WO2013047109A1 - リチウムイオン二次電池の充電方法 - Google Patents
リチウムイオン二次電池の充電方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013047109A1 WO2013047109A1 PCT/JP2012/072451 JP2012072451W WO2013047109A1 WO 2013047109 A1 WO2013047109 A1 WO 2013047109A1 JP 2012072451 W JP2012072451 W JP 2012072451W WO 2013047109 A1 WO2013047109 A1 WO 2013047109A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
- H02J7/0071—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage with a programmable schedule
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
- H02J7/007188—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the charge cycle being controlled or terminated in response to non-electric parameters
- H02J7/007192—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the charge cycle being controlled or terminated in response to non-electric parameters in response to temperature
- H02J7/007194—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the charge cycle being controlled or terminated in response to non-electric parameters in response to temperature of the battery
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/134—Electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B40/00—Technologies aiming at improving the efficiency of home appliances, e.g. induction cooking or efficient technologies for refrigerators, freezers or dish washers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/13—Energy storage using capacitors
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a charging method suitable for a lithium ion secondary battery configured using a negative electrode material containing silicon (Si).
- Lithium ion secondary batteries which are a type of non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, are widely used because of their high voltage and high capacity, and various improvements have been made to their charging methods in order to use them more effectively. ing.
- CCCV constant current constant voltage
- CCCV charging is performed as shown in FIG.
- the horizontal axis represents time
- the vertical axis represents voltage, current, and temperature.
- This figure shows changes in voltage and temperature when charging is performed by controlling the current as shown.
- constant current (CC) charging is performed. That is, when a current value that can discharge a fully charged battery in 1 hour is 1 C, the battery is charged with a constant current of about 0.7 to 1 C, for example.
- the CC charge is continued until the voltage rises with charging and reaches a predetermined set voltage Vc, for example, 4.2V.
- Vc constant voltage
- the charging is switched to constant voltage (CV) charging, and charging is performed while reducing the charging current so as to maintain the set voltage Vc.
- a circuit for charging a secondary battery incorporates a function of stopping charging when the secondary battery rises to a predetermined temperature during charging.
- the temperature of the secondary battery is detected by mounting a temperature detection element (for example, a thermistor) on the secondary battery or mounting it on an attached protection circuit, and is electrically connected to an external charger and battery pack mounted device. Communicated.
- a temperature detection element for example, a thermistor
- Fig. 7 shows the charging process with such a configuration. Similar to FIG. 6, the horizontal axis represents time, and the vertical axis represents voltage, current, and temperature.
- the horizontal axis represents time
- the vertical axis represents voltage, current, and temperature.
- charging is stopped when the temperature reaches the charging stop temperature Toff.
- the secondary battery generates a large amount of heat, so that the charging is stopped due to reaching the charging stop temperature Toff during charging. It is easy to generate.
- a charging method that performs control as shown in FIG. 8 is known in order to avoid occurrence of a situation where the charging stop temperature Toff is reached. That is, charging is performed with a relatively large charging current Ia during the first CC-a charging period. When the temperature of the battery pack rises and reaches the switching temperature Tcc set lower than the charging stop temperature Toff, the charging current is reduced to Ib (Ib ⁇ Ia) to perform CC-b charging. In this way, by suppressing the charging current before reaching the charging stop temperature Toff, it is possible to suppress the heat generation of the battery and perform charging while avoiding the charging suspension. However, since the charging current in CC-b charging is suppressed, the total charging time in the CC region is extended. Furthermore, since the charging current at the time when the CV charging is reached decreases from the large current for completing the charging in a short time, the charging time after reaching the CV charging also increases.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a method for charging a lithium ion secondary battery in a CCCV, and as described above, monitoring the heat generation of the battery pack and changing the charging current. That is, in the first charging step, the battery temperature rise gradient with respect to the charging current is detected, and the battery temperature in a state where the battery has been charged to the first set capacity is predicted based on the detected temperature rise gradient. Based on the predicted temperature, the battery is charged to the first set capacity by controlling the charging current so that the temperature of the battery does not become higher than the set temperature. In the second charging step, after charging to the first set capacity, the temperature of the battery in the state charged to the second set capacity is predicted based on the temperature rise gradient.
- the battery is charged to the second set capacity by controlling the charging current so that the temperature of the battery does not become higher than the set temperature. Thereby, it is said that full charge can be reached in a short time while preventing the temperature rise of the lithium ion secondary battery.
- a composite material (SiO x ) having a structure in which ultrafine particles of Si are dispersed in SiO 2 is known as a high-capacity negative electrode material (for example, Patent Document 2).
- a high-capacity negative electrode material for example, Patent Document 2.
- the inventor has other types of heat generation characteristics associated with charging of the lithium ion secondary battery. It was obtained as a new finding that it is a unique one not found in lithium ion secondary batteries. And it turned out that the subject in the charging method of the said prior art example can be solved by utilizing this heat_generation
- an object of the present invention is to provide a charging method that enables high-efficiency charging while suppressing heat generation during charging for a lithium ion secondary battery using a negative electrode material containing Si. .
- the method for charging a lithium ion secondary battery according to the present invention includes a step of performing constant current (CC) charging up to a predetermined set voltage, and switching to constant voltage (CV) charging after reaching the set voltage
- CCCV constant current constant voltage
- the lithium ion secondary battery targeted by the charging method of the present invention is configured using a negative electrode material containing Si, and during the CC charging period, when the temperature of the battery increases as the charging progresses A change point Ta exists in the temperature increase gradient, and the temperature increase gradient in the initial T1 interval having the change point Ta as a boundary is steeper than the temperature increase gradient in the T2 interval following the T1 interval.
- the 1st charge method of the lithium ion secondary battery of this invention respond
- the switching time ts is set in the range of t T ⁇ ts ⁇ (t T ⁇ 1.2), and the switching time ts elapses from the start of charging during the CC charging period. Performs CC charging with a first current value, and performs CC charging with a second current value larger than the first current value after the switching time ts has elapsed.
- the second charging method of the lithium ion secondary battery of the present invention corresponds to the time point when the change point Ta is generated after the CC charging is started from the state where the charging rate is 0%, which is obtained in advance.
- the switching time ts based on the charging time t T, the switching time ts and set within the range of t T ⁇ ts ⁇ (t T ⁇ 1.2), before starting the charging, to determine the state of charge of the lithium ion secondary battery
- CC charging period if the charging state is a state before the change point Ta, CC charging is performed with a first current value until the switching time ts elapses from the start of charging.
- CC charging is performed with a second current value larger than the first current value, and if the state of charge exceeds the change point Ta, a second current greater than the first current value is obtained. CC charge is performed by current value .
- the charging time at the first current value is larger than the charging at the first current value due to the switching time set corresponding to the changing point of the temperature rise gradient accompanying charging. Switched to charging. Therefore, charging is performed with a small current during a period corresponding to the T1 interval in which the temperature increase gradient is steep, and charging is performed with a large current during a period corresponding to the T2 interval in which the temperature increase gradient is gentle. As a result, it is possible to efficiently charge during the period when the temperature rise gradient is slow while suppressing heat generation as much as possible to suppress heat generation during the period when the temperature rise gradient is steep, and to reduce the time required for charging. It can be shortened.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram for illustrating a method for charging a lithium ion secondary battery in Embodiment 1.
- Flow chart showing the steps of the charging method
- Flow chart showing steps of a method for charging a lithium ion secondary battery in the third embodiment
- the figure which shows the example of the conventional general constant current constant voltage (CCCV) charge The figure which shows the example of the improved CCCV charge of the prior art example
- the charging method of the lithium ion secondary battery of the present invention can take the following aspects based on the above configuration.
- the charging rate of the lithium ion secondary battery is measured, and when the charging rate is 10% or less, the charging state is the change point.
- the state is before Ta, and the charging rate exceeds 10%, it can be determined that the state of charge exceeds the change point Ta.
- the charging time t T is set using the charging time t T10 from the time when the charging rate is 0% until the charging rate reaches 10% as the charging rate t T.
- the switching time ts1 can be set in a range of t T10 ⁇ ts1 ⁇ (t T10 ⁇ 1.2).
- the switching time as the switching time ts ts2 can be set in the range of t TA ⁇ ts2 ⁇ (t TA ⁇ 1.2).
- the first current value can be set within a range of 0.7 to 0.8 C. .
- the second current value can be set to 1.5C or more.
- the charging rate at the end of the T2 section can be set to exceed 80%.
- the lithium ion secondary battery may be configured using a composite material (SiO x ) having a structure in which ultrafine particles of Si are dispersed in SiO 2 as the negative electrode material.
- the composite material (SiO x ) includes a core including a material in which an atomic ratio x of oxygen to silicon is 0.5 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.5, and a carbon coating layer covering the surface of the core. Can be.
- the charging method of the present invention is a lithium ion secondary battery (hereinafter referred to as Si-containing lithium ion) using a negative electrode material containing Si, such as a composite material (SiO x ) having a structure in which ultrafine particles of Si are dispersed in SiO 2.
- Si-containing lithium ion a lithium ion secondary battery (hereinafter referred to as Si-containing lithium ion) using a negative electrode material containing Si, such as a composite material (SiO x ) having a structure in which ultrafine particles of Si are dispersed in SiO 2.
- the Si-containing lithium ion secondary battery uses a high-capacity negative electrode material made of the composite material as described above, so that charging / discharging can be performed smoothly and the capacity can be increased.
- An example of a specific configuration of a Si-containing lithium ion secondary battery targeted by the present invention is a non-aqueous secondary battery including a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a non-aqueous electrolyte, where the positive electrode is a lithium-containing transition metal oxide
- a negative electrode comprises a core containing a material containing silicon and oxygen as constituent elements and an atomic ratio x of oxygen to silicon of 0.5 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.5, and a surface of the core
- cover can be mentioned (refer patent document 2).
- This Si-containing lithium ion secondary battery exhibits heat generation characteristics as shown in FIG.
- the horizontal axis represents time
- the vertical axis represents current, charge rate, and temperature.
- the charge rate is the ratio of the charge amount to the battery capacity.
- This characteristic indicates a change in battery temperature (heat generation characteristic) associated with CCCV charging in which the charging current is controlled as in the conventional example shown in FIG.
- the temperature rising gradient is steep at the beginning of charging, and the temperature rising gradient is gentle after short-term charging. become. Therefore, when changing from a steep temperature rise gradient to a gentle temperature rise gradient, a change point Ta of the temperature rise gradient is recognized.
- the first period of CC charging is described as a T1 interval (charging time t T1 ), and the latter period of CC charging is described as a T2 interval (charging time t T2 ), starting from the time when the change point Ta occurs from the start of charging.
- the change point Ta of the temperature rise gradient appears in the vicinity of a charging rate of 10% as a characteristic common to Si-containing lithium ion secondary batteries. That is, when CC charging is performed from various charging rate states, a change point Ta appears in the vicinity where the charging rate becomes 10%. Therefore, the time required from the start of charging until the change point Ta appears depends on the charging rate at the start of charging. If charging is started from a state with a high charging rate, a period during which the temperature rise gradient is steep will be shorter than when charging is started from a state with a low charging rate. Alternatively, there may be a gradual temperature rise gradient immediately after the start of charging.
- the charging method in the embodiment of the present invention described below performs charging with a small current in the CC charging region corresponding to the T1 interval, and is the same as the conventional method in the CC charging region corresponding to the T2 interval. It is characterized by charging with a large current. Further, the end period of the T2 section can be extended to an area where the charging rate exceeds 80%.
- Embodiment 1 A method for charging a lithium ion secondary battery according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
- the horizontal axis represents time
- the vertical axis represents current, charging rate, and temperature.
- This charging method basically belongs to the CCCV charging method. That is, CC charging is performed until a predetermined set voltage Vc (voltage is not shown), and when the set voltage Vc is reached (tcv), the charging current is switched to CV charging to maintain the set voltage. Charge while decreasing. CV charging is stopped at the time tf when the charging current reaches the set value If, and charging is completed.
- the present embodiment is characterized in the process of CC charging.
- CC1 charging is performed at the initial stage of CC charging
- CC2 is performed at the later stage, with the passage of switching time ts from the start of charging as a boundary.
- Switch to charging That is, in the CC1 charging from charging start up the switching time ts elapses, performs charging and controlled to maintain the first current value I 1 of the small current.
- the CC2 charging after switching time ts has elapsed to charge and controlled to maintain a large second current value I 2 than the first current value.
- the transition to CV charging and the subsequent operation are the same as in conventional CCCV charging.
- FIG. 3 shows an operation procedure according to the charging method as described above.
- charging is started, first, while the first current value I 1 by performed CC1 charging (Step S1), and determines the course of switching time ts (Step S2).
- the procedure proceeds to step S3, performing CC2 charged by the second current value I 2 greater than the first current value. Accordingly, it is determined whether or not the set voltage Vc has been reached (step S4).
- step S4 switching to CV charging is performed while reducing the charging current so as to maintain the set voltage Vc (step S5).
- step S6 it is determined whether or not the CV charging has been completed based on whether or not the charging current has reached the set value If (step S6), and when the termination has been reached (step S6, Yes), the process proceeds to step S7.
- the charging current is cut off and charging is completed.
- the switching time ts in the above charging method is basically set as follows. First, for a lithium ion secondary battery having the same specification as the object to be charged, charging is started from a state where the charging rate is 0%, and the charging time t T corresponding to the time point when the temperature rise gradient changing point Ta occurs is measured. Keep it.
- the charging time t T as described later, it is not necessary to measure by detecting necessarily the occurrence of a change point Ta directly. In short, the charging time t T may be measured based on an event corresponding to the time point when the change point Ta occurs. If measured in correspondence with the charging time t T by setting the switching time ts, the switching time in the vicinity of the timing of the change point Ta appears ts will be set. Thereby, it can switch from CC1 charge to CC2 charge in the vicinity of the change point Ta of a temperature rise gradient.
- the switching time ts which corresponds to the charging time t T.
- the switching time ts1 is described. First, for a lithium ion secondary battery having the same specification as the charging target, charging time t T10 from when the charging rate is 0% to when the charging rate reaches 10% is measured, and the charging time is measured. used as a t T.
- the high current second 2 at a current value I 2 will perform CC2 charging.
- the switching time ts1 is also set to some extent displaced with respect to the charging time t T10, it is controlled to a small first current value I 1
- I 1 the first current value
- the switching time ts1 is set in the range of t T10 ⁇ ts1 ⁇ (t T10 ⁇ 1.2) based on the charging time t T10 . That is, the same time and the charging time t T10 up to 20% longer than the charging time t T10, a desirable tolerance in order to obtain the effect described above.
- the switching time ts1 is set as described above, in actual charging, it does not always coincide with the time point at which the change point Ta of the temperature increase gradient appears from the start of charging. That is, as described above, the amount of charge required until the change point Ta appears, and thus the charging time (t T1 ) changes according to the charging rate at the start of charging. In contrast, as the charging time t T10 for setting the switching time ts1, the measurement results when the charging rate starts charging from 0% state is used. Therefore, a certain amount of deviation occurs at the time when the switching time ts1 and the change point Ta appear.
- the charging time (t T1 ) required until the change point Ta appears may be shortened depending on the charging rate at the time of starting charging, but it does not become longer. Therefore, if the switching time ts1 is set in the range of t T10 ⁇ ts1 ⁇ (t T10 ⁇ 1.2) as described above, the first current with a small current is always generated in the region corresponding to the T1 section where the temperature rise gradient is large. CC1 charging is performed by the current value I 1, the temperature increase is reliably prevented.
- the CC1 charging may extend to a region corresponding to the T2 section, and in this case, the charging period with a small current is long, which is disadvantageous for shortening the CC charging time.
- the charging time t T10 as a reference for switching time ts1, since a percentage of the duration of the CC charging is small, if the duration of the CC1 charging up to + 20% as described above, effects on shortening the charging time Is small. Therefore, a sufficient contribution to efficient charging that avoids the temperature rise can be obtained. This effect is set to be within the aforementioned range switching time ts1 against charging time t T10, obtained correspondingly regardless of other conditions.
- the change point Ta of the temperature rise gradient is highly dependent on the amount of Si added, but no substantial variation due to the charge rate is observed. For this reason, the charging time until the charging rate reaches 10% changes substantially in proportion to the charging rate.
- the change point Ta of the temperature rise gradient appears at a charging rate of about 10% at the 2C rate of the total charge.
- the charging time until the charging rate reaches 10% is 3 minutes, and the temperature rise during that time is about 15 ° C.
- the charging time until the charging rate reaches 10% is 6 minutes, and the temperature rise during that time is about 7 ° C.
- the temperature rise during the CC2 charging period is about 10 ° C. Therefore, when CC1 charge (1C) and CC2 charge (2C) are combined as shown in FIG. 2, the total temperature rise value during the CC charge period is about 17 ° C. When the CC charge is performed continuously at 2C, the total temperature rise is about 25 ° C., and it can be seen that the temperature rise can be suppressed by combining the CC1 charge and the CC2 charge. Thereby, it becomes easy to increase the speed of charging by a large current during CC2 charging.
- the first current value I 1 is set to a value smaller than the second current value I 2 within a range applicable to CC charging in the well-known CCCV charging method, a corresponding practical effect can be obtained. it can. However, it is practically preferable to set the first current value I 1 within the range of 0.7 to 0.8 C level. This is because the effect of suppressing the temperature rise can be sufficiently obtained and the influence on the rapid charge is small. Second current value I 2, if set above 1.5 C, is particularly effective in the rapid reduction of the charge.
- FIG. 4 shows the characteristics of a conventional battery lithium ion secondary battery to which the charging method of the present embodiment is not applicable.
- the temperature rises with a gentle gradient in the CC charging region, so that the effect of the charging method as described above cannot be expected. That is, since there is no change point of the temperature rise gradient, even if charging is performed with a suppressed current corresponding to CC1 charging in the initial charging stage until charging time tT10 until the charging rate reaches 10%, the subsequent CC2 Since the heat generation in the charge corresponding to the charge is large, it cannot be expected that the total heat generation amount is greatly suppressed. Therefore, it is difficult to shorten the charging time with a large current.
- the charging method of the lithium ion secondary battery in the second embodiment of the present invention is substantially the same as the method in the first embodiment.
- the switching time ts1 in the case of the first embodiment is replaced by the switching time ts2. Therefore, the contents shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 are common to the present embodiment except for the switching time ts1, and the obtained effect is the same as that of the first embodiment.
- the switching time ts2 in the present embodiment is set as follows. That is, for a lithium ion secondary battery having the same specifications as the object to be charged, the charging time t TA from when the charging rate is 0% until the change point Ta of the temperature rise gradient is detected is measured. Keep it.
- the switching time ts2 is to be set at a timing when the change point Ta appears. Thereby, CC1 charge can be switched to CC2 charge at the change point Ta of the temperature rise gradient.
- the switching time ts1 is indirectly associated with the change point Ta of the temperature rise gradient using the time point when the charging rate becomes 10%, whereas the change point Ta of the temperature rise gradient is detected during the switching time ts2. It is different from the first embodiment in that it directly corresponds to the charging time tTA until. Therefore, it is possible to control to switch from CC1 charging to CC2 charging at a more reliable timing.
- switching time ts2 is set to some extent displaced with respect to the charging time t TA, by CC1 charging is controlled to a small first current value I 1 is included in the initial charge, sufficient effect in practice, or correspondingly The effect of can be obtained.
- the switching time ts2 even when the switching time ts2 is set as described above, in actual charging, it does not always coincide with the time when the change point Ta of the temperature rise gradient appears from the start of charging. It is the same. In practical use, since the charging rate at the start of charging is not constant, the charging time (t T1 ) does not become constant. In contrast, as the charging time t TA for setting the switching time ts2, the measurement results when the charging rate starts charging from 0% state is used. Therefore, a certain amount of deviation occurs at the time when the switching time ts2 and the change point Ta appear.
- the switching time ts2 as described above, t TA ⁇ ts2 ⁇ be set in the range of (t TA ⁇ 1.2), always in the region corresponding to the large interval T1 of the temperature rise gradient, the first small-current CC1 charging is performed by the current value I 1, the temperature increase is reliably prevented.
- the charging time t TA as a reference for switching time ts2 because proportion during the CC charging is small, if the duration of the CC1 charging up to + 20% as described above, effects on shortening the charging time Is small. Therefore, a sufficient contribution to efficient charging that avoids the temperature rise can be obtained. This effect is set to be within the aforementioned range switching time ts2 relative to the charging time t TA, obtained correspondingly regardless of other conditions.
- the method for charging the lithium ion secondary battery in the third embodiment of the present invention is also substantially the same as the method in the first embodiment.
- the contents shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 are common to the present embodiment, and are based on the same principle as in the first embodiment.
- the present embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that it has a step of determining the state of charge of the lithium ion secondary battery before the start of charging, and this has the effect of further reducing the charging time. improves.
- CC charging is performed with the first current value until the switching time ts has elapsed from the start of charging, and the second current value after the switching time ts has elapsed. To charge the CC. On the other hand, if the state of charge exceeds the change point Ta, CC charging is performed with the second current value.
- the determination of the state of charge for detecting whether or not the change point Ta is exceeded can be performed based on a charging rate of 10%, for example. That is, when the charging rate is 10% or less, it is determined that the charging state is the state before the changing point Ta, and when the charging rate exceeds 10%, the charging state is the changing point Ta. It is determined that the condition exceeds. As described above, the charging rate of 10% generally corresponds to the changing point Ta.
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing an operation procedure according to the charging method of the present embodiment when the charging rate is used for determining the charging state.
- step S10 when charging is started, the charging rate is first detected (step S10). Next, it is determined whether or not the detected charging rate exceeds 10% (step S11). In the case where the charging rate is greater than 10% (step S11, Yes), the second current value I 2 shifts to step S3 to start the CC2 charging.
- step S11 Yes
- step S11 Yes
- step S11 when the charging rate of 10% or less (step S11, No), the first current value I 1 and proceeds to step S1 to start the CC1 charging.
- the subsequent steps are the same as in the first embodiment.
- the charging method of this embodiment when starting charging from a state where the charging rate is greater than 10%, since CC1 charging by the first current value I 1 is omitted, the time required for charging It is possible to improve the effect of shortening.
- the method for charging a lithium ion secondary battery of the present invention it is possible to efficiently charge while suppressing a temperature rise, and it is useful for charging lithium ion secondary batteries for all uses including mobile devices. It is.
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Abstract
Description
本発明の充電方法は、Siの超微粒子がSiO2中に分散した構造を持つ複合材料(SiOx)のような、Siを含む負極材料を用いたリチウムイオン二次電池(以下Si含有リチウムイオン二次電池と記述する)を対象とし、同二次電池を充電する場合に特有の特徴を有するものである。従って、この項の説明では、実施の形態についての説明に先立ち、Si含有リチウムイオン二次電池に関し、本発明の基礎となる特有の特性について説明する。
(1)各区間の充電時間の関係
tT1(T1区間の充電時間)<tT2(T2区間の充電時間)
(2)各区間における充電量の関係
tT1*Iq<tT2*Iq (Iqは充電電流)
(3)各区間における温度勾配の関係
ΔT1(T1区間温度勾配)>ΔT2(T2区間温度勾配)
(4)各区間における温度増加量の関係
δT1(T1区間温度増加量)≧δT2(T2区間温度増加量)
(5)CC区間の充電に伴う発熱総量=δT1+δT2
このように、Si含有リチウムイオン二次電池は、T1区間における短時間で大きく発熱し、T2区間での発熱はT1区間に比べ抑制され、もしくは同等である。従って、CC区間における総発熱量を抑制するためには、T1区間における温度上昇を抑制する事が効果的である。これを考慮して、以下に説明する本発明の実施の形態における充電方法は、T1区間に対応するCC充電領域では小電流で充電を行い、T2区間に対応するCC充電領域では、従来と同様の大電流で充電することを特徴とする。また、T2区間の終了期間を充電率80%を超える区域まで広げることができる。
本発明の実施の形態1におけるリチウムイオン二次電池の充電方法について、図2を参照して説明する。図2において、横軸は時間、縦軸は電流、充電率、及び温度を示す。
本発明の実施の形態2におけるリチウムイオン二次電池の充電方法は、大略、実施の形態1の方法と同様である。本実施の形態では、実施の形態1の場合の切替時間ts1が切替時間ts2によって置き換えられる。従って、図1、図2に示した内容は、切替時間ts1以外は本実施の形態でも共通であり、得られる効果も実施の形態1の場合と同様である。
本発明の実施の形態3におけるリチウムイオン二次電池の充電方法も、大略、実施の形態1の方法と同様である。図1、図2に示した内容は、本実施の形態でも共通であり、実施の形態1と同様の原理に基づく。本実施の形態は、充電開始前にリチウムイオン二次電池の充電状態を判定するステップを有する点が、実施の形態1とは相違する特徴であり、これにより、更に充電時間を短縮する効果が向上する。
Claims (10)
- 所定の設定電圧までは定電流(CC)充電を行うステップと、前記設定電圧に達してからは、定電圧(CV)充電に切換えて前記設定電圧を維持するように充電電流を減少させながら充電を行うステップとからなる定電流定電圧(CCCV)充電によりリチウムイオン二次電池を充電する方法であって、
前記リチウムイオン二次電池は、Siを含む負極材料を用いて構成され、前記CC充電の期間において、充電の進行に伴い電池の温度が上昇する際の温度上昇勾配に変化点Taが存在し、前記変化点Taを境界とする初期のT1区間における温度上昇勾配が前記T1区間に続くT2区間における温度上昇勾配よりも急峻である特性を有し、
予め測定により得た、充電率が0%の状態から前記CC充電を開始して前記変化点Taが発生した時点に対応する充電時間tTに基づき、切替時間tsを、tT≦ts≦(tT×1.2)の範囲で設定し、
前記CC充電の期間には、充電開始から前記切替時間tsが経過するまでは第1電流値によりCC充電を行い、前記切替時間tsが経過した後は前記第1電流値よりも大きな第2電流値によりCC充電を行うことを特徴とするリチウムイオン二次電池の充電方法。 - 所定の設定電圧までは定電流(CC)充電を行うステップと、前記設定電圧に達してからは、定電圧(CV)充電に切換えて前記設定電圧を維持するように充電電流を減少させながら充電を行うステップとからなる定電流定電圧(CCCV)充電によりリチウムイオン二次電池を充電する方法であって、
前記リチウムイオン二次電池は、Siを含む負極材料を用いて構成され、前記CC充電の期間において、充電の進行に伴い電池の温度が上昇する際の温度上昇勾配に変化点Taが存在し、前記変化点Taを境界とする初期のT1区間における温度上昇勾配が前記T1区間に続くT2区間における温度上昇勾配よりも急峻である特性を有し、
予め測定により得た、充電率が0%の状態から前記CC充電を開始して前記変化点Taが発生した時点に対応する充電時間tTに基づき、切替時間tsを、tT≦ts≦(tT×1.2)の範囲で設定し、
充電を開始する前に、前記リチウムイオン二次電池の充電状態を判定し、前記CC充電の期間には、
前記充電状態が前記変化点Taの前の状態であれば、充電開始から前記切替時間tsが経過するまでは第1電流値によりCC充電を行い、前記切替時間tsが経過した後は前記第1電流値よりも大きな第2電流値によりCC充電を行い、
前記充電状態が前記変化点Taを超えた状態であれば、前記第1電流値よりも大きな第2電流値によりCC充電を行うことを特徴とするリチウムイオン二次電池の充電方法。 - 充電を開始する前に、前記リチウムイオン二次電池の充電率を測定し、
前記充電率が10%以下であった場合には、前記充電状態が前記変化点Taの前の状態であると判定し、
充電率が10%を超えていた場合には、前記充電状態が前記変化点Taを超えた状態と判定する請求項2に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池の充電方法。 - 前記充電時間tTとして、充電率が0%の状態から充電を開始して充電率が10%に達するまでの充電時間tT10を用い、前記切替時間tsとして切替時間ts1を、tT10≦ts1≦(tT10×1.2)の範囲で設定する請求項1または2に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池の充電方法。
- 前記充電時間tTとして、充電率が0%の状態から充電を開始して前記温度上昇勾配の変化点が検出されるまでの充電時間tTAを用い、前記切替時間tsとして切替時間ts2を、tTA≦ts2≦(tTA×1.2)の範囲で設定する請求項1または2に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池の充電方法。
- 満充電状態の前記リチウムイオン二次電池を1時間で放電可能な電流値を1Cとするとき、前記第1電流値を、0.7~0.8Cの範囲内に設定する請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池の充電方法。
- 前記第2電流値を、1.5C以上に設定する請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池の充電方法。
- 前記T2区間の終了時の充電率が80%を超えるように設定する請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池の充電方法。
- 前記リチウムイオン二次電池は、前記負極材料として、Siの超微粒子がSiO2中に分散した構造を持つ複合材料(SiOx)を用いて構成された請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池の充電方法。
- 前記複合材料(SiOx)は、珪素に対する酸素の原子比xが0.5≦x≦1.5である材料を含むコアと、コアの表面を被覆する炭素の被覆層とで構成されている請求項9に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池の充電方法。
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