WO2013046958A1 - Système de production d'hydrogène - Google Patents

Système de production d'hydrogène Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013046958A1
WO2013046958A1 PCT/JP2012/070467 JP2012070467W WO2013046958A1 WO 2013046958 A1 WO2013046958 A1 WO 2013046958A1 JP 2012070467 W JP2012070467 W JP 2012070467W WO 2013046958 A1 WO2013046958 A1 WO 2013046958A1
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Prior art keywords
hydrogen production
hydrogen
production system
switching element
voltage
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PCT/JP2012/070467
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
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寛人 内藤
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株式会社日立製作所
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Priority to JP2013536049A priority Critical patent/JP5837081B2/ja
Publication of WO2013046958A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013046958A1/fr

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
    • C25B1/01—Products
    • C25B1/02—Hydrogen or oxygen
    • C25B1/04—Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B15/00—Operating or servicing cells
    • C25B15/02—Process control or regulation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
    • C25B9/60—Constructional parts of cells
    • C25B9/65—Means for supplying current; Electrode connections; Electric inter-cell connections
    • C25B9/66—Electric inter-cell connections including jumper switches
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
    • Y02P20/133—Renewable energy sources, e.g. sunlight

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a hydrogen production system that produces hydrogen using electric power with output fluctuations such as generated power derived from renewable energy, and more particularly to a hydrogen production system using electrolysis.
  • Hydrogen can be produced by electrolysis using renewable energy typified by solar cells, wind power, and the like, and further, only water is generated by combustion. Therefore, hydrogen is a clean energy source that emits less environmental pollutants during production and use.
  • the amount of electric power that is, the amount of power generation
  • the amount of power generated by renewable energy usually varies depending on weather conditions.
  • the amount of power generation varies depending on the strength of the wind, and in the case of solar power generation using sunlight, the intensity of sunlight and the duration of sunlight.
  • Patent Document 1 includes a plurality of cell stacks including a plurality of water electrolysis cells, and the cell stacks are electrically connected to each other in series or in parallel.
  • a water electrolyzer, power supply means for supplying power to the water electrolyzer, a voltage control unit that variably controls the voltage of power supplied to the water electrolyzer, and power supplied to the water electrolyzer Accordingly, an energy-efficient hydrogen production facility using a generator as a power source is described by including a stack number control unit that selects a cell stack usage number accordingly.
  • the present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and its purpose is the reverse of the water electrolysis apparatus resulting from the switching of the electrical connection configuration of the water electrolysis apparatus in accordance with fluctuations in the supplied power.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a hydrogen production system capable of suppressing the occurrence of reaction.
  • the present inventors have found that by stopping the electrolysis in a state where a voltage is applied to the water electrolysis device, it is possible to suppress the progress of the reverse reaction that occurs when the electrolysis is stopped.
  • the headline, the present invention has been reached.
  • a hydrogen production system includes a plurality of hydrogen production apparatuses that are connected in series or in parallel to produce hydrogen gas using DC power, a plurality of switching elements that switch connection configurations of the plurality of hydrogen production apparatuses, Of the hydrogen production apparatus, voltage application means for applying a voltage, and the switching element and the voltage application means are controlled for the hydrogen production apparatus that stops production of hydrogen gas by switching the connection configuration by the switching element. And a control device.
  • the hydrogen production system of the present invention can suppress the occurrence of a reverse reaction of the water electrolysis apparatus due to the switching of the electrical connection configuration of the water electrolysis apparatus according to the fluctuation of the supplied power.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a circuit configuration of a hydrogen production system according to a first embodiment of the present invention. It is a schematic diagram of a structure of the hydrogen production system by 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is a schematic diagram of a structure of the hydrogen production system by 3rd Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure explaining operation
  • FIG. 10 shows voltage-current characteristics in a water electrolysis device (water electrolysis device).
  • the present invention relates to a water electrolysis apparatus that stops electrolysis in a hydrogen production system that produces hydrogen using a water electrolysis apparatus using electric power whose output fluctuates, such as a power generation apparatus that converts renewable energy into electric energy. Further, a voltage applying means for applying a voltage is provided.
  • Examples of the voltage applying means include means for applying a voltage to the water electrolysis apparatus by an external power source, and means for applying a voltage to the water electrolysis apparatus by switching the circuit configuration when stopping the electrolysis of the water electrolysis apparatus. .
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically showing the configuration of the hydrogen production system according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • a thick solid line represents an electrical wiring
  • a thin solid line represents a signal line (for example, a control signal, a measurement signal, etc.).
  • These lines are wirings for connecting the means to each other and represent transmission / reception of signals.
  • the hydrogen production system 100 produces hydrogen gas from renewable energy.
  • the hydrogen production system 100 includes a renewable energy power generation device 1, a hydrogen production device 2 (2a to 2n) as a hydrogen production means, and a protection device 3 (3a to 3n) that prevents a chemical reaction of the hydrogen production device 2.
  • switching elements 4 to 6 for adjusting the connection configuration of the hydrogen production apparatus 2 and a switching element 7 for adjusting the connection of the protection apparatus 3.
  • the protection device 3 and the switching element 7 serve as voltage application means for applying a voltage to the hydrogen production device 2 (water electrolysis device) that stops electrolysis.
  • Renewable energy represents, for example, renewable energy such as sunlight, wind power, geothermal power, and hydropower.
  • the renewable energy is not transported to the renewable energy power generation apparatus 1 through electrical or physical connection lines, piping, or the like, and is based on global weather conditions.
  • the renewable energy is, for example, sunlight
  • the renewable energy power generation apparatus 1 described later is, for example, a solar cell, a solar power generation system, or the like.
  • Renewable energy power generation device 1 (hereinafter, also simply referred to as “power generation device 1”) converts renewable energy such as sunlight and wind power into electric power.
  • the power generation device 1 is electrically connected to the hydrogen production device 2 so that the power generated by the power generation device 1 can be supplied to the hydrogen production device 2.
  • the hydrogen production device 2 (water electrolysis device) produces hydrogen using the electric power obtained by the power generation device 1. Specifically, the hydrogen production apparatus 2 generates hydrogen gas by electrolyzing water (or an aqueous solution) using supplied DC power. Therefore, the more electric power is supplied from the power generation device 1 to the hydrogen production device 2, the more hydrogen is produced (generated) in the hydrogen production device 2.
  • the hydrogen production device 2 is electrically connected to the power generation device 1.
  • the electric power obtained depending on the type of regenerative energy is DC power or AC power.
  • the DC power is supplied to the hydrogen production apparatus 2 after being converted into DC power by a rectifier.
  • the hydrogen production apparatus 2 supplies, for example, water, an electrolyte, an electrode catalyst for promoting a reaction provided so as to sandwich the electrolyte, and external power.
  • An electrolysis cell holding a current collector or the like is provided. Then, water is electrolyzed by this electrode catalyst, and hydrogen and oxygen are generated.
  • an electrolysis cell or an electrolysis stack in which electrolysis cells are laminated in multiple layers is defined as a hydrogen production apparatus 2.
  • the electrolyte is not particularly limited as long as at least hydrogen is generated by electrolysis, but a compound that exhibits alkalinity when dissolved in water, such as potassium hydroxide, is preferable. By using such a compound, the hydrogen production apparatus 2 that is inexpensive and hardly corrodes can be obtained. Further, as the electrolyte, for example, a solid polymer electrolyte such as Nafion (registered trademark) can be used.
  • Water electrolysis conditions are not particularly limited, and can be set arbitrarily as long as at least hydrogen can be generated.
  • the protection device 3 has an external power source, and is a device that operates to prevent or suppress the reverse reaction of the hydrogen production device 2 at the same time as the supply of generated power derived from renewable energy is shut off.
  • the protection device 3 includes a voltage application mechanism that sweeps an external power source in parallel to each hydrogen production device 2, and when power supply to the hydrogen production device 2 is stopped, a voltage is supplied from the external power source. Examples of the protective mechanism to be applied include. At this time, current is not necessarily required.
  • the switching elements 4 to 6 are switching elements that have a function of supplying the electric power generated by the power generation apparatus 1 to the hydrogen production apparatus 2 or cutting it off from the hydrogen production apparatus 2 and can control the driving state by an external signal.
  • Examples of the switching element include a relay element and a semiconductor element.
  • the switching element 7 has a function of energizing or shutting off the external power source of the protection device 3 from the hydrogen production device 2 when the supply of generated power derived from renewable energy to the hydrogen production device 2 is interrupted.
  • the switching element can control the driving state by an external signal. Examples of the switching element include a relay element and a semiconductor element. At this time, the external signal for the switching element 7 can be applied by sharing the external signal for the switching elements 4 to 6.
  • the control device 8 includes a signal processing unit, and controls the switching elements 4 to 7 based on the device configuration determined by the signal processing unit according to the amount of power generated by the renewable energy power generation device 1 and the electrical characteristics of the hydrogen production device 2. Any device that transmits an energization signal or a cut-off signal is not particularly limited.
  • the control device 8 controls the protection devices 3 and the switching devices 7 which are voltage application means by controlling the switching devices 4 to 7. ⁇ Operation> Next, the operation of each component of the hydrogen production system 100 of the present embodiment when producing hydrogen gas will be described with reference to FIG.
  • the power generation device 1 for example, a solar cell
  • the generated electric power is supplied to the hydrogen production apparatus 2.
  • the electrical connection configuration of the serial number and / or the parallel number of the hydrogen production apparatus 2 is determined and switched by the signal processing unit of the control device 8 according to the generated power and the electrical characteristics of the hydrogen production apparatus 2. While the electrical connection configuration is switched, the hydrogen production apparatus 2 starts electrolysis of water according to the supplied generated power and generates hydrogen.
  • the control device 8 and the switching elements 4 to 6 are switched to the connection mode of the water electrolysis means for obtaining the maximum hydrogen gas amount.
  • the protection apparatus 3 When the generated power is reduced due to fluctuations in renewable energy, it is necessary to reduce the number of connections of the hydrogen production apparatus 2.
  • the protection apparatus 3 When stopping the hydrogen production apparatus 2 in operation, the protection apparatus 3 is operated by an external power source in order to suppress and prevent a chemical reaction using the remaining gas.
  • the voltage value of the external power supply may be such that the electric double layer formed inside the hydrogen production apparatus 2 is maintained, and can be swept to such an extent that no current flows inside the hydrogen production apparatus 2.
  • it may be the Eeq point in the voltage-current characteristic of the hydrogen production apparatus 2 shown in FIG. 10, or may be a voltage value within the range indicated by ⁇ E.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an ON-OFF time chart of the switching elements 4 to 6 in the hydrogen production system 100 according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an ON-OFF time chart of the switching elements 4 to 6 in the hydrogen production system 100 according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is an electrical equivalent circuit diagram of the hydrogen production system 100 at the timings (1) to (4) described in FIG.
  • the input voltage derived from renewable energy is V0
  • the resistances of the equivalent circuits of the hydrogen production apparatuses 2a, 2b, and 2c are R2a, R2b, and R2c, respectively
  • the currents flowing through the hydrogen production apparatuses are I2a, I2b, and I2c.
  • the external power supply voltage was defined as Eeq.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 only three apparatuses, hydrogen production apparatuses 2a to 2c, are shown for simplification, but the number of hydrogen production apparatuses is not limited.
  • the external power source of the protection device 3 is swept to all the hydrogen production devices. While S401 to S403 are in the ON state, S101 to S103, S201 to S203, and S301 to S303 are in the OFF state.
  • the configuration of the hydrogen production apparatus is determined according to the amount of electric power.
  • (1) assumes a parallel configuration of two hydrogen production apparatuses 2a and 2b, and S101, S102, S201, and S202 are switched to the ON state, and S401 and S402 are switched to the OFF state.
  • This is shown in an electrical equivalent circuit diagram as shown in FIG.
  • Current flows into the hydrogen production apparatuses 2a and 2b by electric power derived from renewable energy (voltage is V0), and hydrogen gas is generated.
  • the external protection device 3 (3c) is driven by an external power source, and a voltage value in a range in which no current flows is swept so that gas flows into the hydrogen production device 2c, hydrogen The reverse reaction in the production apparatus 2c is prevented.
  • (2) in FIG. 2 assumes a configuration of only one device of the hydrogen production device 2b, and S401 is switched to an ON state and S101 and S201 are switched to an OFF state as compared with (1).
  • This is shown in an electrical equivalent circuit diagram as shown in FIG. Compared with FIG. 3 (1), the hydrogen production apparatus 2a stops, the electric power derived from renewable energy is applied only to the hydrogen production apparatus 2b, and hydrogen gas is produced only by the hydrogen production apparatus 2b.
  • the external protection device 3 (3a, 3c) is driven by an external power source, and the voltage value in a range in which no current flows is swept. Gas inflow and reverse reaction in the hydrogen production apparatuses 2a and 2c are prevented.
  • (3) in FIG. 2 assumes a serial configuration of two hydrogen production apparatuses 2b and 2c.
  • S203 and S302 are in the ON state, and S202 and S403 are in the OFF state. Switch to.
  • This is shown in an electrical equivalent circuit diagram as shown in FIG.
  • Current flows into the hydrogen production apparatuses 2b and 2c by the electric power derived from renewable energy (voltage is V0), and hydrogen gas is generated.
  • the external protection device 3 (3a) is driven by an external power source, and a voltage value in a range in which no current flows is swept, so that gas flows into the hydrogen production apparatus 2a, hydrogen The reverse reaction in the production apparatus 2a is prevented.
  • FIG. 2 assumes the configuration of only one hydrogen production apparatus 2c.
  • S103 and S402 are turned off, and S102 and S302 are turned off. Change.
  • This is shown in an electrical equivalent circuit diagram as shown in FIG.
  • the hydrogen production apparatus 2b is stopped, the electric power derived from renewable energy is applied only to the hydrogen production apparatus 2c, and hydrogen gas is produced only by the hydrogen production apparatus 2c.
  • the hydrogen production apparatuses 2a and 2b that are stopped are driven by the external protection device 3 (3a, 3b) by an external power source, and the voltage value in a range in which no current flows is swept. Gas inflow and reverse reaction in the hydrogen production apparatuses 2a and 2b are prevented.
  • one protection device 3 is connected to each hydrogen production device.
  • the control device 8 determines whether the switching element 7 is opened or closed based on the control signal transmitted to the switching element 4 and the switching element 6, and transmits the control signal to the switching element 7.
  • a voltage is applied from the protection device 3 when the hydrogen production apparatus 2 is stopped, electrode deterioration of the hydrogen production apparatus 2 is suppressed. Subsequent operations are the same as those in FIG. 1, and a detailed description thereof will be omitted.
  • the hydrogen production system 200 according to the second embodiment also copes with fluctuations in the supply amount of renewable energy, suppresses deterioration of the hydrogen production apparatus, and uses hydrogen gas without waste using renewable energy. Can be manufactured.
  • a hydrogen production system 300 according to the third embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. In FIG. 5, the same reference numerals as those in FIG. 1 denote the same components, and detailed description thereof is omitted.
  • the switching element 4 and the switching element 7 are removed from the configuration with respect to FIG. 1, and the protection devices 3 (3a to 3n) are electrically connected in series with the hydrogen production apparatus. It is a configuration.
  • the protection device 3 (3a to 3n) in FIG. 5 is configured to be electrically connected in series to the hydrogen production device 2 (2a to 2n), for example, a variable resistor.
  • the hydrogen production device 2 (2a to 2n) for example, a variable resistor.
  • the hydrogen production apparatus in which the series resistor is inserted is electrically connected in parallel, the voltage of the renewable energy power generation is swept, and the chemical reaction can be prevented or suppressed. That is, by adjusting the resistance value inserted and connected, only the voltage can be applied to the hydrogen production apparatus to be stopped.
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an ON-OFF time chart of the switching elements 5 and 6 in the hydrogen production system 300 according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is an electrical equivalent circuit diagram of the hydrogen production system 300 at the timings (1) to (4) described in FIG.
  • the input voltage derived from renewable energy is V0
  • the resistances of the equivalent circuits of the hydrogen production apparatuses 2a, 2b, and 2c are R2a, R2b, and R2c, respectively
  • the currents flowing through the hydrogen production apparatuses are I2a, I2b, and I2c.
  • the voltages applied to each hydrogen production apparatus were defined as V2a, V2b, and V2c.
  • the variable resistance type protection devices 3 (3a to 3c) electrically connected in series to the hydrogen production device were defined as R3a, R3b, and R3c, respectively, and applied voltages were defined as V3a, V3b, and V3c.
  • FIGS. 6 and 7 only three apparatuses, hydrogen production apparatuses 2a to 2c, are shown for simplification, but the number of hydrogen production apparatuses is not limited.
  • variable resistance type protection devices 3 As shown in FIG. 6, first, in a state where the electric power derived from the renewable energy power generation apparatus 1 is not input to the hydrogen production system 300, the variable resistance type protection devices 3 (3a to 3c) connected in series to all the hydrogen production apparatuses This shows a resistance value close to infinity, so that no current flows through each hydrogen production apparatus. At this time, S201 to S203 are in the ON state, while S301 to S303 are in the OFF state.
  • the configuration of the hydrogen production apparatus is determined according to the amount of electric power.
  • FIG. 6 (1) a parallel configuration of two hydrogen production apparatuses 2a and 2b is assumed, and there is no change in the ON / OFF of the switching element in the case of parallel driving.
  • the protection devices 3a and 3b are controlled so that the resistance value takes a value close to zero, and the protection device 3c has (a) a current I2c flowing through the hydrogen production device 2c.
  • V0 voltage derived from renewable energy
  • hydrogen gas is generated.
  • the protective device 3c having the resistance value R3c that satisfies the conditions (a) and (b) described above causes the voltage value in a range in which no current flows to be swept, so that the hydrogen production apparatus 2c Prevents gas inflow and reverse reaction.
  • (2) in FIG. 6 assumes the configuration of only one device of the hydrogen production device 2b, and at this time, there is no change in ON / OFF of the switching element as compared with (1).
  • the protection device 3b is controlled so that the resistance value R3b takes a value close to zero, and the protection devices 3a and 3c have the resistance values R3a and R3c as (a) a hydrogen production device.
  • FIG. 7 (2) compared with FIG. 7 (1), the hydrogen production apparatus 2a is stopped, and electric power derived from renewable energy is applied only to the hydrogen production apparatus 2b to produce hydrogen gas. Is done.
  • (3) in FIG. 6 assumes a serial configuration of two apparatuses, hydrogen production apparatuses 2b and 2c, and S302 is switched to an ON state and S202 is switched to an OFF state as compared with (2).
  • the protection device 3b is controlled so that the resistance value R3b takes a value close to zero
  • the protection device 3c is controlled to take a resistance value R3c that is almost infinite, so that the current I2c is reduced to zero. Set to a value close to.
  • R3a resistance value
  • the hydrogen production apparatus 2a in a stopped state is a range in which no current flows by the protection devices 3a and 3c having the resistance value R3a that satisfies the above conditions (a) and (b) and the resistance value R3c that is close to infinity, respectively. Is swept away to prevent gas inflow and reverse reaction to the hydrogen production apparatus 2a.
  • FIG. 7 (4) This is shown in an electrical equivalent circuit diagram as shown in FIG. 7 (4) (same view as FIG. 7 (2)).
  • the hydrogen production apparatus 2b is stopped, and the renewable energy-derived power is applied only to the hydrogen production apparatus 2c to produce hydrogen gas.
  • the voltage values in a range in which no current flows are swept by the protection apparatuses 3a and 3b having the resistance values R3a and R3b that satisfy the above conditions (a) and (b).
  • the protection apparatuses 3a and 3b having the resistance values R3a and R3b that satisfy the above conditions (a) and (b).
  • the switching element 6 is removed from the configuration of the hydrogen production system 300 of the present embodiment shown in FIG. 5, and the hydrogen production apparatuses 2 (2a to 2n) are connected in series.
  • the protective device 3 (3a to 3m) is provided on the wiring.
  • the protection device 3 (3a to 3m) in FIG. For example, consider a case where a configuration in which three hydrogen production apparatuses 2a to 2c are connected in parallel is switched to a parallel connection of only one hydrogen production apparatus 2a, that is, two apparatuses are stopped. First, electric power derived from renewable energy is input to the hydrogen production apparatuses 2a to 2c to produce hydrogen gas. At this time, the switching elements S101 to S103 and S201 to S203 are in the on state, and the protection devices 3a to 3c are in the high resistance state.
  • the two apparatuses (hydrogen production apparatuses 2b and 2c) are stopped, the switching elements S102 and S203 are left in the on state, S202 and S103 are in the off state, and the hydrogen production apparatuses 2b and 2c are configured in series.
  • the voltage within the range of Eeq or ⁇ E is swept to the hydrogen production apparatuses 2b and 2c, and the resistance value of the protection apparatus 3b in the range where no current flows to the hydrogen production apparatuses 2b and 2c is controlled. Reaction can be prevented or suppressed.
  • the hydrogen production system 400 according to the fourth embodiment also copes with fluctuations in the supply amount of renewable energy, suppresses deterioration of the hydrogen production apparatus, and uses hydrogen gas without waste using renewable energy. Can be manufactured.
  • a hydrogen production system 500 according to the fifth embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. 9, the same reference numerals as those in FIG. 1 denote the same components, and the detailed description thereof is omitted.
  • the hydrogen production system 500 of this embodiment shows a system configuration capable of storing hydrogen produced by the hydrogen production apparatus 2 (2a to 2n) as saturated hydrocarbons.
  • the hydrogen production system 100 shown in FIG. 1 further includes a buffer tank 9, a hydrogenation device 10, a saturated hydrocarbon storage tank 11, and an unsaturated hydrocarbon storage tank 12. is there.
  • the specific configuration of the buffer tank 9 is not particularly limited, the purpose is to increase the purity of the hydrogen generated in the hydrogen production apparatus 2 by removing water from the hydrogen before being supplied to the hydrogenation apparatus 10 (described later).
  • An apparatus for removing moisture is exemplified.
  • a gas-liquid separator or the like corresponds to this.
  • the specific configuration of the gas-liquid separation device is not particularly limited, but for example, gas-liquid separation by cooling, a hydrogen separation membrane, or the like can be used, and it is preferable to use a hydrogen separation membrane.
  • the removed water is circulated in the hydrogen production apparatus 2 and is electrolyzed.
  • the hydrogen after moisture removal is supplied to the hydrogenation apparatus 10 connected by gas piping.
  • hydrogen after moisture removal may be directly supplied to the hydrogenation apparatus 10
  • the hydrogenation efficiency can be further improved by supplying this hydrogen to the hydrogenation apparatus 10 via a pressure regulator.
  • renewable energy can be stored without waste.
  • this hydrogen can be temporarily stored in a hydrogen storage means such as a high-pressure tank.
  • a hydrogen storage means such as a high-pressure tank.
  • the specific configuration of the hydrogen gas hydrogen storage means is not particularly limited.
  • a known hydrogen cylinder, a pressure vessel for high pressure gas, or the like can be used. These may be provided alone or in any combination of two or more.
  • the material constituting the hydrogen storage means include, for example, a steel plate, a plastic reinforced with carbon fiber, and the like, and it is particularly preferable to use a pressure resistant container having a pressure higher than that applied to the hydrogen production apparatus 2.
  • a hydrogen storage alloy can be used as the hydrogen storage means.
  • the hydrogen storage alloy include an AB5 type alloy such as a rare earth metal-nickel system, and an alloy having a body-centered cubic (BCC) structure such as a titanium system or a chromium system.
  • BCC body-centered cubic
  • the buffer tank 9 and the hydrogenation apparatus 10 are connected by a gas pipe (pipeline). However, it is not always necessary that these are connected by gas piping.
  • the produced hydrogen may be transported to the hydrogenation apparatus 10 (that is, supplied to the hydrogenation apparatus 10) using a high-pressure tank or the like.
  • the hydrogenation device 10 adds hydrogen produced by the hydrogen production device 2 to unsaturated hydrocarbons.
  • the hydrogenation apparatus 10 is connected to the buffer tank 9 and the gas pipe as described above, and is connected to a saturated hydrocarbon storage tank 11 and an unsaturated hydrocarbon storage tank 12 (both described later) by a liquid pipe. Yes. Therefore, the unsaturated hydrocarbon is supplied from the unsaturated hydrocarbon storage tank 12 to the hydrogenation apparatus 10.
  • the specific kind of unsaturated hydrocarbon used in the hydrogenation apparatus 10 is not particularly limited, for example, a liquid aromatic compound such as methylbenzene can be suitably used.
  • a liquid aromatic compound such as methylbenzene
  • the resulting saturated hydrocarbon is methylcyclohexane, and the amount of hydrogen molecules that can be stored per mole of methylbenzene is 2.5 moles.
  • anthracene, phenanthrene, and the like may become liquid.
  • these aromatic compounds may be used. By using these aromatic compounds, more hydrogen can be stored.
  • an aromatic compound is liquid at room temperature, it can be easily stored, and there is an advantage that a reaction interface becomes large when a hydrogenation reaction is performed. Further, by using an aromatic compound, the amount of hydrogen that can be added per molecule of the aromatic compound can be increased, and more hydrogen can be stored with a smaller amount of unsaturated hydrocarbons.
  • an unsaturated hydrocarbon may be used by 1 type and may use 2 or more types by arbitrary ratios and combinations.
  • hydrogen is usually added to the unsaturated hydrocarbon using a catalyst.
  • a catalyst include metals such as Ni, Pd, Pt, Rh, Ir, Re, Ru, Mo, W, V, Os, Cr, Co, and Fe, and alloys thereof.
  • the metal which comprises a catalyst, and those alloys may be used individually by 1 type, and 2 or more types may be used by arbitrary ratios and combinations.
  • these catalysts are preferably finely divided from the viewpoint of further cost reduction by reducing the amount of catalyst and an increase in reaction surface area.
  • a finely divided catalyst it may be supported on an arbitrary carrier from the viewpoint of preventing a reduction in surface area due to aggregation of the fine particle catalyst.
  • the method for supporting is not particularly limited, and for example, a coprecipitation method, a thermal decomposition method, an electroless plating method, or the like can be used.
  • the type of carrier is not particularly limited, and for example, in addition to carbon materials such as activated carbon, carbon nanotubes, and graphite, alumina silicate such as silica, alumina, and zeolite can be used.
  • One type of carrier may be used, or two or more types may be used in any ratio and combination.
  • the hydrogenation reaction conditions for unsaturated hydrocarbons in the hydrogenation apparatus 10 are not particularly limited and may be set arbitrarily.
  • hydrogen can be added even at a reaction temperature of room temperature (about 25 ° C.), but it is preferable to add hydrogen at a temperature of about 100 ° C. to 400 ° C. from the viewpoint of shortening the reaction time.
  • the reaction pressure during the addition reaction is not particularly limited, the pressure during hydrogen addition is 1 to 50 atm (gauge pressure) from the viewpoint of increasing the efficiency of the addition reaction and shortening the reaction time. That is, the pressure is preferably 0.1 MPa or more and 5 MPa or less. Therefore, a pressure regulator can be provided between the buffer tank 9 and the hydrogenation device 10 in order to increase the pressure during hydrogen addition.
  • saturated hydrocarbon As described above, hydrogen can be added to the unsaturated hydrocarbon, and a saturated hydrocarbon is obtained.
  • the obtained saturated hydrocarbon (so-called organic hydride) is stored in a saturated hydrocarbon storage tank 11 described later.
  • the saturated hydrocarbon storage tank 11 stores the saturated hydrocarbon generated in the hydrogenation apparatus 10. Therefore, the saturated hydrocarbon storage tank 11 is connected to the hydrogenation apparatus 10 by liquid piping. Further, between the saturated hydrocarbon storage tank 11 and the hydrogenation apparatus 10, an apparatus for controlling the supply amount of saturated hydrocarbons to the saturated hydrocarbon storage tank 11, such as a flow rate adjusting valve and a flow meter, is provided. Also good.
  • the unsaturated hydrocarbon storage tank 12 stores unsaturated hydrocarbons supplied to the hydrogenation apparatus 10.
  • the unsaturated hydrocarbon storage tank 12 is connected to the hydrogenation apparatus 10 by a liquid pipe.
  • the hydrogen production system 100 shown in FIG. 1 further includes a buffer tank 9, a hydrogenation device 10, a saturated hydrocarbon storage tank 11, and an unsaturated hydrocarbon storage tank 12.
  • the hydrogen production system described with reference to FIGS. 4, 5, and 8 further includes a buffer tank 9, a hydrogenation device 10, a saturated hydrocarbon storage tank 11, and an unsaturated hydrocarbon storage tank 12. Configuration can be adopted.
  • the hydrogen production system that produces hydrogen by the water electrolysis apparatus using the fluctuating power from the power generation device that converts the renewable energy into electric power has been described as an example.
  • the fluctuating power is derived from the renewable energy. It is not limited to the electric power.
  • it may be a hydrogen production system that uses surplus power of the power system as fluctuating power supplied to the water electrolysis apparatus.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un système de production d'hydrogène qui est apte à diminuer l'apparition d'une réaction inverse dans un dispositif de production d'hydrogène lorsque l'électrolyse s'arrête en raison de la commutation de la configuration de connexion du dispositif de production d'hydrogène sur la base de fluctuations en énergie renouvelable. Le système de production d'hydrogène (100) de la présente invention comprend un générateur (1) qui commute de l'énergie renouvelable à l'énergie électrique, une pluralité de dispositifs de production d'hydrogène (2a-2n) reliés en série ou en parallèle pour produire de l'hydrogène gazeux à l'aide d'énergie électrique obtenue à partir du générateur (1), et des éléments de commutation (4-6) pour commuter la configuration de connexion des différents dispositifs de production d'hydrogène (2a-2n). Le système de production d'hydrogène comprend également des moyens d'application de tension (3a-3n, 7) pour appliquer une tension et un dispositif de commande (8) pour commander les éléments de commutation (4-6) et des moyens d'application de tension (3a-3n, 7) lorsque la production d'hydrogène gazeux s'arrête dans l'un des dispositifs de production d'hydrogène (2a-2n) en raison de la commutation de la configuration de connexion par les éléments de commutation (4-6).
PCT/JP2012/070467 2011-09-30 2012-08-10 Système de production d'hydrogène WO2013046958A1 (fr)

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JP2015151561A (ja) * 2014-02-12 2015-08-24 高砂熱学工業株式会社 水素製造装置及びその運転方法
JP2016098387A (ja) * 2014-11-19 2016-05-30 株式会社東芝 水素製造装置、水素製造方法及び電力貯蔵システム
JP2016526608A (ja) * 2013-07-01 2016-09-05 サステイナブル イノベーションズ エルエルシーＳｕｓｔａｉｎａｂｌｅ Ｉｎｎｏｖａｔｉｏｎｓ，Ｌｌｃ 水素システム及び動作の方法
JP2017507239A (ja) * 2013-12-03 2017-03-16 コミッサリア ア レネルジー アトミーク エ オ ゼネルジ ザルタナテイヴ 有効な電力がない状態においてメタンの生成のためにｓｏｅｃタイプのスタック反応器を作動させる方法
JP2018165392A (ja) * 2017-03-28 2018-10-25 東京瓦斯株式会社 水電解システム
JP2018178175A (ja) * 2017-04-07 2018-11-15 富士通株式会社 電解システム、電解制御装置及び電解システムの制御方法
JP2021063280A (ja) * 2019-10-16 2021-04-22 株式会社豊田中央研究所 水電解システム
US11028492B2 (en) 2017-11-02 2021-06-08 Fujitsu Limited Electrolytic system, electrolytic control circuit, and control method for electrolytic system
JP2021181605A (ja) * 2020-05-20 2021-11-25 株式会社豊田中央研究所 水電解システム、および水電解システムの制御方法
WO2022124309A1 (fr) * 2020-12-07 2022-06-16 旭化成株式会社 Système d'électrolyse d'eau alcaline et procédé de fonctionnement de système d'électrolyse d'eau alcaline
TWI805275B (zh) * 2022-03-11 2023-06-11 長庚大學 一種以光重整製造氫的方法

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JPH02156099A (ja) * 1988-12-08 1990-06-15 Permelec Electrode Ltd 直流電源回路
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JP2016526608A (ja) * 2013-07-01 2016-09-05 サステイナブル イノベーションズ エルエルシーＳｕｓｔａｉｎａｂｌｅ Ｉｎｎｏｖａｔｉｏｎｓ，Ｌｌｃ 水素システム及び動作の方法
JP2017507239A (ja) * 2013-12-03 2017-03-16 コミッサリア ア レネルジー アトミーク エ オ ゼネルジ ザルタナテイヴ 有効な電力がない状態においてメタンの生成のためにｓｏｅｃタイプのスタック反応器を作動させる方法
JP2015151561A (ja) * 2014-02-12 2015-08-24 高砂熱学工業株式会社 水素製造装置及びその運転方法
JP2016098387A (ja) * 2014-11-19 2016-05-30 株式会社東芝 水素製造装置、水素製造方法及び電力貯蔵システム
JP2018165392A (ja) * 2017-03-28 2018-10-25 東京瓦斯株式会社 水電解システム
JP2018178175A (ja) * 2017-04-07 2018-11-15 富士通株式会社 電解システム、電解制御装置及び電解システムの制御方法
US11028492B2 (en) 2017-11-02 2021-06-08 Fujitsu Limited Electrolytic system, electrolytic control circuit, and control method for electrolytic system
JP2021063280A (ja) * 2019-10-16 2021-04-22 株式会社豊田中央研究所 水電解システム
JP7168541B2 (ja) 2019-10-16 2022-11-09 株式会社豊田中央研究所 水電解システム
JP2021181605A (ja) * 2020-05-20 2021-11-25 株式会社豊田中央研究所 水電解システム、および水電解システムの制御方法
JP7180637B2 (ja) 2020-05-20 2022-11-30 株式会社豊田中央研究所 水電解システム、および水電解システムの制御方法
WO2022124309A1 (fr) * 2020-12-07 2022-06-16 旭化成株式会社 Système d'électrolyse d'eau alcaline et procédé de fonctionnement de système d'électrolyse d'eau alcaline
JP7441332B2 (ja) 2020-12-07 2024-02-29 旭化成株式会社 アルカリ水電解システム、およびアルカリ水電解システムの運転方法
TWI805275B (zh) * 2022-03-11 2023-06-11 長庚大學 一種以光重整製造氫的方法

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