WO2014032488A1 - 一种微通道热交换器 - Google Patents

一种微通道热交换器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014032488A1
WO2014032488A1 PCT/CN2013/080096 CN2013080096W WO2014032488A1 WO 2014032488 A1 WO2014032488 A1 WO 2014032488A1 CN 2013080096 W CN2013080096 W CN 2013080096W WO 2014032488 A1 WO2014032488 A1 WO 2014032488A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
distributor
header
main
outlet
heat exchanger
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2013/080096
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
俞绍明
Original Assignee
Yu Shaoming
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN201210315518.5A external-priority patent/CN103673404B/zh
Priority claimed from CN201210315505.8A external-priority patent/CN103673403B/zh
Application filed by Yu Shaoming filed Critical Yu Shaoming
Priority to DE112013004284.3T priority Critical patent/DE112013004284B4/de
Priority to US14/423,048 priority patent/US10436483B2/en
Publication of WO2014032488A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014032488A1/zh

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B39/00—Evaporators; Condensers
    • F25B39/02—Evaporators
    • F25B39/028—Evaporators having distributing means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
    • F28D1/053—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight
    • F28D1/0535—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight the conduits having a non-circular cross-section
    • F28D1/05366—Assemblies of conduits connected to common headers, e.g. core type radiators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/0246—Arrangements for connecting header boxes with flow lines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/026—Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/026—Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits
    • F28F9/027—Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits in the form of distribution pipes
    • F28F9/0273—Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits in the form of distribution pipes with multiple holes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/026—Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits
    • F28F9/027—Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits in the form of distribution pipes
    • F28F9/0275—Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits in the form of distribution pipes with multiple branch pipes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F2009/0285—Other particular headers or end plates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2260/00—Heat exchangers or heat exchange elements having special size, e.g. microstructures
    • F28F2260/02—Heat exchangers or heat exchange elements having special size, e.g. microstructures having microchannels

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of refrigeration control technology, and in particular to a microchannel heat exchanger for air conditioning, such as a vehicle, home or commercial microchannel evaporator.
  • microchannel heat exchangers generally include two sets of headers and two sets of headers.
  • a plurality of sets of flat tubes, heat exchange fins, side plates, and the like disposed between the flat tubes.
  • the refrigerant is a gas-liquid two-phase state
  • the refrigerant will further increase the uneven distribution due to the stratification of gas and liquid.
  • a metal guiding tube is generally inserted into the collecting tube as a distribution tube, the tube is inserted into the bottom of the collecting tube, the end is sealed, and at the same time in the tube
  • the circular arc faces are opened or slotted at a certain distance along the length direction, and the refrigerant can be evenly distributed into the flat tubes through the holes or slots for circulation.
  • the microchannel heat exchanger includes two groups.
  • a collecting tube 1 a plurality of sets of flat tubes 3 disposed between the two sets of collecting tubes, and a flat tube 3, a heat exchange fin disposed therebetween, inserting the distributor 2 into the collecting tube 1, and passing In the dispenser 2, a plurality of small holes are provided to distribute fluid to the flat tube.
  • Another technical solution is to insert a metal plate to divide the collecting pipe into two flow paths, and at the same time, the holes are spaced apart or slotted at a certain distance along the length direction to achieve uniform distribution and collection of the refrigerant, as disclosed in US20080023185.
  • Technical solutions are to insert a metal plate to divide the collecting pipe into two flow paths, and at the same time, the holes are spaced apart or slotted at a certain distance along the length direction to achieve uniform distribution and collection of the refrigerant, as disclosed in US20080023185.
  • each hole is responsible for the refrigerant distribution of a flat tube in a region, and one hole corresponds to a plurality of flat tubes, so that the refrigerant flowing out from the holes is locally redistributed.
  • the fluid passing through the distributor is a two-phase flow
  • the two-phase fluid may generate noise when the distributor enters the header, and at the same time, noise may also be generated when the fluid flows into the flat tube. It is difficult for users to accept this noise for air conditioners in which the evaporator is placed indoors.
  • the use of the distributor inserted into the collecting pipe or the opening of the flat plate has the complicated structure of the opening structure, and requires high processing precision.
  • the size and spacing of the flow area of the hole need to be constantly debugged when the uniformity is adjusted in the debugging, the development cycle of the evaporator is too long, and the development cost is relatively high.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a microchannel heat exchanger with relatively small fluid distribution noise, convenient assembly and debugging, and more uniform distribution.
  • the present invention employs the following technical solutions.
  • a microchannel heat exchanger includes a first header located below, a second header located above, and a plurality of sets of flat tubes disposed between the first header and the second header,
  • the microchannel heat exchanger further includes a distributor located outside the first header, the distributor is provided with at least one main outlet at a position on a lower side, and the dispenser is at a position on the upper side.
  • the first header is provided with at least one primary fluid interface, and the primary fluid interface is connected to the main outlet of the distributor through a main connecting pipe, and the microchannel heat exchanger is a secondary fluid interface is disposed on the first header or the second header, the secondary outlet of the distributor is connected to the secondary fluid interface through the secondary connecting pipe, and the height of the distributor is higher than the first The height at which a manifold is located.
  • the main body of the dispenser may be a horizontally disposed tubular structure, the main outlet is two or more, and the main outlet is disposed at a center downward position in the height direction of the dispenser body; the first header
  • the main fluid interface is provided with the same number of main outlets as the distributor, and each main outlet is connected to the main fluid interface through a main connecting pipe.
  • the dispenser body may also be vertically or obliquely disposed.
  • the axis of the main outlet of the dispenser has an angle ⁇ : 60 between the axis of the distributor in the vertical direction. ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 0°; and the center of the main fluid interface of the first header is set at the first
  • the central direction of the height direction of the collecting pipe is upward, and the main fluid interface is located between two adjacent flat pipes; the main outlet of the distributor and the main body are an integral structure processed by extrusion.
  • the dispenser body may be a tubular structure, the dispenser body is vertically or obliquely disposed, and the dispenser is provided with the main outlet at a center downward position in the height direction of the dispenser body, and is additionally distributed.
  • the secondary outlet is disposed at a central upward position in the height direction of the dispenser body; the dispenser is further provided with a first interface connected to the system, and the first interface is disposed at a side of the central portion of the dispenser body The first interface is higher than the height of the main outlet and lower than the height of the secondary outlet.
  • the main fluid interface is disposed at one of two ends or both end portions of the first header, and the main fluid interface of the main outlet of the distributor and the end of the first header passes through the main a connecting tube connection, a height of a main outlet of the distributor being higher than a height of a main fluid interface of an end of the first header; an axis of the main fluid interface being parallel to an axis of the first header, or Vertical, or a 30. Angle between -150°.
  • the first header is divided into two parts by a partition: a main current collecting portion and a auxiliary current collecting portion, wherein the main fluid interface is disposed at the main current collecting portion, and the secondary fluid interface is disposed at the first portion
  • the length of the main collecting portion is six times or more the length of the auxiliary collecting portion; the main collecting portion and the auxiliary collecting portion are respectively connected to the second collecting pipe through the flat pipe.
  • the dispenser is provided with a first interface connected to the system, and the second header is provided with a second interface connected to the system; the center of the first interface connected to the inlet of the distributor is higher than The center position of the height direction of the dispenser body; and the internal equivalent diameter of the dispenser or its internal height D and the internal equivalent diameter d of the main connecting pipe satisfy: 2 ⁇ D/c 10 .
  • the distributor is disposed in parallel with the first header, and the distributor is provided with three or more main outlets, and the main collecting portion of the first collecting tube is provided with the number of main outlets
  • the same main fluid interface, the main outlet and the main fluid interface are evenly arranged in the horizontal direction of the distributor and the main collecting portion of the first header.
  • the secondary outlet is disposed at a top position of the distributor, and a height of at least a portion of the secondary connecting tubes connecting the secondary outlet and the secondary fluid interface of the first header is higher than the distributor, and The height of the secondary connecting pipe portion higher than the distributor is greater than or equal to the inner diameter of the distributor or its internal height D.
  • the separator may not be disposed in the first header, the secondary fluid interface is disposed in the second header, and the secondary outlet is connected from the secondary outlet of the distributor to the second set located above The secondary fluid interface of the flow tube.
  • the secondary fluid interface is disposed between an intermediate position or an intermediate position of the second header and a second end of the second header away from the second interface, and at the secondary outlet and the second of the distributor a check valve is disposed in the secondary connecting pipe between the secondary fluid ports of the header, and is electrically connected from the secondary outlet to the secondary fluid interface of the second header, and the secondary is connected from the second header
  • the fluid interface closes when it is directed toward the secondary outlet of the dispenser.
  • the number of primary fluid interfaces disposed on the first header is less than or equal to 1/2 of the number of flat tubes that are in communication with the primary fluid interface.
  • the present invention provides a flow to the main outlet of the first header by providing a distributor on the opposite upper side of the header and by separately providing a distribution outlet in the upper and lower directions of the distributor.
  • the proportion of the gas in the medium can be greatly reduced, so that the noise of the part of the fluid can be further reduced when it is distributed into the flat tube, and the microchannel heat exchanger is more evenly distributed and the heat exchange is more sufficient, and such a distributor cancels the original setting.
  • the distributor in the collecting pipe solves the problem that it is relatively difficult to process and distribute the small holes on the distributor, and the processing of the parts is relatively easy and the assembly process is relatively simple.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing a connection structure of a microchannel heat exchanger according to a first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a portion of a distributor portion of the microchannel heat exchanger shown in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional structural view of another dispenser portion shown in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional structural view of the dispenser of FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional structural view of a dispenser according to still another embodiment of the present invention. [0025] FIG.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing a connection structure of a microchannel heat exchanger according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a connection structure of a microchannel heat exchanger according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional structural view showing a portion of a distributor portion of the microchannel heat exchanger shown in FIG. 6;
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic view showing a connection structure of a microchannel heat exchanger according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic view showing a connection structure of a microchannel heat exchanger according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic view showing a connection structure of a microchannel heat exchanger according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic view showing a connection structure of a microchannel heat exchanger according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic view showing a connection structure of a microchannel heat exchanger according to an eighth embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic structural view of a prior art.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing a connection structure of a microchannel heat exchanger according to a first embodiment of the present invention, and the illustrated arrow is micro Schematic diagram of the flow direction of the refrigerant when the passage heat exchanger is used as an evaporator;
  • FIG. 2 is a partial transverse sectional structural view of the distributor portion of the microchannel heat exchanger shown in FIG. 1, and
  • FIG. 3 is a lateral view of the distributor shown in FIG. A schematic cross-sectional view of the structure.
  • the microchannel heat exchanger includes a first header 1 located below, a second header 4 located above, a plurality of sets of flat tubes 3 disposed between the first header 1 and the second header 4, and a flat tube
  • the plurality of sets of heat exchange fins 5 disposed between the tubes 3, in order to make the other parts of the figure clearly visible, only the partial flat tubes and the heat exchange fins are shown in the figure;
  • the second header tube 4 is connected with the second The interface 40, the first header 1 is divided into two parts by a partition 11: a main current collecting portion 13 and a secondary current collecting portion 14, wherein the main current collecting portion 13 is provided with two or more main fluid interfaces 12, wherein the auxiliary set The flow portion 14 is provided with at least one secondary fluid interface 15;
  • the distributor 2 The main body 26 is a horizontally disposed tubular structure, which in the present embodiment is a round tube, and may also be a square tube or other geometric tube; the distributor 2 is disposed at a position on the lower side that is equivalent to the number of the main fluid ports
  • the heat exchanger core body is disposed vertically in the axial direction or obliquely upward, and the distributor 2 is horizontally disposed.
  • the distributor 2 and the first header 1 are arranged in parallel.
  • the horizontal position of the distributor 2 is higher than the horizontal position of the first header 1, and the height difference between the distributor 2 and the first header 1 in the vertical direction is greater than or equal to the equivalent outer diameter of the distributor 2, and is less than or equal to the first
  • the outer diameter of the header 1 is 10 times; the distributor 2 can be placed on the windward side and the leeward side of the heat exchanger core A, or on the side, depending on the spatial position of the installation.
  • the plurality of main outlets 21 of the distributor and the plurality of main fluid ports 12 of the first header 1 are substantially evenly distributed, such that the vapor-liquid two-phase refrigerant flowing from the first port 20 passes through the distributor 2 due to the liquid state.
  • the gravity of the refrigerant is greater than the gravity of the vapor refrigerant.
  • the two-phase flow will separate in the distributor.
  • the liquid refrigerant will be collected in a relatively concentrated manner in the lower part of the distributor, and the gaseous refrigerant will be concentrated in the upper space.
  • the gaseous refrigerant Most of them are concentrated on the top of the distributor 2, the secondary outlet 22 from the top enters the secondary header 14 of the first header 1 from the secondary connection pipe 8, and passes through a portion of the flat tube 30 (the outer surface of the flat tube can be finned) In order to enlarge the heat exchange area, it is led to the second header 4 to superheat the gaseous refrigerant.
  • the liquid refrigerant passes through the plurality of main outlets 21 at the lower end of the distributor 2 through the main connecting pipe 7 into the main collecting portion 13 of the first header pipe 1 due to gravity, so that the main collecting portion 13 is basically a liquid refrigerant.
  • the refrigerant thus distributed into the flat tube 3 connected to the main header 13 is also substantially a liquid refrigerant; at the same time, the main header 13 and the auxiliary header 14 of the first header 1 are completely separated by the partition 11
  • the partitioning causes the main collecting portion 13 and the refrigerant of the auxiliary collecting portion 14 to be completely separated, so that the noise problem emitted when the first header is distributed can be solved.
  • the refrigerant flows out of the heat exchanger after the second header 4 merges and flows out through the second interface 40. This achieves the effect of evenly distributing the refrigerant, and at the same time overcomes the noise problems caused by the two-phase flow.
  • FIG. 4 is a dispenser of another embodiment of the present invention.
  • the partition in the above embodiment mainly blocks the two fluids flowing out of the distributor completely, the position of the partition is relatively variable with the change of the refrigeration system, and the length of the main current collecting portion is greater than the auxiliary current collecting portion.
  • the length of the main current collecting portion is six times or more the length of the auxiliary current collecting portion; and the number of the main connecting pipes 7 connected to the main collecting portion is less than or equal to the flat pipe 3 connected to the main collecting portion 13. 1/2 of the number.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the dispenser is preferably a cylinder, but may be other various regular or irregular solid structures of a non-cylindrical body, and the object of the present invention can also be achieved.
  • the main fluid interface 12 connected to the main connecting pipe is uniformly opened at the side of the main collecting portion 13 of the first collecting pipe 1, and is located between the adjacent two flat pipes, so that the distribution effect is relatively good. .
  • the center position of the inlet 201 connected to the dispenser 2 from the first interface 20 is higher than the center line position of the height direction of the dispenser 2.
  • the inner diameter of the distributor 2 or its internal height D and the inner diameter d of the main connecting pipe satisfy: 2 ⁇ D/d 10 .
  • the dispenser may also be as shown in FIG. 2a
  • the main outlet 21e and the main body 26 of the distributor 2e may be an integrated structure processed by extrusion
  • the secondary outlet 22e and the main body 26 may also be squeezed.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing a connection structure of a microchannel heat exchanger according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • the main difference between this embodiment and the first embodiment described above is that the first header and the second header have different structures.
  • the first header is not provided with a partition, and the second The secondary fluid interface 41 is also disposed in the header 4a, and the fluid connected from the secondary outlet 22 of the distributor is connected to the second header 4a located above through the secondary connecting tube 8a instead of being connected to the first set Flow tube.
  • the secondary fluid interface 41 is disposed at an intermediate position or intermediate position of the second header and another half position between the other end of the second header remote from the second interface.
  • the gaseous refrigerant flowing out from the secondary outlet 22 above the distributor 2 is passed from the secondary connecting pipe 8a to the second header 4a, and since the second header is disposed at a relatively upper position, the secondary connecting pipe 8a has a certain length.
  • the refrigerant passing from the secondary connecting pipe 8a to the second header 4a can ensure substantially gaseous refrigerant, and since the pressure of the portion of the refrigerant is relatively high, it can be directly discharged from the second header 4a, thus
  • the inner portion of the distributor 2 can be ensured to be a liquid refrigerant and the temperature of the portion of the liquid refrigerant is lowered, although the portion of the gaseous refrigerant is directly discharged back, However, the overall heat transfer effect will be improved.
  • a one-way valve (not shown) may be disposed in the connecting line between the secondary outlet 22 and the secondary fluid interface 41 of the second header 4a to prevent gaseous refrigerant in the second header 4a. It is poured into the distributor; at the same time, it can prevent the refrigerant from directly entering the distributor without participating in heat exchange through the heat exchanger during heating.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing the connection structure of the microchannel heat exchanger according to the third embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 7 is the microchannel heat exchanger shown in FIG.
  • a schematic cross-sectional view of a portion of the distributor portion, the arrow in the tube is a schematic diagram of the flow direction of the refrigerant when the microchannel heat exchanger is used as an evaporator.
  • the microchannel heat exchanger includes a first header 1 disposed below, a second header 4 opposite to the upper portion, and a plurality of sets of flat tubes 3 disposed between the first header 1 and the second header 4.
  • the second header tube 4 is connected The second interface 40, the first header 1 is divided into two parts by the partition 11: a main current collecting portion 13 and a secondary current collecting portion 14, wherein the main current collecting portion 13 is provided with two or more main fluid ports 12, wherein The auxiliary current collecting portion 14 is provided with at least one secondary fluid interface 15;
  • the distributor 2b is disposed in an oblique manner substantially longitudinally or substantially parallel with the flat tube, and the main body has a longitudinal or oblique tubular structure, in this embodiment
  • the main body of the middle distributor 2b is disposed substantially perpendicular to the first header 1, and the lowermost end of the main body of the distributor 2b is higher than the uppermost end of the first header 1.
  • the distributor 2b is disposed at the lower side thereof.
  • Main outlet 21b connected to main fluid interface 12, main fluid interface 12 and main outlet 21b is connected by a plurality of main connecting pipes 7, such that the distributor 2b is connected to the main collecting portion 13 of the first header pipe 1; in addition, the distributor 2b is provided with at least one secondary outlet 22b at its upper side position, and the secondary outlet 22b It is preferred to provide the secondary fluid interface 15 at the top position, the secondary outlet 22b and the secondary header 14 of the first header 1 being connected by the secondary connection pipe 8. Both ends of the distributor 2b are connected and sealed by a first end cover 123 and a second end cover 124, respectively.
  • the heat exchanger core body is disposed vertically in the axial direction or obliquely upward, and the distributor 2b is disposed substantially vertically or obliquely.
  • the distributor 2b and the first header are arranged. 1 Relatively vertical, the distributor 2b can be placed on the windward side, the leeward side or the side of the heat exchanger core A, depending on the spatial position of the installation.
  • the main fluid interface 12 of the first header 1 is substantially evenly distributed.
  • the secondary outlet 22b from the top enters the secondary header 14 of the first header 1 from the secondary connection pipe 8, and passes through another partial flat tube 30 (flat) connected to the secondary header 14.
  • the outer surface of the tube may be provided with fins to enlarge the heat exchange area), and is led to the second header 4 to superheat the gaseous refrigerant.
  • the liquid refrigerant passes through the main outlet 21b at the lower end of the distributor 2b due to gravity, and is distributed to the plurality of sets of main connecting pipes 7 to enter the main collecting portion 13 of the first collecting pipe 1, so that the main collecting portion 13 is basically
  • the liquid refrigerant, the refrigerant thus distributed into the flat tube 3 connected to the main header 13 is also substantially a liquid refrigerant; and at the same time, the main header 13 and the auxiliary header 14 of the first header 1 are partitioned.
  • the 11 is completely blocked, so that the main collecting portion 13 and the refrigerant of the auxiliary collecting portion 14 are completely separated, so that the noise problem emitted when the first header 1 is dispensed can be solved.
  • the refrigerant flows out of the heat exchanger after the second header 4 merges and flows out through the second interface 40. This achieves the effect of evenly distributing the refrigerant, and at the same time overcomes the noise problem caused by the two-phase flow.
  • the main difference between this embodiment and the embodiment described above is the difference in the structure and installation of the dispenser.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing the connection structure of the microchannel heat exchanger according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • the main difference between this embodiment and the third embodiment described above is that the structure of the first header is different, and the connection mode of the secondary outlet of the dispenser is different.
  • no partition is disposed in the first header la, and the main outlet 21b at the lower end of the distributor 2b is connected to the main fluid interface 12 of the first header la through the main connecting pipe 7, and the upper end of the distributor 2b
  • the secondary outlet 22b is connected to the secondary fluid interface 41 of the second header 4a via the secondary connecting pipe 18, and preferably, the lower end of the distributor 2b is located at a higher level than the upper end of the first header la.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic view showing the connection structure of the microchannel heat exchanger according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention.
  • the microchannel heat exchanger includes a first header lb located below, a second header 4 located above, a plurality of sets of flat tubes 3 disposed between the first header lb and the second header 4, and a flat a plurality of sets of heat exchange fins 5 disposed between the tubes 3; the second headers 4 are connected to the second port 40, and the first headers 1b are separated into two parts by the partitions 11: the main current collecting portion 13, the auxiliary set a flow portion 14, wherein the main current collecting portion 13 is provided with a main fluid interface 16, the main fluid interface 16 is disposed on the opposite side of the auxiliary current collecting portion 14, and the auxiliary current collecting portion 14 is provided with at least one secondary fluid interface 15; 2b is disposed substantially longitudinally, is disposed at a side of the heat exchanger core parallel or
  • the primary outlet 21b being lower than the inlet position of the distributor, the secondary outlet 22b being higher than the inlet position of the distributor, the secondary outlet 22b being preferentially placed at the top position of the vertical, the secondary outlet 22b and the first set
  • the secondary fluid interface 15 of the secondary current collecting portion 14 of the flow tube 1b is connected by the secondary connecting pipe 8.
  • the advantage of this embodiment is that the connection of the distributor to the first header is more convenient, the welding point can be reduced, and since the distributor is arranged longitudinally, the fluid emerging from the main outlet 21b is substantially liquid refrigerant, likewise, The refrigerant passing through the main connecting pipe 25 to the first header lb is also substantially a liquid refrigerant, and this embodiment can also achieve uniform distribution of the refrigerant and overcome the noise generated by the two-phase flow.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of the microchannel heat exchanger according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention.
  • the main difference between the embodiment and the fifth embodiment described above is that the structure of the first header is different, and the connection of the secondary outlet of the dispenser is different.
  • no partition is disposed in the first header lc, and the main outlet 21b at the lower end of the distributor 2b is directly connected to the main fluid interface 16 of the first header lc through the main connecting tube 25, the first set
  • the flow tube lc is basically a liquid refrigerant flowing from the lower end of the distributor 2b, and the secondary outlet 22b at the upper end of the distributor 2b is connected to the secondary fluid interface 41 of the second header 4a through the secondary connection pipe 18, and the secondary connection pipe 18 is connected.
  • a one-way valve can also be provided to prevent backflow of fluid.
  • the lower end of the distributor 2b is placed at a higher height than the first header lc.
  • the main fluid interface 16 of the first header lc is disposed at one end of the first header lc instead of being uniformly disposed on the first header.
  • connection between the distributor and the first header can also adopt other connection manners, as shown in FIG. 11, wherein FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of the microchannel heat exchanger according to the seventh embodiment of the present invention. .
  • the main difference between this embodiment and the fifth embodiment shown in Fig. 9 is that the structure of the first header is different, and the connection structure of the main outlet of the distributor and the first header is different.
  • the first header Id is provided with a connecting portion at one end thereof near the distributor 2d, and the connecting portion is not provided with a flat tube, but a main fluid interface 16d is provided, and the main fluid interface 16d has a certain relationship with the closest flat tube.
  • the spacing between the primary fluid interface 16d and the closest flat tube is greater than twice the distance between two adjacent flat tubes.
  • the distributor 2d is also provided with a main outlet 21d at the lower end, a secondary outlet 22d at the upper end, and a first interface 20d located substantially at the center of the distributor 2d.
  • the first header Id is divided into two parts by a partition lid: a main current collecting portion 13d and a secondary current collecting portion 14d; the main outlet 21d of the distributor 2d is connected through the main connection
  • the connecting pipe 25d is in communication with the main collecting portion 13d, the secondary connecting port 22d is connected to the auxiliary collecting portion 14d through the secondary connecting pipe 8d, and the auxiliary collecting portion 14d is connected to the second collecting pipe 4a through one to two sets of flat pipes;
  • the main connecting pipe 25d is disposed substantially perpendicular to the first header Id, and the axis of the main connecting pipe 25d and the axis of the first header Id may also be 30. -150.
  • the angles are intersected so that the refrigerant entering the first header Id is connected to the first header Id having a relatively large inner diameter by using a circular main connecting pipe 25d having a relatively small inner diameter, and the refrigerant flows.
  • the change in pressure is not large, thus reducing the effect of eddy currents on several flat tubes that are close.
  • FIG. 12 is an eighth embodiment of the present invention.
  • the connecting pipe 18d is connected to the secondary interface 41 of the second header 4a; other connections and uses can be referred to other embodiments described above, and will not be described in detail herein.
  • the source of noise is primarily the flow and injection sound of the refrigerant.
  • the two-phase flow refrigerant passing through the throttle valve may have a jet sound through the lower header.
  • the jet noise has the characteristics of high sound level, wide frequency band and long propagation. It is generated by high-speed air current impact and shearing of the surrounding static gas, causing severe gas disturbance.
  • the bottom header is basically a liquid refrigerant, there is no injection and cavitation noise, and the noise problem caused by the gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant distribution of the microchannel heat exchanger is solved.
  • a distributor is matched with a group of heat exchanger cores, and when the heat exchanger structure is large, such as when the length of the header is long, a set of microchannels may also be used.
  • the heat exchanger is used in combination of two or more sets of dispensers. Specifically, a plurality of sets of distributors are used, so that the refrigerant passing through the plurality of sets of distributors is connected to the first through the main outlet of the distributor through the distributor.

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Abstract

一种微通道换热器，包括第一集流管（1）、第二集流管（4）、多组扁管（3）及位于第一集流管（1）外部的分配器（2）。分配器（2）设有至少一个主出口（21）和至少一个次出口（22）。第一集流管（1）上设有与分配器（2）的主出口（21）通过主连接管（7）连接的至少一个主流体接口（12），第一集流管（1）或第二集流管（2）上设有次流体接口（15），分配器（2）的次出口（22）与次流体接口（15）通过次连接管（8）连接，且分配器（2）所处位置的高度高于第一集流管（1）的高度。

Description

一种 道热交换器
[0001] 本申请要求于 2012 年 8 月 30 日提交中国专利局、 申请号为 201210315505.8、发明名称为"一种 通道热交换器"的中国专利申请的优 先权， 其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
[0002] 本申请要求于 2012 年 8 月 30 日提交中国专利局、 申请号为 201210315518.5、发明名称为"一种 通道热交换器"的中国专利申请的优 先权， 其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
[0003] 本发明涉及制冷控制技术领域， 具体涉及空调用的一种微通道热 交换器， 如车用、 家用或商用微通道蒸发器。
背景技术
[0004] 目前在制冷控制技术领域， 越来越多的蒸发器开始使用微通道热 交换器， 以提高热交换效率， 微通道热交换器一般包括两组集流管、 两 组集流管之间设置的多组扁管、 扁管之间设置的换热翅片、 边板等。 当 冷媒经过膨胀阀节流降压后成为气液两相状态后进入集流管再分配到扁 管的过程中， 每根扁管之间会出现冷媒分配不均匀的现象。 靠近集流管 两端的扁管可能会分配较多的冷媒流量。 同时因为冷媒是气液两相态， 冷媒因为气液的分层现象会进一步加剧分配不均。 为了保证微通道换热 器的冷媒在各扁管内分配均匀 , 一般会在集流管内***一根金属导流管 作为分配管， 该管***到集流管底部， 端部密封， 同时在管的圓弧面上 沿长度方向间隔一定距离开孔或者开槽， 冷媒就可以通过这些孔或者槽 均匀地分配到各扁管内再流通， 如图 13所公开的方案， 微通道热交换器 包括两组集流管 1，、 两组集流管 Γ 之间设置的多组扁管 3，、 扁管 3， 之间设置的换热翅片， 将分配器 2， ***集流管 1，， 并通过在分配器 2， 设置的多个小孔向扁管分配流体。 另外有的技术方案是***一个金属平 板将集流管隔成两个流路， 同时在平板侧面沿长度方向间隔一定距离开 孔或者开槽， 实现冷媒的均匀分配和收集， 如 US20080023185所公开的 技术方案。 [0005] 上面的两种技术方案中都是每一个孔负责一个区域扁管的冷媒分 配， 一个孔对应多个扁管， 使得从孔流出的冷媒在局部再分配。 由于通 过分配器的流体为两相流， 两相流体在分配器进入集流管时可能会产生 噪音， 同时， 流体流进扁管时， 也同样可能会产生噪音。 对于蒸发器置 放于室内的空调， 用户较难接受此噪音。 另外， 上面的两种技术方案中， 采用***到集流管内的分配器或在平板上进行开孔， 都存在开孔结构工 艺复杂， 且要求加工精度较高。 另外由于在在调试分配均匀度时， 需要 不断地去调试孔的流通面积的大小及间距， 也会造成蒸发器开发周期过 长， 开发费用相对较高。
发明内容
[0006] 本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种流体分配噪音相对较小、 装 配调试方便、 分配更均匀的微通道热交换器。 为此， 本发明采用以下技 术方案。
[0007] 一种微通道热交换器， 包括位于下方的第一集流管、 位于上方的 第二集流管、 第一集流管与第二集流管之间设置的多组扁管， 其特征在 于： 所述微通道热交换器还包括位于所述第一集流管外的分配器， 所述 分配器在偏向下侧位置设置有至少一个主出口， 另外分配器在偏向上侧 位置设置有至少一个次出口， 所述第一集流管上设置有至少一个主流体 接口， 主流体接口与所述分配器的主出口通过主连接管连接， 所述微通 道热交换器在所述第一集流管或第二集流管上设置有次流体接口， 所述 分配器的次出口与次流体接口通过次连接管连接， 且所述分配器所处位 置的高度高于所述第一集流管所在的高度。
[0008] 所述分配器的主体可以为呈水平设置的管状结构， 所述主出口为 两个以上， 且主出口设置于分配器主体高度方向的中心向下位置； 所述 第一集流管上设置有与所述分配器的主出口数量相同的主流体接口， 每 一主出口与主流体接口之间通过主连接管连接。
[0009] 另外， 所述分配器主体也可以为垂直设置或斜向设置。
[0010] 所述分配器的主出口的轴线与分配器竖直方向的轴线之间呈一个 夹角 α : 60。 < α < 0° ； 且第一集流管的主流体接口的中心设置在第一 集流管的高度方向的中心向上位置， 且主流体接口位于相邻的两根扁管 之间； 分配器的主出口与主体是通过挤压方式加工而成的一体结构。
[0011] 所述分配器主体可以为管状结构， 所述分配器主体为垂直设置或 斜向设置， 所述分配器在分配器主体高度方向的中心向下位置设置有所 述主出口， 另外分配器在分配器主体高度方向的中心向上位置设置有所 述次出口； 所述分配器上还设置有与***连接的第一接口， 第一接口设 置于所述分配器主体的中部位置的侧部； 第一接口高于所述主出口的高 度， 并低于所述次出口的高度。
[0012] 所述主流体接口设置在所述第一集流管的两端部或两端部之一， 所述分配器的主出口与第一集流管的端部的主流体接口通过主连接管连 接， 所述分配器的主出口的高度高于第一集流管的端部的主流体接口的 高度； 所述主流体接口的轴线与所述第一集流管的轴线平行、 或垂直、 或呈一个 30。 -150° 之间的角度。
[0013] 可选地， 所述第一集流管通过隔板分隔成两部分： 主集流部、 辅 集流部， 其中主流体接口设置在主集流部， 次流体接口设置在第一集流 管的辅集流部， 主集流部的长度是辅集流部长度的 6倍以上； 主集流部、 辅集流部分别通过扁管与第二集流管连接。
[0014] 进一步， 所述分配器设置有与***连接的第一接口， 所述第二集 流管设置有与***连接的第二接口； 第一接口连接到分配器的进口的中 心位置高于所述分配器主体高度方向的中心位置； 且所述分配器的内部 当量直径或其内部高度 D与主连接管的内部当量直径 d之间满足： 2 < D/c 10。
[0015] 进一步， 所述分配器与第一集流管相对平行设置， 所述分配器上 设置有三个以上的主出口， 所述第一集流管的主集流部设置有与主出口 数量相同的主流体接口， 所述主出口、 主流体接口在分配器、 第一集流 管的主集流部水平方向均匀设置。
[0016] 进一步， 所述次出口设置在分配器的顶部位置， 连接次出口与第 一集流管的次流体接口的次连接管中至少有部分管路的高度高于所述分 配器， 且高于所述分配器的次连接管部分的高度大于等于所述分配器的 内径或其内部高度 D。 [0017] 所述第一集流管内也可以不设置隔板， 所述次流体接口设置在第 二集流管， 从所述分配器的次出口通过次连接管连接到位于上方的第二 集流管的次流体接口。
[0018] 进一步， 所述次流体接口设置在第二集流管的中间位置或中间位 置与第二集流管的远离第二接口的另一端之间， 且在分配器的次出口和 第二集流管的次流体接口之间的次连接管中设置有一个单向阀， 从所述 次出口向第二集流管的次流体接口方向时导通， 而从第二集流管的次流 体接口向分配器的次出口方向时关闭。
[0019] 进一步， 所述第一集流管上设置的主流体接口的数量小于等于与 主流体接口连通的扁管的数量的 1/2。
[0020] 这样， 本发明通过在集流管外相对上侧设置分配器， 并通过在分 配器的上、 下两个方向分别设置分配出口， 使流向第一集流管的主出口 中的流体中气体的比例能大幅下降， 从而使这部分流体分配到扁管中时 的噪音能进一步降低， 并使微通道热交换器分配更均匀、 换热更加充分， 且这样的分配器取消了原先设置于集流管中的分配器， 解决了分配器上 加工分配小孔相对难度较大的问题， 零部件的加工总体相对容易且装配 过程相对筒单。
附图说明
[0021] 图 1 是本发明第一种具体实施方式的微通道热交换器的连接结构 示意图；
[0022] 图 2是图 1所示微通道热交换器的分配器部位局部的横向剖视结 构示意图；
[0023] 图 2a是图 1所示另一种分配器部位局部的横向剖视结构示意图； [0024] 图 3是图 2所示分配器的横向剖视结构示意图；
[0025] 图 4是本发明又一具体实施方式的分配器的横向剖视结构示意图；
[0026] 图 5是本发明第二种具体实施方式的微通道热交换器的连接结构 示意图；
[0027] 图 6是本发明第三种具体实施方式的微通道热交换器的连接结构 示意图;
[0028] 图 7是图 6所示微通道热交换器的分配器部位局部的剖视结构示 意图；
[0029] 图 8是本发明第四种具体实施方式的微通道热交换器的连接结构 示意图；
[0030] 图 9是本发明第五种具体实施方式的微通道热交换器的连接结构 示意图；
[0031] 图 10是本发明第六种具体实施方式的微通道热交换器的连接结构 示意图；
[0032] 图 11是本发明第七种具体实施方式的微通道热交换器的连接结构 示意图；
[0033] 图 12是本发明第八种具体实施方式的微通道热交换器的连接结构 示意图；
[0034] 图 13是一种现有技术的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
[0035] 为使本发明的上述目的、 特征和优点能够更加明显易懂， 下面结 合附图对本发明的具体实施方式做详细的说明。
[0036] 其中本发明的第一种具体实施方式如图 1-图 3所示， 图 1是本发 明第一种具体实施方式的微通道热交换器的连接结构示意图， 图示的箭 头为微通道热交换器作为蒸发器使用时的冷媒流动方向示意图； 图 2是 图 1所示微通道热交换器的分配器部位局部的横向剖视结构示意图，图 3 是图 2所示分配器的横向剖视结构示意图。 微通道热交换器包括位于下 方的第一集流管 1、 位于上方的第二集流管 4、 第一集流管 1与第二集流 管 4之间设置的多组扁管 3、 扁管 3之间设置的多组换热翅片 5 , 为使图 中其它部位能够清晰显示， 图中只画出了局部的扁管与换热翅片； 第二 集流管 4连接有第二接口 40, 第一集流管 1通过隔板 11分隔成两部分： 主集流部 13、 辅集流部 14, 其中主集流部 13设置有两个以上的主流体 接口 12, 其中辅集流部 14设置有至少一个的次流体接口 15; 分配器 2 的主体 26为呈水平设置的管状结构， 在本实施方式中为圓管， 另外也可 以为方管或其他几何形状的管件； 分配器 2在偏向下侧位置设置有与主 流体接口 12数量相当的多个主出口 21 ,主流体接口 12与主出口 21通过 主连接管 7连接， 这样分配器 2与第一集流管 1的主集流部 13相连接； 另外分配器 2在偏向上侧位置设置有至少一个次出口 22,次出口 22优先 考虑设置在竖向的顶部位置， 次出口 22与第一集流管 1 的辅集流部 14 的次流体接口 15通过次连接管 8连接。 分配器 2的两端分别通过第一端 盖 23、 第二端盖 24连接密封。
[0037] 具体地， 换热器芯体呈轴向竖直设置或呈斜向上设置， 分配器 2 呈水平设置， 图中的实施方式中分配器 2与第一集流管 1相对平行设置， 分配器 2的水平位置高于第一集流管 1的水平位置， 分配器 2与第一集 流管 1在竖直方向的高度差大于等于分配器 2的当量外径， 且小于等于 第一集流管 1外径的 10倍；分配器 2可以放置在换热器芯体 A的迎风面 及背风面， 或侧面， 具体可随安装的空间位置而定。 分配器的多个主出 口 21、 第一集流管 1的多个主流体接口 12基本呈均匀分布， 这样， 从第 一接口 20流入的汽液两相冷媒， 经过分配器 2时， 由于液态冷媒的重力 要大于汽态冷媒的重力， 两相流在分配器将发生分离， 液态冷媒会相对 集中地汇集于分配器的下半部分， 而气态冷媒会基本集中于上部空间， 这样， 气态冷媒大部分集中在分配器 2顶部， 从顶部的次出口 22由次连 接管 8进入第一集流管 1的辅集流部 14, 再通过一部分扁管 30 (扁管外 表面可加上翅片以扩大热交换面积）， 引至第二集流管 4, 使气态冷媒过 热。 而液态冷媒由于重力作用， 经过分配器 2下端的多个主出口 21经主 连接管 7进入第一集流管 1的主集流部 13 ,这样主集流部 13内基本上都 是液态冷媒， 这样分配到与主集流部 13连接的扁管 3内的冷媒也基本上 是液态冷媒； 同时， 第一集流管 1的主集流部 13与辅集流部 14用隔板 11完全隔断， 使主集流部 13与辅集流部 14的冷媒完全分离， 这样可以 解决第一集流管分配时发出的噪音问题。 冷媒在换热器芯体中经过各自 的路径换热后， 在第二集流管 4汇合后流出热交换器， 并通过第二接口 40流出。 这样能达到均匀分配冷媒的效果， 同时， 也可以克服两相流所 产生的噪音问题。
[0038] 在本实施方式中， 分配器 2的主出口 21是位于下方的， 但本发明 并不限于此， 如图 4所示， 图 4是本发明另一具体实施方式的分配器的 横向剖视结构示意图；本实施方式中分配器 2a的主出口 21a是斜向下方 设置的， 具体地， 主出口 21a的轴线与分配器 2a竖直方向的轴线之间呈 一个夹角 a : 60° < α < 0° 。 另外， 上面实施方式中的隔板主要是使从 分配器中流出的两种流体完全隔断， 隔板位置随制冷***的变化是相对 可变的， 且主集流部的长度大于辅集流部的长度， 主集流部的长度是辅 集流部的长度的 6倍以上； 另外与主集流部连接的主连接管 7的数量少 于或等于与主集流部 13连接的扁管 3的数量的 1/2。 另外， 分配器的截 面形状首选圓柱体， 但也可以为非圓柱体的其他各种规则或不规则的立 体结构， 同样可以实现本发明的目的。 而与主连接管连接的主流体接口 12—般均匀的开在第一集流管 1的主集流部 13的侧面位置，位于相邻的 两根扁管之间， 这样分配效果相对较好。 另外从第一接口 20连接到分配 器 2的进口 201的中心位置高于所述分配器 2高度方向的中心线位置。 分配器 2的内径或其内部高度 D与主连接管的内径 d之间满足： 2 < D/d 10。
[0039] 另外， 分配器还可以如图 2a所示， 分配器 2e的主出口 21e 与主 体 26可以是通过挤压方式加工而成的一体结构，另外次出口 22e 与主体 26也可以是通过挤压方式加工而成的一体结构。 这样可以减少连接接口 及焊接点， 且可以使主出口 21e部位的内壁流动阻力更小。
[0040] 下面介绍本发明的第二种具体实施方式， 如图 5所示， 图 5是本 发明第二种具体实施方式的微通道热交换器的连接结构示意图。 该实施 方式与上面所介绍的第一实施方式的主要区别在于： 第一集流管、 第二 集流管的结构不同， 本实施方式中第一集流管 la内没有设置隔板， 第二 集流管 4a内还设置有次流体接口 41 , 而从分配器的次出口 22连接出来 的流体是通过次连接管 8a连接到位于上方的第二集流管 4a, 而不是连 接到第一集流管。 具体地， 次流体接口 41设置在第二集流管的中间位置 或中间位置与第二集流管的远离第二接口的另一端之间的另一半位置。 这样， 从分配器 2上方的次出口 22流出的气态冷媒就从次连接管 8a通 到第二集流管 4a , 由于第二集流管设置在相对上方位置， 次连接管 8a 具有一定的长度， 这样， 从次连接管 8a通到第二集流管 4a的冷媒可以 保证基本为气态冷媒， 且由于该部分冷媒的压力相对较高， 可以直接从 第二集流管 4a排出， 这样， 还可以使分配器 2内下部保证为液态冷媒且 使该部分液态冷媒的温度降低， 虽然， 这部分气态冷媒是直接排放回去， 但总体的换热效果反而会得到提高。 另外还可以在次出口 22和第二集流 管 4a 的次流体接口 41之间的连接管路中设置一个单向阀（图中未画出 ), 防止第二集流管 4a 内的气态冷媒倒灌至分配器； 同时， 可以防止制热时 冷媒不经过换热器参与换热而直接进入分配器。
[0041] 下面介绍本发明的第三种具体实施方式， 图 6是本发明第三种具 体实施方式的微通道热交换器的连接结构示意图， 图 7是图 6所示微通 道热交换器的分配器部位局部的剖视结构示意图， 图示管内的箭头为微 通道热交换器作为蒸发器使用时的冷媒流动方向示意图。 微通道热交换 器包括位于下方的第一集流管 1、 相对位于上方的第二集流管 4、 第一集 流管 1与第二集流管 4之间设置的多组扁管 3、扁管 3之间设置的多组换 热翅片 5 , 为使图中其它部位能够清晰显示， 其中图中只画出了局部的扁 管与换热翅片； 第二集流管 4连接有第二接口 40, 第一集流管 1通过隔 板 11分隔成两部分： 主集流部 13、 辅集流部 14, 其中主集流部 13设置 有两个以上的主流体接口 12,其中辅集流部 14设置有至少一个的次流体 接口 15;分配器 2b呈大致纵向设置或与扁管呈大致平行状态的斜向设置， 其主体呈纵向或斜向的管状结构， 在本实施方式中分配器 2b的主体与第 一集流管 1大致垂直设置， 且分配器 2b的主体的最下端要高于第一集流 管 1的最上端； 分配器 2b在其下侧位置设置有与主流体接口 12连接的 主出口 21b, 主流体接口 12与主出口 21b通过多根主连接管 7连接， 这 样分配器 2b与第一集流管 1的主集流部 13相连接； 另外分配器 2b在其 上侧位置设置有至少一个次出口 22b,次出口 22b优先考虑设置在顶部位 置， 次出口 22b与第一集流管 1的辅集流部 14的次流体接口 15通过次 连接管 8连接。 分配器 2b的两端分别通过第一端盖 123、 第二端盖 124 连接密封。
[0042] 具体地， 换热器芯体呈轴向垂直设置或呈斜向上设置， 分配器 2b 呈大致竖直设置或斜向设置， 图中的实施方式中分配器 2b与第一集流管 1相对竖直设置， 分配器 2b可以放置在换热器芯体 A的迎风面、 背风面 或侧面， 具体可随安装的空间位置而定。 第一集流管 1的主流体接口 12 基本呈均匀分布， 这样， 从第一接口 20流入的汽液两相冷媒， 经过分配 器 2b时， 由于液态冷媒的重力要大于汽态冷媒的重力， 两相流在分配器 2b 内将发生分离或基本发生分离， 液态冷媒会相对集中地汇集于分配器 2b的下半部分， 而气态冷媒会基本集中于上部空间， 这样， 气态冷媒大 部分集中在分配器 2b顶部， 从顶部的次出口 22b由次连接管 8进入第一 集流管 1的辅集流部 14, 再通过与辅集流部 14连接的另一部分扁管 30 (扁管外表面可加上翅片以扩大热交换面积）， 引至第二集流管 4, 使气 态冷媒过热。而液态冷媒由于重力作用，经过分配器 2b下端的主出口 21b 经分配给多组主连接管 7进入第一集流管 1的主集流部 13 , 这样主集流 部 13 内基本上都是液态冷媒， 这样分配到与主集流部 13连接的扁管 3 内的冷媒也基本上是液态冷媒； 同时， 第一集流管 1的主集流部 13与辅 集流部 14用隔板 11完全隔断， 使主集流部 13与辅集流部 14的冷媒完 全分离， 这样可以解决第一集流管 1 分配时发出的噪音问题。 冷媒在换 热器中经过各自的路径换热后， 在第二集流管 4汇合后流出热交换器， 并通过第二接口 40流出。 这样能达到均匀分配冷媒的效果， 同时， 也可 以克服两相流所产生的噪音问题。 本实施方式与上面介绍的实施方式的 主要区别在于分配器的结构与安装方式的不同。
[0043] 采用基本呈纵向设置的分配器后， 还可以采用其它的连接方式， 如图 8所示， 图 8是本发明第四种具体实施方式的微通道热交换器的连 接结构示意图。 本实施方式与上面介绍的第三实施方式的主要区别在于， 第一集流管的结构不同， 分配器的次出口的连接方式不同。 具体地， 该 实施方式中第一集流管 la中没有设置隔板，分配器 2b下端的主出口 21b 通过主连接管 7与第一集流管 la的主流体接口 12连接， 分配器 2b上端 的次出口 22b通过次连接管 18与第二集流管 4a的次流体接口 41连接， 同样优选地， 分配器 2b的下端所处的高度高于第一集流管 la的高度方 向的上端。
[0044] 采用基本呈纵向设置的分配器后， 还可以采用其它的安装连接方 式， 如图 9所示， 图 9是本发明第五种具体实施方式的微通道热交换器 的连接结构示意图。 微通道热交换器包括位于下方的第一集流管 lb、 位 于上方的第二集流管 4、 第一集流管 lb与第二集流管 4之间设置的多组 扁管 3、 扁管 3之间设置的多组换热翅片 5; 第二集流管 4连接有第二接 口 40, 第一集流管 lb通过隔板 11分隔成两部分： 主集流部 13、 辅集流 部 14, 其中主集流部 13设置有一个主流体接口 16, 主流体接口 16设置 在辅集流部 14的相对侧， 另外辅集流部 14设置有至少一个次流体接口 15; 分配器 2b大致呈纵向设置， 与扁管 3平行或呈一定角度地设置在换 热器芯体的侧部； 分配器 2b在偏向下侧位置设置有与主流体接口 16连 接的主出口 21b, 主流体接口 16与主出口 21b通过主连接管 25连接， 这 样分配器 2b与第一集流管 lb的主集流部 13相连接； 另外分配器 2b在 偏向上侧位置设置有至少一个次出口 22b,主出口 21b低于分配器的进口 位置， 次出口 22b高于分配器的进口位置， 次出口 22b优先考虑设置在 竖向的顶部位置， 次出口 22b与第一集流管 lb的辅集流部 14的次流体 接口 15通过次连接管 8连接。 这一实施方式的优点是分配器与第一集流 管的连接更加筒单方便， 可减少焊接点， 且由于分配器呈纵向设置， 从 主出口 21b出来的流体基本上是液态冷媒， 同样， 通过主连接管 25到第 一集流管 lb 的冷媒也基本上为液态冷媒，这种实施方式同样可以达到均 匀分配冷媒， 并克服因两相流而产生的噪音。
[0045] 另外， 分配器的次出口也可以采用与第二集流管连接， 如图 10所 示， 图 10是本发明第六种具体实施方式的微通道热交换器的连接结构示 意图； 本实施方式与上面介绍的第五实施方式的主要区别在于， 第一集 流管的结构不同， 分配器的次出口的连接方式不同。 具体地， 该实施方 式中第一集流管 lc中没有设置隔板， 分配器 2b下端的主出口 21b通过 主连接管 25直接与第一集流管 lc的主流体接口 16连接，第一集流管 lc 内基本都是从分配器 2b下端流动过来的液态冷媒， 分配器 2b上端的次 出口 22b通过次连接管 18与第二集流管 4a的次流体接口 41连接，次连 接管 18上也可以设置单向阀以防止流体倒流。 同样地， 分配器 2b的下 端所处的高度高于第一集流管 lc的高度。 第一集流管 lc的主流体接口 16设置在第一集流管 lc 的一端， 而不是均匀设置于第一集流管上。
[0046] 另外， 分配器与第一集流管的连接还可以采用其它连接方式， 如 图 11所示， 其中图 11是本发明第七种具体实施方式的微通道热交换器 的连接结构示意图。 这种实施方式与图 9所示的第五实施方式的主要区 别在于， 第一集流管的结构有所不同、 分配器的主出口与第一集流管的 连接结构不同。 第一集流管 Id在其靠近分配器 2d 的一端设置有一个连 接部， 连接部没有设置扁管， 而是设置了主流体接口 16d , 主流体接口 16d与最接近的扁管之间具有一定的间距， 主流体接口 16d与最接近的 扁管之间的距离大于相邻两根扁管之间的距离的两倍。 分配器 2d同样设 置有一个位于下端的主出口 21d, 位于上端的次出口 22d, 第一接口 20d 大致位于分配器 2d的中部位置。 第一集流管 Id通过隔板 lid分隔成两 部分： 主集流部 13d、 辅集流部 14d; 分配器 2d 的主出口 21d通过主连 接管 25d与主集流部 13d连通， 次出口 22d通过次连接管 8d与辅集流部 14d连通， 辅集流部 14d通过一到两组扁管连接到第二集流管 4a; 主连 接管 25d与第一集流管 Id大致垂直设置， 主连接管 25d的轴线与第一集 流管 Id的轴线也可以呈 30。 -150。 的角度相交设置，这样通过进入第一 集流管 Id 的冷媒，由于是采用了内径相对较小的圓形主连接管 25d管接 到内径相对较大的第一集流管 Id上， 冷媒流动时压强的变化也不大， 从 而减小涡流对靠近的几根扁管的影响。
[0047] 同样地， 采用这样的连接方式后， 分配器的次出口也是可以直接 连接到第二集流管上的， 如图 12所示， 连接图 12是本发明第八种具体 实施方式的微通道热交换器的连接结构示意图， 这一连接方式与图 11所 示的第七实施方式的主要区别在于： 第一集流管 le 内没有设置隔板， 分 配器的主出口 22d是通过次连接管 18d连接到第二集流管 4a的次接口 41上； 其他的连接与使用可以参照上面介绍的其它实施方式， 这里不再 详细介绍。
[0048] 对于微通道热交换器来说， 噪音的来源主要是制冷剂的流动声和 喷射声。 进一步来说， 对于作为蒸发器使用的微通道热交换器， 经过节 流阀之后的两相流冷媒经过下部集流管可能会有喷射声。 喷射噪声具有 声级高、 频带宽、 传播远的特点， 是由高速气流沖击和剪切周围静止气 体， 引起剧烈的气体扰动而产生的。 而当底部集流管基本为液态冷媒时， 就不会存在喷注和空化噪音， 进而解决了微通道换热器气液两相的冷媒 分配而产生的噪音问题。
[0049] 另外上面介绍的实施方式中都是一个分配器与一组换热器芯体配 套， 在换热器结构较大时， 如集流管的长度较长时， 也可以一组微通道 热交换器采用两组或更多组分配器进行结合使用， 具体地， 是采用多组 分配器， 使经过多组分配器后的冷媒经分配器后分别通过分配器的主出 口连接到第一集流管的多个主流体接口， 而使分配器的次出口连接到第 一集流管的次流体接口或第二集流管， 这样， 可以满足相对较大的微通 道热交换器的使用， 其它具体结构可以参照上面所描述的具体实施方式， 这里不再详细介绍。
[0050] 以上所述， 仅是本发明的较佳实施例而已， 并非对本发明作任何 形式上的限制。 虽然本发明已以较佳实施例揭露如上， 然而并非用以限 定本发明。 说明书中所用到的方位词如上下、 内外只是为了说明清楚， 而不应视作对本发明的限制。 任何熟悉本领域的技术人员， 在不脱离本 发明技术方案范围情况下， 都可利用上述揭示的方法和技术内容对本发 明技术方案做出许多可能的变动和修饰， 或修改为等同变化的等效实施 例， 如将上面所描述的实施方式进行组合、 或替代等等。 因此， 凡是未 脱离本发明技术方案的内容， 依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所做 的任何筒单修改、 等同变化及修饰， 均仍属于本发明权利要求保护的范 围内。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1、 一种微通道热交换器， 包括位于下方的第一集流管、 位于上方的 第二集流管、 第一集流管与第二集流管之间设置的多组扁管， 其特征在 于： 所述微通道热交换器还包括位于所述第一集流管外的分配器， 所述 分配器在偏向下侧位置设置有至少一个主出口， 另外分配器在偏向上侧 位置设置有至少一个次出口， 所述第一集流管上设置有至少一个主流体 接口， 主流体接口与所述分配器的主出口通过主连接管连接， 所述微通 道热交换器在所述第一集流管或第二集流管上设置有次流体接口， 所述 分配器的次出口与次流体接口通过次连接管连接， 且所述分配器所处位 置的高度高于所述第一集流管所在的高度。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的微通道热交换器， 其特征在于， 所述分配 器的主体为呈水平设置的管状结构， 所述主出口为两个以上， 且主出口 设置于分配器主体高度方向的中心向下位置； 所述第一集流管上设置有 与所述分配器的主出口数量相同的主流体接口， 每一主出口与主流体接 口之间通过主连接管连接。
3、 根据权利要求 2所述的微通道热交换器， 其特征在于， 所述分配 器的主出口的轴线与分配器竖直方向的轴线之间呈一个夹角 α : 60° < α < 0° ； 且第一集流管的主流体接口的中心设置在第一集流管的高度方 向的中心向上位置， 且主流体接口位于相邻的两根扁管之间； 所述分配 器的主出口与主体是通过挤压方式加工而成的一体结构。
4、 根据权利要求 1所述的微通道热交换器， 其特征在于， 所述分配 器主体为管状结构， 所述分配器主体为垂直设置或斜向设置， 所述分配 器在分配器主体高度方向的中心向下位置设置有所述主出口， 另外分配 器在分配器主体高度方向的中心向上位置设置有所述次出口； 所述分配 器上还设置有与***连接的第一接口， 第一接口设置于所述分配器主体 的中部位置的侧部； 第一接口高于所述主出口的高度， 并低于所述次出 口的高度。
5、 根据权利要求 4所述的微通道热交换器， 其特征在于， 所述主流 体接口设置在所述第一集流管的两端部或两端部之一， 所述分配器的主 出口与第一集流管的端部的主流体接口通过主连接管连接， 所述分配器 的主出口的高度高于第一集流管的端部的主流体接口的高度； 所述主流 体接口的轴线与所述第一集流管的轴线平行、或垂直、或呈一个 30。 -150 ° 之间的角度。
6、根据权利要求 1-5中任一项所述的微通道热交换器，其特征在于， 所述第一集流管通过隔板分隔成两部分： 主集流部、 辅集流部， 其中主 流体接口设置在主集流部， 次流体接口设置在第一集流管的辅集流部， 主集流部的长度是辅集流部长度的 6倍以上； 主集流部、 辅集流部分别 通过扁管与第二集流管连接。
7、 根据权利要求 5所述的微通道热交换器， 其特征在于， 所述分配 器设置有与***连接的第一接口， 所述第二集流管设置有与***连接的 第二接口； 第一接口连接到分配器的进口的中心位置高于所述分配器主 体高度方向的中心位置； 且所述分配器的内部当量直径或其内部高度 D 与主连接管的内部当量直径 d之间满足： 2 D/d 10。
8、根据权利要求 1-3中任一项所述的微通道热交换器，其特征在于， 所述分配器与第一集流管相对平行设置， 所述分配器上设置有三个以上 的主出口， 所述第一集流管的主集流部设置有与主出口数量相同的主流 体接口， 所述主出口、 主流体接口在分配器、 第一集流管的主集流部水 平方向均匀设置。
9、 根据权利要求 8所述的微通道热交换器， 其特征在于， 所述次出 口设置在分配器的顶部位置， 连接次出口与第一集流管的次流体接口的 次连接管中至少有部分管路的高度高于所述分配器， 且高于所述分配器 的次连接管部分的高度大于等于所述分配器的内径或其内部高度0。
10、根据权利要求 1-5中任一项所述的微通道热交换器，其特征在于， 所述第一集流管内没有设置隔板， 所述次流体接口设置在第二集流管， 所述分配器的次出口通过次连接管连接到第二集流管的次流体接口。
11、 根据权利要求 10所述的微通道热交换器， 其特征在于， 所述次 流体接口设置在第二集流管的中间位置或中间位置与第二集流管的远离 第二接口的另一端之间， 且在分配器的次出口和第二集流管的次流体接 口之间的次连接管中设置有一个单向阀， 从所述次出口向第二集流管的 次流体接口方向时导通， 而从第二集流管的次流体接口向分配器的次出 口方向时关闭。
12、 根据上述权利要求任一所述的微通道热交换器， 其特征在于， 所述第一集流管上设置的主流体接口的数量小于等于与主流体接口连通 的扁管的数量的 1/2。
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