WO2013098965A1 - 溶接方法、溶接装置及び溶接製品 - Google Patents
溶接方法、溶接装置及び溶接製品 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2013098965A1 WO2013098965A1 PCT/JP2011/080310 JP2011080310W WO2013098965A1 WO 2013098965 A1 WO2013098965 A1 WO 2013098965A1 JP 2011080310 W JP2011080310 W JP 2011080310W WO 2013098965 A1 WO2013098965 A1 WO 2013098965A1
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- welding
- bead
- residual stress
- weld bead
- workpiece
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/04—Welding for other purposes than joining, e.g. built-up welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K15/00—Electron-beam welding or cutting
- B23K15/0046—Welding
- B23K15/0053—Seam welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K15/00—Electron-beam welding or cutting
- B23K15/0046—Welding
- B23K15/0086—Welding welding for purposes other than joining, e.g. built-up welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/20—Bonding
- B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
- B23K26/24—Seam welding
- B23K26/26—Seam welding of rectilinear seams
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/20—Bonding
- B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
- B23K26/24—Seam welding
- B23K26/28—Seam welding of curved planar seams
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/34—Laser welding for purposes other than joining
- B23K26/342—Build-up welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/02—Seam welding; Backing means; Inserts
- B23K9/025—Seam welding; Backing means; Inserts for rectilinear seams
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/02—Seam welding; Backing means; Inserts
- B23K9/028—Seam welding; Backing means; Inserts for curved planar seams
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a welding method, a welding apparatus, and a welded product that reduce residual stress generated in a workpiece base metal by welding.
- Patent Document 1 an arc generating ring and a magnetic field forming ring coil are arranged on the outer periphery of a welded hollow body (tube), and the arc is rotated at a high speed in the circumferential direction so that the outer peripheral portion of the annular welded portion.
- a technique for reducing the residual stress in the vicinity of the welded portion by heating the material uniformly and rapidly is disclosed.
- Patent Document 1 has the following problems. In order to reheat the welded portion, apart from the welding apparatus, the above-described arc generating ring, ring coil, and apparatus for operating these are necessary, and the equipment cost increases. In addition, since the welded portion is reheated, depending on the material of the base material, a brittle metal structure is formed in the welded portion due to reheating, which may reduce the strength of the welded joint. For example, when the base material is a casting, a brittle chill layer may be formed due to reheating of the welded portion, and the strength of the welded joint may be reduced.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above points, and an object of the present invention is to provide a welding method, a welding apparatus, and a welded product that reduce residual stress generated in a workpiece by welding.
- the welding method according to the present invention is characterized in that a weld bead is formed by welding a joint portion of a work, and then forming a discarded bead by welding the vicinity of the weld bead of the work.
- a welding apparatus includes a welding torch for performing welding, a feeding means for moving the welding torch, and a control means for controlling the feeding means.
- the feeding means is controlled by the control means to perform welding while moving the welding torch along the joint portion to form a weld bead at the joint portion, and then the welding torch is placed in the vicinity of the weld bead.
- the welded product according to the present invention is characterized in that a weld bead is formed by welding a workpiece joint, and then a portion near the weld bead of the work is welded to form a discarded bead. .
- the distribution of the residual stress generated in the base material can be changed and the residual stress can be reduced by the formation of the weld bead.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing a longitudinal section of a main part of a welding apparatus and a main part of a welded workpiece according to an embodiment of the present invention, taken along line DD in FIG. 2. It is the top view which shows the welded workpiece
- FIG. 4 is an enlarged schematic view showing a welded portion and a section taken along line DD when the present invention is applied to welding of a cylindrical member. It is the schematic which expands and shows the cross section by the EE line
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic configuration of a welding apparatus 1 according to the present embodiment and a longitudinal section including a welded portion of a workpiece W welded by the welding apparatus 1.
- the welding device 1 includes a welding torch 2 for performing welding, a feeding device 3 (feeding means) such as a robot arm that moves the welding torch 2 with a required degree of freedom, and a controller that controls the operations of the feeding device 3 and the welding torch 2. 4 (control means), and an automatic welding machine that performs welding while moving the torch along the welded portion of the workpiece W.
- a welding method by the welding apparatus 1 can employ
- the workpiece W is a coarse material for gears of an automobile final reduction gear, a transmission, etc., and a ring-shaped member having a tooth profile 5A formed by machining or the like on the outer peripheral portion and having an opening 5B in the central portion. 5 and a shaft-like member 6 (only one end including the welded portion is shown) that is welded and integrated with the ring-like member 5.
- work W should just be a metal which can be welded, and steel for gears is employ
- the ring-shaped member 5 has a thinner inner peripheral portion than the outer peripheral portion where the tooth profile 5A is formed.
- the shaft-shaped member 6 has an outer peripheral portion on one end side that is enlarged in diameter, and a hub portion 7 is integrally formed.
- the hub portion 7 has an outer diameter that can be inserted into the opening portion 5 ⁇ / b> B of the ring-shaped member 5 with an appropriate fitting tolerance, and has the same thickness as the inner peripheral portion of the ring-shaped member 5.
- An annular groove 9 is formed in the axial center portion of the outer peripheral surface of the hub portion 7 along the circumferential direction.
- the hub portion 7 is inserted into the opening portion 5B of the ring-shaped member 5, the outer peripheral surface of the hub portion 7 and the inner peripheral surface of the opening portion 5B of the ring-shaped member 5 are brought into contact with each other, and these joint portions are pivoted. Weld from both directions. As a result, the weld bead 10 is formed at the joint, and the ring-shaped member 5 and the shaft-shaped member 6 are coupled. Thereafter, the outer peripheral portions of the weld beads 10 formed on both sides in the axial direction of the joint portion between the ring-shaped member 5 and the hub portion 7 of the shaft-shaped member 6 are heated and melted by the welding torch 2 to form the discarded beads 11. To do.
- the weld bead 10 is formed to a depth reaching the annular groove 9 of the hub portion 7, whereas the discarded bead 11 is smaller than the weld bead 10, and the depth is greater than that of the weld bead 10. It is slightly shallower.
- work W with the welding apparatus 1 is demonstrated in detail.
- the hub portion 7 of the shaft-like member 6 is inserted into the opening 5 ⁇ / b> B of the ring-shaped member 5, and the inner peripheral surface of the ring-shaped member 5 and the outer peripheral surface of the hub portion 7 are abutted and fixed. .
- welding is performed while the welding torch 2 of the welding apparatus 1 is opposed to the joint portion between the ring-shaped member 5 and the hub portion 7 of the shaft-shaped member 6 and is moved along the joint portion.
- the weld bead 10 having a depth reaching the annular groove 9 of the hub portion 7 is formed by melting the joint portion. And the junction part of the axial direction both sides of the ring-shaped member 5 and the hub part 7 is welded sequentially, and the same weld bead 10 is formed in each.
- FIG. 3 shows a result of measuring the residual stress distribution of the ring-shaped member 5 in a state where only the weld bead 10 is formed by a measuring method using X-ray diffraction or the like.
- FIG. 3 shows the tensile residual stress in the direction orthogonal to the weld bead 10 of each part in the direction from the weld bead 10 of the ring-shaped member 5 to the radially outer side (the direction orthogonal to the weld bead 10).
- a discarded bead 11 is formed in the vicinity of the position A in the vicinity of the weld bead 10 where the residual stress has a peak.
- the welding torch 2 is moved to the position A and heated while feeding the welding torch 2 along the circumferential direction.
- the discarded beads 11 are formed along the circumferential direction in the vicinity of the position A near the outer peripheral side of the weld bead 10 by melting.
- the discarded beads 11 are formed on both sides in the axial direction corresponding to the weld beads 10.
- the discarded bead 11 is made smaller than the weld bead 10 and its depth is slightly shallower than the weld bead 10.
- the position where the discarded bead 11 is formed is determined in the vicinity of the position A where the residual stress peaks, and the formation of the discarded bead 11 is determined so as not to cause a problem in the strength and finished shape of the workpiece W. That's fine.
- the discarded bead 11 By forming the discarded bead 11 in this way, at the position A, the base material of the ring-shaped member 5 is heated and melted to release the residual stress. On the other hand, due to heating and cooling when forming the discarded bead 11, tensile residual stress is generated in the vicinity of the outer peripheral side of the discarded bead 11, as in the case of forming the weld bead 10. In this case, since the size (depth) of the discarded bead 11 is smaller (shallow) than the weld bead 10, the residual stress is also reduced. As a result, by forming the discarded bead 11, the residual stress peak moves from the position A to the outer peripheral side, and the magnitude of the residual stress is reduced.
- the workpiece W product was broken near the outer periphery of the weld bead 10.
- the peak of the residual stress is at position A, and the fracture point in the fatigue test (the outer periphery of the weld bead 10)
- the residual stress at position B in the vicinity of the vicinity of the portion is considerably large. This causes a decrease in fatigue strength.
- the residual stress peak moves to the outer peripheral side of the ring-shaped member 5, and accordingly, the position B near the fracture point in the fatigue test.
- the residual stress at the position B near the fracture point can be reduced by about 70%. As a result, it is possible to increase the fatigue strength of the welded portion and suppress the occurrence of product defects such as delayed cracking.
- the welding bead 11 can be formed by moving the welding torch 2 after forming the welding bead 10 using the welding apparatus 1, the existing equipment can be used, and the equipment cost can be reduced. There is no increase.
- the discarded bead 11 is formed on the outer peripheral side of the weld bead 10
- the discarded bead may be formed on the inner peripheral side of the weld bead 10.
- the residual stress generated on the inner peripheral side of the weld bead 10 can be moved to the inner peripheral side by the discarded bead and the residual stress can be reduced.
- FIG. 4A shows a workpiece W1 applied in the second embodiment
- FIG. 4B shows an enlarged cross section of the workpiece W1 along the line EE.
- the workpiece W1 is cylindrical members 12 and 13, and their end faces are abutted and welded.
- the butted portion is welded from the outer peripheral side of the cylindrical members 12 and 13 by the welding torch 2 of the welding apparatus 1 to form a weld bead 14 that reaches the inner peripheral surface.
- the discarding bead 15 is formed by moving the welding torch 2 near the position A where the residual stress generated in the cylindrical member 13 by the weld bead 14 peaks.
- the peak can be further moved to the cylindrical member 13 side and the residual stress can be reduced.
- the residual stress at the position B (see FIG. 4B) on the cylindrical member 13 side in the vicinity of the weld bead 14 can be reduced.
- the discarded bead 15 may be provided on the cylindrical member 12 side, may be provided on both sides of the cylindrical members 12 and 13, or the cylindrical beads 12 and 13 may be provided. You may provide in an inner peripheral part and can arrange
- FIG. 5A shows a work W2 applied in the third embodiment
- FIG. 5B shows an enlarged cross section of the work W1 along the line FF.
- the workpiece W ⁇ b> 1 is a flat plate member 16, 17, and these end surfaces are abutted and welded. This butted portion is welded from one side of the flat members 16 and 17 by the welding torch 2 to form a weld bead 18 that reaches the other side.
- the discarding bead 119 is formed by moving the welding torch 2 near the position A where the residual stress generated in the flat plate member 17 by the weld bead 18 peaks.
- the peak can be further moved to the flat plate member 17 side and the residual stress can be reduced.
- the residual stress at the position B (see FIG. 5B) on the flat plate member 17 side in the vicinity of the weld bead 18 can be reduced.
- the discard bead 19 may be provided on the flat plate member 16 side, may be provided on both sides of the flat plate members 16 and 17, or the flat plate members 16 and 17 may be provided. It may be provided on the other surface side and can be appropriately arranged depending on the position where the residual stress to be reduced occurs.
- the present invention can be applied to a workpiece having a shape different from the shapes of the workpieces W to W2 in the first to third embodiments, and the residual stress to be reduced is reduced with respect to the residual stress generated by welding.
- the discarded beat can be appropriately arranged according to the position.
- this invention is similarly applied to other forms of welding, such as fillet welding. Can be applied.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Butt Welding And Welding Of Specific Article (AREA)
Abstract
Description
溶接部を再加熱するため、溶接装置とは別に、上述のアーク発生リング、リングコイル及びこれらを作動させるための装置が必要であり、設備コストが高くなる。また、溶接部を再加熱するため、母材の材質によっては、再加熱により溶接部に脆い金属組織が形成されることになり、溶接継手の強度が低下する虞がある。例えば、母材が鋳物の場合、溶接部の再加熱により、脆いチル層が形成されて溶接継手の強度が低下する場合がある。
本発明に係る溶接装置は、溶接を行う溶接トーチと、該溶接トーチを移動させる送り手段と、該送り手段を制御する制御手段とを備えた溶接装置において、
前記制御手段により前記送り手段を制御して、前記溶接トーチを前記接合部に沿って移動させながら溶接を行って前記接合部に溶接ビードを形成し、その後、前記溶接トーチを前記溶接ビードの近傍に沿って移動させながら溶接を行って前記ワークの前記溶接ビードの近傍に捨てビードを形成することを特徴とする。
また、本発明に係る溶接製品は、ワークの接合部が溶接されて溶接ビードが形成され、その後、前記ワークの前記溶接ビードの近傍が溶接されて捨てビードが形成されていることを特徴とする。
本発明の第1実施形態について、図1乃至図3を参照して説明する。図1は、本実施形態に係る溶接装置1の概略構成及び溶接装置1によって溶接されたワークWの溶接部を含む縦断面を示している。
図1を参照して、リング状部材5の開口部5Bに軸状部材6のハブ部7を挿入し、リング状部材5の内周面とハブ部7の外周面とを突き合せて固定する。そして、図1中に実線で示すように、溶接装置1の溶接トーチ2をリング状部材5と軸状部材6のハブ部7との接合部に対向させ、接合部に沿って移動させながら溶接を行い、接合部を溶融させてハブ部7の環状溝9に達する深さの溶接ビード10を形成する。そして、リング状部材5とハブ部7との軸方向両側の接合部を順次溶接して、それぞれに同様の溶接ビード10を形成する。
Claims (9)
- ワークの接合部を溶接して溶接ビードを形成した後、前記ワークの前記溶接ビードの近傍を溶接して捨てビードを形成することを特徴とする溶接方法。
- 前記溶接ビードの形成によって前記ワークの母材に生じる残留応力がピークとなる位置付近に前記捨てビードを形成することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の溶接方法。
- 前記捨てビードを前記溶接ビードよりも小さくすることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の溶接方法。
- 溶接を行う溶接トーチと、該溶接トーチを移動させる送り手段と、該送り手段を制御する制御手段とを備えた溶接装置において、
前記制御手段により前記送り手段を制御して、前記溶接トーチを前記接合部に沿って移動させながら溶接を行って前記接合部に溶接ビードを形成し、その後、前記溶接トーチを前記溶接ビードの近傍に沿って移動させながら溶接を行って前記ワークの前記溶接ビードの近傍に捨てビードを形成することを特徴とする溶接装置。 - 前記制御手段により前記送り手段を制御して、前記溶接ビードの形成によって前記ワークの母材に生じる残留応力がピークとなる位置付近に前記捨てビードを形成するように前記溶接トーチを移動させることを特徴とする請求項4に記載の溶接装置。
- 前記捨てビードが前記溶接ビードよりも小さくなるように溶接を行うことを特徴とする請求項4又は5に記載の溶接装置。
- ワークの接合部が溶接されて溶接ビードが形成され、その後、前記ワークの前記溶接ビードの近傍が溶接されて捨てビードが形成されていることを特徴とする溶接製品。
- 前記捨てビードは、前記溶接ビードの形成によって前記ワークの母材に生じる残留応力がピークとなる位置付近に形成されていることを特徴とする請求項7に記載の溶接製品。
- 前記捨てビードは、前記溶接ビードよりも小さいことを特徴とする請求項7又は8に記載の溶接製品。
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN105057854A (zh) * | 2015-09-11 | 2015-11-18 | 上海电气核电设备有限公司 | 一种控制熔深的不锈钢铸件表面堆焊方法 |
JP2016137591A (ja) * | 2015-01-26 | 2016-08-04 | ファナック株式会社 | 射出成形機の機台 |
EP3409410A4 (en) * | 2016-01-28 | 2019-10-02 | Nippon Steel Corporation | METHOD FOR ENHANCING COVERED JOINT SEAL FATIGUE RESISTANCE, METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING SEALED SOLDER JOINT, AND RECOVERY SEALED JOINT |
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JPS53141140A (en) * | 1977-05-16 | 1978-12-08 | Hitachi Ltd | Process for forming weld joint of pipeline or vessel |
JP2002144082A (ja) * | 2000-11-09 | 2002-05-21 | Nippon Steel Corp | 疲労強度に優れた軟鋼または490MPa級鋼の溶接継手およびその作製方法 |
WO2011068155A1 (ja) * | 2009-12-04 | 2011-06-09 | 新日本製鐵株式会社 | 溶接構造体の突合せ溶接継手、及びその製造方法 |
WO2011089706A1 (ja) * | 2010-01-22 | 2011-07-28 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 溶接構造および溶接方法 |
-
2011
- 2011-12-27 WO PCT/JP2011/080310 patent/WO2013098965A1/ja active Application Filing
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JPS53141140A (en) * | 1977-05-16 | 1978-12-08 | Hitachi Ltd | Process for forming weld joint of pipeline or vessel |
JP2002144082A (ja) * | 2000-11-09 | 2002-05-21 | Nippon Steel Corp | 疲労強度に優れた軟鋼または490MPa級鋼の溶接継手およびその作製方法 |
WO2011068155A1 (ja) * | 2009-12-04 | 2011-06-09 | 新日本製鐵株式会社 | 溶接構造体の突合せ溶接継手、及びその製造方法 |
WO2011089706A1 (ja) * | 2010-01-22 | 2011-07-28 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 溶接構造および溶接方法 |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2016137591A (ja) * | 2015-01-26 | 2016-08-04 | ファナック株式会社 | 射出成形機の機台 |
CN105057854A (zh) * | 2015-09-11 | 2015-11-18 | 上海电气核电设备有限公司 | 一种控制熔深的不锈钢铸件表面堆焊方法 |
EP3409410A4 (en) * | 2016-01-28 | 2019-10-02 | Nippon Steel Corporation | METHOD FOR ENHANCING COVERED JOINT SEAL FATIGUE RESISTANCE, METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING SEALED SOLDER JOINT, AND RECOVERY SEALED JOINT |
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