WO2013150651A1 - 燃料電池システム - Google Patents
燃料電池システム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013150651A1 WO2013150651A1 PCT/JP2012/059564 JP2012059564W WO2013150651A1 WO 2013150651 A1 WO2013150651 A1 WO 2013150651A1 JP 2012059564 W JP2012059564 W JP 2012059564W WO 2013150651 A1 WO2013150651 A1 WO 2013150651A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- fuel cell
- voltage
- oxidant gas
- fuel
- gas supply
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04291—Arrangements for managing water in solid electrolyte fuel cell systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04104—Regulation of differential pressures
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04492—Humidity; Ambient humidity; Water content
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04537—Electric variables
- H01M8/04544—Voltage
- H01M8/04552—Voltage of the individual fuel cell
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04537—Electric variables
- H01M8/04544—Voltage
- H01M8/04559—Voltage of fuel cell stacks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04753—Pressure; Flow of fuel cell reactants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04828—Humidity; Water content
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04828—Humidity; Water content
- H01M8/0485—Humidity; Water content of the electrolyte
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M2008/1095—Fuel cells with polymeric electrolytes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a fuel cell system.
- the fuel cell stack constituting the fuel cell system directly converts the energy released by the oxidation reaction into electric energy by oxidizing the fuel by an electrochemical process.
- the fuel cell stack has a membrane-electrode assembly in which both side surfaces of a polymer electrolyte membrane for selectively transporting hydrogen ions are sandwiched by a pair of electrodes made of a porous material.
- Each of the pair of electrodes is mainly composed of a carbon powder carrying a platinum-based metal catalyst, and is formed on the surface of the catalyst layer in contact with the polymer electrolyte membrane and a gas having both air permeability and electronic conductivity. And a diffusion layer.
- a fuel cell system that performs such intermittent operation is known to perform intermittent operation when the required load on the fuel cell stack is a predetermined value or less.
- the fuel cell system drives the air compressor to supply oxygen gas to the fuel cell stack when the cell voltage of the fuel cell stack that has shifted to the power generation halt state by performing intermittent operation falls below a predetermined value. This solves the shortage of oxygen at the cathode electrode of the fuel cell stack, recovers the cell voltage, and improves the response delay to the power generation request.
- the supply of the reaction gas to the fuel cell stack is stopped, and the command voltage of the DC / DC converter connected in parallel to the output terminal of the fuel cell stack is set to the open-end voltage, so that the fuel cell stack Output terminal voltage was controlled to a high potential avoidance voltage smaller than the open circuit voltage (OCV).
- OCV open circuit voltage
- the fuel cell system described in Patent Document 1 includes a fuel gas supply unit that supplies fuel gas to the anode, an oxidant gas supply unit that supplies oxidant gas to the cathode, a fuel gas supply unit, and an oxidant gas supply unit.
- Control means for controlling and causing the fuel cell stack to generate power according to the required power.
- the control means monitors during intermittent operation that the output terminal voltage of the fuel cell stack is lower than the upper limit voltage and higher than the lower limit voltage during intermittent operation, and based on the result of the monitoring, a small amount of oxidant gas is monitored. And it controls to supply continuously.
- the present invention has been made in view of such problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a fuel cell system that can prevent the fuel cell stack from being dried or excessively wet and ensure the durability of the fuel cell stack. .
- a fuel cell system includes a fuel cell stack having a plurality of single cells each having an anode and a cathode, a fuel gas supply means for supplying fuel gas to the anode, and an oxidant gas at the cathode.
- the oxidant gas supply means for supplying the fuel cell, the state detection means for detecting the dry / wet state of the single cell, the fuel gas supply means and the oxidant gas supply means are controlled to cause the fuel cell stack to generate power according to the required power.
- control means for controlling the fuel gas supply means and the oxidant gas supply means based on the detection result of the state detection means.
- the control means is configured such that the output terminal voltage of the fuel cell stack is not more than the upper limit voltage and not less than the lower limit voltage in intermittent operation. And when supplying the oxidant gas based on the result of the monitoring and determining that the single cell is in a wet state, the flow rate per unit time of the oxidant gas is reduced and supplied for a long time. When it is determined that the single cell is in a dry state, an output securing mode for controlling the flow rate of the oxidant gas per unit time to be increased and supplied for a short time can be executed.
- the fact that the voltage drop rate of the fuel cell stack represents the wet state of the anode constituting the single cell is utilized.
- the polymer film constituting the anode and the cathode is loosened, and cross leakage is likely to occur. Therefore, when it is determined that the single cell is in a wet state, the flow from the wet state to the dry state is changed by supplying a small flow rate of oxidant gas per unit time for a long time, and the single cell is in a dry state.
- the flow is changed from the dry state to the wet state by supplying a large flow rate of the oxidant gas per unit time for a short time.
- the state detection means detects the dry / wet state of the single cell by measuring the voltage drop rate at which the output terminal voltage is directed from the upper limit voltage to the lower limit voltage due to oxygen deficiency,
- the control means determines that the single cell is in a wet state when the voltage drop rate is equal to or higher than the upper threshold speed, and determines that the single cell is in a dry state when the voltage drop rate is equal to or lower than the lower threshold speed. Is also preferable.
- the oxidant gas supply means has an air compressor
- the control means takes a long inertial rotation of the air compressor when the single cell is wet, and the single cell is dried. It is also preferable to forcibly stop the air compressor when it is in the state.
- control means learns the relationship between the generated output of the fuel cell stack after the intermittent operation and the voltage drop speed, and changes the threshold speed of the voltage drop speed.
- the threshold speed is changed by learning the relationship between the generated output during operation and the voltage drop speed, so that it becomes easy to set the threshold speed corresponding to the change with time of the fuel cell stack.
- control means monitors the transition of the voltage drop rate after the execution of the output securing mode is started, and if the voltage drop rate does not rise, it corrects the upper limit voltage downward.
- the fuel cell stack can be in a wet state by correcting the upper limit voltage downward when the voltage drop rate does not increase.
- a fuel cell system includes a fuel cell stack having a plurality of single cells each having an anode and a cathode, a fuel gas supply means for supplying fuel gas to the anode, and an oxidant gas at the cathode. And a control means for controlling the fuel gas supply means and the oxidant gas supply means to cause the fuel cell stack to generate power according to the required power.
- the control means is configured such that the output terminal voltage of the fuel cell stack is equal to or lower than the upper limit threshold and higher than the lower limit threshold during intermittent operation.
- the oxidant gas is supplied based on the result of the monitoring, and the voltage drop rate from the upper limit voltage to the lower limit voltage is measured due to oxygen deficiency, and the voltage drop rate becomes equal to or higher than the upper limit threshold rate.
- the oxidant gas is supplied at a low flow rate per unit time for a long time, and when the voltage drop rate is lower than the lower threshold speed, the oxidant gas is supplied at a high flow rate per unit time for a short time. .
- the fact that the voltage drop rate of the fuel cell stack represents the wet state of the anode constituting the single cell is utilized.
- the polymer film constituting the anode and the cathode is loosened, and cross leakage is likely to occur.
- oxygen on the cathode side is consumed, and the voltage drop rate increases. Therefore, if the voltage drop rate is too high, it indicates that the anode is too wet, and if the voltage drop rate is too low, it indicates that the anode is too dry.
- the oxidant gas is supplied at a low flow rate per unit time for a long time. In this way, the polymer film is dried.
- the voltage drop rate becomes lower than the lower threshold speed, it is determined that the anode is drying, and the oxidant gas is supplied at a high flow rate per unit time for a short time. It promotes the wetting of the molecular film.
- the present invention it is possible to provide a fuel cell system that can prevent the fuel cell stack from drying out or being too wet and ensure the durability of the fuel cell stack.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a configuration of a fuel cell system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- 2 is a timing chart for explaining an operating state of the fuel cell system shown in FIG. 1. It is a graph which shows the relationship between the voltage drop speed which should be maintained, and an intermittent dawn output. It is a graph which shows the relationship between the air injection amount in intermittent, and the voltage drop speed in intermittent.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a system configuration of a fuel cell system FS that functions as an in-vehicle power supply system for a fuel cell vehicle.
- the fuel cell system FS can be mounted on a vehicle such as a fuel cell vehicle (FCHV), an electric vehicle, or a hybrid vehicle.
- FCHV fuel cell vehicle
- the fuel cell system FS includes a fuel cell FC, an oxidizing gas supply system ASS, a fuel gas supply system FSS, a drive system HVS, and a cooling system CS.
- the oxidizing gas supply system ASS is a system for supplying air as oxidizing gas to the fuel cell FC.
- the fuel gas supply system FSS is a system for supplying hydrogen gas as fuel gas to the fuel cell FC.
- the drive system HVS is a system that drives by supplying electric power to the drive motor DMa, and constitutes a hybrid system.
- the cooling system CS is a system for cooling the fuel cell FC.
- the drive motor DMa is a motor that drives the wheels 92 and 92.
- the fuel cell system FCS will be described.
- the fuel cell FC included in the fuel cell system FCS is configured as a solid polymer electrolyte type cell stack formed by stacking a number of cells CE (a single battery (a power generator) including an anode, a cathode, and an electrolyte) in series.
- CE a single battery (a power generator) including an anode, a cathode, and an electrolyte
- the fuel cell FC undergoes an oxidation reaction of formula (1) at the anode and a reduction reaction of formula (2) at the cathode.
- the fuel cell FC as a whole undergoes an electromotive reaction of the formula (3).
- the fuel cell system FCS has a hydrogen pump HPa and an exhaust / drain valve EVc in a region connecting the fuel cell FC and the fuel gas supply system FSS.
- the fuel gas supplied to the fuel cell FC contributes to the electromotive reaction inside the fuel cell FC, and is discharged from the fuel cell FC as off-gas.
- Part of the fuel off-gas discharged from the fuel cell FC is recirculated by the hydrogen pump HPa and re-supplied to the fuel cell FC together with the fuel gas supplied from the fuel gas supply system FSS. Further, part of the fuel off-gas is discharged together with the oxidation off-gas through the fuel off-gas flow path FS2 by the operation of the exhaust drain valve EVc.
- the exhaust / drain valve EVc is a valve for discharging the fuel off-gas containing impurities in the circulation flow path and moisture to the outside by operating according to a command from the controller ECU.
- the exhaust / drain valve EVc By opening the exhaust / drain valve EVc, the concentration of impurities in the fuel off-gas in the circulation flow path can be lowered, and the hydrogen concentration in the fuel off-gas circulating in the circulation system can be increased.
- the fuel off-gas discharged through the exhaust / drain valve EVc is mixed with the oxidant off-gas flowing through the oxidant off-gas passage AS2, diluted by a diluter (not explicitly shown in FIG. 1), and sent to the muffler (not explicitly shown in FIG. 1). Supplied.
- the fuel gas supply system FSS has a high-pressure hydrogen tank FS1 and a solenoid valve DVa.
- the high-pressure hydrogen tank FS1 stores high-pressure (for example, 35 MPa to 70 MPa) hydrogen gas.
- the solenoid valve DVa is a valve that adjusts the supply / stop of the fuel gas to the fuel cell FC while adjusting the supply pressure of the fuel gas to the fuel cell FC.
- the fuel gas is decompressed to about 200 kPa, for example, by the electromagnetic valve DVa and supplied to the fuel cell FC.
- the oxidizing gas supply system ASS includes an air compressor 62, an FC inlet three-way valve TVa, and an integrated valve DVb.
- the oxidant gas supply system ASS has an oxidant gas passage AS1 through which air as an oxidant gas supplied to the cathode of the fuel cell FC flows, and an oxidant offgas passage AS2 through which the oxidant offgas discharged from the fuel cell FC flows. ing.
- the air compressor 62 and the FC inlet three-way valve TVa are sequentially arranged from the inlet side of the oxidizing gas flow path AS1 toward the fuel cell FC.
- the integrated valve DVb is disposed in the oxidation off gas flow path AS2.
- the integrated valve DVb functions as a back pressure adjustment valve.
- the FC inlet three-way valve TVa is a valve for adjusting the air flowing through the oxidizing gas passage AS1 to the fuel cell FC side and the air flowing through the bypass passage 69 connecting the oxidizing gas passage AS1 and the oxidizing off-gas passage AS2. It is. If a large amount of air is required on the fuel cell FC side, adjust the opening so that a large amount of air flows on the fuel cell FC side. If a large amount of air is not required on the fuel cell FC side, bypass it. The opening degree is adjusted so that a large amount of air flows to the flow path 69 side.
- a pressure sensor Pt is provided between the fuel cell FC and the integrated valve DVb.
- the drive system HVS includes a fuel cell booster, a power control unit, and a secondary battery BTa.
- the fuel cell boosting unit includes a fuel cell boosting converter (output supply unit) and a relay.
- the fuel cell boost converter boosts DC power generated by the fuel cell FC and supplies the boosted DC power to the power control unit.
- the voltage conversion control by the boost converter controls the operating point (output terminal voltage, output current) of the fuel cell FC.
- the power control unit has a battery boost converter and a traction inverter.
- the electric power supplied from the fuel cell boost converter is supplied to the battery boost converter and the traction inverter.
- the battery boost converter boosts the DC power supplied from the secondary battery BTa and outputs it to the traction inverter, and reduces the DC power generated by the fuel cell FC and the regenerative power recovered by the drive motor DMa by regenerative braking. And has a function of charging the secondary battery BTa.
- the secondary battery BTa functions as a surplus power storage source, a regenerative energy storage source during regenerative braking, and an energy buffer during load fluctuations associated with acceleration or deceleration of the fuel cell vehicle.
- a secondary battery such as a nickel / cadmium storage battery, a nickel / hydrogen storage battery, or a lithium secondary battery is suitable.
- the secondary battery BTa is provided with an SOC sensor Tg for measuring the charging rate.
- Traction inverter is connected to the drive motor DMa.
- the traction inverter is, for example, a PWM inverter driven by a pulse width modulation method.
- the traction inverter converts the DC voltage output from the fuel cell FC or the secondary battery BTa into a three-phase AC voltage in accordance with a control command from the controller ECU, and controls the rotational torque of the drive motor DMa.
- the drive motor DMa is a three-phase AC motor, for example, and constitutes a power source of the fuel cell vehicle.
- the cooling system CS has a main radiator RMa and a water pump WPa.
- the main radiator RMa is provided with a main radiator fan.
- the main radiator RMa radiates and cools the coolant for cooling the fuel cell FC.
- the water pump WPa is a pump for circulating the coolant between the fuel cell FC and the main radiator RMa. By operating the water pump WPa, the coolant flows from the main radiator RMa to the fuel cell FC through the coolant forward path.
- This fuel cell system FS includes a controller ECU (output supply unit) as an integrated control means.
- the controller ECU is a computer system including a CPU, a ROM, a RAM, and an input / output interface, and controls each part of the fuel cell system FS. For example, when the controller ECU receives the start signal IG output from the ignition switch, the controller ECU starts the operation of the fuel cell system FS. Thereafter, the controller ECU obtains the required power of the entire fuel cell system FS based on the accelerator opening signal ACC output from the accelerator sensor, the vehicle speed signal VC output from the vehicle speed sensor, and the like. The required power of the entire fuel cell system FS is the total value of the vehicle travel power and the auxiliary power.
- auxiliary electric power includes electric power consumed by in-vehicle auxiliary equipment (humidifier, air compressor, hydrogen pump, cooling water circulation pump, etc.), and equipment required for vehicle travel (transmission, wheel control device, steering) Power consumed by devices, suspension devices, etc.), power consumed by devices (air conditioners, lighting equipment, audio, etc.) disposed in the passenger space, and the like.
- in-vehicle auxiliary equipment humidity, air compressor, hydrogen pump, cooling water circulation pump, etc.
- equipment required for vehicle travel transmission, wheel control device, steering
- devices air conditioners, lighting equipment, audio, etc.
- the controller ECU determines the distribution of output power between the fuel cell FC and the secondary battery BTa.
- the controller ECU controls the oxidizing gas supply system ASS and the fuel gas supply system FSS so that the power generation amount of the fuel cell FC matches the target power, and also controls the FC booster FDC to operate the fuel cell FC. (Output voltage, output current) is controlled.
- the controller ECU outputs, for example, each of the U-phase, V-phase, and W-phase AC voltage command values to the traction inverter as a switching command so that a target torque corresponding to the accelerator opening is obtained, and the drive motor DMa Controls output torque and rotation speed. Further, the controller ECU controls the cooling system CS so that the fuel cell FC reaches an appropriate temperature.
- the controller ECU compares the required power with the predetermined value X and determines whether to perform intermittent operation or normal operation.
- the predetermined value X is a threshold value determined so that the power generation efficiency of the fuel cell system FS does not deteriorate. As a result of this comparison, when the required power is less than or equal to the predetermined value X, the intermittent operation mode is set, and when the required power exceeds the predetermined value X, the normal operation mode is set.
- the intermittent operation mode is a mode in which power generation by the fuel cell system FS is stopped and the drive motor DMa is driven only by the secondary battery BTa.
- the normal operation mode is a mode in which power is generated by the fuel cell system FS and the drive motor DMa is driven using the electric power.
- the secondary battery BTa may be used in combination.
- the controller ECU performs control as shown in FIG.
- the controller ECU monitors the output terminal voltage of the fuel cell FC.
- Output terminal voltage of the fuel cell FC in the normal operation mode is controlled to stick to the upper limit voltage V U is a high-potential avoidance voltage.
- the output terminal voltage of the controlled fuel cell FC begin gradually decreases from the upper limit voltage V U is a high-potential avoidance voltage. The slope of the voltage going downward at that time is measured as the voltage drop rate.
- the controller ECU supplies a small flow rate per unit time of air, which is an oxidant gas, for a long time. Therefore, the behavior as shown by the solid line in FIG. Control is performed so that the inertial rotation of the air compressor 62 is long.
- the inside of the fuel cell FC is dried, and the voltage drop rate is reduced.
- the time for the air compressor 62 to rotate by inertia becomes longer than when the regenerative brake or the like is used.
- the controller ECU supplies a large flow rate per unit time of air, which is the oxidant gas, for a short time.
- the air compressor 62 is controlled to be forcibly stopped so as to behave properly. Specifically, the air compressor 62 is forcibly stopped using a regenerative brake or the like. When such control is performed, the inside of the fuel cell FC gets wet, and the voltage drop rate increases.
- the upper limit voltage and the lower limit voltage of the output terminal voltage of the fuel cell FC are set so that sufficient output can be obtained at the next load request.
- the correlation between the voltage drop speed and the intermittent output is confirmed in advance, and settings are made so that the required output required for design can be output. Since the gas permeation amount may increase due to film deterioration, etc., and the voltage drop rate may increase, it is preferable to have a function of learning the relationship between the output generated after intermittent operation and the voltage drop rate during operation.
- the air compressor 62 is driven so as to reduce the amount of power generation during intermittent operation.
- the SOC of the secondary battery BTa is the upper limit, it is also preferable to temporarily increase the above-described upper limit voltage.
- the voltage drop rate of the fuel cell FC during the intermittent operation can be kept within the range of the voltage drop rate to be maintained as shown in FIG.
- the voltage lowering speed of the fuel cell FC can fit from a range to a voltage lowering speed should maintain lower rate E L between the upper limit speed E U, avoiding dry too and wet too can do.
- the voltage drop rate to be maintained is close to the wet state to be maintained by the MEA.
- the hydrogen ion conductivity deteriorates and the output decreases.
- the catalyst layer is filled with moisture, so that the gas does not reach the electrode catalyst, and the output decreases. For this reason, it is necessary to maintain an optimal moisture state in order to maintain the intermittent dawn output satisfactorily.
- the air blowing method during intermittent operation is performed such that the input amount is between the lower limit threshold La and the upper limit threshold Lb as shown in FIG.
- the lower limit threshold La is defined as a limit at which the lower limit voltage value can be returned to the upper limit voltage value.
- the upper limit threshold Lb is determined because the drive loss of the air compressor ACP only increases even if the air amount is further increased.
- air blow is performed in the vicinity of the lower threshold La as shown by the region A.
- the temperature of the fuel cell FC is adjusted by operating the cooling system CS. It is also preferable to control the wet state.
- the fuel cell stack In order to ensure the durability of the fuel cell stack, it is essential to suppress catalyst deterioration, and it is necessary to maintain a high potential avoidance voltage.
- the surplus power is absorbed by the secondary battery BTa or consumed due to loss of auxiliary equipment.
- the power that can be absorbed by the secondary battery BTa is limited, and even if the auxiliary machine is driven and consumed, the operation sound may become too loud, and the power that can be consumed is still limited. If they cannot be absorbed, the high potential avoidance voltage is increased, and the durability of the fuel cell stack must be sacrificed.
- the rising frequency of the high potential avoidance voltage can be suppressed, the fuel cell stack can be prevented from drying or being too wet, and the durability of the fuel cell stack can be ensured.
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Abstract
Description
H2→2H++2e- (1)
(1/2)O2+2H++2e-→H2O (2)
H2+(1/2)O2→H2O (3)
69 バイパス流路
92,92 車輪
AS1 酸化ガス流路
AS2 酸化オフガス流路
ASS 酸化ガス供給系
BTa 二次電池
CE セル
CS 冷却系
DMa 駆動モーター
DVa 電磁弁
DVb 統合弁
ECU コントローラー
EVc 排気排水弁
FC 燃料電池
FCS 燃料電池系
FDC 昇圧部
FS 燃料電池システム
FS1 高圧水素タンク
FS2 燃料オフガス流路
FSS 燃料ガス供給系
HPa 水素ポンプ
HVS 駆動系
Pt 圧力センサ
RMa メインラジエーター
Td 温度センサ
Tf 温度センサ
Tg センサ
Th 温度センサ
TVa 入口三方弁
WPa ウォーターポンプ
Claims (6)
- 燃料電池システムであって、
アノードとカソードとを有する単セルを複数有する燃料電池スタックと、
前記アノードに燃料ガスを供給する燃料ガス供給手段と、
前記カソードに酸化剤ガスを供給する酸化剤ガス供給手段と、
前記単セルの乾湿状態を検知する状態検知手段と、
前記燃料ガス供給手段及び前記酸化剤ガス供給手段を制御し、要求電力に応じた発電を前記燃料電池スタックに行わせると共に、前記状態検知手段の検知結果に基づいて前記燃料ガス供給手段及び前記酸化剤ガス供給手段を制御する制御手段と、を備え、
前記制御手段は、
要求電力が所定値以下であって前記燃料電池スタックにおける発電を抑制する間欠運転時において、前記燃料電池スタックの出力端子電圧が間欠運転時の上限電圧以下であって下限電圧以上となるように監視し、当該監視の結果に基づいて酸化剤ガスを供給すると共に、
前記単セルが湿潤状態であると判断した場合には、前記酸化剤ガスの単位時間当たりの流量を少なく且つ長時間供給し、前記単セルが乾燥状態であると判断した場合には、前記酸化剤ガスの単位時間当たりの流量を多く且つ短時間供給するように制御する出力確保モードを実行可能なように構成されていることを特徴とする燃料電池システム。 - 前記状態検知手段は、酸素欠乏により前記出力端子電圧が前記上限電圧から前記下限電圧へ向かう電圧低下速度を測定することで前記単セルの乾湿状態を検知するものであって、
前記制御手段は、前記電圧低下速度が下限閾値速度以下の場合には前記単セルが乾燥状態であると判断し、前記電圧低下速度が上限閾値速度以上の場合には前記単セルが湿潤状態であると判断することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の燃料電池システム。 - 前記酸化剤ガス供給手段はエアコンプレッサーを有しており、
前記制御手段は、前記単セルが湿潤状態にある場合は前記エアコンプレッサーの惰性回転を長く取り、前記単セルが乾燥状態にある場合は前記エアコンプレッサーを強制的に停止することを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の燃料電池システム。 - 前記制御手段は、前記間欠運転後における前記燃料電池スタックの発生出力と、前記電圧低下速度との関係を学習し、前記電圧低下速度の前記閾値速度を変更することを特徴とする請求項2に記載の燃料電池システム。
- 前記制御手段は、前記出力確保モードの実行開始後において前記電圧低下速度の遷移を監視し、前記電圧低下速度が上昇しない場合は前記上限閾値を下方修正することを特徴とする請求項2に記載の燃料電池システム。
- 燃料電池システムであって、
アノードとカソードとを有する単セルを複数有する燃料電池スタックと、
前記アノードに燃料ガスを供給する燃料ガス供給手段と、
前記カソードに酸化剤ガスを供給する酸化剤ガス供給手段と、
前記燃料ガス供給手段及び前記酸化剤ガス供給手段を制御し、要求電力に応じた発電を前記燃料電池スタックに行わせる制御手段と、を備え、
前記制御手段は、要求電力が所定値以下であって前記燃料電池スタックにおける発電を抑制する間欠運転時において、前記燃料電池スタックの出力端子電圧が間欠運転時の上限電圧以下であって下限電圧以上となるように監視し、当該監視の結果に基づいて酸化剤ガスを供給するものであって、
酸素欠乏により前記出力端子電圧が上限電圧から下限電圧へ向かう電圧低下速度を測定し、
前記電圧低下速度が上限閾値速度以上の場合には前記酸化剤ガスを単位時間当たりの流量を少なく且つ長時間供給し、前記電圧低下速度が下限閾値速度以下の場合には前記酸化剤ガスを単位時間あたりの流量が多く且つ短時間供給することを特徴とする燃料電池システム。
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