WO2014049867A1 - ヒートポンプ装置、空気調和機及び冷凍機 - Google Patents
ヒートポンプ装置、空気調和機及び冷凍機 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014049867A1 WO2014049867A1 PCT/JP2012/075227 JP2012075227W WO2014049867A1 WO 2014049867 A1 WO2014049867 A1 WO 2014049867A1 JP 2012075227 W JP2012075227 W JP 2012075227W WO 2014049867 A1 WO2014049867 A1 WO 2014049867A1
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- heat pump
- pump device
- motor
- phase
- current
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P21/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of electric machines by vector control, e.g. by control of field orientation
- H02P21/04—Arrangements or methods for the control of electric machines by vector control, e.g. by control of field orientation specially adapted for very low speeds
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F25B49/02—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for compression type machines, plants or systems
- F25B49/022—Compressor control arrangements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P21/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of electric machines by vector control, e.g. by control of field orientation
- H02P21/14—Estimation or adaptation of machine parameters, e.g. flux, current or voltage
- H02P21/18—Estimation of position or speed
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B13/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with reversible cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2600/00—Control issues
- F25B2600/02—Compressor control
- F25B2600/021—Inverters therefor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
- F25B2700/15—Power, e.g. by voltage or current
- F25B2700/151—Power, e.g. by voltage or current of the compressor motor
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
- Y02B30/70—Efficient control or regulation technologies, e.g. for control of refrigerant flow, motor or heating
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a heat pump device, an air conditioner, and a refrigerator using a compressor.
- vector control is generally used when controlling the magnetic pole position of a permanent magnet synchronous motor provided in the compressor without a sensor.
- the motor current is separated into a d-axis component and a q-axis component, and an optimal current value corresponding to the position of the rotor is calculated, so that highly efficient control with little torque fluctuation can be performed.
- the magnetic pole position is estimated from the current (motor current) value flowing through the motor. That is, the motor current is detected by a current sensor, and the detected current is separated into an excitation current (d-axis current Id) and a torque current (q-axis current Iq) to estimate the magnetic pole position.
- the motor current is detected by a current sensor, and the detected current is separated into an excitation current (d-axis current Id) and a torque current (q-axis current Iq) to estimate the magnetic pole position.
- a dc-qc rotational coordinate system having an estimated angle ⁇ dc in the control system is assumed with respect to a dq rotational coordinate system in which the magnetic pole position of the rotor is a rotational position of the actual angle ⁇ d.
- the axis error ⁇ is estimated and calculated. Then, the voltage command value of the inverter is feedback-corrected so that the axis error ⁇ is zero, thereby controlling the actual magnetic pole position to coincide with the control magnetic pole position.
- the magnitude and phase of the current that drives the motor are ideally controlled by the inverter according to the motor rotation speed (number of rotations) or the load level, resulting in high torque, high response, and high Performance and high precision can be controlled.
- sensorless vector control cannot be used during startup when the current flowing through the motor cannot be used. Therefore, a method of switching the control method between a section from start to low speed operation and a section exceeding low speed operation has been studied.
- V / F constant control that does not require magnetic pole position detection is performed during low-speed operation from startup, and is set in advance when high-speed operation exceeds a predetermined rotation speed (number of rotations) or load.
- a technique for shifting to vector control using the initial magnetic pole position is disclosed.
- the motor current (the sum of the torque current component and the field current component) is also reduced. Therefore, the magnetomotive force of the output of the current sensor that detects the motor current is weakened, the output waveform is distorted, or the phase of the detected motor current is advanced with respect to the phase of the actual current.
- the distortion of the output waveform and the advance of the phase cause the estimation of the magnetic pole position to fail and cause a step-out, forcibly stopping the motor.
- V / F constant control and vector control can be used properly, but the motor is operated at a low rotational speed (small rotational speed) or is in a low load state. It is difficult to perform sensorless vector control.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above, and it is an object of the present invention to obtain a heat pump device capable of sensorless vector control even at low rotational speed (small rotational speed) or low load while suppressing an increase in cost. Objective.
- the heat pump device of the present invention is driven by a motor and compresses a refrigerant, an inverter for applying a voltage to the motor, and a current flowing through the motor.
- a current sensor that detects a voltage signal
- an inverter control unit that outputs a drive signal to the inverter unit.
- the inverter control unit calculates a voltage command value based on the voltage command value.
- a drive signal generation unit that generates a drive signal, wherein the drive signal generation unit determines a required refrigerant compression amount of the compressor based on a signal from the current sensor, and determines an amplitude and a phase from the required refrigerant compression amount.
- An amplitude phase determination unit that determines and generates the drive signal in the drive signal generation unit, and the voltage command calculation unit includes a rotation speed or a load at which the motor is equal to or less than a set value. If a state, and performs correction on the signal from the current sensor using the phase compensation amount that is previously measured in accordance with the rotational speed or the load condition.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a heat pump device according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of an inverter unit, an inverter control unit, and a compressor that form part of the heat pump device according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a comparison diagram showing the relationship between the motor current waveform and the output waveform of the current sensor (ACCT) when the motor according to the first embodiment has a low rotation speed (small rotation speed) or a low load.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a dq conversion result of the motor current waveform (sinusoidal actual current waveform) of FIG. 3 according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a dq conversion result of the distorted ACCT output waveform of FIG. 3 according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a flowchart for explaining the operation of the voltage command calculation unit according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example when a low-resistance resistance element is used as the secondary resistance of the ACCT according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example when a high-resistance resistance element is used as the secondary resistance of the ACCT according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the relationship between the breakdown voltage and the on-resistance of the Si device and the SiC device according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 10A is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a device including the heat pump device according to the fourth embodiment during a heating operation.
- FIG. 10-2 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a device including the heat pump device according to the fourth embodiment during the cooling operation.
- FIG. 11 is a Mollier diagram of the refrigerant of the heat pump apparatus shown in FIGS. 10-1 and 10-2 according to the fourth embodiment.
- Embodiment 1 FIG. In the present embodiment, the configuration and operation of the heat pump device of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a heat pump device 10 which is a configuration example of the heat pump device of the present embodiment.
- a heat pump device 10 shown in FIG. 1 includes a refrigeration cycle unit 11, an inverter unit 12, and an inverter control unit 13.
- the heat pump device 10 is applied to, for example, an air conditioner or a refrigerator.
- the refrigeration cycle unit 11 includes a compressor 14, a four-way valve 15, a heat exchanger 16, an expansion mechanism 17, and a heat exchanger 18, and these are connected via a refrigerant pipe 19.
- the compressor 14 includes a compression mechanism 20 and a motor 21 inside.
- the compression mechanism 20 compresses the refrigerant.
- the motor 21 is a three-phase motor having three-phase windings of U phase, V phase, and W phase, and operates the compression mechanism 20.
- the inverter unit 12 includes a current sensor 26a and a current sensor 26b (see FIG. 2).
- the inverter unit 12 is electrically connected to the motor 21 and supplies AC power to drive the motor 21.
- the current sensor 26a and the current sensor 26b detect a current (motor current) flowing through the motor 21 in order to estimate the magnetic pole position.
- the signals detected by the current sensor 26 a and the current sensor 26 b are output to the d-axis and q-axis current detection unit 24 included in the refrigerant compression operation mode control unit 22 provided in the inverter control unit 13.
- DC power (bus voltage V dc ) is supplied to the inverter unit 12.
- the power supply of the inverter part 12 should just be a thing which can supply direct-current power, and the alternating current power supply etc. to which the solar cell or the rectifier was added may be sufficient.
- the inverter unit 12 applies the U-phase voltage Vu, the V-phase voltage Vv, and the W-phase voltage Vw to the U-phase, V-phase, and W-phase windings of the motor 21, respectively.
- the inverter control unit 13 includes a refrigerant compression operation mode control unit 22 and a drive signal generation unit 23.
- the inverter control unit 13 is electrically connected to the inverter unit 12, generates an inverter drive signal (for example, a PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) signal) from the necessary refrigerant compression amount of the compressor 14, and outputs the inverter drive signal to the inverter unit 12.
- an inverter drive signal for example, a PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) signal
- the refrigerant compression operation mode control unit 22 includes a d-axis and q-axis current detection unit 24 and a voltage command calculation unit 25.
- the refrigerant compression operation mode control unit 22 is used for the refrigerant compression operation of the heat pump device 10.
- the refrigerant compression operation mode control unit 22 controls the drive signal generation unit 23 to output an inverter drive signal (for example, a PWM signal) for driving the motor 21 from the inverter control unit 13.
- the voltage command calculation unit 25 estimates the magnetic pole position of the motor 21 based on the d-axis current signal (Id) and the q-axis current signal (Iq) output from the d-axis and q-axis current detection unit 24.
- a control signal is output to the drive signal generator 23.
- the d-axis current signal (Id) and the q-axis current signal (Iq) are based on the motor current of the motor 21 detected by the current sensor 26a and the current sensor 26b of the inverter unit 12.
- the drive signal generation unit 23 generates and outputs a signal (for example, a PWM signal) for driving the inverter unit 12 based on the control signal output from the voltage command calculation unit 25.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of the inverter unit 12, the inverter control unit 13, and the compressor 14 as details of a part of the heat pump device 10.
- the inverter unit 12 includes six switching elements 27a to 27f, and three series connection units including two switching elements are connected in parallel. Each switching element is provided with a diode element.
- the inverter unit 12 drives the switching elements corresponding to the PWM signals (UP, UN, VP, VN, WP, WN in FIG. 2) as drive signals input from the inverter control unit 13 to thereby achieve a three-phase operation.
- the voltages Vu, Vv, and Vw are generated and voltages corresponding to the U-phase, V-phase, and W-phase windings of the motor 21 are applied.
- the d-axis and q-axis current detection unit 24 includes an LPF (Low Pass Filter) 28, a phase current calculation unit 29, and a three-phase / two-phase conversion unit 30.
- LPF Low Pass Filter
- the LPF 28 removes harmonic noise from the signal output by detecting the motor current by the current sensor 26a and the current sensor 26b.
- the LPF 28 may be an analog filter or a digital filter.
- the phase current calculation unit 29 calculates the U-phase current Iu, the V-phase current Iv, and the W-phase current Iw based on the signals from the current sensor 26a and the current sensor 26b (the signal from which harmonic noise has been removed by the LPF 28). And output to the three-phase / two-phase converter 30.
- the signals obtained by the phase current calculation unit 29 from the current sensor 26a and the current sensor 26b may be at least for two phases. This is because the phase current calculation unit 29 can calculate the current values of the remaining phases by utilizing the fact that the phase of each phase current is shifted by 120 °.
- the three-phase / two-phase converter 30 converts the U-phase current Iu, V-phase current Iv, and W-phase current Iw obtained by the phase current calculator 29 into excitation current (d-axis current Id) and torque current (q-axis current Iq). ) To convert the coordinates.
- the voltage command calculation unit 25 estimates the magnetic pole position of the motor 21 from the d-axis current Id and the q-axis current Iq.
- the voltage command calculation unit 25 includes a correction control unit 25a that performs correction control of various signals according to the rotation speed (rotation speed) of the motor 21 or the load level.
- the correction control unit 25a corrects the signal from the current sensor 26a and the current sensor 26b according to the rotation speed of the motor 21 after separating the signal into the d-axis component and the q-axis component.
- the voltage command calculation unit 25 preferably has a storage area.
- the storage area only needs to store a table 25aa of values used for correction control.
- the value used for the correction control is the phase compensation amount ⁇ , and a value measured in advance is used as the phase compensation amount ⁇ corresponding to the rotational speed (number of rotations) of the motor 21 or the load level.
- the drive signal generator 23 includes a PWM signal generator 32, a two-phase / three-phase converter 31, and an amplitude / phase determiner 33.
- the two-phase three-phase conversion unit 31 converts the two-phase signal from the voltage command calculation unit 25 into a three-phase signal and outputs it to the PWM signal generation unit 32. That is, the d-axis voltage command value Vd * and the q-axis voltage command value Vq * are converted into a U-phase voltage command value Vu * , a V-phase voltage command value Vv *, and a W-phase voltage command value Vw * to generate a PWM signal generator. 32.
- the PWM signal generation unit 32 generates a PWM signal for driving the inverter unit 12 based on the voltage command value from the two-phase / three-phase conversion unit 31.
- the inverter unit 12 drives the motor 21 based on the PWM signal generated and output by the PWM signal generation unit 32.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the relationship between the motor current waveform 34 (sinusoidal actual current waveform) and the output waveform 35 of the ACCT when the motor 21 is at a low rotation speed (small rotation speed) or low load.
- the motor current waveform 34 is indicated by a solid line
- the output waveform 35 of the ACCT is indicated by a broken line.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a dq conversion result of the motor current waveform 34 of FIG.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a dq conversion result of the output waveform 35 of the ACCT in FIG.
- FIG. 4 there is almost no change in current due to the phase difference between the d-axis current 36 and the q-axis current 37, but in FIG. 5, there is a phase difference between the d-axis current 38 and the q-axis current 39 at an arbitrary angle. . Due to the current fluctuation caused by this phase difference, an error occurs in the estimation of the magnetic pole position of the motor 21.
- the voltage command calculation unit 25 corrects the phase error between the actual current waveform and the output waveform using the phase compensation amount ⁇ , and accurately estimates the magnetic pole position of the motor. Is possible.
- a value corresponding to the rotation speed (the number of rotations) or the load is acquired in advance and stored as table data.
- the configuration of the storage area in which the phase compensation amount ⁇ is stored is not particularly limited.
- a storage area may be provided in the voltage command calculation unit 25 and stored in the storage area.
- the amplitude phase determination unit 33 of the inverter control unit 13 determines the phase and amplitude from the necessary refrigerant compression amount of the compressor 14 based on the signals from the current sensor 26a and the current sensor 26b, and the PWM signal generation unit based on the determined phase and amplitude. 32 generates a drive signal.
- FIG. 6 is a flowchart for explaining the operation of the voltage command calculation unit 25.
- first step S1 it is determined whether or not the rotation speed (number of rotations) of the motor 21 is equal to or less than a set value or whether the load of the motor 21 is equal to or less than a set value. If the rotational speed (the number of revolutions) or the load is less than or equal to the set value, the process proceeds to the second step S2 for correcting the phase error. If it is not less than the set value, the process directly goes to the third step S3 that is sensorless vector control. move on.
- the voltage command calculation unit 25 estimates the magnetic pole position without correcting the phase error, and calculates the d-axis voltage command value Vd * and the q-axis voltage command value Vq * for driving the motor 21.
- the sensorless vector control is performed, and then the process returns to the first step S1, and the determination of the first step S1 is performed again.
- the process proceeds to the second step S2 according to the determination result in the first step S1 (when the rotational speed (rotation speed) of the motor 21 or the load is equal to or less than the set value), the d-axis current Id and the q-axis current Iq For the phase error.
- sensorless vector control is performed, and then the process returns to the first step S1, and the determination in the first step S1 is performed again.
- each current sensor can accurately detect the current flowing through the motor 21. That is, the current flowing through the motor 21 can be accurately detected while suppressing an increase in cost.
- the magnetic pole position of the motor 21 can be accurately estimated. By accurately estimating the magnetic pole position, it is possible to prevent or suppress the step-out phenomenon caused by the failure or deviation of the magnetic pole position detection.
- the motor 21 can be driven without problems at a lower rotational speed (number of rotations) or lower load than before, and the power consumption of the heat pump device 10 can be reduced.
- Embodiment 2 FIG. In the first embodiment, the heat pump device of the present invention has been described. However, in the present embodiment, the current sensors (the current sensor 26a and the current sensor 26b in the first embodiment) included in the heat pump device of the present invention are described with reference to FIGS. Will be described with reference to FIG.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of the current sensor 26a and the current sensor 26b when a low-resistance resistance element (for example, 10 ⁇ ) is used for the secondary resistance 43 of the ACCT provided in the heat pump apparatus 10.
- a low-resistance resistance element for example, 10 ⁇
- the output voltage is low.
- an amplifier 44 for amplifying to a voltage that can be input to the microcomputer 45 is provided in the subsequent stage of the secondary output.
- the cost is increased by the amplifier 44, and the occupied area of the current sensor 26a and the current sensor 26b is increased.
- the noise is also amplified by the amplifier 44, the detection accuracy of the current sensor 26a and the current sensor 26b is lowered.
- the operational amplifier is illustrated by the ACCT of FIG. 7 as the amplifier 44, it is not limited to this.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of the current sensor 26a and the current sensor 26b when a high-resistance resistance element (for example, 1 k ⁇ ) is used for the secondary resistance 46 of the ACCT provided in the heat pump apparatus 10.
- a high-resistance resistance element for example, 1 k ⁇
- the configuration example shown in FIG. 8 can output a sufficiently high voltage that can be input to the microcomputer without using the amplifier 44 as shown in FIG.
- the resistance value of the secondary resistance 46 is high, so that the magnetomotive force NI of the ACCT becomes high and magnetic saturation occurs when compared with a constant magnetic flux (a constant current).
- a constant magnetic flux a constant current.
- the voltage command calculation unit 25 corrects the phase error.
- a value corresponding to the rotation speed (rotation speed) or load when the secondary resistance 46 having a high resistance value is applied is acquired in advance and stored as table data. This should be referred to when correcting.
- the configuration of the storage area in which the correction signal ⁇ is stored is not particularly limited.
- a storage area is provided in the voltage command calculation unit 25, and the storage area has values used for correction control as in the first embodiment. It suffices if the table 25aa is stored.
- the value used for the correction control is the correction signal ⁇
- the phase compensation amount ⁇ corresponding to the rotational speed (number of rotations) of the motor 21 or the load level is a secondary resistance having a high resistance value measured in advance. The value corresponding to the rotation speed (number of rotations) or load when applying is used.
- the LPF 47 using a resistance element and a capacitive element is provided at the subsequent stage of the secondary output of the ACCT, and harmonic components can be reduced or eliminated.
- the LPF 47 may not be provided. In the case where the LPF 47 is not provided, after the current value is taken into the microcomputer 48, the harmonic component may be reduced or removed by performing averaging with reference to the previous value.
- the LPF 47 corresponds to the LPF 28 of the first embodiment.
- the ACCT can output a sufficient voltage that can be input to the microcomputer without using an amplifier, and the problem due to waveform distortion can be solved. Can do.
- an amplifier is not used in the configuration of FIG. 8, high detection accuracy can be maintained while suppressing an increase in the area occupied by the ACCT.
- the configuration of the present embodiment and the configuration of Embodiment 1 can be combined.
- FIG. 7 may be employ
- the structure of FIG. 8 may be employ
- Embodiment 3 FIG. This Embodiment demonstrates the preferable form of the heat pump apparatus 10 of this invention.
- wide band gap semiconductors are used for the switching elements 27a to 27f (FIG. 2) provided in the heat pump apparatus 10.
- examples of the wide band gap semiconductor that can be used in this embodiment include silicon carbide (also referred to as silicon carbide or SiC), diamond, or a gallium nitride-based material (a material containing gallium nitride as a main component). be able to.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the relationship between the breakdown voltage and the on-resistance of the silicon device (Si device) and the silicon carbide device (SiC device).
- Si device silicon device
- SiC device silicon carbide device
- a current induction heating cooker using a Si device requires a cooling device or a heat radiating fin, but the element loss can be greatly reduced by using a SiC device. It is possible to reduce the size of the heat dissipating fins or to remove them. Therefore, the cost of the device itself can be greatly reduced.
- the switching elements 27a to 27f since wide band gap semiconductors are used for the switching elements 27a to 27f, switching at a high frequency is possible, so that a higher frequency current can be supplied to the motor 21. Therefore, the current flowing into the inverter unit 12 is reduced by reducing the winding current due to the increase in the winding impedance of the motor 21, and a more efficient heat pump device can be obtained.
- the heat pump device of the present invention can operate stably even during low-speed operation by correction control. However, even if sensor information is acquired accurately, the heat pump device is low-speed and high-load. In addition, when a large amount of current flows, the element loss increases, resulting in high temperature operation.
- Examples of the configuration of the switching elements 27a to 27f include an IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor), a power MOSFET having a super junction structure, and the like, but are not limited thereto, and other insulated gate semiconductor elements or bipolar transistors May be used.
- IGBT Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor
- the diodes of the switching elements 27a to 27f provided in the inverter unit 12 may be wide band gap semiconductors. Further, a wide band gap semiconductor may be used for only a part (at least one) of the switching elements provided in the switching elements 27a to 27f. The above effect can also be obtained when a wide bandgap semiconductor is applied to only some elements.
- Embodiment 4 FIG.
- a device such as an air conditioner or a refrigerator to which the heat pump device 10 described in Embodiments 1 to 3 is applied will be described.
- FIGS. 10A and 10B are diagrams illustrating a configuration example of a device including the heat pump device 10.
- FIG. 10-1 shows a configuration example during heating operation
- FIG. 10-2 shows a configuration example during cooling operation. Note that the refrigerant circulation direction is different between FIGS. 10-1 and 10-2, and this switching is performed by a four-way valve 57 described later.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating a Mollier diagram regarding the state of the refrigerant in the heat pump apparatus 10 illustrated in FIGS. 10-1 and 10-2.
- the horizontal axis is the specific enthalpy h
- the vertical axis is the refrigerant pressure P.
- the compressor 49, the heat exchanger 50, the expansion mechanism 51, the receiver 52, the internal heat exchanger 53, the expansion mechanism 54, and the heat exchanger 55 are connected to each other by a pipe, and a main refrigerant circuit in which the refrigerant circulates through the pipe. Is configured.
- the main refrigerant circuit is divided into main refrigerant circuits 56a to 56k in FIGS. 10-1 and 10-2.
- a four-way valve 57 is provided on the discharge side of the compressor 49, and the refrigerant circulation direction can be switched.
- a fan 58 is provided in the vicinity of the heat exchanger 55.
- the compressor 49 corresponds to the compressor 14 in the first to third embodiments (see FIG. 1), and includes the motor 21 and the compression mechanism 20 that are driven by the inverter unit 12. Furthermore, the heat pump device 10 is provided with injection circuits 60a to 60c (shown by bold lines) that connect between the receiver 52 and the internal heat exchanger 53 to the injection pipe of the compressor 49. An expansion mechanism 59 and an internal heat exchanger 53 are connected to the injection circuits 60a to 60c.
- a water circuit (represented by a thick line) composed of a water circuit 61a and a water circuit 61b is connected to the heat exchanger 50, and water is circulated.
- the water circuit 61a and the water circuit 61b are connected to a device that uses water, such as a radiator provided in a water heater, a radiator, or floor heating.
- the refrigerant in the gas phase is compressed by the compressor 49 to be in a high temperature and high pressure state (point A in FIG. 11).
- the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant is discharged from the compressor 49 to the main refrigerant circuit 56a.
- the refrigerant in the main refrigerant circuit 56 a is transferred to the four-way valve 57, and the refrigerant in the main refrigerant circuit 56 b that passes through the four-way valve 57 is transferred to the heat exchanger 50.
- the transferred refrigerant in the main refrigerant circuit 56b is cooled and liquefied by heat exchange in the heat exchanger 50 (point B in FIG. 11). That is, the heat exchanger 50 is a condenser and functions as a radiator in the main refrigerant circuit.
- the water in the water circuit 61a is warmed by the heat radiated from the refrigerant in the main refrigerant circuit.
- the water in the heated water circuit 61b is used for heating or hot water supply.
- the refrigerant in the main refrigerant circuit 56c liquefied by the heat exchanger 50 is transferred to the expansion mechanism 51, and is decompressed by the expansion mechanism 51 to be in a gas-liquid two-phase state (point C in FIG. 11).
- the refrigerant in the main refrigerant circuit 56d in the gas-liquid two-phase state is transferred to the receiver 52, transferred to the compressor 49 by the receiver 52 (refrigerant transferred from the main refrigerant circuit 56j to the main refrigerant circuit 56k), and heat. It is exchanged, cooled and liquefied (point D in FIG. 11).
- the refrigerant in the main refrigerant circuit 56e liquefied by the receiver 52 branches to the main refrigerant circuit 56f and the injection circuit 60a at a point P in FIG. 10-1.
- the refrigerant flowing from the main refrigerant circuit 56f to the internal heat exchanger 53 is further cooled in the internal heat exchanger 53 by heat exchange with the refrigerant transferred from the injection circuit 60b to the injection circuit 60c (point E in FIG. 11).
- the refrigerant flowing through the injection circuit 60b is decompressed by the expansion mechanism 59 and is in a gas-liquid two-phase state.
- the refrigerant in the main refrigerant circuit 56g cooled by the internal heat exchanger 53 is transferred to the expansion mechanism 54 and depressurized to be in a gas-liquid two-phase state (point F in FIG. 11).
- the refrigerant in the main refrigerant circuit 56h which has been in the gas-liquid two-phase state by the expansion mechanism 54, is transferred to the heat exchanger 55, and heat is exchanged with the outside air in the heat exchanger 55 and heated (point G in FIG. 11). That is, the heat exchanger 55 functions as an evaporator in the main refrigerant circuit.
- the refrigerant in the main refrigerant circuit 56 i heated by the heat exchanger 55 is transferred to the four-way valve 57, and the refrigerant in the main refrigerant circuit 56 j passing through the four-way valve 57 is transferred to the receiver 52 and further received by the receiver 52. Heated (point H in FIG. 11), the heated refrigerant in the main refrigerant circuit 56k is transferred to the compressor 49.
- the refrigerant in the injection circuit 60a branched at the point P is decompressed by the expansion mechanism 59 (point I in FIG. 11), and the decompressed refrigerant in the injection circuit 60b is Heat exchange is performed in the internal heat exchanger 53, and a gas-liquid two-phase state is obtained (point J in FIG. 11).
- the refrigerant in the injection circuit 60 c heat-exchanged by the internal heat exchanger 53 is transferred from the injection pipe of the compressor 49 into the compressor 49.
- the refrigerant (point H in FIG. 11) from the main refrigerant circuit 56k is compressed to an intermediate pressure and heated (point K in FIG. 11).
- the refrigerant from the main refrigerant circuit 56k compressed and heated to the intermediate pressure merges with the refrigerant (point J in FIG. 11) in the injection circuit 60c, and the temperature of the refrigerant from the main refrigerant circuit 56k decreases (point in FIG. 11). L).
- the refrigerant whose temperature has decreased (point L in FIG. 11) is further compressed by the compressor 49, heated to become high temperature and pressure (point A in FIG. 11), and discharged from the compressor 49 to the main refrigerant circuit 56a. .
- the heat pump device 10 of the present invention does not have to perform the injection operation.
- the expansion mechanism 59 should be closed and the refrigerant should not flow into the injection pipe of the compressor 49.
- the opening degree of the expansion mechanism 59 may be controlled by a microcomputer or the like.
- the refrigerant in the gas phase is compressed by the compressor 49, resulting in a high temperature and high pressure (point A in FIG. 11).
- the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant is discharged from the compressor 49 to the main refrigerant circuit 56a, passes through the four-way valve 57, and the refrigerant in the main refrigerant circuit 56b that passes through the four-way valve 57 is transferred to the heat exchanger 55. .
- the transferred refrigerant in the main refrigerant circuit 56b is cooled and liquefied by heat exchange in the heat exchanger 55 (point B in FIG. 11). That is, the heat exchanger 55 functions as a condenser and a radiator in the main refrigerant circuit.
- the refrigerant in the main refrigerant circuit 56c liquefied by the heat exchanger 55 is transferred to the expansion mechanism 54 and depressurized, so that it enters a gas-liquid two-phase state (point C in FIG. 11).
- the refrigerant in the main refrigerant circuit 56d in the gas-liquid two-phase state is transferred to the internal heat exchanger 53, and heat is exchanged with the refrigerant transferred from the injection circuit 60b to the injection circuit 60c in the internal heat exchanger 53. It is cooled and liquefied (point D in FIG. 11).
- the refrigerant transferred from the injection circuit 60b is decompressed by the expansion mechanism 59 and is in a gas-liquid two-phase state (point I in FIG. 11).
- the refrigerant (point D in FIG. 11) of the main refrigerant circuit 56e heat-exchanged by the internal heat exchanger 53 branches into the main refrigerant circuit 56f and the injection circuit 60a at a point P in FIG. 10-2.
- the refrigerant in the main refrigerant circuit 56f is heat-exchanged with the refrigerant transferred from the main refrigerant circuit 56j to the main refrigerant circuit 56k, and further cooled (point E in FIG. 11).
- the refrigerant in the main refrigerant circuit 56g cooled by the receiver 52 is decompressed by the expansion mechanism 51 to be in a gas-liquid two-phase state (point F in FIG. 11).
- the refrigerant in the main refrigerant circuit 56h that has been in the gas-liquid two-phase state by the expansion mechanism 51 is heat-exchanged by the heat exchanger 50 and heated (point G in FIG. 11).
- the water in the water circuit 61a is cooled, and the cooled water in the water circuit 61b is used for cooling or freezing. That is, the heat exchanger 50 functions as an evaporator in the main refrigerant circuit.
- the refrigerant in the main refrigerant circuit 56i heated by the heat exchanger 50 passes through the four-way valve 57, and the refrigerant in the main refrigerant circuit 56j that passes through the four-way valve 57 flows into the receiver 52 and is further heated (FIG. 11). Point H).
- the refrigerant in the main refrigerant circuit 56k heated by the receiver 52 is transferred to the compressor 49.
- the refrigerant in the injection circuit 60a branched at point P in FIG. 10-2 is decompressed by the expansion mechanism 59 (point I in FIG. 11).
- the refrigerant in the injection circuit 60b decompressed by the expansion mechanism 59 is heat-exchanged by the internal heat exchanger 53 to be in a gas-liquid two-phase state (point J in FIG. 11).
- the refrigerant of the injection circuit 60 c heat-exchanged by the internal heat exchanger 53 is transferred from the injection pipe of the compressor 49 into the compressor 49.
- the subsequent compression operation in the compressor 49 is the same as in the heating operation. That is, the refrigerant (point A in FIG. 11) that has been compressed and heated to high temperature and high pressure is discharged from the compressor 49 to the main refrigerant circuit 56a.
- the expansion mechanism 59 should be closed and the refrigerant should not flow into the injection pipe of the compressor 49.
- the opening degree of the expansion mechanism 59 may be controlled by a microcomputer or the like.
- the heat exchanger 50 is described as being a heat exchanger (for example, a plate heat exchanger) that exchanges heat between the refrigerant in the main refrigerant circuit and the water in the water circuit.
- the heat exchanger 50 is not limited to this, and may exchange heat between the refrigerant and the air. Further, other fluid may flow in the water circuit instead of water.
- the heat pump device of the present invention can be applied to various heat pump devices using an inverter compressor such as an air conditioner, a heat pump water heater, a refrigerator, and a refrigerator.
- an inverter compressor such as an air conditioner, a heat pump water heater, a refrigerator, and a refrigerator.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Control Of Ac Motors In General (AREA)
- Air Conditioning Control Device (AREA)
- Inverter Devices (AREA)
- Control Of Positive-Displacement Pumps (AREA)
- Control Of Motors That Do Not Use Commutators (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本実施の形態では、本発明のヒートポンプ装置の構成及び動作について図1乃至図6を参照して説明する。
実施の形態1では本発明のヒートポンプ装置について説明したが、本実施の形態では、本発明のヒートポンプ装置が備える電流センサ(実施の形態1における電流センサ26a及び電流センサ26b)について図7及び図8を参照して説明する。
本実施の形態では、本発明のヒートポンプ装置10の好ましい形態について説明する。本実施の形態では、ヒートポンプ装置10に設けられるスイッチング素子27a~27f(図2)にワイドバンドギャップ半導体を用いる。
本実施の形態では、実施の形態1乃至3にて説明したヒートポンプ装置10を適用した機器(空気調和機または冷凍機など)について説明する。
Claims (11)
- モータにより駆動され、冷媒を圧縮する圧縮機と、
前記モータに電圧を印加するインバータ部と、
前記モータに流れる電流を検出する電流センサと、
前記インバータ部へ駆動信号を出力するインバータ制御部と、を備え、
前記インバータ制御部は、
電圧指令値を算出する電圧指令演算部と、
前記電圧指令値に基づいて前記駆動信号を生成する駆動信号生成部と、を備え、
前記駆動信号生成部は、
前記電流センサからの信号により前記圧縮機の必要冷媒圧縮量を決定し、前記必要冷媒圧縮量から振幅と位相を決定して前記駆動信号生成部に前記駆動信号を生成させる振幅位相決定部を備え、
前記電圧指令演算部は、前記モータが設定値以下の回転速度または負荷状態である場合に、該回転速度または該負荷状態に応じて予め計測した位相補償量を用いて前記電流センサからの信号に補正を行うことを特徴とするヒートポンプ装置。 - 前記電圧指令演算部は、
前記電流センサの二次側に設けられる二次側抵抗の抵抗値に応じた補正信号を用いて前記電流センサからの信号に補正を行うことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のヒートポンプ装置。 - 前記電圧指令演算部は補正制御部を有し、
前記補正制御部は、前記電流センサからの信号をd軸成分とq軸成分に分離した後に前記モータの回転速度に応じて補正を行うことを特徴とする請求項1または請求項2に記載のヒートポンプ装置。 - 前記電圧指令演算部は前記補正制御部に記憶領域を有し、
前記記憶領域には、前記回転速度または前記負荷状態に応じた位相補償量がテーブルデータとして記憶されていることを特徴とする請求項3に記載のヒートポンプ装置。 - 前記電圧指令演算部は記憶領域を有し、
前記記憶領域には、前記二次側抵抗の抵抗値に応じた補正信号がテーブルデータとして記憶されていることを特徴とする請求項1乃至請求項4のいずれか一項に記載のヒートポンプ装置。 - 前記インバータ制御部は、
前記電流センサからの信号の高調波ノイズを除去または低減するアナログフィルタまたはデジタルフィルタを備えることを特徴とする請求項1乃至請求項5のいずれか一項に記載のヒートポンプ装置。 - 前記インバータ部に備えられたスイッチング素子のうち、少なくとも1つがワイドバンドギャップ半導体で形成されていることを特徴とする請求項1乃至請求項6のいずれか一項に記載のヒートポンプ装置。
- 前記インバータ部に備えられたスイッチング素子を構成するダイオードが、ワイドバンドギャップ半導体で形成されていることを特徴とする請求項1乃至請求項6のいずれか一項に記載のヒートポンプ装置。
- 前記ワイドバンドギャップ半導体は、
炭化珪素、窒化ガリウム系材料またはダイヤモンドであることを特徴とする請求項7または請求項8に記載のヒートポンプ装置。 - 請求項1乃至請求項9のいずれか一項に記載のヒートポンプ装置を備える空気調和機。
- 請求項1乃至請求項9のいずれか一項に記載のヒートポンプ装置を備える冷凍機。
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PCT/JP2012/075227 WO2014049867A1 (ja) | 2012-09-28 | 2012-09-28 | ヒートポンプ装置、空気調和機及び冷凍機 |
DE112012006959.5T DE112012006959T5 (de) | 2012-09-28 | 2012-09-28 | Wärmepumpenvorrichtung, Klimaanlage und Gefriermaschine |
JP2014538060A JPWO2014049867A1 (ja) | 2012-09-28 | 2012-09-28 | ヒートポンプ装置、空気調和機及び冷凍機 |
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JP2019213247A (ja) * | 2018-05-31 | 2019-12-12 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 回転電機の制御装置 |
CN112272917A (zh) * | 2018-06-18 | 2021-01-26 | 三菱电机株式会社 | 电机驱动装置及制冷循环应用设备 |
CN113300307A (zh) * | 2021-04-29 | 2021-08-24 | 珠海万力达电气自动化有限公司 | 一种具有双网融冰功能的铁路电力***互联装备及控制方法 |
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JP7363596B2 (ja) * | 2020-03-06 | 2023-10-18 | 株式会社豊田自動織機 | 電動圧縮機 |
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CN104641550B (zh) | 2018-05-25 |
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