zh) | 2015-06-24 |
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