WO2014020910A1 - 未溶着量の測定方法及び超音波探傷装置 - Google Patents
未溶着量の測定方法及び超音波探傷装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014020910A1 WO2014020910A1 PCT/JP2013/004637 JP2013004637W WO2014020910A1 WO 2014020910 A1 WO2014020910 A1 WO 2014020910A1 JP 2013004637 W JP2013004637 W JP 2013004637W WO 2014020910 A1 WO2014020910 A1 WO 2014020910A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
- G01N29/11—Analysing solids by measuring attenuation of acoustic waves
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
- G01N29/24—Probes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
- G01N29/24—Probes
- G01N29/2487—Directing probes, e.g. angle probes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/44—Processing the detected response signal, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor
- G01N29/4409—Processing the detected response signal, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor by comparison
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/44—Processing the detected response signal, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor
- G01N29/4409—Processing the detected response signal, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor by comparison
- G01N29/4436—Processing the detected response signal, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor by comparison with a reference signal
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/04—Wave modes and trajectories
- G01N2291/044—Internal reflections (echoes), e.g. on walls or defects
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/26—Scanned objects
- G01N2291/267—Welds
Definitions
- the technique described in the present specification relates to a method for measuring a penetration depth of a welded portion (that is, a method for measuring an unwelded amount) and an ultrasonic flaw detector used therefor.
- a steel deck that directly supports a live load is composed of a deck plate and vertical and horizontal ribs welded to the back surface of the deck plate.
- a welded structure In such a welded structure, fatigue cracks may occur starting from the welded part due to long-term use. For this reason, in the road bridge specifications, in order to ensure sufficient fatigue resistance, the penetration depth at the welded portion of the deck plate and the U-rib having a U-shaped cross-section widely used as a vertical rib is the rib plate. It is specified that it is 75% or more of the thickness.
- Ultrasonic inspection which is a kind of nondestructive inspection, is often used for inspection of welding quality in steel decks, etc., but a technique for directly measuring the penetration depth of the welded portion has not been sufficiently established.
- the penetration depth can be guaranteed only by checking the welding construction record, and it is difficult to obtain sufficient reliability.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above points, and is a method for measuring a penetration depth of a welded portion that can sufficiently ensure the reliability of a product manufactured by welding (in other words, a method for measuring an unwelded amount).
- the purpose is to provide.
- One embodiment of the present disclosure is a method for measuring an unwelded amount of a welded portion when welding a first member to a second member.
- an echo returned to the probe by hitting an unwelded portion of a welded portion is defined as an F echo, and the reference level for evaluating the height of the F echo is used as the reference level.
- the method includes a step of obtaining beam path length information based on an echo height and an echo height division line, and a step of obtaining a regression equation representing a relationship between the beam path length information and an unwelded amount.
- the reference level used to evaluate the F echo height in this measurement method is the echo height division line defined in JIS Z 3060 “Ultrasonic flaw detection test method for steel welds”, specifically, One selected from the L / 2 line, the L line, the M line, and the H line.
- the probe is arranged in a direction in which the ultrasonic beam is perpendicular to the weld line with respect to the weld specimen, and the probe is arranged in the ultrasonic beam direction.
- the beam path length is determined by the height of the F echo that is irradiated from the probe at a predetermined refraction angle, hits the unwelded portion of the welded portion, and returns to the probe, and the echo height division line. Ask for information.
- the height of the F echo decreases when it exceeds 0.5 skip and increases near 1.5 skip.
- a measurement method for example, a method using the beam path when the F echo exceeds 0.5 skip and falls to the reference level as the above-mentioned beam path information (so-called beam path method), and a reference in the vicinity of 1.5 skip.
- beam path method a method using the beam path when the F echo exceeds 0.5 skip and falls to the reference level as the above-mentioned beam path information
- a reference in the vicinity of 1.5 skip There is a method of taking a beam path range (trajectory width) corresponding to the range exceeding the level and using this as beam path information (so-called trajectory width method).
- the above-described regression equation is obtained based on the relationship between the beam path length or the trajectory width read here and the unwelded amount.
- the probe that irradiates an ultrasonic beam with respect to a weld line between the first member and the second member is disposed, and a predetermined amount is provided from the probe.
- the beam path information is obtained by measuring the height of the F echo that has been irradiated at a refraction angle and returned to the probe after hitting an unwelded portion, and the beam path information is applied to the regression equation to obtain the unwelded Calculating the quantity.
- the penetration depth is obtained by subtracting the unwelded amount calculated from the plate thickness of the first member.
- An ultrasonic flaw detector includes a probe that irradiates an object with ultrasonic waves, controls the operation of the probe, is reflected by an unwelded portion of the object, and A flaw detection unit that measures the height and beam path length of an ultrasonic wave that has returned to the probe, an AD conversion unit that converts a measurement value measured by the flaw detection unit into a digital value, and the AD conversion unit A signal storage unit for storing the converted measurement value; a memory for storing echo height division line data; and regression equation data representing a relationship between beam path information and an unwelded amount; and the signal storage unit Based on the measurement value stored in the memory and the data stored in the memory, an unwelded amount calculation unit that calculates an unwelded amount at the welded portion between the first member and the second member that are the objects; It has.
- the unwelded amount calculation unit calculates a trajectory width in which the height of the F echo returned to the probe on the first member is a range of a beam path exceeding the echo height division line.
- the unwelded amount may be calculated by obtaining the beam path length information and applying the locus width to the regression equation.
- the unwelded amount calculation unit uses, as the beam path information, a beam path length at which the height of the F echo returned to the probe on the first member is equal to the echo height division line.
- the unwelded amount may be calculated by obtaining and applying the beam path length to the regression equation.
- ultrasonic flaw detectors it is possible to automatically calculate the unwelded amount, thereby preventing human error. Further, even if the operator is not skilled in measurement, it is possible to automatically calculate the beam path length information and the unwelded amount based on the measurement result.
- the ultrasonic flaw detector determines that it is unacceptable, and the unwelded amount is equal to or less than the reference value. May further include a determination unit that determines that the test is acceptable.
- Fig.1 (a) is a perspective view which shows the steel deck which comprises a bridge, (b) is a side view which expands and shows the welding part vicinity of a U rib and a deck plate.
- 2 (a) is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a test piece (RB-41.No. 1) used in the measurement method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, and (b) is shown in (a). It is a figure which shows the echo height division line obtained using the test piece, (c) is a figure which shows a response
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an echo height division line obtained by using a predetermined test piece and a trajectory of the F echo returned to the probe.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an echo height division line obtained by using a predetermined test piece and a trajectory of the F echo returned to the probe.
- FIG. 4A is a diagram showing a state where a U-rib having a thickness of 6 mm is scanned back and forth using a probe
- FIG. 4B is a diagram showing a trajectory width based on a measurement result of an object. is there.
- FIG. 5 shows the relationship between the locus width (mm) and the unwelded amount (mm) obtained when the thickness of the U rib is 6 mm and the L line of the echo height division line is used as the reference level. It is a figure which shows an example of a regression equation.
- FIG. 6A is a diagram showing a state in which a U-rib having a thickness of 8 mm is scanned back and forth using a probe
- FIG. 6B is a diagram showing a trajectory width based on a measurement result of an object. is there.
- FIG. 7 shows the relationship between the locus width (mm) and the unwelded amount (mm) obtained when the plate thickness of the U rib is 8 mm and the M line of the echo height division line is used as the reference level. It is a figure which shows an example of a regression equation.
- Fig.8 (a) is a block block diagram which shows an example of the ultrasonic flaw detector used for the measuring method of the penetration depth of the welding part which concerns on one Embodiment of this indication, (b) is based on a display part. It is a figure which shows an example of the measurement result in the displayed several places.
- FIG. 9A is a diagram illustrating a state in which a U-rib is scanned back and forth using a probe
- FIG. 9B is a diagram illustrating a beam path based on a measurement result of an object.
- FIG. 10 shows an example of a regression equation representing the relationship between the beam path length (mm) and the unwelded amount (mm) obtained when the plate thickness of the U rib is 6 mm and the L / 2 line is used as the reference level.
- FIG. FIG. 11 shows an example of a regression equation representing the relationship between the beam path length (mm) and the unwelded amount (mm) obtained when the plate thickness of the U rib is 8 mm and the L / 2 line is used as the reference level.
- FIG. FIG. 10 shows an example of a regression equation representing the relationship between the beam path length (mm) and the unwelded amount (mm) obtained when the plate thickness of the U rib is 6 mm and the L / 2 line is used as the reference level.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating a beam path based on the measurement result of the object.
- FIG. 13 shows an example of a regression equation representing the relationship between the beam path length (mm) and the unwelded amount (mm) obtained when the plate thickness of the U rib is 8 mm and the L line is used as the reference level.
- FIG. 13 shows an example of a regression equation representing the relationship between the beam path length (mm) and the unwelded amount (mm) obtained when the plate thickness of the U rib is 8 mm and the L line is used as the reference level.
- FIG. 1 (a) is a perspective view showing a steel slab constituting a bridge
- FIG. 1 (b) is an enlarged view of the vicinity of a welded portion between U-rib and deck plate (region A shown in FIG. 1 (a)).
- FIG. 1 (a) is a perspective view showing a steel slab constituting a bridge
- FIG. 1 (b) is an enlarged view of the vicinity of a welded portion between U-rib and deck plate (region A shown in FIG. 1 (a)).
- a steel floor slab 1 shown in FIG. 1 (a) is a flat deck plate (second member) 2 and a U-rib (first member) welded to the back surface of the deck plate 2 and having a U-shaped cross section. Member) 3.
- a weld bead 5 having a predetermined penetration depth that is, having a predetermined unwelded amount is formed at a welded portion between the U rib 3 and the deck plate 2.
- the steel slab 1 is a measurement target.
- FIG. 2 (b) is a diagram showing an echo height division line obtained using the test piece shown in FIG. 2 (a).
- FIG. 3 shows the echo height division line and the probe. It is a figure which shows the locus
- the relative height of the F echo is obtained on the basis of the echo height division line, and the relative echo height and the height of the remaining portion of the welded portion of the test piece (that is, the unfilled portion).
- a calculation curve is created using the relationship with the welding amount), and a method for calculating the unwelded amount in the measurement object using this calculation curve is described.
- Patent Document 2 F echo is measured at a position set according to the thickness of the U rib, the incident angle of the pulse, and the like to create master data, and the F echo observed at the position of the measurement object is recorded. A method of calculating the unwelded amount by applying to the master data is described.
- the position of the probe is fixed and echoes reflected by the back surface facing the surface with which the probe contacts (so-called so-called) It is also conceivable to calculate the unwelded amount of the object to be measured using the ratio between the B echo and the F echo as an index.
- the amplitude of the measurement value of the B echo is larger than that of the F echo, and the measurement value is not stable.
- the inventors of the present application have found that the beam path length at which the height of the F echo is equal to the predetermined echo height division line, or the height of the F echo.
- the range of the beam path in the range exceeding the predetermined echo dividing line shows a good relationship with the unwelded amount in the welded portion.
- the inventors define the above-mentioned beam path and the range of the beam path as beam path information, and apply an ultrasonic beam at a predetermined angle to the surface where the weld beads of a plurality of weld specimens having different unwelded amounts are present.
- the probe to be irradiated is scanned, the beam path information is obtained from the F echo returned to the probe by hitting the unwelded portion of the welded portion, and a regression equation is obtained based on the relationship between the beam path information and the unwelded amount. Obtained.
- the inventors of the present application have conceived and actually confirmed that the amount of unwelded can be measured accurately and easily by applying the beam path information of the F echo measured for the measurement object.
- embodiments of the present invention will be specifically described.
- “trajectory width” means a range of a beam path in which the height of the F echo exceeds a predetermined echo division line set as a reference level (for example, W2-W1 shown in FIG. 3).
- the inventors of the present application perform ultrasonic measurement of an object, obtain a “trajectory width” from the measurement result, and confirm that the unwelded amount is obtained by applying this to a regression equation prepared in advance. did.
- an ultrasonic flaw detection test is performed in advance by the following procedure before an object to be measured is measured, and an echo height division line is obtained.
- the measurement method according to this embodiment is a method based on JIS Z 3060 (2002) “Ultrasonic flaw detection test method for steel welds”.
- ⁇ ⁇ Use a model that conforms to JIS Z 2352 as the ultrasonic flaw detector.
- B5K10 ⁇ 10A70 is used as the probe.
- the transducer dimensions of this probe are 10 mm ⁇ 10 mm, the frequency of the ultrasonic wave irradiated from the probe to the standard test piece is 5 MHz, and the refraction angle is 70 °.
- A1 type STB is used as the standard test piece, and RB-41 No. 1 is used.
- As the contact medium applied between the test piece and the probe glycerin paste or water is used.
- the incident point and refraction angle are measured and the time axis is adjusted.
- RB-41-No. 1 are sequentially arranged at positions (1) to (6) shown in FIG. 2 (a) on the upper surface and the rear surface of RB-41, and RB-41 No. 1 is irradiated with ultrasonic waves and the echo height in a predetermined standard hole is measured.
- the maximum echo height measured at the standard hole is plotted against the beam path length as the H-line, which is the reference flaw detection sensitivity.
- the M line is a line showing a value 6 dB lower than the H line
- the L line is a line showing a value 6 dB lower than the M line
- the L / 2 line is a line showing a value 6 dB lower than the L line. is there.
- the echo height division line shown in FIG. 2B is obtained.
- an ultrasonic beam is formed at a predetermined angle (for example, a right angle) with respect to the weld line with respect to a plurality of welded specimens composed of the U rib 3 and the deck plate 2 and having different unwelded amounts.
- Ultrasonic measurement is performed by scanning the probe 7 on the U-rib 3 forward or backward, for example, in such a direction.
- the thickness of the U rib 3 is 6 mm, which is the same as the U rib to be measured.
- the height of the F echo which is irradiated from the probe 7 at a predetermined refraction angle (for example, 70 °) and hits the unwelded portion of the welded portion and returns to the probe 7 is measured.
- the trajectory width is obtained from the measurement result of the F echo using the echo height division line, and the regression equation is obtained based on the relationship between the trajectory width and the unwelded amount.
- the L line of the echo height division line is used as the reference level for evaluating the F echo height.
- the reference level is not limited to the L line as long as it can accurately estimate the unwelded amount, and can be arbitrarily set.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of a regression equation representing the relationship between the trajectory width (mm) and the unwelded amount (mm) obtained when the plate thickness of the U rib is 6 mm.
- This regression equation can be obtained by plotting the measurement result and using, for example, the least square method.
- the locus width is obtained from the height of the measured F echo using the L line of the echo height division line shown in FIG. 3B as a reference level. Subsequently, by applying the obtained trajectory width to the regression equation shown in FIG. 5, the unwelded amount at the welded portion of the steel deck 1 can be calculated.
- the steel floor slab 1 is a measurement object, according to the above-mentioned road bridge specification, it is a criterion that the penetration depth is 75% or more of the U-rib plate thickness, and the thickness of the U-rib 3 is 6 mm. Then, if the unwelded amount is 1.5 mm or less, it is determined to be acceptable, and if it exceeds 1.5 mm, it is determined to be unacceptable.
- the measuring object of the measuring method of this embodiment is not restricted to a steel deck, but can be applied to any structure produced by welding.
- the unwelded amount of the welded portion can be calculated based on the measurement result of the actually welded product, it is possible to perform pass / fail determination of the penetration depth for each product. It becomes possible. Therefore, a highly reliable product can be shipped, and a bridge that is less prone to fatigue cracks can be constructed. Furthermore, since the echo height division line used in the measurement, the regression equation, the measurement result of the steel deck 1 that was the measurement object, etc. remain as data, the inspection results should be verified later using these data. Can do.
- the measurement error of the unwelded amount can be reduced to about ⁇ 0.5 mm or less even when the thickness of the U rib 3 is 6 mm, which is more accurate than before. It has been confirmed that high measurement can be achieved.
- the amount of welding can be measured without using a B echo whose measurement value is unstable, so that the measurement accuracy is increased as compared with the method using the ratio of the B echo and the F echo. Can do.
- the measurement method according to the present embodiment conforms to JIS Z 3060 (2002) “Ultrasonic flaw detection test method for steel welds” as described above, and uses equipment and standard test pieces defined by JIS. There is no need to prepare special equipment.
- a dedicated ultrasonic flaw detector that stores a program for performing the above-described method can be used.
- measurement is performed using a general-purpose ultrasonic flaw detector, signal storage, and measurement result image. Processing such as conversion may be performed by a personal computer or the like. It should be noted that the calculation of the trajectory width and the calculation of the unwelded amount can be performed manually without using the ultrasonic flaw detector.
- an echo height division line shown in FIG. 3 (b) is obtained by the same method using the same test piece and equipment as when the thickness of the U-rib 3 is 6 mm.
- an ultrasonic beam is formed at a predetermined angle (with respect to the weld line) with respect to a plurality of welded specimens composed of the U rib 3 and the deck plate 2 and having different unwelded amounts.
- ultrasonic measurement is performed by scanning the probe 7 on the U-rib 3 forward or backward in a direction of a right angle.
- the height of the F echo which is irradiated from the probe 7 at a predetermined refraction angle (for example, 70 °) and hits the unwelded portion of the welded portion and returns to the probe 7 is measured.
- the flaw detection skip can be set to 1.5 skip, 2.5 skip, 3.5 skip, or the like. Among these, as described above, it is most preferable to scan the probe 7 in the vicinity of a position where the flaw detection skip is 1.5 skip.
- the trajectory width is obtained from the measurement result of the F echo using the echo height division line, and the regression equation is obtained based on the relationship between the trajectory width and the unwelded amount.
- the M line of the echo height division line is used as the reference level for obtaining the locus width.
- the reference level is not limited to the M line as long as it can accurately estimate the unwelded amount, and can be arbitrarily set.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an example of a regression equation representing the relationship between the locus width (mm) and the unwelded amount (mm) obtained when the thickness of the U rib is 8 mm.
- the probe 7 is moved back and forth on the U-rib 3 in the direction in which the ultrasonic beam is perpendicular to the weld line with respect to the steel slab 1 to be measured.
- the height of the F echo which is scanned and irradiated from the probe 7 at a predetermined refraction angle and hits an unwelded portion and returns to the probe is measured.
- the locus width is obtained from the height of the measured F echo using the M line of the echo height division line shown in FIG. 3B as a reference level. Subsequently, by applying the obtained trajectory width to the regression equation shown in FIG. 7, the unwelded amount at the welded portion of the steel deck 1 can be calculated.
- the unwelded amount satisfies a predetermined standard.
- the unwelded amount is 2.0 mm or less, it is acceptable, and the thickness exceeds 2.0 mm. If it is determined to be unacceptable. Note that the pass / fail criterion can be set as appropriate according to the measurement target.
- the thickness of the U rib 3 is not particularly limited. If the thickness of the U rib 3 is within a range in which a reflection echo having a sufficient height can be observed, the regression corresponding to the plate thickness is performed. It is possible to apply the method of this embodiment by obtaining an equation.
- -Ultrasonic flaw detector- Fig.8 (a) is a block block diagram which shows an example of the ultrasonic flaw detector used for the measuring method of the penetration depth of the welding part which concerns on one Embodiment of this indication.
- an ultrasonic flaw detector 11 controls a probe 7 that irradiates an object with ultrasonic waves, the operation of the probe 7, and is reflected within the object.
- a flaw detector (pulser receiver) 13 that measures the F echo height and beam path length of the ultrasonic wave returned to the probe 7, and an AD converter that converts the measurement value measured by the flaw detector 13 into a digital value 15, a signal storage unit 19 that stores the measurement value converted by the AD conversion unit 15, and a memory 29 that stores regression height data representing the relationship between the echo height division line data and the beam path length information and the unwelded amount, Based on the measurement value stored in the signal storage unit 19 and the data stored in the memory 29, the beam path information such as the trajectory width, the U rib (first member) and the deck plate (second member) that are the objects.
- Welding parts with It includes a unwelded amount calculating unit 17 for calculating the unwelded amount, and a determination unit 21 acceptability based on the unwelded amount calculated by the unwelded amount calculating
- the ultrasonic flaw detector 11 further includes an image processing unit 23 that performs image processing on the unwelded amount data calculated by the unwelded amount calculating unit 17 and a display unit 25 that displays the image-processed unwelded amount data. You may have.
- the probe 7 is disposed on a predetermined surface of the measurement object via glycerin or water. In the measurement method described above, measurement is performed with the refraction angle set to 70 °.
- the probe 7 may be a part of the ultrasonic flaw detector 11 or may be connected to the ultrasonic flaw detector 11 as a separate member.
- the signal storage unit 19 is composed of a known memory or the like. When used in the measurement method described above, the signal storage unit 19 stores a digitized measurement value or the like of the measurement object. Further, the memory 29 stores data on each line of the echo height division line, data on the beam path information such as the trajectory width of the inspection / measurement object, and data on the regression equation obtained using the beam path information such as the trajectory width. , And data of the unwelded amount calculated by the unwelded amount calculating unit 17 are stored. These data are stored as data at each measurement position in the longitudinal direction of the measurement object.
- the unwelded amount calculation unit 17 puts the probe 7 on the object in a direction in which the ultrasonic beam is perpendicular to the weld line between the first member (U rib) and the second member (deck plate).
- the height of the F echo which is irradiated at a predetermined refraction angle and hits the unwelded portion of the welded portion and returns to the probe 7 is the echo height division line set as the reference level.
- the range of the beam path exceeding the range is obtained as beam path information (here, the trajectory width).
- the unwelded amount calculation unit 17 also calculates the unwelded amount by applying the regression width obtained in advance based on the relationship between the locus width and the unwelded amount to the unwelded amount calculator 17. To do. A program for automatically performing these calculations may be stored in advance in a memory (a memory separate from the memory 29) of the ultrasonic flaw detector 11 or the like. Or you may have the hardware constitutions which the unwelding amount calculation part 17 can perform the above-mentioned calculation.
- the determination unit 21 determines that the measurement value calculated by the unwelded amount calculation unit 17 exceeds the reference value set in advance according to the measurement object, and determines, as an example, a signal indicating failure. Output.
- the determination unit 21 determines that the measurement value is acceptable when the measured value is equal to or less than a predetermined reference value, and outputs a signal indicating acceptance as an example.
- the ultrasonic flaw detector 11 may further include a configuration that emits a warning sound when it is determined to be unacceptable, or a configuration for marking a determination result on an object when it is determined as unacceptable. However, the determination unit 21 may not be provided, and the ultrasonic flaw detector 11 may have a configuration for performing the calculation of the unwelded amount.
- the unwelded amount is measured at a predetermined interval in the longitudinal direction of the measurement object (here, the U-rib) (that is, the direction in which the weld line extends), and the measurement result data is stored in the signal storage unit 19.
- the image processing unit 23 performs a process of graphing the calculated unwelded amount and position information (position information in the extension direction of the weld line). Specifically, the image processing unit 23 outputs image data representing the unwelded amount calculated for a plurality of measurement locations in the extension direction of the weld line for each of the plurality of measurement locations. Based on this image data, the display unit 25 displays the unwelded amount for each position in the weld line direction in a visually recognizable manner.
- FIG. 8B is a diagram illustrating an example of measurement results at a plurality of locations displayed by the display unit 25.
- the display unit 25 is not necessarily included in the ultrasonic flaw detection apparatus 11, and the measurement result may be displayed on a screen of a computer or the like connected to the ultrasonic flaw detection apparatus 11.
- the unwelded amount can be automatically calculated, so that an artificial mistake can be prevented. Further, even if the operator is not skilled in measurement, the trajectory width and the unwelded amount can be automatically calculated based on the measurement result, and the penetration depth can be inspected.
- the steel deck 1 shown in FIG. 1 (a) is used as the measurement object, as in the method of the first embodiment.
- the inventor of the present application further examined a method for accurately measuring the penetration depth of the welded portion. As a result, a beam in which the height of the F echo of the ultrasonic wave irradiated with a predetermined refraction angle is equal to a predetermined echo segmentation line. It has been found that when the path length is W (see FIGS. 2 and 9B), W increases in correlation with an increase in the amount of unwelded welding.
- the inventors of the present application further researched, performed ultrasonic measurement of the object, obtained the beam path W of the F echo from the measurement result, and applied this to the regression equation prepared in advance.
- the inventors came up with a method that can measure the amount of welding.
- the above-mentioned “beam path length information” is “beam path length W at which the height of the F echo becomes equal to a predetermined echo division line set as a reference level”.
- the measurement method of the present embodiment will be specifically described.
- an ultrasonic flaw detection test is performed in advance by the following procedure before an object to be measured is measured, and an echo height division line is obtained.
- the measurement method according to this embodiment is a method based on JIS Z 3060 (2002) “Ultrasonic flaw detection test method for steel welds”.
- ⁇ ⁇ Use a model that conforms to JIS Z 2352 as the ultrasonic flaw detector.
- B5K10 ⁇ 10A70 is used as the probe.
- the transducer dimensions of this probe are 10 mm ⁇ 10 mm, the frequency of the ultrasonic wave irradiated from the probe to the standard test piece is 5 MHz, and the refraction angle is 70 °.
- A1 type STB is used as the standard test piece, and RB-41 No. 1 is used.
- As the contact medium applied between the test piece and the probe glycerin paste or water is used.
- the incident point and refraction angle are measured and the time axis is adjusted.
- RB-41-No. 1 are sequentially arranged at positions (1) to (6) shown in FIG. 2 (a) on the upper surface and the rear surface of RB-41, and RB-41 No. 1 is irradiated with ultrasonic waves and the echo height in a predetermined standard hole is measured.
- the maximum echo height measured with a standard hole having a diameter of 3 mm is plotted against the beam path length as the H line, which is the reference flaw detection sensitivity.
- the M line is a line showing a value 6 dB lower than the H line
- the L line is a line showing a value 6 dB lower than the M line
- the L / 2 line is a line showing a value 6 dB lower than the L line. is there.
- the echo height division line shown in FIG. 2B is obtained.
- a U-rib is formed in a direction in which the ultrasonic beam is perpendicular to the weld line with respect to a plurality of weld specimens composed of the U-rib 3 and the deck plate 2 and having different unwelded amounts.
- Ultrasonic measurement is performed by scanning the probe 7 on the front and rear 3 forward and backward.
- the flaw detection skip is set to a range from 0.5 skip to 1 skip.
- the height of the F echo that is irradiated from the probe 7 at a predetermined refraction angle (for example, 70 °), hits an unwelded portion of the welded portion, and returns to the probe 7 is measured.
- the thickness of the U rib 3 is 6 mm, which is the same as the U rib to be measured.
- a beam path W in which the echo height of the F echo is equal to the echo division line set as the reference level is obtained, and based on the relationship between the beam path W and the unwelded amount.
- the L / 2 line of the echo height division line is used as the reference level.
- the reference level is not limited to the L / 2 line as long as it can accurately estimate the unwelded amount, and can be arbitrarily set.
- the broken line shown in FIG. 9B shows the change in the F echo height observed by the probe 7 during scanning.
- FIG. 10 shows the relationship between the beam path length W (mm) where the echo height of the F echo is equal to the level of the L / 2 line and the unwelded amount (mm) when the plate thickness of the U rib is 6 mm. It is a figure which shows an example of the regression equation to represent. This regression equation can be obtained by plotting the measurement result and using, for example, the least square method.
- the probe 7 is moved back and forth on the U-rib 3 in the direction in which the ultrasonic beam is perpendicular to the welding line with respect to the steel slab 1 to be measured.
- the height of the F echo which is irradiated from the probe 7 at a predetermined refraction angle and hits the unwelded portion and returns to the probe is measured.
- the flaw detection skip is set in a range from about 0.5 skip to 1 skip, and measurement by the probe 7 is started from a position as close as possible to the welded portion.
- the probe 7 is moved in the direction of moving away. In this way, it is possible to easily detect the beam path information even when an unskilled worker performs measurement.
- the beam path length W when the height of the measured F echo has decreased to the reference level is obtained.
- the unwelded amount at the welded portion of the steel deck 1 can be calculated.
- the steel floor slab 1 is a measurement object, according to the above-mentioned road bridge specification, it is a criterion that the penetration depth is 75% or more of the U-rib plate thickness, and the thickness of the U-rib 3 is 6 mm. Then, if the unwelded amount is 1.5 mm or less, it is determined to be acceptable, and if it exceeds 1.5 mm, it is determined to be unacceptable.
- the measuring object of the measuring method of this embodiment is not restricted to a steel deck, but can be applied to any structure produced by welding.
- the unwelded amount of the welded portion can be calculated based on the measurement result of the actually welded product, it is possible to perform pass / fail determination of the penetration depth for each product. It becomes possible. Therefore, a highly reliable product can be shipped, and a bridge that is less prone to fatigue cracks can be constructed. Furthermore, since the echo height division line used in the measurement, the regression equation, the measurement result of the steel deck 1 that was the measurement object, etc. remain as data, the inspection results should be verified later using these data. Can do.
- the measurement error of the unwelded amount can be about ⁇ 0.5 mm or less.
- the unwelded amount can be confirmed immediately from the beam path length using a regression equation, the quickness of confirmation of the penetration depth is high.
- the amount of welding can be measured without using a B echo whose measurement value is unstable, so that the measurement accuracy is increased as compared with the method using the ratio of the B echo and the F echo. Can do.
- the measurement method according to the present embodiment conforms to JIS Z 3060 (2002) “Ultrasonic flaw detection test method for steel welds” as described above, and uses equipment and standard test pieces defined by JIS. There is no need to prepare special equipment.
- a dedicated ultrasonic flaw detector storing a program for performing the above-described method can be used.
- measurement is performed using a general-purpose ultrasonic flaw detector, and measurement results are imaged. May be performed by a personal computer or the like.
- an echo height division line shown in FIG. 2 (b) is obtained by the same method using the same test piece and equipment as when the thickness of the U-rib 3 is 6 mm.
- the probe 7 on the U-rib 3 is formed in a direction in which the ultrasonic beam is perpendicular to the weld line with respect to a plurality of weld specimens that are constituted by the U-rib 3 and the deck plate 2 and have different unwelded amounts. Is measured by ultrasonic scanning.
- the flaw detection skip is in the range from about 0.5 skip to 1 skip.
- the height of the F echo which is irradiated from the probe 7 at a predetermined refraction angle (for example, 70 °) and hits the unwelded portion of the welded portion and returns to the probe 7 is measured.
- a beam path W at which the height of the F echo of the weld specimen is equal to the reference level is obtained, and a regression equation is obtained based on the relationship between the beam path W and the unwelded amount.
- the L / 2 line of the echo height division line is used as the reference level for obtaining the beam path length W.
- the reference level is not limited to the L / 2 line as long as it can accurately estimate the unwelded amount, and can be arbitrarily set.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing an example of a regression equation representing the relationship between the beam path length W (mm) and the unwelded amount (mm) obtained when the plate thickness of the U rib is 8 mm.
- the probe 7 is moved back and forth on the U-rib 3 in the direction in which the ultrasonic beam is perpendicular to the welding line with respect to the steel slab 1 to be measured.
- the height of the F echo which is irradiated from the probe 7 at a predetermined refraction angle and hits the unwelded portion and returns to the probe is measured.
- the flaw detection skip is set in a range from 0.5 skip to 1 skip, and measurement by the probe 7 is started from a position as close as possible to the weld location. If the probe 7 is moved in a direction away from the beam, the beam path information can be easily detected.
- the calculated unwelded amount satisfies a predetermined standard.
- the penetration depth is 75% or more of the U-rib plate thickness, and the thickness of the U-rib 3 is 8 mm.
- the unwelded amount is 2.0 mm or less, it is determined to be acceptable, and when it exceeds 2.0 mm, it is determined to be unacceptable.
- the thickness of the U rib 3 is not particularly limited. If the thickness of the U rib 3 is within a range in which a reflection echo having a sufficient height can be observed, the regression corresponding to the plate thickness is performed. It is possible to apply the method of this embodiment by obtaining an equation.
- the reference level for obtaining the beam path length W can be appropriately changed in consideration of the height of the F echo, the size of noise, and the like.
- the thickness of the U rib 3 is 8 mm. In this case, an example in which the unwelded amount is calculated using a reference level different from the example described above will be described.
- an echo height division line shown in FIG. 2 (b) is obtained by a similar method using the same test piece and equipment as described above.
- the probe 7 on the U-rib 3 is formed in a direction in which the ultrasonic beam is perpendicular to the weld line with respect to a plurality of weld specimens that are constituted by the U-rib 3 and the deck plate 2 and have different unwelded amounts. Is scanned back and forth to perform ultrasonic measurement.
- the height of the F echo which is irradiated from the probe 7 at a predetermined refraction angle (for example, 70 °) and hits the unwelded portion of the welded portion and returns to the probe 7 is measured.
- the beam path length W when the height of the F echo of the weld specimen is equal to the reference level is obtained, and a regression equation is obtained based on the relationship between the beam path length W and the unwelded amount.
- the L line of the echo height division line is used as the reference level for obtaining the beam path length W.
- FIG. 13 shows an example of a regression equation representing the relationship between the beam path length W (mm) and the unwelded amount (mm) obtained when the plate thickness of the U rib is 8 mm and the L line is used as the reference level.
- the probe 7 is moved back and forth on the U-rib 3 in the direction in which the ultrasonic beam is perpendicular to the welding line with respect to the steel slab 1 to be measured.
- the height of the F echo which is scanned and irradiated from the probe 7 at a predetermined refraction angle and hits an unwelded portion and returns to the probe is measured.
- the flaw detection skip is set in a range from 0.5 skip to 1 skip, and measurement by the probe 7 is started from a position as close as possible to the weld location.
- the probe 7 is moved in a direction away from the probe.
- a beam path length W at which the measured F echo height becomes equal to the reference level is obtained. Subsequently, by applying the obtained beam path length W to the regression equation shown in FIG. 13, it is possible to calculate the unwelded amount at the welded portion of the steel deck 1.
- two or more types of echo segmentation lines can be used to calculate the beam path length W.
- Which line is used as the reference level may be appropriately selected according to the measurement conditions and the like. Moreover, what is necessary is just to set suitably the criteria of a pass / fail according to a measuring object.
- the ultrasonic flaw detector used in the method for measuring the penetration depth of the weld according to this embodiment is the same as the ultrasonic flaw detector according to the first embodiment shown in FIG. It is the same. Therefore, the ultrasonic flaw detector according to the present embodiment will be described below with the aid of FIGS. 8 (a) and 8 (b).
- the ultrasonic flaw detector 11 controls the probe 7 that irradiates the object with ultrasonic waves, the operation of the probe 7, and the inside of the object.
- a flaw detector (pulser receiver) 13 that measures the height of the F echo and the beam path of the ultrasonic wave reflected by the probe and returned to the probe 7, and the measurement value measured by the flaw detector 13 is converted into a digital value.
- the AD conversion unit 15, the signal storage unit 19 for storing the measurement value converted by the AD conversion unit 15, and the regression equation data representing the relationship between the echo height division line data and the beam path information and the unwelded amount are stored.
- the beam path information such as the beam path W, the U-rib (first member) and the deck as the object.
- Plate second member
- An unwelded amount calculation unit 17 that calculates the height (unwelded amount) of the remaining portion of the weld at the welded portion, and a determination unit 21 that determines pass / fail based on the unwelded amount calculated by the unwelded amount calculator 17. And.
- the ultrasonic flaw detector 11 further includes an image processing unit 23 that performs image processing on the unwelded amount data calculated by the unwelded amount calculating unit 17 and a display unit 25 that displays the image-processed unwelded amount data. You may have.
- the probe 7 is disposed on a predetermined surface of the measurement object via glycerin or water. In the measurement method described above, measurement is performed with the refraction angle set to 70 °.
- the probe 7 may be a part of the ultrasonic flaw detector 11 or may be connected to the ultrasonic flaw detector 11 as a separate member.
- the signal storage unit 19 is composed of a known memory or the like. When used in the measurement method described above, the signal storage unit 19 stores a digitized measurement value or the like of the measurement object. Further, the memory 29 stores data on each line of the echo height division line, beam path information data such as the beam path of the inspection / measurement object, and regression equation data obtained using the beam path information such as the beam path. , And data of the unwelded amount calculated by the unwelded amount calculating unit 17 are stored.
- the unwelded amount calculation unit 17 is irradiated at a predetermined refraction angle when the probe 7 is scanned back and forth on the object in a direction in which the ultrasonic beam is perpendicular to the weld line of the weld specimen, A beam path W at a position where the height of the F echo returned to the probe 7 upon hitting the unwelded portion of the welded portion becomes equal to the reference level indicated by the echo height division line is obtained as beam path information.
- These data are stored as data at each measurement position in the longitudinal direction of the measurement object.
- the unwelded amount calculation unit 17 performs the ultrasonic beam on the first member in a direction in which the ultrasonic beam is perpendicular to the weld line between the first member (U rib) and the second member (deck plate).
- the beam path length is determined from the measured value of the height of the F echo that is irradiated from the probe 7 at a predetermined refraction angle and hits the unwelded portion and returns to the probe 7.
- Find W The unwelded amount calculation unit 17 also calculates the unwelded amount by applying the beam path length W to a regression equation obtained in advance based on the relationship between the beam path length W and the unwelded amount.
- a program for automatically performing these calculations may be stored in advance in a memory (a memory separate from the memory 29) of the ultrasonic flaw detector 11 or the like. Or you may have the hardware constitutions which the unwelding amount calculation part 17 can perform the above-mentioned calculation.
- the determination unit 21 determines that the measurement value calculated by the unwelded amount calculation unit 17 exceeds the reference value set in advance according to the measurement object, and determines, as an example, a signal indicating failure. Output.
- the determination unit 21 determines that the measurement value is acceptable when the measured value is equal to or less than a predetermined reference value, and outputs a signal indicating acceptance as an example.
- the ultrasonic flaw detector 11 may further include a configuration that emits a warning sound when it is determined to be unacceptable, or a configuration for marking a determination result on an object when it is determined as unacceptable. However, the determination unit 21 may not be provided, and the ultrasonic flaw detector 11 may have a configuration for performing the calculation of the unwelded amount.
- the measurement result data is stored in the signal storage unit 19.
- the image processing unit 23 performs a process of graphing the calculated unwelded amount and position information (position information in the extension direction of the weld line). Specifically, the image processing unit 23 outputs image data representing the unwelded amount calculated for a plurality of measurement locations in the extension direction of the weld line for each of the plurality of measurement locations. Based on this image data, the display unit 25 displays the unwelded amount for each position in the weld line direction in a visually recognizable manner.
- FIG. 8B is a diagram illustrating an example of measurement results at a plurality of locations displayed by the display unit 25.
- the measurement result can be easily grasped by displaying the measurement result of the penetration depth of the welded portion.
- the display unit 25 is not necessarily included in the ultrasonic flaw detection apparatus 11, and the measurement result may be displayed on a screen of a computer or the like connected to the ultrasonic flaw detection apparatus 11.
- the unwelded amount can be automatically calculated, so that an artificial mistake can be prevented. Further, even if the operator is not skilled in measurement, it is possible to automatically calculate the beam path length W and the unwelded amount based on the measurement result.
- the penetration depth measuring method and the ultrasonic flaw detection apparatus described above are examples of the embodiment, and the measurement conditions of the object, the equipment to be used, the configuration of the ultrasonic flaw detection apparatus, etc. are within the scope of the present invention. It is possible to change as appropriate.
- the penetration depth measurement method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is useful for increasing the reliability of infrastructure such as a bridge.
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Abstract
Description
上述のビーム路程情報が、「軌跡幅」である例について、以下詳細に説明する。本明細書において、「軌跡幅」とは、Fエコーの高さが、基準レベルとして設定された所定のエコー区分線を越えるビーム路程の範囲(例えば図3に示すW2-W1)を意味するものとする。本願発明者らは、対象物の超音波測定を行い、その測定結果から「軌跡幅」を求め、これを予め作成しておいた回帰式にあてはめることで、未溶着量が求められることを確認した。
<エコー高さ区分線の作成>
本実施形態に係る測定方法では、測定対象物を測定する前に予め以下の手順で超音波探傷試験を行い、エコー高さ区分線を得ておく。本実施形態に係る測定方法は、JIS Z 3060(2002)「鋼溶接部の超音波探傷試験方法」に準拠する方法である。
図4(a)に示すように、Uリブ3とデッキプレート2とで構成され、未溶着量の異なる複数の溶接試験体について、溶接線に対して超音波ビームが所定の角度(例えば直角)となる方向にUリブ3上の探触子7を例えば前方又は後方に走査させて超音波測定を行う。Uリブ3の厚さは測定対象とするUリブと同じ6mmとする。ここでは、探触子7から所定の屈折角(例えば70°)で照射され、溶接箇所の未溶着部分に当たって探触子7へと戻ってきたFエコーの高さを測定する。
次に、測定対象となる鋼床版1に対し、図4(a)に示すように、溶接線に対して超音波ビームが直角となる方向にUリブ3上で探触子7を前後に走査させ、探触子7から所定の屈折角で照射され、未溶着部分に当たって前記探触子へと戻ってきたFエコーの高さを測定する。
本実施形態に係る測定方法によれば、実際に溶接された製品の測定結果に基づいて溶接箇所の未溶着量を算出することができるので、製品ごとの溶け込み深さの合否判定を行うことが可能となる。そのため、信頼性の高い製品を出荷することができ、疲労亀裂の生じにくい橋梁を構築することができる。さらに、測定の際に用いたエコー高さ区分線、回帰式、測定対象となった鋼床版1の測定結果等がデータとして残るので、後にこれらのデータを用いて検査結果の検証を行うことができる。
デッキプレート2に溶接されるUリブ3の厚みが6mmである場合を例にとって本実施形態の測定方法を説明したが、Uリブ3の厚みが変わった場合にも同様の方法で溶接部の溶け込み深さの測定を行うことができる。Uリブ3の厚みが8mmである場合の測定手順について以下に説明する。
図8(a)は、本開示の一実施形態に係る溶接部の溶け込み深さの測定方法に使用される超音波探傷装置の一例を示すブロック構成図である。
本発明の第2の実施形態に係る溶接部の溶け込み深さの測定方法では、第1の実施形態の方法と同様に、図1(a)に示す鋼床版1を測定対象とする。本願発明者は、精度良く溶接部の溶け込み深さの測定を行う方法をさらに検討したところ、所定の屈折角をもって照射された超音波のFエコーの高さが所定のエコー区分線と等しくなるビーム路程をW(図2、図9(b)参照)とするとき、溶接部分における未溶着量の増加に相関してWが増加することを見出した。
<エコー高さ区分線の作成>
本実施形態に係る測定方法では、測定対象物を測定する前に予め以下の手順で超音波探傷試験を行い、エコー高さ区分線を得ておく。本実施形態に係る測定方法は、JIS Z 3060(2002)「鋼溶接部の超音波探傷試験方法」に準拠する方法である。
図9(a)に示すように、Uリブ3とデッキプレート2とで構成され、未溶着量の異なる複数の溶接試験体について、溶接線に対して超音波ビームが直角となる方向にUリブ3上の探触子7を前後に走査させて超音波測定を行う。探触子7を走査させる際には、探傷スキップを0.5スキップから1スキップまでの範囲とする。探触子7から所定の屈折角(例えば70°)で照射され、溶接箇所の未溶着部分に当たって探触子7へと戻ってきたFエコーの高さを測定する。Uリブ3の厚さは測定対象とするUリブと同じ6mmとする。
次に、測定対象となる鋼床版1に対し、図9(a)に示すように、溶接線に対して超音波ビームが直角となる方向に、Uリブ3上で探触子7を前後に走査させ、探触子7から所定の屈折角で照射され、未溶着部分に当たって前記探触子へと戻ってきたFエコーの高さを測定する。ここで、探触子7を走査させる際には、探傷スキップを0.5スキップ付近から1スキップまでの範囲とし、溶接箇所にできるだけ近い位置から探触子7による測定を始め、当該溶接箇所から遠ざかる方向に探触子7を移動させる。このようにすれば、熟練度の低い作業員が測定を行う場合でもビーム路程情報を容易に検出できる。
本実施形態に係る測定方法によれば、実際に溶接された製品の測定結果に基づいて溶接箇所の未溶着量を算出することができるので、製品ごとの溶け込み深さの合否判定を行うことが可能となる。そのため、信頼性の高い製品を出荷することができ、疲労亀裂の生じにくい橋梁を構築することができる。さらに、測定の際に用いたエコー高さ区分線、回帰式、測定対象となった鋼床版1の測定結果等がデータとして残るので、後にこれらのデータを用いて検査結果の検証を行うことができる。
デッキプレート2に溶接されるUリブの厚みが6mmである場合を例にとって本実施形態の測定方法を説明したが、Uリブ3の厚みが変わった場合にも同様の方法で溶接部の溶け込み深さの測定を行うことができる。Uリブ3の厚みが8mmである場合の測定手順について以下に説明する。
本実施形態の測定方法において、ビーム路程Wを求めるための基準レベルはFエコーの高さやノイズの大きさ等を考慮に入れて適宜変更可能であるが、以下ではUリブ3の板厚を8mmとした場合に、先に説明した例と異なる基準レベルを用いて未溶着量の算出を行う例について説明する。
本実施形態に係る溶接部の溶け込み深さの測定方法に使用される超音波探傷装置は、一部の機能を除いて図8(a)に示す第1の実施形態に係る超音波探傷装置と同様である。従って、以下では図8(a)、(b)を援用しての本実施形態の超音波探傷装置を説明する。
2 デッキプレート
3 Uリブ
5 溶接ビード
7 探触子
11 超音波探傷装置
13 探傷部
15 AD変換部
17 未溶着量算出部
19 信号保存部
21 判定部
23 画像処理部
25 表示部
29 メモリ
Claims (11)
- 溶接部における未溶着量の測定方法であって、
超音波ビームを照射する探触子を用いて、溶接箇所の未溶着部分に当たって前記探触子へと戻ってきたエコーをFエコーとし、当該Fエコーの高さを評価する基準レベルとしてエコー高さ区分線を設定するステップと、
未溶着量が異なる複数の溶接試験体の溶接ビードがある面に、所定の角度で超音波ビームを照射する探触子を走査させて得られたFエコーの高さと、前記エコー高さ区分線とによりビーム路程情報を求めるステップと、
前記ビーム路程情報と未溶着量との関係を表す回帰式を求めるステップとを含んでいる測定方法。 - 請求項1に記載の測定方法において、
第1の部材を第2の部材に溶接した場合に、前記第1の部材の溶接ビードがある面に所定の角度で超音波ビームを照射する探触子を走査させ、Fエコーの高さと前記エコー高さ区分線とによりビーム路程情報を求め、当該ビーム路程情報を前記回帰式にあてはめることで前記溶接部の未溶着量を算出するステップをさらに含んでいることを特徴とする測定方法。 - 請求項1又は2に記載の測定方法において、
前記Fエコーの高さが、前記エコー高さ区分線を越えるビーム路程の範囲を軌跡幅とし、前記軌跡幅をビーム路程情報と定義することを特徴とする測定方法。 - 請求項1又は2に記載の測定方法において、
前記Fエコーの高さが、前記エコー高さ区分線と等しくなるビーム路程を、ビーム路程情報と定義することを特徴とする測定方法。 - 請求項2に記載の測定方法において、
前記第2の部材は鋼床版を構成するデッキプレートであり、
前記第1の部材は、前記デッキプレートの一方の面に溶接され、U字状の断面を有するリブであることを特徴とする測定方法。 - 請求項1~5のうちいずれか1つに記載の測定方法において、
算出された前記未溶着量が所定の基準値を超える場合には不合格と判定し、前記未溶着量が前記基準値以下である場合には合格と判定するステップをさらに含むことを特徴とする測定方法。 - 対象物に超音波を照射する探触子と、
前記探触子の動作を制御するとともに、前記対象物の未溶着部で反射され、前記探触子へと戻ってきた超音波のFエコー高さ及びビーム路程を測定する探傷部と、
前記探傷部によって測定された測定値をデジタル値に変換するAD変換部と、
前記AD変換部によって変換された前記測定値を保存する信号保存部と、
エコー高さ区分線のデータと、ビーム路程情報と未溶着量との関係を表す回帰式のデータとを保存するメモリと、
前記信号保存部に保存された前記測定値と、前記メモリに保存されたデータとに基づいてビーム路程情報を求め、前記ビーム路程情報と前記メモリに保存された回帰式とを用いて、前記対象物である第1の部材と第2の部材との溶接箇所における未溶着量を算出する未溶着量算出部とを備えている超音波探傷装置。 - 請求項7に記載の超音波探傷装置において、
前記未溶着量算出部は、前記第1の部材上の前記探触子へと戻ってきたFエコーの高さが前記エコー高さ区分線を越えるビーム路程の範囲である軌跡幅を前記ビーム路程情報として求め、当該軌跡幅を前記回帰式にあてはめることで前記未溶着量を算出することを特徴とする超音波探傷装置。 - 請求項7に記載の超音波探傷装置において、
前記未溶着量算出部は、前記第1の部材上の前記探触子へと戻ってきたFエコーの高さが前記エコー高さ区分線に等しくなるビーム路程を、前記ビーム路程情報として求め、当該ビーム路程を前記回帰式にあてはめることで前記未溶着量を算出することを特徴とする超音波探傷装置。 - 請求項7~9のうちいずれか1つに記載の超音波探傷装置において、
前記未溶着量算出部で算出された前記未溶着量が所定の基準値を超えた場合には不合格と判定し、前記未溶着量が前記基準値以下である場合には合格と判定する判定部をさらに備えていることを特徴とする超音波探傷装置。 - 請求項7~10のうちいずれか1つに記載の超音波探傷装置において、
前記未溶着量は、前記第1の部材の長手方向にずらした複数の測定箇所について算出され、
前記複数の測定箇所について算出された前記未溶着量を前記複数の測定箇所ごとに表した画像データを出力する画像処理部と、
前記画像データに基づいて前記複数の測定箇所の位置ごとの前記未溶着量を表示する表示部とをさらに備えていることを特徴とする超音波探傷装置。
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