WO2013037293A1 - N-吲哚-1-酰胺类化合物及作为抗癌药物的应用 - Google Patents

N-吲哚-1-酰胺类化合物及作为抗癌药物的应用 Download PDF

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WO2013037293A1
WO2013037293A1 PCT/CN2012/081297 CN2012081297W WO2013037293A1 WO 2013037293 A1 WO2013037293 A1 WO 2013037293A1 CN 2012081297 W CN2012081297 W CN 2012081297W WO 2013037293 A1 WO2013037293 A1 WO 2013037293A1
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acid
cancer
phenyl
dihydro
group
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French (fr)
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张世喜
宋述强
谭玉婷
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湖南有色凯铂生物药业有限公司
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D401/00Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
    • C07D401/02Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
    • C07D401/12Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/435Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
    • A61K31/44Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
    • A61K31/4427Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing further heterocyclic ring systems
    • A61K31/4439Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing further heterocyclic ring systems containing a five-membered ring with nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. omeprazole
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00Antineoplastic agents
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00Antineoplastic agents
    • A61P35/02Antineoplastic agents specific for leukemia

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to N-indol-1-amide compounds which are useful as kinase inhibitors such as VEGFR-2, and their use in the preparation of a medicament for the treatment of diseases mediated by kinases such as VEGFR-2. Background technique
  • protein kinases regulate and amplify information by phosphorylating upstream proteins, downstream proteins, and themselves, controlling cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis. It is known that Raf/MEK/ERK is a signaling pathway in all eukaryotic cells, which transmits signals from the extracellular to the nucleus through specific cascade phosphorylation of Ras, Raf, MEK and ERK, about 30%. Tumor cells have an upregulation of this pathway.
  • the signal begins with the binding of epidermal growth factor (EGF) to the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) on the cell membrane, and the phosphorylation site of EGFR at the SH2 site and the adaptor protein GRB2 (growth factor) Receptor-bound protein 2 ) Binding, recruiting the guanylate exchange factor SOS protein and Ras bind to the adjacent inner cell membrane, GTP replaces the Ras binding GDP and stimulates Ras, Ras is one of the key signal transduction centers, Multiple upstream and downstream signal transductions.
  • EGF epidermal growth factor
  • EGFR epidermal growth factor receptor
  • the intensified Ras binds to the cell pad/threonine kinase Raf, Raf rephosphorylates MAPK kinase (MAPKK, also known as MEK), and MEK activates ERK1/2 (extracel lular signal regulated kinase, ERK). After activation, ERK enters the nucleus and directly activates transcription factors to initiate biological processes such as cell growth, differentiation and apoptosis. Once this pathway is overactivated, accelerated cell proliferation and prolonged cell survival can lead to tumor formation and progression (Kolch W. Biochem J, 2000, 351: 289-305; Gi shizky ML. Annu. Rep. Med. Chem. 1995, 30: 247-253).
  • the signaling proteins in the signaling pathway cascade may be activated or inhibited by different upstream proteins to form an extremely complex Network regulation structure.
  • Raf and ERK on the Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway can also exert their signal transduction regulation in a Ras-independent manner; Ras activity can also be increased by a decrease in GTP hydrolysis caused by mutation of the tumor suppressor gene NF1. .
  • epidermal growth factor receptor EGFR
  • PI3K phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase
  • Ras and PI3K together regulate molecular lactation
  • mTOR animal rapamycin target protein
  • S6 kinase and 4EBP1 are phosphorylated by mTOR to initiate ribosomal protein synthesis (Hay N, Sonenberg N) (2004) .
  • the protein kinase gene co-expresses more than 518 protein kinases, of which the receptor kinase has 20 subfamilies of 58 types, and the cell paddle kinase has 10 subfamilies of 32 types; among the more than 50 known oncogenes, most of them are protein kinases.
  • Gene Manning et al. Sicence, 2002, 298, 1912).
  • Cancer genes are usually in a state of inhibition, but when they are mutated or abnormally activated, such as chemical poisons, long-term ultraviolet light, or radioactive substances, oncogenes overexpress kinases, or express persistently activated kinases, resulting in Cancer cells are produced out of control by important factors such as cell growth, differentiation and apoptosis (Croce CM. Engl J Med. 2008, 358 (5): 502 - 11).
  • Raf kinase on the Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway is overexpressed in many cancer cells, and more than 60% of human malignant melanoma, 12% of colorectal cancer, and 14% of ovarian cancers have found B-raf activating mutations. This mutation is also present in tumors of the thyroid and lungs; on the other hand, there is abnormally high C-raf activity in 50% of kidney cancers and almost 100% of liver cancer cells, although C-raf does not have mutations.
  • the B-raf mutant kinase B-raf-V600E which is 500 times more active than wild-type kinase, forms a heterodimer with C-raf and continues to activate downstream ERK and protein kinase mTOR (Sridhar SS, Hedley) D, Siu LL. Mol. Cancer Ther.
  • RAF kinase inhibitors There are three subtypes of RAF kinase, including A-raf, B-raf and C-raf (also Raf-1), which are highly homologous and enjoy high sequence similarity, so small molecule RAF kinase inhibitors usually antagonize B-ref, C-raf and B_raf-V600E. Sorafenib, developed by Bayer, was the first RAF kinase inhibitor approved in 2005 to treat advanced kidney cancer. In 2007, it was approved as a treatment for metastatic liver cancer.
  • VHL its encoded amino acid protein
  • HIF-la hypoxia-inducible factor-la
  • HIF-loc re-stimulates the expression and synthesis of VEGF and PDGF- ⁇ and other cell growth factors, and participates in neovascularization of tumor tissues.
  • most kidney cancers have EGFR expression, and the degree of expression is related to prognosis.
  • HIF-loc promotes cell proliferation and survival by activating autocrine action by activating TGF-oc.
  • VEGF vascular endothelial growth factor
  • VAGFR receptor for vascular endothelial growth factor
  • MMPs matrix metalloproteinases
  • Fibroblast Growth Factor and the like.
  • Growth factors such as PDGF and FGF secreted by cancer cells help the formation of new blood vessels by recruiting and stimulating the growth of fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells, and adventitial cells to form new cancer cell vascular stroma.
  • this new tumor blood vessel tends to be irregular in structure, imperfect vascular matrix, and high permeability. Therefore, tumor cells can penetrate into the blood, spread and attach to other parts of the body to grow and multiply to form cancer metastasis (metastasi s ).
  • Clinical studies have shown that inhibition of this process can effectively prevent tumor growth and metastasis and prolong patient life (Folkman J. Scientific American 1996, 275 (3): 150 - 4 ).
  • VEGFR-1 Flt-1
  • VEGFR-2 KDR, or Flk-1
  • PDGF platelet-derived growth factor
  • FGF fibroblast growth factor receptor FGFR1-4
  • a structurally similar VEGFR-3 (Flt-4) receptor is mainly involved in the formation of lymphatic vessels
  • Imatinib tyrosine kinase small molecule inhibitor imatinib
  • CML chronic myeloid leukemia
  • Imatinib demonstrated for the first time the feasibility of kinase inhibitors in the treatment of cancer, while imatinib showed lower drug toxicity relative to chemotherapy and improved patient quality of life.
  • imatinib inhibits cell growth and division by antagonizing over-expressed bcr-abl kinase in leukemia cancer cells; it also antagonizes c-kit kinase activity and clinically displays its gastrointestinal tract
  • the efficacy of stromal cell tumors has been approved as a therapeutic drug for gastrointestinal stromal tumors.
  • Bristol-Myers Squibb and Novartis developed two other treatments for chronic bone marrow cancer in 2006 and 2007 - Dasha Dasatinib and Nilotinib, and both have good effects against patients with imatinib.
  • Gefitinib developed by AstraZeneca in the United Kingdom, was approved for marketing in Japan in August 2002.
  • Gefitinib a first-line treatment for non-small cell lung cancer, is particularly effective in smoking non-small cell lung cancer in Asian men.
  • Genentech and 0SI Pharmaceutical jointly developed erlotinib, which is more widely used as a first-line treatment, maintenance therapy and sequential in non-small cell lung cancer in seven or eighty countries around the world.
  • Gefitinib and erlotinib are epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors that antagonize the binding of EGFR receptors to epidermal growth factor (EGF) on the cell surface transmembrane and inhibit EGFR-mediated Raf/MEK/ Signal channels such as ERK (Raymond E, Faivre S, Armand J.
  • EGFR epidermal growth factor receptor
  • erlotinib is also effective in inhibiting the growth of pancreatic tumor cells, becoming the first FDA-approved targeted drug for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
  • Sunitinib As a small molecule inhibitor of tyrosine kinase for the treatment of renal cancer (RCC), sunitinib inhibits the growth and metastasis of cancer cells by antagonizing the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VGEFR) and inhibiting the formation of neovascularization of cancer cells. Sunitinib also inhibits the activity of c-kit kinase and is approved for the treatment of patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors of imatinib. Sorafenib, developed by Bayer, simultaneously antagonizes RAF kinase, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VGEFR) and platelet-derived growth factor receptor
  • VGEFR vascular endothelial growth factor receptor
  • liver cancer Multiple pathways such as (PDGFR- ⁇ ) fight cancer growth and metastasis, and are approved by the FDA as treatments for advanced renal cancer and metastatic liver cancer.
  • PDGFR- ⁇ blood pressure regulation
  • sorafenib in metastatic liver cancer is a major breakthrough in the field of liver cancer treatment.
  • Liver cancer is recognized as one of the most difficult to treat, one of the most metastatic cancers.
  • rapamycin The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a multifunctional silk/threonine kinase in the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, which is directly related to the growth, division, survival and metastasis of cancer cells (Rubio-Viqueira). , B, Hidalgo M. Curr. Op in. Invest ig. Z? i/ ⁇ 2006, 7 : 501 - 512 ).
  • mTOR kinase in renal cell metastasis is particularly pronounced.
  • Uncontrolled mTOR causes an increase in intracellular HIF-loc concentration.
  • HIF_loc induces VGEF synthesis and promotes angiogenesis in cancer cells.
  • many renal cancer cells are due to VHL tumors.
  • a decrease in HIF-loc degradation caused by mutation or loss of the suppressor gene also increases the concentration of HIF-loc (Thomas GV. et al. Nature Medicine 2006, 12: 122-127).
  • the first clinical mTOR inhibitor was the rapamycin derivative temasirol imus developed by Wyeth Pharmaceuticals of the United States. In 2007, it was approved by the FDA as a therapeutic drug for kidney cancer.
  • Lapatinib is a dual inhibitor of small molecule tyrosine kinase that inhibits both epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and ErbB2 (HER-2/neu) receptors, with approximately 30% of breast cancers. The patient develops an excess of HER-2/neu receptor due to the HER-2/neu proto-oncogene.
  • EGFR epidermal growth factor receptor
  • HER-2/neu ErbB2
  • lapatinib was approved by the FDA as a combination therapy for breast cancer, and in 2010 it was approved as a first-line drug for ER+/EGFR+/HER2+ triple-positive breast cancer patients (Wood ER et al. Cancer research 2004, 64 (18) : 6652 _ 9 ).
  • kinase inhibitors Due to the high homology and diversity of kinases, most of the small molecule anticancer drugs currently being developed are multi-kinase inhibitors. Fortunately, unlike previous concerns, lower kinase selectivity does not affect the efficacy of the drug; Preferred multiple kinase inhibitors may be more conducive to the treatment of complex, diverse forms of cancer, and may be versatile. Unlike multi-molecular kinase inhibitor multiplicities, macromolecular monoclonal antibodies are usually specific inhibitors targeting only a single target in the cell signaling pathway, and several clinical examples have demonstrated the efficacy of specific monoclonal antibodies in the treatment of cancer. . In 1998, trastuzumab
  • trastuzumab is approved by the US FDA for breast cancer treatment and is indicated for breast cancer patients overexpressing HER-2/neu (Hudi s, CA. N Engl J Med. 2007, 357 (1): 39-51). In 2004, the FDA approved Bevacizumab in combination with standard chemotherapy drugs for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) and non-small cell lung cancer.
  • mCRC metastatic colorectal cancer
  • NSCLC vascular endothelial growth factor
  • panitumumab and cetuximab have also been approved for metastatic colorectal cancer. Unlike bevacizumab, panitumumab and cetuximab inhibit the growth and division of cancer cells by binding to the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR).
  • EGFR epidermal growth factor receptor
  • cetuximab (IgGl) and panitumumab (IgG2) belong to different subtypes of immunoglobulins, and they have subtle differences in anticancer mechanism.
  • the West produced by Squibb Topoxib can also treat head and neck cancer.
  • cancer is one of the most complicated diseases.
  • Various organs of the body may form cancers with different structures and structures through various mechanisms. Many cancers are caused by simultaneous mutation of multiple genes, and similar cancers can be formed by different cancerous causes. Wait.
  • the diversity of the genetic mechanism of cancer the diversity of its formal structure has made its treatment always full of challenges. Cancer experts have to use a variety of different combinations of drugs to fight against tumor ailments; on the other hand, cancer will also There are drugs that produce drug resistance, so it is necessary to continuously develop new targeted drugs with novel structures, different functions, and better efficacy.
  • VEGF Vascular endothelial growth factor
  • Kidney and Bladder Cancer (Brown et al. Am. J Palhol. 1993, 143L 1255), Ovarian Cancer (Ol son et al. Cancer Res. 1994, 54, 1255), cervical cancer (Guidi et al. J Nat 'l Cancer 30 Inst. 1995, 87, 12137), and angiosarcoma (Hashimoto et al. Lab. Invest. 1995) , 73, 859) and various intracranial tumors (Plate et al. Nature 1992, 359, 845; Phi ll ips et al. Int. J Oncol. 1993, 2, 913; Berkman et al. J Clin. Invest. 1993, 91 ; 153).
  • angiogenesis inhibitors such as VEGFR-2 and PDGFR- ⁇ inhibitors
  • Anticancer drugs have become a hot area and have yielded new, promising clinical trial results.
  • W0-2004007458 discloses a group of 2 amidamine nicotinamide derivatives as VEGFR, PDGFR and Kit inhibitors for the treatment of non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer in clinical phase III trials, other indications including parenchymal cancer, gastrointestinal Cancer, colorectal cancer, endocrine cancer, breast cancer and lung cancer.
  • WO-2004113304 discloses a group of carbazole, benzisoxazole and benzothiazole derivatives as CSFR-1, PDGFR, Flt3, Kit, VEGFR-K VEGFR-2, VEGFR-3 inhibitors, in a clinical phase III trial.
  • the second phase of clinical use for non-small cell lung cancer, breast cancer, colorectal cancer other indications also include kidney cancer, acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS).
  • AML acute myeloid leukemia
  • MDS myelodysplastic syndrome
  • W0-2000043366 discloses a group of quinoline-urea derivatives as Kit, PDGFR receptor, VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2, VEGFR-3 inhibitors, for the treatment of renal cancer in a clinical phase III trial, other clinical trials Including breast cancer, colorectal cancer, gastrointestinal cancer, non-small cell lung cancer and liver cancer.
  • W0-200102369 discloses a group of carbazole derivatives as CSFR-1, PDGF, VEGF-K VEGF-2 and VEGF-3 inhibitors for the treatment of renal cancer in a clinical phase III trial, phase II clinical trial including mesothelium Cancer, angiosarcoma, adrenal cortical adenocarcinoma and liver cancer.
  • W0-200232872 discloses a new class of quinoline-urea derivatives as VEGFR_2, VEGFR-3, FGFR 1-4 and RET inhibitors for the treatment of thyroid cancer in a clinical phase III trial, and phase II clinical trials including liver cancer. Endometrial cancer, melanoma, kidney cancer and glioma.
  • W0-2003082272 discloses a group of arylamine benzimidazoles as Raf, VEGFR-2, PDGFR- ⁇ and Kit inhibitors for the treatment of melanoma.
  • the present invention relates to a compound of the formula (I) and (II), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a method of treating a patient, the method comprising administering to a patient an effective amount of a kinase that inhibits a kinase such as VEGFR-2 (I And a compound of (II) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • the present invention relates to an N-indol-1-amide compound which inhibits a kinase such as VEGFR-2, which is a compound of the formula (I) and (II) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof:
  • R is selected from halogen, cyano, hydroxy, trifluoromethyl, methoxy, trifluoromethoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6 straight chain, C1-C6 branched fluorenyl, C3-C7 cyclodecyl a C6-C10 aryl group, a C6-C10 heteroaryl group or a C6-C10 heterocyclic group containing one or more selected from N, S, 0 atoms;
  • the substituent is selected from the group consisting of amino, halogen, C1-C6 fluorenyl, hydroxy, C1-C6 decyloxy, nitro, cyano, fluorenyl, C1-C6 thiol, halogen-C1-C6 thiol, hetero Cyclo, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl fluorenyl, heteroaryl C1-C6 fluorenyl, C1-C6 decanoyl or carbamoyl.
  • R is further selected from the group consisting of halogen, cyano, hydroxy, substituted or unsubstituted fluorenyl, decyloxy, cyclodecyl, aryl, heteroaryl or heterocyclic;
  • R is further selected from halogen, cyano, hydroxy, substituted or unsubstituted lower fluorenyl, lower decyloxy, lower cyclodecyl, C6-C20 aryl, C6-C20 heteroaryl or C6-C20 heterocyclic;
  • R is further selected from halogen, cyano, hydroxy, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6 straight chain, C1-C6 branched fluorenyl, C3-C7 cyclodecyl, C6-C10 aryl, C6-C10 heteroaryl or a C6-C10 heterocyclic group containing one or more selected from N, S, O atoms;
  • R is further preferably fluorine, chlorine, bromine, methyl, ethyl, cyano, hydroxy, tert-butyl, cyclopropyl or cyclobutyl, phenyl, pyridyl, pyrrolyl or piperazinyl;
  • R may also preferably be chlorine, bromine, methyl, cyano, hydroxy, trifluoromethyl, methoxy or trifluoromethoxy.
  • the substituent is selected from the group consisting of amino, halogen, C1-C6 fluorenyl, hydroxy, C1-C6 decyloxy, nitro, cyano, fluorenyl, C1-C6 thiol, halogen-C1-C6 thiol, hetero Cyclo, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl fluorenyl, heteroaryl C1-C6 fluorenyl, C1-C6 decanoyl or carbamoyl. Wherein the C1-C6 mercapto substituent may be unsubstituted or further substituted.
  • Preferred specific compounds of the invention, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, are:
  • the present invention relates to a compound of the formula (II) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, selected from the group consisting of:
  • an acid salt of a cationic organic and inorganic base selected from the group consisting of an alkali metal cation, an alkaline earth metal cation, an ammonium ion, an aliphatic substituted ammonium ion or an aromatic substituted ammonium ion.
  • the pharmaceutical composition for treating cancer of the present invention comprises a compound of the formula (11) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a physiologically suitable carrier.
  • the compound of the present invention or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof can be used for the manufacture of a medicament for inhibiting kinase-mediated cancer cell growth and metastasis such as VEGEFR-2.
  • the compound of the present invention or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof can also be used for the preparation of a medicament for treating cancer diseases.
  • the cancer of the present invention includes parenchymal cancer, renal cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer, liver cancer, ovarian cancer, pancreatic cancer, thyroid cancer, bladder cancer, leukemia, adenocarcinoma, melanoma, gastrointestinal cancer, colorectal cancer, endocrine cancer.
  • renal cancer acute myeloid leukemia (AML), myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), mesothelioma, angiosarcoma, adrenal cortical adenocarcinoma, endometrial cancer, and glioma.
  • Particularly effective cancers are kidney cancer, liver cancer, lung cancer, lung cancer, colorectal cancer, gastrointestinal cancer, breast cancer, gastrointestinal cancer, and angiosarcoma.
  • lower when referring to a substituent such as decyl, decyloxy, decylamine, decylthio or the like means having up to 7 and including a maximum of 7, preferably 1 to up to 6 and including a maximum of 6 a group of carbon atoms which is unbranched or branched one or more times.
  • the fluorenyl moiety in the lower fluorenyl group, the lower fluorenyloxy group and the substituent having a fluorenyl moiety is preferably a C r C 6 fluorenyl group such as n-butyl group, sec-butyl group, tert-butyl group, n-propyl group or isopropyl group. , methyl or ethyl.
  • the thiol substituent is unsubstituted or is halogen, hydroxy, nitro, cyano, lower decyloxy, C 3 -C 7 cyclodecyl, amino or mono- or di-low Substituted by mercaptoamino.
  • Halogen-lower fluorenyl, 3 ⁇ 4 gram-lower decyloxy is included in the substituted lower fluorenyl group, substituted lower decyloxy group.
  • the halogen is preferably fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine, more preferably fluorine, chlorine or bromine, especially fluorine.
  • the phenyl group is generally an unsubstituted phenyl group or a phenyl group substituted by 1 to 5, preferably 1 or 2, substituents.
  • Suitable substituents include, but are not limited to, amino, mono- or di-lower fluorenyl substituted amino groups (wherein lower fluorenyl substituents may be unsubstituted or further substituted by those listed above for fluorenyl: ), halogen, lower fluorenyl, substituted lower fluorenyl, hydroxy, lower decyloxy, substituted lower decyloxy, nitro, cyano, fluorenyl, lower thiol, halogen-lower thiol, heterocycle a carbamoyl group, a heteroaryl group, a heteroaryl fluorenyl group, a heteroaryl fluorenyl group, a lower decanoyl group, a carbamoyl group, and an N-mono- or N,N
  • R which is a phenyl group is preferably an unsubstituted phenyl group or a phenyl group substituted by one or more substituents, preferably up to three, preferably one substituent.
  • substituents which are especially important for phenyl include amino, mono- or di-lower mercaptoamino (wherein the indenyl group is unsubstituted or substituted:), halogen, lower indenyl, substituted lower indenyl, hydroxy , lower decyloxy, substituted lower decyloxy, nitro, cyano, decyl, lower sulfonylthio and substituted lower sulfonylthio.
  • R which is a phenyl group is preferably an unsubstituted phenyl group or a phenyl group substituted by one or two identical or different substituents selected from halogen, preferably fluorine or chlorine; lower fluorenyl group, preferably methyl group, ethyl group Base, propyl or tert-butyl; halogen-lower fluorenyl, preferably trifluoromethyl; hydroxy; lower decyloxy, preferably methoxy or ethoxy; halogen-lower decyloxy, eg trifluoromethoxy Or 1, 1, 2, 2-tetrafluoroethoxy; more preferably a phenyl group substituted by a substituent selected from unsubstituted or substituted lower fluorenyl groups, preferably methyl, halogen-lower fluorene
  • the group is, for example, a trifluoromethyl group, an unsubstituted or substituted lower alkoxy group
  • R phenyl groups include unsubstituted phenyl and lower decyloxy substituted phenyl, preferably phenyl substituted by lower decyloxy.
  • the heteroaryl group preferably contains from 1 to 3 5- to 7-membered aromatic rings selected from hetero atoms of N, 0 and S.
  • the heteroaryl group is unsubstituted or substituted by one or more, preferably one to three, for example one identical or different substituent.
  • heteroaryl groups are those selected from Substituents: halogen, such as fluorine or chlorine; mono- or di-lower mercapto-substituted amino group, wherein the indenyl group is unsubstituted or is halogen, hydroxy, nitro, cyano, lower decyloxy, c 3 -c 7 cyclodecyl, heterocyclyl or heteroaryl substituted; lower fluorenyl, for example methyl or ethyl; halogen - lower fluorenyl, for example trifluoromethyl; lower decyl, such as methoxy or Oxyl; halogen-lower decyloxy, such as trifluoromethoxy; lower sulfonyl, such as methylthio; halogen-lower thiol, such as trifluoromethylthio; heteroaryl; heteroaryl-lower Amidino group; heterocyclic or heterocyclic-lower fluorine or chlorine
  • the heterocyclic group preferably has a 5- or 6-membered non-aromatic ring having 1 or 2 hetero atoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, and the heterocyclic ring may be fully or partially saturated, and is unsubstituted or substituted. Preferably, it is substituted by an unsubstituted or substituted lower fluorenyl group.
  • Heterocyclic groups include morpholino, thiomorpholino, piperidinyl, piperazinyl and the like.
  • the pharmaceutically acceptable salt is preferably a pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt of a compound of formula (I) (II).
  • Such salts are formed, for example, by a compound of formula (II) having a basic nitrogen atom, such as an acid addition salt, preferably an acid addition salt with an organic or inorganic acid, preferably a pharmaceutically acceptable salt.
  • Suitable inorganic acids are, for example, hydrohalic acids such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid or phosphoric acid.
  • Suitable organic acids are, for example, carboxylic acids, phosphonic acids, sulfonic acids or sulfamic acids, such as acetic acid, propionic acid, caprylic acid, capric acid, dodecanoic acid, glycolic acid, lactic acid, 2-hydroxybutyric acid, gluconic acid, Fumaric acid, succinic acid, adipic acid, pimelic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, glucaric acid, galactose diacid, amino acid, such as glutamic acid, day Aspartic acid, ⁇ -methylglycine, acetaminoacetic acid, ⁇ -acetyl asparagine, ⁇ -acetylcysteine, pyruvic acid, acetoacetic acid, phosphoserine, 2- or 3-glycerol phosphate, Malay Acid, hydroxymaleic acid, methyl maleic acid, cyclohex
  • the present invention relates to 3-chloro- and 3-methoxy-oxime-methyl-2-pyridine amide compound compounds useful as kinase inhibitors such as VEGER-2, and their use in the preparation of a therapeutic kinase such as VEGFR-2.
  • kinase inhibitors such as VEGER-2
  • VEGFR-2 a therapeutic kinase
  • the compounds of the invention are useful for treating cancer in a mammal, preferably human cancer, including but not limited to malignant melanoma, colorectal cancer, ovarian cancer, papillary thyroid cancer, liver cancer, lung cancer, kidney cancer, pancreatic cancer, glioblasts Tumor, spinal proliferative disease, mesothelioma, gastrointestinal cancer, breast cancer and angiosarcoma.
  • the compounds of the invention are also useful in the treatment of inflammatory diseases mediated by kinases such as VEGFR-2, including rheumatoid arthritis, retinopathy (including diabetic retinopathy and macular degeneration), cardiovascular disease and metabolic diseases.
  • the compound of the formula (II) of the present invention or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof has valuable pharmacological properties as described above.
  • an acid salt of a cationic organic and inorganic base selected from the group consisting of an alkali metal cation, an alkaline earth metal cation, an ammonium ion, an aliphatic substituted ammonium ion and an aromatic substituted ammonium ion.
  • the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the compound of the formula (I) (II) according to the invention is a pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt.
  • Such salts are formed, for example, by a compound of formula (II) having a basic nitrogen atom, such as an acid addition salt, preferably an acid addition salt, especially a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, with an organic or inorganic acid.
  • Suitable inorganic acids are selected from the group consisting of hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid and the like.
  • Suitable organic acids are selected from the group consisting of carboxylic acids, phosphonic acids, sulfonic acids or sulfamic acids, such as methanesulfonic acid, trifluorosulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, 1-naphthalenesulfonic acid, 2-naphthalenesulfonic acid, Acetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, lactic acid, oxalic acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid, benzoic acid, salicylic acid, phenylacetic acid, mandelic acid, propionic acid, octanoic acid, citric acid , dodecanoic acid, glycolic acid, 2-hydroxybutyric acid,
  • the compounds of the present invention may be administered alone or in combination with other anticancer drugs, such as compounds that inhibit tumor angiogenesis, such as protease inhibitors, epidermal growth factor receptor kinase inhibitors, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor kinase inhibitors, and the like; Toxic drugs, such as antimetabolites, such as anti-metabolites of purines and pyrimidine analogs; anti-mitotic drugs such as microtubule stabilizing drugs and anti-mitotic alkaloids; platinum coordination complexes; antitumor antibiotics; deuterated agents such as nitrogen mustard and Nitrosoureas; endocrines, such as adrenal corticosteroids, androgens, antiandrogens, estrogens, antiestrogens, aromatase inhibitors, gonadotropin releasing hormone agonists, and somatostatin Analogs, as well as compounds that target enzymes or receptors that are overexpressed and/or otherwise associated with specific metabolic pathways that are up-regulated in tumor cells, such as
  • the compounds of the invention may also be administered with radiation therapy, immunotherapy, surgery, or a combination thereof. It is also possible to treat a patient's condition after tumor reduction or even chemopreventive treatment (e.g., in the case of a patient at risk:).
  • the compounds of the invention are useful not only for the prophylactic and preferably therapeutic: treatment of humans, but also for the treatment of other warm-blooded animals, such as commercially useful warm-blooded animals, such as rodents such as mice, rabbits or Rat, or guinea pig.
  • the invention also includes a medicament comprising a compound of formula (II) and a physiologically acceptable carrier
  • a medicament comprising a compound of formula (II) and a physiologically acceptable carrier
  • the compounds of the invention may be administered by injection, inhalation or spraying or rectally, orally, dermally, parenterally, or in unit dosage form.
  • injectable administration includes intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous and parenteral injections, as well as the application of infusion techniques.
  • Skin administration includes topical or transdermal administration.
  • One or more compounds can be co-existed with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable non-toxic carriers, as well as other active ingredients, as appropriate.
  • compositions can be prepared according to any suitable method known in the art of pharmaceutical composition manufacture.
  • the composition may contain one or more of the following agents: diluents, sweeteners, perfumes, colorants and preservatives.
  • Tablets contain the active ingredients which are in admixture with pharmaceutically acceptable non-toxic excipients suitable for tablet manufacture.
  • the excipients are, for example, inert diluents such as calcium carbonate, sodium carbonate, lactose, calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate; granulating agents and disintegrating agents such as corn starch or alginic acid; binders such as magnesium stearate, hard Fatty acid or talcum powder.
  • the tablets may be uncoated or they may be coated by known techniques to delay their disintegration and absorption in the gastrointestinal tract, providing a long lasting effect.
  • a time delay material such as glyceryl monostearate or glyceryl distearate may be employed.
  • the compounds can also be formulated as solid, immediate release forms.
  • the oral preparation may also be a hard gelatin capsule in which the active ingredient is mixed with an inert solid diluent such as calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate or kaolin, or a soft gelatin capsule in which the active ingredient is mixed with water or, for example, peanut oil, liquid paraffin or olive Oil and other oils are mixed.
  • an inert solid diluent such as calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate or kaolin
  • a soft gelatin capsule in which the active ingredient is mixed with water or, for example, peanut oil, liquid paraffin or olive Oil and other oils are mixed.
  • Aqueous suspensions containing the active substance in admixture with excipients suitable for the manufacture of aqueous suspensions may also be employed.
  • the excipient is a suspending agent, such as sodium carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose, hydroxypropyl-methylcellulose, sodium alginate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, tragacanth and gum arabic;
  • the dispersing or wetting agent may be a natural phospholipid, such as lecithin, or a condensation product of an epoxy oxime with a fatty acid, such as polyoxyethylene stearate, or a condensation product of an epoxy oxime with a long chain fatty alcohol, for example A condensation product of heptahexylethylene hexadecanol, or an epoxy oxime with a partial ester of a fatty acid with hexitol, such as polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate.
  • the aqueous suspensions may also contain one or more preservatives, for example ethyl or n-propyl p-hydroxybenzoate, one or more coloring agents, one or more flavoring agents, and one or more sweetening agents.
  • preservatives for example ethyl or n-propyl p-hydroxybenzoate
  • coloring agents for example, ethyl or n-propyl p-hydroxybenzoate
  • coloring agents for example, one or more coloring agents, one or more flavoring agents, and one or more sweetening agents.
  • sweetening agents for example, sucrose or saccharin.
  • Suitable for adding water to dispersible powders or granules of aqueous suspensions, active ingredients and fractions A powder or wetting agent, a suspending agent and one or more preservatives are mixed. Suitable dispersing or wetting agents and suspending agents can be exemplified above. Other excipients such as sweeteners, perfumes and colorants may also be included.
  • the form of the compound may also be a non-aqueous liquid preparation such as an oily suspension, which can be formulated by suspending the active ingredient in a vegetable oil such as peanut oil, olive oil, sesame oil or peanut oil or a mineral oil such as liquid paraffin.
  • the oily suspensions may contain a thickening agent, for example, beeswax, hard paraffin or cetyl alcohol.
  • a thickening agent for example, beeswax, hard paraffin or cetyl alcohol.
  • an antioxidant such as ascorbic acid.
  • the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention may also be in the form of an oil-in-water emulsion.
  • the oil phase may be a vegetable oil such as olive oil or peanut oil or a mineral oil such as liquid beeswax, or a mixture thereof.
  • Suitable emulsifiers may be natural gums such as tragacanth and gum arabic, or natural phospholipids such as soy lecithin or lecithin; partial esters of fatty acids with anhydrohexitol, such as sorbitan oleate; A condensation product of a partial ester with epoxy oxime, such as polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate.
  • the emulsion may also contain sweeteners and flavors.
  • Sugar candies and tinctures can also be formulated with sweetening agents such as glycerin, polypropylene glycol, sorbitol or sucrose. Such preparations may also contain emollients, preservatives, and perfumes and colorants.
  • the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is prepared by a method known per se, for example, by a conventional mixing, granulating, forming, dissolving or lyophilizing method.
  • compositions Preference is given to using solutions of the active ingredient, in addition to suspensions or dispersions, in particular isotonic solutions, dispersions or suspensions, for example, lyophilized solutions containing only active substances or containing active substances with carriers such as mannitol
  • solutions of the active ingredient in addition to suspensions or dispersions, in particular isotonic solutions, dispersions or suspensions, for example, lyophilized solutions containing only active substances or containing active substances with carriers such as mannitol
  • the pharmaceutical compositions may be sterilized and/or contain excipients such as preservatives, stabilizers, wetting agents and/or emulsifiers, solubilizers, salts for regulating osmotic pressure and/or buffers, and are known per se
  • the method is prepared, for example, by a conventional dissolution or lyophilization method.
  • the solution or suspension may contain a viscosity increasing substance such as sodium carboxymethylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, dextran, polyvinylpyrrolidone or gelatin or a solubilizing agent such as Tween 80.
  • a viscosity increasing substance such as sodium carboxymethylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, dextran, polyvinylpyrrolidone or gelatin or a solubilizing agent such as Tween 80.
  • Suspensions in oils contain vegetable oils, synthetic oils or semi-synthetics conventionally used for injection purposes Oil is formed as an oil component.
  • liquid fatty acid esters comprising as long as a fatty acid component having from 8 to 22, in particular from 12 to 22, carbon atoms, for example lauric acid, tridecanoic acid, myristic acid, Pentadecanoic acid, palmitic acid, heptadecanoic acid, stearic acid, arachidic acid, didecanoic acid or the corresponding unsaturated acid, such as oleic acid, oleic acid, erucic acid, eicosanic acid or linoleic acid
  • An antioxidant such as vitamin ⁇ , ⁇ -carotene or 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxytoluene is optionally added.
  • the alcohol component of these fatty acid esters has up to 6 carbon atoms and is a mono- or poly-hydric alcohol such as a mono-, di- or tri-alcohol such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol or pentanol or Their isomers, but especially ethylene glycol and glycerol.
  • fatty acid esters which may be mentioned are: ethyl oleate, isopropyl myristate, isopropyl palmitate, etc., but especially vegetable oils such as cottonseed oil, almond oil, olive oil, sesame oil, Soybean oil and more especially peanut oil.
  • the preparation of the injectable compositions is carried out in a conventional manner under sterile conditions, and the introduction into a container such as an ampoule or vial and a container is also carried out under aseptic conditions in a conventional manner.
  • compositions for oral administration can be obtained, for example, by mixing the active ingredient with one or more solid carriers, granulating the resulting mixture, if appropriate, processing the mixture or granules, if appropriate, adding Excipients:) into the core of a tablet or dragee.
  • Suitable carriers are, in particular, fillers, for example sugars such as lactose, sucrose, mannitol or sorbitol, cellulose preparations and/or calcium phosphates such as tricalcium phosphate or calcium hydrogen phosphate, and also binders such as starches such as corn, Wheat, rice or potato starch, methylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose and/or polyvinylpyrrolidone, and/or if necessary, a disintegrating agent, such as mentioned above Starch, carboxymethyl starch, cross-linked polyvinylpyrrolidone Ketone, alginic acid or a salt thereof, such as sodium alginate.
  • fillers for example sugars such as lactose, sucrose, mannitol or sorbitol, cellulose preparations and/or calcium phosphates such as tricalcium phosphate or calcium hydrogen phosphate, and also binders such as starches such as corn, Wheat, rice or potato starch, methyl
  • excipients are, in particular, flow regulators and lubricants, for example silicic acid, talc, stearic acid or its salts, for example magnesium stearate or calcium stearate, and/or polyethylene glycol or derivatives thereof Things.
  • flow regulators and lubricants for example silicic acid, talc, stearic acid or its salts, for example magnesium stearate or calcium stearate, and/or polyethylene glycol or derivatives thereof Things.
  • the dragee core may have a suitable coating, optionally an enteric coating, especially a concentrated sugar solution, which may contain gum arabic, talc, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyethylene glycol and/or titanium dioxide. Or using a coating solution in a suitable organic solvent or solvent mixture, or for the preparation of an enteric coating, using a solution of a suitable cellulosic product, such as cellulose acetate phthalate or hydroxypropyl methylcellulose Phthalates. Colorants or pigments may be added to the tablets or dragee coatings, for example for identification purposes or to show different dosages of the active ingredient.
  • a suitable coating especially a concentrated sugar solution, which may contain gum arabic, talc, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyethylene glycol and/or titanium dioxide.
  • a coating solution in a suitable organic solvent or solvent mixture or for the preparation of an enteric coating, using a solution of a suitable cellulosic product, such as cellulose acetate phthalate or hydroxypropy
  • compositions for oral administration are also hard gelatin capsules and soft, sealed capsules consisting of gelatin and a plasticizer such as glycerol or sorbitol.
  • the hard gelatine capsules may contain the active ingredient in the form of granules, for example, in the form of granules mixed with fillers such as corn starch, binders and/or glidants such as talc or magnesium stearate and optionally stabilizers.
  • the active ingredient is preferably dissolved or suspended in a suitable liquid vehicle such as a fatty oil, a paraffin oil or a liquid polyethylene glycol or a fatty acid ester of ethylene glycol or propylene glycol, as well as stabilizers and Detergents, such as polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid ester detergents.
  • a suitable liquid vehicle such as a fatty oil, a paraffin oil or a liquid polyethylene glycol or a fatty acid ester of ethylene glycol or propylene glycol, as well as stabilizers and Detergents, such as polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid ester detergents.
  • Suitable rectal-administered pharmaceutical compositions are, for example, suppositories, which consist of a mixture of the active ingredient and a suppository base.
  • Suitable suppository bases are, for example, natural or synthetic triglycerides, strepylene hydrocarbons, polyethylene glycol or higher chain sterols.
  • aqueous solutions for example aqueous solutions of the active ingredient in the form of water-soluble salts, or aqueous injection suspensions, which comprise a viscosity-increasing substance, for example Sodium carboxymethylcellulose, sorbitol and/or dextran, and if necessary, stabilizers.
  • the active ingredient optionally together with excipients, may also be in the form of a lyophilizate which may be formulated into solutions by the addition of a suitable solvent before parenteral administration.
  • Solutions for parenteral administration can also be used in the form of infusions.
  • Preferred preservatives are, for example, antioxidants such as ascorbic acid or microbicides such as sorbic acid or benzoic acid.
  • the daily oral dose is preferably from 0.01 to 200 mg/kg body weight.
  • Injections including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous and parenteral injections, and application of the input technique, preferably have a daily dose of 0.01-200 mg/kg body weight.
  • the daily dose for rectal administration is preferably from 0.01 to 200 mg/kg body weight.
  • the daily dose for external use is 1 to 4 times a day, preferably 0.1-200 mg per time.
  • the daily dose for inhalation is preferably 0.01-10 mg/kg body weight.
  • the particular mode of administration will depend on a variety of factors, which are often considered in conventional administration.
  • the specific dosage of a particular patient depends on the activity of the particular compound used, the age of the patient, the patient's weight, the overall health of the patient, the patient's gender, the patient's diet, the time of administration, the route of administration, the rate of discharge, the drug A combination of factors and the severity of the current condition.
  • the optimal therapeutic regimen i.e., the therapeutic regimen within a certain number of days and the number of daily administrations of the formula ( ⁇ ) ( ⁇ ) compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, can be routinely treated by those skilled in the art. Test to determine.
  • the specific level of recording for a particular patient depends on a number of factors, including the activity of the particular compound used, the age of the patient, the patient's weight, the overall health of the patient, the patient's gender, the patient's diet, the time of administration, the route of administration, the rate of discharge, the drug Combination and current treatment The severity of the situation.
  • the compound of the present invention can be produced by a known compound (or a starting material which can be obtained from a known compound:), for example, by a general method as described later.
  • the activity of VEGFR-2 kinase can be determined by a usual method described later.
  • the following examples are illustrative only and not limiting.
  • the general reaction scheme described in the general method is prepared.
  • the in vitro biological activity of a compound inhibiting kinase is generally measured by the degree of phosphorylation of its antagonistic kinase to a foreign substrate (Zhou S. et al. Nature 1995, 373: 536-539).
  • VEGRF-2 in vitro inhibitory activity test (Itokawa T. et al. Mol. Cancer Ther. 2001, 1 : 295-302 )
  • VEGFR-2 is a recombinant human kinase, which is expressed and purified by SF9 cells, and the degree of reaction of a kinase or a phosphorylated substrate under compound antagonism is determined by fluorescence resonance energy transfer.
  • FRET Fluoresence resonance energy trasnfer
  • the fluorescence intensity of the microporous mixture at wavelengths of 337 nM, 620 nM, and 655 nM was measured using a ⁇ per-embleter (Envision, Perkin Elmer).
  • the activity of the kinase was directly proportional to the fluorescence intensity of 655 nm / 620 nM, expressed as a percent inhibition relative to the control sample (water), and the basal fluorescence intensity was read from the control wells without kinase.
  • Reaction IC 5 Values were obtained from 8 to 10 different concentrations of compound kinase percent inhibition curves, under the experimental conditions, the standard compound staurosporine IC 5 . It is 3.5 nM.
  • Example 3 it was obtained using 5-bromo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indole.
  • Example 3 it was obtained using 4-trifluoromethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-indole.
  • Example 3 it was obtained using 5-chloro-2,3-dihydro-1H-indole.
  • Example 8 it was obtained using 5-bromo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indole.
  • Example 8 it was obtained using 5-chloro-2,3-dihydro-1H-indole.
  • m/e 422.86.

Abstract

本发明公开了一种用作VEGFR-2激酶抑制剂的式(I)或(II)N-吲哚-1-酰胺类化合物,以及它们用于制备治疗VEGFR-2所介导疾病的药物中的用途。其中R的定义如说明书所述。

Description

Ά I S
N-吲哚 -1 -酰胺类化合物及作为抗癌药物的应用 发明领域
本发明涉及用作 VEGFR-2等激酶抑制剂的 N-吲哚 -1-酰胺类化合 物, 以及它们用于制备治疗 VEGFR-2等激酶所介导疾病的药物中的用 途。 背景技术
随着对肿瘤分子生物学的深入研究, 通过对多种致癌蛋白激酶进 行抑制的靶向治疗法已成为抗肿瘤治疗的重要组成部分,并已在各类 肿瘤的治疗中获得了重大进展。在细胞中,蛋白激酶通过对上游蛋白、 下游蛋白及自身的磷酸化来传达及放大信息, 控制细胞的生长、分化 和凋亡。 目前已知, 所有真核细胞中均存在 Raf/MEK/ERK这一信号通 路, 其通过 Ras、 Raf、 MEK及 ERK的特异性级联磷酸化将信号由细胞 外传入细胞核内, 大约 30%的肿瘤细胞存在这一通路的上调。 在 Raf/MEK/ERK信号通路中, 信号起始于表皮生长因子 (EGF ) 与细胞 膜上表皮生长因子受体(EGFR )的结合, EGFR在其磷酸化的位置 SH2 部位与衔接蛋白质 GRB2 ( growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 ) 结合,招募鸟苷酸交换因子 SOS蛋白与 Ras结合在相邻的内细胞膜上, GTP替代与 Ras结合的 GDP而激化 Ras , Ras是关键的信号转导中心 之一, 参入多个上游和下游的信号转导。在研究得最多的通路中, 激 化后的 Ras与细胞桨丝 /苏氨酸激酶 Raf 结合, Raf 再磷酸化 MAPK 激酶 (MAPKK, 又称 MEK) , MEK激活 ERK1/2 ( extracel lular signal regulated kinase , ERK ) 。 ERK被激活后, 进入细胞核内并直接激 活转录因子, 启动细胞的生长、 分化和凋亡等生物学过程。一旦该通 路发生过度的激活,细胞增殖的加速与细胞生存期的延长可导致肿瘤 的形成及发展 (Kolch W. Biochem J, 2000, 351 : 289-305; Gi shizky ML. Annu. Rep. Med. Chem. 1995, 30 : 247-253)。 需要指出的是, 随环境因素的不同, 信号通路级联反应中的信 号蛋白都可能被不同的上游蛋白激活或抑制而形成一个极其复杂的 网络调控结构。 例如, Raf/MEK/ERK信号通路上的 Raf和 ERK也可通 过不依赖 Ras的方式发挥其信号转导调节作用; Ras的活性也可以通 过肿瘤抑制基因 NF1 的突变而引起 GTP水解的减少来提高。 除了在 Raf/MEK/ERK信号通路上的关键作用外, 表皮生长因子受体 (EGFR) 还激活 PI3K/AKT通道上的磷脂酰肌醇 3-激酶 (PI3K) , Ras和 PI3K 再一起调控分子哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白 (mTOR) 的作用。 mTOR 是 控制细胞生理作用的另一多功能细胞桨丝 /苏氨酸激酶, 作为下游的 底物, S6 kinase ( S6K) 和 4EBP1被 mTOR磷酸化后启动核糖体蛋白 的合成(Hay N, Sonenberg N (2004) . Genes Be v 18 (16): 1926 - 45 )。 蛋白激酶基因共表达 518 多个蛋白激酶, 其中受体激酶有 20 亚科分 58类型, 细胞桨激酶有 10亚科分 32类型; 在已知的 50多种 致癌基因中, 大部分是蛋白激酶基因 (Manning et al. Sicence, 2002, 298, 1912 ) 。 癌症基因通常处于被抑制的状态, 但当它们发生 突变或者被异常激活后, 例如化学毒物、长期紫外光照或放射性物质 的作用下, 癌基因会过量地表达激酶, 或表达持续活化的激酶, 导致 细胞生长、 分化和凋亡等重要环节的失控而产生癌细胞 (Croce CM. Engl J Med. 2008, 358 (5): 502 - 11 ) 。 针对细胞信号通路上失控 的激酶或生长因子等作为药物靶点, 研发小分子或大分子抑制剂, 对 抗癌细胞生长与转移已成为当今抗癌药物研发的重要方向 (Novel anticancer agents, Academic Press, 2006, editors: Alex A. Adijel ; John K. Buolamwini ) 。
Raf/MEK/ERK信号通路上的 Raf 激酶在许多癌症细胞中被过量 表达, 超过 60%的人类恶性黑色素瘤、 12%的大肠癌、 14%的卵巢癌中 都发现 B-raf 的激活突变, 这种突变还存在于甲状腺和肺部的肿瘤 中; 另一方面, 在 50%的肾癌和几乎 100%的肝癌细胞中存在异常高的 C-raf 活性, 虽然其中 C-raf 并没有发生突变 (Brose, M. S. et al. Cancer Res. 2000, 63 : 6997—7000; Davies , H. Nature, 2002, 417 : 949-954 ; Yuen, S. T. et al. Cancer Res. 2002, 62 : 6451—6455)。 B-raf 突变后的激酶 B-raf -V600E, 其活性是野生型激酶的 500倍, 它能与 C-raf形成异源二聚体,持续激活下游的 ERK及蛋白激酶 mTOR (Sridhar SS, Hedley D, Siu LL. Mol. Cancer Ther. 2005, 4 (4): 677 - 85 ) RAF激酶存在三种亚型, 包括 A— raf、 B-raf和 C-raf (也 称 Raf-1 ),它们高度同源,享有很高的序列相似性,所以小分子 RAF 激酶抑制剂通常会同时拮抗 B-ref、 C-raf 及 B_raf-V600E。 由拜耳 研发的索拉非尼(Sorafenib )是于 2005年批准的首个治疗晚期肾癌 的 RAF激酶抑制剂, 2007年又被批准为转移性肝癌的治疗药物。 进 一步的研究使拜耳的科学家们认为, 索拉非尼实际上能拮抗多重激 酶, 它通过同时拮抗 RAF激酶以及几种血管生成细胞生长因子受体 (例如 VEGFR、 PDGFR等) 来抑制癌细胞的生长与转移 (Keating GM, Santoro A. Drugs 2009, 69 (2): 223 - 240 ) 。 肾癌及肝癌均是转 移性极强的癌症, 其中肾癌的主要病理类型是透明细胞癌(clear cel l carcinoma),其发病机制与 VHL抑癌基因的突变相关。 一旦 VHL 基因发生突变,即便在正常非缺氧生理状态下,其编码的氨基酸蛋白 (pVHL) 也 会 导 致 缺 氧 诱 导 因 子 -loc (hypoxia-inducible factor-la, HIF-la) 的异常激活; HIF-loc再刺激 VEGF与 PDGF- β等 细胞生长因子的表达合成,参与肿瘤组织的新生血管生成。此外,大多 数的肾癌具 EGFR 表达,且表达程度与预后相关, HIF-loc通过激活 TGF-oc产生自分泌作用与 EGFR结合,从而促进细胞增殖与生存。 无论 何种生长因子与其受体的结合,通常均需通过 Raf/MEK/ERK通路发挥 作用(Gunaratnam L, et al. J Biol Chem. 2003, 278 : 44966-44974)。 早在 1971 年, Judah Folkman 即提出血管生成理论 (Angiogenesis )来解释肿瘤的增长与转移(metastasis ) 。 他们的 实验显示血管内皮细胞生长因子抑制剂, 内皮抑素 (endostatin) 与 人血管抑素 (angiostatin ) 可以抑制小鼠上肿瘤的增长。 他认为肿 瘤细胞在自身***繁殖到一定程度后 (1-2立方毫米) , 必须借助新 生的肿瘤血管提供养分与氧气来帮助其进一步增长与扩散 (Folkman J, Klagsbrun M. Science 1987, 235 (4787): 442 - 7 ) 。 在血管形 成过程中, 癌细胞分泌出血管内皮细胞生长因子(VEGF)与细胞摸上 的受体 (VEGFR) 结合, 刺激血管内皮细胞的生长、 ***、 繁殖; 同 时细胞释放出蛋白水解酶 (proteolytic enzymes ) 和基质金属蛋白 酶 (MMP ) 降解周围基质, 细胞得以前移、 增长、 形成管道化血管环 和新基底膜, 最终形成新生血管。 文献进一步显示, 多种不同的生长 因子同时参与新生肿瘤血管的形成; 除 VEGF外, 还有血小板衍生生 长因子(Platelet-derived growth factor, PDGF) 和成纤维细胞生 长因子 (Fibroblast Growth Factor, FGF) 等。 癌细胞分泌的 PDGF 和 FGF等生长因子通过招募和刺激纤维细胞、平滑肌细胞、外膜细胞 的生长形成新的癌细胞血管基质, 帮助新生血管的形成。与正常血管 不同, 这种新生肿瘤血管往往结构不规整, 血管基质不完善, 渗透性 高, 所以肿瘤细胞得以渗透到血液中, 扩散并附着在身体的其它部位 上生长繁殖形成癌症转移 (metastasi s ) 。 临床研究证明, 抑制这一 过程能有效地阻止肿瘤的增长和转移, 延长患者寿命 (Folkman J. Scientific American 1996, 275 (3): 150 - 4 ) 。 已知参与癌细胞 新生血管形成的生长因子受体有 VEGFR-1 (Flt-1 ) , VEGFR-2 (KDR, 或 Flk-1 ) , 血小板衍生生长因子(PDGF) 受体 PDGFR-oc及 PDGFR-β , 和成纤维细胞生长因子 (FGF) 受体 FGFR1-4等; 另一方面, 结构相 似的 VEGFR-3 ( Flt-4 ) 受体主要参与新生***的形成
(Lymphangiogenesi s ) , 在癌症通过淋巴***转移的过程中扮演重 要的角色, 这些受体都可以作为对抗实质肿瘤增长与转移的靶点
(Steven A. Stacker. Lymphangiogenesis in Cancer Metastasis, Springer. 2009 pp. 27 _ ) 。 综上所述, 最近二十年来人们对癌症的发生、 生长、 存活及转 移在分子层面上的认识取得了非凡的进步, 更重要的是, 多个临床研 究实例都证明了用小分子或大分子药物抑制激酶或生长因子来治疗 癌症的疗效; 研究血管生成(Angiogenesis ) 的不懈努力也终于证明 了抑制血管内皮细胞生长因子或者受体的临床疗效,从阻抗癌细胞周 围血管形成的角度来延缓癌症的增长与扩散, 延长患者寿命。
2001年 5月, 美国 FDA批准了第一个酪氨酸激酶小分子抑制剂 伊马替尼 (Imatinib ) 为慢性粒细胞白血病 (慢性骨髓血癌, CML ) 的治疗用药 ( Gambacorti-Passerini C. Lancet Oncology 2008 , 9 (600) : 600 ) , 伊马替尼首次证明了激酶抑制剂治疗癌症的可行性, 同时伊马替尼显示了相对于化学疗法较低的药物毒性,提高了患者的 生活品质。在分子层面, 伊马替尼通过拮抗白血病癌细胞中过度表达 的 bcr-abl激酶, 抑制细胞的生长和***; 它同时也拮抗 c-kit激酶 的活性, 并在临床上显示其对胃肠道***瘤的疗效, 被批准为胃 肠道***瘤的治疗用药。 几年后, 百时美-施贵宝和诺华又分别 于 2006年和 2007年开发了另外两个慢性骨髓血癌治疗用药-达沙替 尼 (Dasatinib )和尼罗替尼 (Ni lotinib ) , 而且两者对抗伊马替尼 的病患也有良好的疗效。 由英国阿斯利康公司研发的吉非替尼 (Gefitinib ) 于 2002年 8月批准在日本上市, 作为非小细胞肺癌一线治疗药物吉非替尼尤其 对亚洲吸烟男性非小细胞肺癌患者非常有效。 2004 年, 基因泰克和 0SI 制药联合开发了厄洛替尼 (erlotinib ) , 它的适用范围更加广 泛, 在全球七、 八十个国家中被用作非小细胞肺癌一线治疗、 维持治 疗和序贯治疗的药物。 吉非替尼和厄洛替尼均为表皮生长因子受体 ( EGFR ) 抑制剂, 拮抗细胞表面跨膜上 EGFR 受体与表皮生长因子 (EGF)的结合而抑制 EGFR转导的 Raf/MEK/ERK等信号通道(Raymond E, Faivre S, Armand J. Drugs 2000, 60 Suppl 1 : 15 - 23 ; discussion 41 - 2 ) 。 同样的原理, 厄洛替尼也能有效地抑制胰腺肿瘤细胞的生 长, 成为 FDA批准的第一个治疗胰腺癌的靶向药物。
2006年, 辉瑞与 Sugene共同开发了舒尼替尼 (Sunitinib ) 。 作为治疗肾癌 (RCC ) 的酪氨酸激酶小分子抑制剂, 舒尼替尼通过拮 抗血管内皮细胞生长因子受体 (VGEFR) , 抑制癌细胞新生血管的形 成来延缓癌细胞的生长与转移。舒尼替尼同时也能抑制 c-kit激酶的 活性, 被批准为抗伊马替尼胃肠道***瘤患者的治疗用药。 由拜耳研发的索拉非尼 (Sorafenib ) 通过同时拮抗 RAF激酶、 血管内皮细胞生长因子受体 (VGEFR ) 及血小板衍生生长因子受体
(PDGFR-β) 等多重途径对抗癌症的生长与转移, 被 FDA批准为晚期 肾癌及转移性肝癌的治疗药物。索拉非尼对转移性肝癌的疗效是肝癌 治疗领域的重大突破, 肝癌是公认最难治疗, 转移性最强的癌症之一
(Escudier B, et al. (January 2007) . N. Engl. J. Med. 356 (2): 125 - 34; Keating GM, Santoro A. Brugs 2009, 69 (2) : 223 - 240 ) 。 哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mTOR)是 PI3K/AKT信号通道中一个 多功能丝 /苏氨酸激酶, 与癌细胞的生长、 ***、 存活及转移都有直 接的关耳关 (Rubio-Viqueira, B, Hidalgo M. Curr. Op in. Invest ig. Z? i/^ 2006, 7 : 501 - 512 ) 。 mTOR激酶在肾癌转移中的作用尤其明显, 失控的 mTOR引起细胞内 HIF-loc浓度的提高, HIF_loc再诱发 VGEF的 合成, 促进癌细胞血管形成; 另一方面, 许多肾癌细胞由于 VHL肿瘤 抑制基因的突变或失去引起 HIF-loc分解的减少也提高 HIF-loc的浓 度 (Thomas GV. et al. Nature Medicine 2006 , 12 : 122 - 127 ) 。 第一个临床用 mTOR抑制剂为美国惠氏制药研发的雷帕霉素衍生物西 罗莫司 (Temsirol imus ) , 2007年被 FDA批准为肾癌的治疗用药。 拉帕替尼(Lapatinib )是小分子酪氨酸激酶双重抑制剂, 它能 同时抑制表皮生长因子受体 (EGFR) 和 ErbB2 (HER- 2/neu) 受体, 大约有 30%左右的乳腺癌病患由于 HER-2/neu原癌基因而产生过量的 HER-2/neu受体。 2007年, 拉帕替尼被 FDA批准为乳腺癌组合疗法 用药, 2010年又被批准为 ER+/EGFR+/HER2+ 三重阳性乳腺癌患者的 一线用药(Wood ER et al. Cancer research 2004, 64 (18): 6652 _ 9 )。 由于激酶的高度同源性及多样性, 目前研发的小分子抗癌药物 大多为多重激酶抑制剂, 幸运的是与以前担心的不同, 较低的激酶选 择性并没有影响药物的疗效; 相反, 优选的多重激酶抑制剂可能更利 于对抗成因复杂, 形式多样的癌症, 并可一药多用。 与小分子激酶抑制剂多重性不同的是, 大分子单克隆抗体通常 是只针对细胞信号通道中单一靶点的特异抑制剂,多个临床实例也已 证明了特异性单克隆抗体治疗癌症的疗效。 1998 年, 曲妥珠单抗
(Trastuzumab ) 获得美国 FDA批准为乳腺癌治疗用药, 适用于过量 表达 HER-2/neu的乳腺癌病患 (Hudi s, CA. N Engl J Med. 2007 , 357 (1) : 39 - 51 ) 。 2004年, FDA批准了贝伐单抗 (Bevacizumab ) 与标准化疗药物结合治疗转移性大肠癌(mCRC)和非小细胞肺癌
(NSCLC)。 贝伐单抗特异性地结合血管内皮细胞生长因子(VGEF), 抑制癌新生血管的形成,并能促进化疗药物对癌症组织的渗透(Los M et al. The Oncologist 2007, 12 (4) : 443 - 50 ) 。 继后, 帕尼单抗
(Panitumumab )和西妥昔单抗(cetuximab )也被批准为转移性大肠 癌用药。与贝伐单抗不同, 帕尼单抗和西妥昔单抗通过与表皮生长因 子受体(EGFR)的结合来抑制癌细胞生长***的信号通道。 西妥昔单 抗(IgGl )与帕尼单抗(IgG2)分属于免疫球蛋白的不同亚型, 它们在 抗癌机理上存在细微的差别, 除对大肠癌的疗效外, 施贵宝公司生产 的西妥昔单抗也可治疗头颈癌。 上述临床实例全面证明了用激酶抑制剂拮抗癌细胞失控的信号 通道, 治疗不同癌症的可行性。 然而, 癌症是最复杂的疾病之一, 身 体各个器官都可能通过各种机理形成结构组织各异的癌症,很多癌症 是由多个基因的同时突变造成,而且同类癌症也可由不同的癌变原因 形成等。癌症成因机理的多元性, 形式结构的多样性使它的治疗一直 以来充满着各种挑战,癌症专家不得不普遍利用多种药物的不同组合 来对抗肿瘤顽疾; 另一方面, 癌症也会对现有药物产生抗药性, 所以 有必要不断地开发结构新颖、 功能各异、 药效更好的新型靶向药物, 根据信号通路和肿瘤遗传学信息进行药物的优选组合,提高癌症治疗 的疗效。 血管内皮生长因子 (VEGF) 是肿瘤血管生成过程中最重要的细 胞生长因子,肿瘤血管对 VEGF高度敏感,在很多肿瘤细胞中 VEGF mRNA 浓度显著地高于正常细胞, 这些肿瘤包括肺癌(Mattern et al. Br. J Cancer 1996, 73, 93, 1), 甲状腺癌 (Vigl ietto et al. Oncogene 1995, 11, 1569) , 乳腺癌(Brown et al. Human Pathol. 1995, 26, 86), 胃 腸癌 (Brown et al. Cancer Res. 1993, 53, 4727; Suzuki et al. Cancer Res. 1996, 56, 3004) , 肾癌和膀胱癌 (Brown et al. Am. J Palhol. 1993, 143L 1255) , 卵巢癌(Ol son et al. Cancer Res. 1994, 54, 1255) , ***(Guidi et al. J Nat 'l Cancer30 Inst. 1995, 87, 12137)、 以及血管肉瘤 (Hashimoto et al. Lab. Invest. 1995, 73, 859)和多种颅内肿瘤 (Plate et al. Nature 1992, 359, 845 ; Phi l l ips et al. Int. J Oncol. 1993, 2, 913 ; Berkman et al. J Clin. Invest. , 1993, 91 ; 153)。 所以继贝伐单抗、 舒尼替尼、 索拉非尼作 为血管形成抑制剂成功地应用于临床以来,研发新型血管形成抑制剂 (如 VEGFR-2及 PDGFR-β抑制剂等)作为广谱抗癌药物已成为十分热 门的领域, 并已取得了新的、 前景看好的临床试验结果。
W0-2004007458公开了一组 2_垸胺烟酰胺衍生物作为 VEGFR、 PDGFR and Kit抑制剂, 在临床三期试验中用于非鳞状非小细胞肺癌 的治疗, 其它适应症包括实质癌, 胃腸癌, 结肠直肠癌,内分泌癌, 乳腺癌及肺癌。 WO-2004113304 公开了一组吲唑、 苯并异唑及苯并噻唑衍生物 作为 CSFR-1、 PDGFR、 Flt3、 Kit, VEGFR-K VEGFR-2, VEGFR-3抑制 剂, 在临床三期试验中用于治疗肝癌, 二期临床用于非小细胞肺癌, 乳腺癌,结肠直肠癌, 其它适应症还包括肾癌, 急性髓样白血病 (AML) 和骨髓增生异常综合征 (MDS)。
W0-2000043366公开了一组喹啉-脲衍生物作为 Kit、 PDGFR科 受体、 VEGFR-1、 VEGFR-2, VEGFR-3抑制剂, 在临床三期试验中用于 治疗肾癌, 其它临床实验包括乳腺癌, 结肠直肠癌, 胃腸癌, 非小细 胞肺癌和肝癌等。
W0- 200102369 公开了一组吲唑衍生物作为 CSFR- 1、 PDGF、 VEGF-K VEGF-2及 VEGF-3抑制剂,在临床三期试验中用于治疗肾癌, 二期临床实验包括間皮癌, 血管肉瘤, 肾上腺皮质腺癌和肝癌等。
W0-200232872 公开了一组新型喹啉-脲衍生物作为 VEGFR_2、 VEGFR-3, FGFR 1-4及 RET抑制剂, 在临床三期试验中用于甲状腺癌 的治疗, 二期临床实验包括肝癌, 子宫内膜癌, 黑素瘤, 肾癌及神经 胶质瘤。
W0-2003082272 公开了一组芳胺苯并咪唑类化合物作为 Raf, VEGFR-2, PDGFR-β及 Kit抑制剂用于治疗黑素瘤。
中国专利 CN101475513A, CN101260106A和 CN101735215A也公开 了三种 raf激酶抑制剂双芳基脲类化合物在治疗癌症上的用途。 发明简述 本发明涉及通式 (I)及 (II)化合物或其药学上可接受的盐, 以及 治疗患者的方法,该方法包括向患者施用抑制 VEGFR-2等激酶有效量 的通式 (I)及 (II)化合物或其药学上可接受的盐。 本发明涉及一种抑制 VEGFR-2等激酶的 N-吲哚 -1-酰胺化合物, 其为通式 (I)及 (II)所描述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐:
Figure imgf000010_0001
Figure imgf000010_0002
其中:
R选自卤素、 氰基、 羟基、 三氟甲基、 甲氧基、 三氟甲氧基、 取 代或未取代的 C1-C6直链、 C1-C6支链垸基、 C3-C7环垸基、 C6-C10 芳基、 C6-C10杂芳基或含有一个或多个选自 N、 S、 0原子的 C6-C10 杂环基;
所述取代基选自氨基、 卤素、 C1-C6垸基、羟基、 C1-C6垸氧基、 硝基、 氰基、 巯基、 C1-C6 垸硫基、 卤素 -C1-C6垸硫基、 杂环基、 杂芳基、杂环基垸基、杂芳基 C1-C6垸基、 C1-C6垸酰基或氨基甲酰 基。
R进一步选自卤素、氰基、羟基、取代或未取代的垸基、垸氧基、 环垸基、 芳基、 杂芳基或杂环基;
R进一步选自卤素、 氰基、 羟基、 取代或未取代的低级垸基、 低 级垸氧基、 低级环垸基、 C6-C20芳基、 C6-C20杂芳基或 C6-C20杂 环基;
R进一步选自卤素、 氰基、 羟基、 取代或未取代的 C1-C6直链、 C1-C6支链垸基、 C3-C7环垸基、 C6-C10芳基、 C6-C10杂芳基或含 有一个或多个选自 N、 S、 O原子的 C6-C10杂环基;
R进一步优选为氟、 氯、 溴、 甲基、 乙基、 氰基、 羟基、 叔丁基、 环丙基或环丁基、 苯基、 吡啶基、 吡咯基或哌嗪基;
R还可以优选为氯、 溴、 甲基、 氰基、 羟基、 三氟甲基、 甲氧基 或三氟甲氧基。 所述取代基选自氨基、 卤素、 C1-C6垸基、羟基、 C1-C6垸氧基、 硝基、 氰基、 巯基、 C1-C6 垸硫基、 卤素 -C1-C6垸硫基、 杂环基、 杂芳基、杂环基垸基、杂芳基 C1-C6垸基、 C1-C6垸酰基或氨基甲酰 基。 其中 C1-C6垸基取代基可以是未取代的或被进一步取代。
本发明优选的具体化合物或其药学上可接受的盐有:
Ν-((4-(2-(Ν'-甲基氨基甲酰基) -4-吡啶基氧)苯基) )-(2,3-二氢 -1H- 吲哚) -Ν"-甲酰胺
Ν-((4-(2-(Ν'-甲基氨基甲酰基) -4-吡啶基氧)苯基) )-(5-溴 -2,3-二氢 -1Η-吲哚) -Ν"-甲酰胺
Ν-((4-(2-(Ν,-甲基氨基甲酰基:) -4-吡啶基氧:)苯基 4-三氟甲基 -2,3-二氢 -1Η-吲哚) - Ν"-甲酰胺
Ν-((4-(2-(Ν'-甲基氨基甲酰基) -4-吡啶基氧)苯基) )-(5-氯 -2,3-二氢 -1Η-吲哚) - Ν"-甲酰胺
Ν-((4-(2-(Ν'-甲基氨基甲酰基) -4-吡啶基氧)苯基) )-(5-甲基 -2,3-二 氢 -1Η-吲哚) - Ν"-甲酰胺
Ν-((3-(2-(Ν'-甲基氨基甲酰基) -4-吡啶基氧)苯基) )-(2,3-二氢 -1Η- 吲哚) - Ν"-甲酰胺
Ν-((3-(2-(Ν'-甲基氨基甲酰基) -4-吡啶基氧)苯基) )-(5-溴 -2,3-二氢 -1Η-吲哚) - Ν"-甲酰胺
Ν-((3-(2-(Ν,-甲基氨基甲酰基) -4-吡啶基氧)苯基) )-(4-三氟甲基 -2,3-二氢 -1Η-吲哚) - Ν"-甲酰胺
Ν-((3-(2-(Ν'-甲基氨基甲酰基) -4-吡啶基氧)苯基) )-(5-氯 -2,3-二氢 -1Η-吲哚) - Ν"-甲酰胺
Ν-((3-(2-(Ν'-甲基氨基甲酰基) -4-吡啶基氧)苯基) )-(5-甲基 -2,3-二 氢 -1Η-吲哚) - Ν"-甲酰胺。
本发明涉及式 、 (II)化合物或其药学上可接受的盐, 这些盐选 自:
a)有机酸和无机酸的碱式盐, 所述有机酸和无机酸选自盐酸、 氢 溴酸、 硫酸, 磷酸、 甲磺酸、 三氟磺酸、 苯磺酸、 对甲苯磺酸、 1- 萘磺酸、 2-萘磺酸、 乙酸, 三氟乙酸、 苹果酸、 酒石酸、 柠檬酸、 乳 酸、 草酸、 琥珀酸、 富马酸、 马来酸, 苯甲酸、 水杨酸、 苯基乙酸或 杏仁酸; 和
b)含阳离子的有机和无机碱的酸式盐, 所述阳离子选自碱金属阳 离子、碱土金属阳离子、铵离子、 脂族取代的铵离子或芳族取代的铵 离子。
本发明用于治疗癌症的药物组合物, 包含式 (11)化合物或其药 学上可接受的盐, 和生理上合适的载体。
本发明所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐可用于制造抑制 VEGEFR-2等激酶介导的癌性细胞生长和转移的药物的用途。
本发明所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐还可以在制备治疗 癌症疾病药物上的用途。
本发明所述的癌症包括实质癌、 肾癌、 肺癌、 乳腺癌、 肝癌、 卵巢癌、 胰腺癌、 甲状腺癌、 膀胱癌、 白血病、 腺癌、 黑素瘤、 胃腸 癌, 结肠直肠癌、 内分泌癌、 肾癌、 急性髓样白血病 (AML)、 骨髓增 生异常综合征 (MDS)、 間皮癌、 血管肉瘤、 肾上腺皮质腺癌、 子宫内 膜癌及神经胶质瘤等。 尤其治疗有效的癌症是肾癌、 肝癌、 肺癌、 肺 癌、 结肠直肠癌、 胃腸癌、 乳腺癌、 胃腸癌及血管肉瘤等。
在本发明内容的上下文中, 除非另外说明, 否则本文中用于描述 通式 (I)或 (II)化合物的通用术语具有以下含义。
当提及取代基例如垸基、垸氧基、垸基胺、垸硫基等时,术语"低 级"表示具有至多 7个且包括最大值 7个、优选 1至至多 6个且包括 最大值 6 个碳原子的基团, 所述基团是无支链的或被支化一次或多 次。
低级垸基、低级垸氧基和带有垸基部分的取代基中的垸基部分优 选 CrC6垸基, 例如正丁基、 仲丁基、 叔丁基、 正丙基、 异丙基、 甲 基或乙基。 除非另外指明, 否则所述的垸基取代基是未取代的或被卤 素、 羟基、 硝基、 氰基、 低级垸氧基、 C3-C7环垸基、 氨基或单 -或二 -低级垸基氨基所取代。
卤素 -低级垸基、 素-低级垸氧基、 素-低级垸硫基等是指具有 垸基部分、 其中垸基部分被 ¾素单取代至完全取代的取代基。 卤素- 低级垸基、 ¾素-低级垸氧基包括在取代的低级垸基、 取代的低级垸 氧基之内。
卤素优选氟、 氯、 溴或碘, 更优选氟、 氯或溴, 特别是氟。
苯基一般是未取代的苯基或被 1-5个、优选 1或 2个取代基取代 的苯基。 适当的取代基包括但不限于氨基、 单-或二-低级垸基取代的 氨基 (其中低级垸基取代基可以是未取代的或进一步被如上对垸基所 列出的那些取代基所取代:)、 卤素、 低级垸基、 取代的低级垸基、 羟 基、 低级垸氧基、 取代的低级垸氧基、 硝基、 氰基、 巯基、 低级垸硫 基、 卤素-低级垸硫基、 杂环基、 杂芳基、 杂环基垸基、 杂芳基垸基、 低级垸酰基、氨基甲酰基和 N-单-或 N, N-二-低级垸基取代的氨基甲 酰基, 其中低级垸基取代基可以是未取代的或被进一步取代。
为苯基的 R优选未取代的苯基或被一个或多个取代基、优选至多 三个、优选一个取代基取代的苯基。对苯基而言尤其重要的取代基包 括氨基、 单-或二-低级垸基氨基 (其中垸基是未取代的或被取代的:)、 卤素、 低级垸基、 取代的低级垸基、 羟基、 低级垸氧基、 取代的低级 垸氧基、 硝基、 氰基、 巯基、 低级垸硫基和取代的低级垸硫基。
为苯基的 R优选未取代的苯基或被一个或两个相同或不同的取 代基取代的苯基, 所述取代基选自卤素, 优选氟或氯; 低级垸基, 优 选甲基、 乙基、 丙基或叔丁基; 卤素 -低级垸基, 优选三氟甲基; 羟 基; 低级垸氧基, 优选甲氧基或乙氧基; 卤素-低级垸氧基, 例如三 氟甲氧基或 1, 1, 2, 2-四氟乙氧基; 更优选被一个取代基取代的苯 基, 所述取代基选自未取代的或取代的低级垸基, 优选甲基、 卤素- 低级垸基, 例如三氟甲基、 未取代的或取代的低级垸氧基, 优选甲氧 基和卤素-低级垸氧基, 优选三氟甲氧基。
重要的 R苯基包括未取代的苯基和低级垸氧基取代的苯基,优选 其中低级垸氧基取代的苯基。
杂芳基优选包含 1至 3个选自 N、 0和 S的杂原子的 5至 7元芳 族环。杂芳基是未取代的或被一个或多个、 优选一个至三个、 例如一 个相同或不同的取代基所取代。杂芳基上的重要取代基是那些选自以 下的取代基: 卤素, 例如氟或氯; 单-或二-低级垸基取代的氨基, 其 中垸基是未取代的或被卤素、羟基、硝基、 氰基、低级垸氧基、 c3-c7 环垸基、 杂环基或杂芳基取代; 低级垸基, 例如甲基或乙基; 卤素- 低级垸基, 例如三氟甲基; 低级垸氧基, 例如甲氧基或乙氧基; 卤素 -低级垸氧基, 例如三氟甲氧基; 低级垸硫基, 例如甲硫基; 卤素-低 级垸硫基, 例如三氟甲硫基; 杂芳基; 杂芳基-低级亚垸基; 杂环基 或杂环基-低级亚垸基。
杂环基优选具有 1或 2个选自氮、氧和硫的杂原子的五元或六元 非芳族环, 该杂环可以是完全或部分饱和的, 且是未取代的或被取代 的, 优选被未取代的或取代的低级垸基所取代。 杂环基包括吗啉代、 硫吗啉代、 哌啶基、 哌嗪基等。
药学上可接受的盐优选式 (I) (II)化合物的可药用的酸加成盐。 这 类盐是例如通过具有碱性氮原子的式 (II)化合物形成的, 例如酸加 成盐, 优选与有机或无机酸形成的酸加成盐, 优选可药用盐。 合适的 无机酸有例如氢卤酸如盐酸、硫酸或磷酸。合适的有机酸有例如羧酸、 膦酸、 磺酸或氨基磺酸, 例如乙酸、 丙酸、 辛酸、 癸酸、 十二垸酸、 羟基乙酸、 乳酸、 2-羟基丁酸、 葡糖酸、 富马酸、 丁二酸、 己二酸、 庚二酸、 辛二酸、 壬二酸、 苹果酸、 酒石酸、 柠檬酸、 葡糖二酸、 半 乳糖二酸、 氨基酸, 例如谷氨酸、 天冬氨酸、 Ν-甲基甘氨酸、 乙酰氨 基乙酸、 Ν-乙酰基天冬酰胺、 Ν-乙酰基半胱氨酸、丙酮酸、乙酰乙酸、 磷酸丝氨酸、 2-或 3-甘油磷酸、 马来酸、 羟基马来酸、 甲基马来酸、 环己垸甲酸、 苯甲酸、 水杨酸、 1-或 3-羟基萘 -2-甲酸、 3, 4, 5-三甲 氧基苯甲酸、 2-苯氧基苯甲酸、 2-乙酰氧基苯甲酸、 4-氨基水杨酸、 邻苯二甲酸、 苯基乙酸、 葡糖醛酸、 半乳糖醛酸、 甲垸-或乙垸-磺酸、 2-羟基乙垸磺酸、 乙垸 -1, 2-二磺酸、 苯磺酸、 2-萘磺酸、 1, 5-萘二 磺酸、 Ν-环己基氨基磺酸、 Ν-甲基-、 Ν-乙基-或 Ν-丙基 -氨基磺酸, 或其它有机质子酸, 例如抗坏血酸。
本发明涉及用作 VEGER-2等激酶抑制剂的 3-氯-及 3-甲氧基 -Ν- 甲基 -2-吡啶酰胺化合物化合物,以及它们用于制备治疗 VEGFR-2等激 酶所介导疾病的药物中的用途。 所述患者为哺乳动物, 一般为人。
本发明的化合物可用于治疗哺乳动物癌症, 优选人类癌症, 包括 但不限于恶性黑素瘤、结肠直肠癌、卵巢癌、***状甲状腺癌、肝癌、 肺癌、 肾癌、 胰腺癌、 成胶质细胞瘤、 脊髓增殖性疾病、 间皮瘤、 胃 腸癌、 乳腺癌及血管肉瘤等。 本发明的化合物也可用于治疗 VEGFR-2 等激酶所介导的炎性疾病, 包括类风湿性关节炎、 视网膜病 (包括糖 尿病性视网膜神经病和黄斑变性)、 心血管疾病和代谢疾病。
本发明的通式 (II)化合物或其药学上可接受的盐具有如上所述 的有价值的药理学性质。
a)有机酸和无机酸的碱式盐, 所述有机酸和无机酸选自盐酸, 氢 溴酸, 硫酸, 磷酸, 甲磺酸, 三氟磺酸, 苯磺酸, 对甲苯磺酸, 1- 萘磺酸, 2-萘磺酸, 乙酸, 三氟乙酸, 苹果酸, 酒石酸, 柠檬酸, 乳 酸, 草酸, 琥珀酸, 富马酸, 马来酸, 苯甲酸, 水杨酸, 苯基乙酸和 杏仁酸; 和
b)含阳离子的有机和无机碱的酸式盐, 所述阳离子选自碱金属阳 离子, 碱土金属阳离子, 铵离子, 脂族取代的铵离子和芳族取代的铵 离子。 本发明所述的通式 (I) (II)化合物药学上可接受的盐为可药用的酸 加成盐。这类盐是例如通过具有碱性氮原子的式 (II)化合物形成的, 例如酸加成盐, 优选与有机或无机酸形成的酸加成盐, 尤其是可药用 盐。 合适的无机酸选自盐酸, 氢溴酸, 硫酸, 磷酸等。 合适的有机酸 选自羧酸、膦酸、磺酸或氨基磺酸, 例如甲磺酸、三氟磺酸、苯磺酸、 对甲苯磺酸、 1-萘磺酸、 2-萘磺酸、 乙酸、 三氟乙酸、 苹果酸、 酒石 酸、 柠檬酸、 乳酸、 草酸、 琥珀酸、 富马酸、 马来酸, 苯甲酸、 水杨 酸、 苯基乙酸、 杏仁酸、 丙酸、 辛酸、 癸酸、 十二垸酸、 羟基乙酸、 2-羟基丁酸、 葡糖酸、 丁二酸、 己二酸、 庚二酸、 辛二酸、 壬二酸、 葡糖二酸、 半乳糖二酸, 或者氨基酸, 例如谷氨酸、 天冬氨酸、 Ν- 甲基甘氨酸、 乙酰氨基乙酸、 Ν-乙酰 基天冬酰胺、 Ν-乙酰基半胱氨 酸、 丙酮酸、 乙酰乙酸、磷酸丝氨酸、 2-或 3-甘油磷酸、羟基马来酸、 甲基马来酸、 环己垸甲酸、 1-或 3-羟基萘 -2-甲酸、 3, 4, 5-三甲氧基 苯甲酸、 2-苯氧基苯甲酸、 2-乙酰氧基苯甲酸、 4-氨基水杨酸、 邻苯 二甲酸、 苯基乙酸、 葡糖醛酸、 半乳糖醛酸、 甲垸 -或乙院-磺酸、 2- 羟基乙垸磺酸、 乙垸 -1, 2-二磺酸、 1, 5-萘二磺酸、 N-环己基氨基磺 酸、 N-甲基-、 N-乙基-或 N-丙基 -氨基磺酸, 或其它有机质子酸, 例 如抗坏血酸。
本发明的化合物可以单独施用或与其它抗癌药组合施用,例如抑 制肿瘤血管生成的化合物, 例如蛋白酶抑制剂、表皮生长因子受体激 酶抑制剂、 血管内皮生长因子受体激酶抑制剂等; 细胞毒性药物, 例 如抗代谢物, 如嘌呤和嘧啶类似物抗代谢物; 抗有丝***药如微管稳 定药和抗有丝***生物碱; 铂配位复合物; 抗肿瘤抗生素; 垸化剂, 例如氮芥和亚硝基脲; 内分泌物, 例如肾上腺类皮质激素类、 雄激素 类、 抗雄激素类、 ***类、 抗***类、 芳香酶抑制剂、 促性腺激 素释放激素激动剂和促生长素抑制素类似物,以及靶向于被过量表达 和 /或在其它方面与肿瘤细胞中被上调的特定代谢通路有关的酶或受 体的化合物,例如 ATP和 GTP磷酸二酯酶抑制剂、蛋白激酶抑制剂, 例如丝氨酸、 苏氨酸和酪氨酸激酶抑制剂, 例如 Abelson蛋白酪氨酸 激酶和各种生长因子、它们的受体和其激酶抑制剂, 例如表皮生长因 子受体激酶抑制剂、血管内皮生长因子受体激酶抑制剂、成纤维细胞 生长因子抑制剂、***受体抑制剂和血小板衍生生长因 子受体激酶抑制剂等; 甲硫氨酸氨基肽酶抑制剂、 蛋白酶抑制剂、 环 加氧酶抑制剂, 例如环加氧酶 -1 或 -2 抑制剂, 和组蛋白脱乙酰基酶 抑制剂。
本发明的化合物还可以与放射疗法、免疫疗法、手术治疗或其组 合一起施用。用于在肿瘤减轻或甚至化学预防治疗后维持患者状态的 治疗 (例如在危险中的患者的情况:)也是可能的。
本发明的化合物不仅用于 (预防性地和优选治疗性地:)治疗人, 而 且用于治疗其它温血动物, 例如商业上有用的温血动物, 例如啮齿类 动物, 如 小鼠、 兔或大鼠, 或豚鼠。
本发明还包括包含通式 (II)化合物和生理学上认可的载体的药 本发明化合物可通过注射、 吸入或喷洒或直肠, 经口、 皮肤、 胃 肠外给予, 或以单位制剂剂型给予。 "注射给予"包括静脉、 肌内、 皮下和胃肠外注射, 以及应用输液技术。皮肤给药包括外用或透皮给 予。一种或多种化合物可与一种或多种药学上认可的无毒载体, 以及 视需要而定的其他活性成分共存。
口用组合物可按照任何药物组合物制造领域已知的合适方法制 备。 为了改善制剂口感, 所述组合物可含一种或多种以下试剂: 稀释 剂, 甜味剂, 香料, 着色剂和防腐剂。 片剂含有活性成分, 它们与药 学上认可的、适合片剂生产的无毒赋形剂混合。所述赋形剂例如惰性 稀释剂, 例如碳酸钙, 碳酸钠, 乳糖, 磷酸钙或磷酸钠; 粒化剂和崩 解剂, 例如玉米淀粉或藻酸; 黏合剂, 例如硬脂酸镁, 硬脂酸或滑石 粉。 片剂可以没有包衣, 也可以用已知技术进行包裹, 以延迟其在胃 肠道内的崩解与吸收, 提供长期的持续作用。例如, 可采用诸如一硬 脂酸甘油酯或二硬脂酸甘油酯之类延时物质。所述化合物也可以制成 固体, 快释形式。
口服制剂还可以是硬明胶胶囊, 其中的活性成分与例如碳酸钙、 磷酸钙或高岭土等惰性固体稀释剂相混合, 或者是软明胶胶囊, 其中 的活性成分与水或例如花生油、 液体石蜡或橄榄油等油混合。
也可使用含有活性物质与适合制造水性悬浮液的赋形剂混合的 水性悬浮液。所述赋形剂是悬浮剂, 例如羧甲基纤维素钠, 甲基纤维 素, 羟基丙基-甲基纤维素, 藻酸钠, 聚乙烯基吡咯垸酮, 西黄蓍胶 和***树胶; 分散剂或润湿剂可以是天然磷脂, 例如卵磷脂, 或环 氧乙垸与脂肪酸的缩合产物, 例如硬脂酸聚氧乙烯酯, 或环氧乙垸与 长链脂肪醇的缩合产物, 例如十七氧乙烯十六垸醇, 或环氧乙垸与脂 肪酸与己糖醇所成偏酯的缩合产物, 例如单油酸聚氧乙烯山梨醇酯。 水性悬浮液还可含有一种或多种防腐剂,例如对羟基苯甲酸乙酯或正 丙酯, 一种或多种着色剂, 一种或多种香料, 和一种或多种甜味剂, 例如蔗糖或糖精。
适合加水成为水性悬浮液的可分散粉末或颗粒中,活性成分与分 散剂或润湿剂, 悬浮剂和一种或多种防腐剂混合。合适的分散剂或润 湿剂和悬浮剂可以上文所述为例。还可以含其他赋形剂,例如甜味剂, 香料和着色剂。
化合物的形式还可以是非水性液体制剂, 例如油性悬浮液, 这可 以通过将活性成分悬浮在花生油、橄榄油、芝麻油或花生油等植物油 或诸如液体石蜡等矿物油中来配制。该油性悬浮液可含增稠剂, 例如 蜂蜡、 硬石蜡或鲸蜡醇。 为了改善口感, 可加入上述甜味剂和香料。 所述组合物可通过添加诸如抗坏血酸等抗氧化剂来保质。
本发明药物组合物的形式还可以是水包油乳液。油相可以是诸如 橄榄油或花生油等植物油或例如液体蜂蜡等矿物油, 或它们的混合 物。合适的乳化剂可以是西黄蓍胶和***树胶等天然树胶, 或天然 磷脂, 例如大豆卵磷脂或卵磷脂; 脂肪酸与脱水己糖醇形成的偏酯, 例如但油酸脱水山梨醇酯; 所述偏酯与环氧乙垸的缩合产物, 例如单 油酸聚氧乙烯脱水山梨醇酯。 所述乳液还可含有甜味剂和香料。
也可用例如甘油、聚丙二醇、 山梨醇或蔗糖等甜味剂配制糖桨和 酏剂。 这类制剂还可含有润药, 防腐剂和香料及着色剂。
本发明的药物组合物以本身已知的方法制备, 例如通过常规的 混合、 制粒、 成型、 溶解或冻干方法制备。
优选使用活性成分的溶液, 另外还可使用混悬液或分散体, 尤 其是等张的水溶液、分散体或混悬液, 例如在仅含有活性物质或含有 活性物质与载体例如甘露醇的冻干组合物的情况下,这些剂型可以在 使用前制备。 药物组合物可以被灭菌和 /或包含赋形剂, 例如防腐剂、 稳定剂、湿润剂和 /或乳化剂、增溶剂、 调节渗透压的盐和 /或缓冲剂, 并以本身已知的方法制备, 例如通过常规的溶解或冻干方法制备。所 述的溶液或混悬液可以包含 增粘物质例如羧甲基纤维素钠、 羧甲基 纤维素、 葡聚糖、 聚乙烯吡咯垸酮或明胶或增溶剂例如 Tween 80。 在油中的混悬液包含常规用于注射目的的植物油、合成油或半合 成油作为油性组分。 可提及的如尤其是液体脂肪酸酯, 其包含具有 8 至 22个、 尤其是 12至 22个碳原子的长链脂肪酸作为酸组分, 例如 月桂酸、 十三垸酸、 肉豆蔻酸、 十五垸酸、 棕榈酸、 十七垸酸、 硬脂 酸、 花生酸、 二十二垸酸或相应的不饱和酸, 例如油酸、 反油酸、 芥 酸、 巴西烯酸或亚油酸, 任选地加入抗氧化剂, 例如维生素 Ε、 β - 胡萝卜素或 3, 5-二-叔丁基 -4-羟基甲苯。这些脂肪酸酯的醇组分具有 最多 6个碳原子, 为单-或多-元醇, 例如单-、 二-或三-元醇, 例如甲 醇、 乙醇、 丙醇、 丁醇或戊醇或它们的异构体, 但是尤其是乙二醇和 甘油。 因此, 可以提及的脂肪酸酯的例子有: 油酸乙酯、 肉豆蔻酸异 丙酯、 棕榈酸异丙酯等, 但是尤其是植物油, 例如棉子油、 杏仁油、 橄榄油、 芝麻油、 豆油和更尤其是花生油。
注射组合物的制备在无菌条件下以常规方法进行,将其引入到例 如安瓿或小瓶中和容器的密封也是在无菌条件下以常规方法进行的。
用于口服施用的药物组合物可以例如通过以下方法获得:将活性 成分与一种或多种固体载体混合, 将得到的混合物制粒, 如果合适, 将混合物或颗粒加工 (如果需要, 酌情加入另外的赋形剂:)成片剂或糖 衣丸的芯。
合适的载体尤其是填充剂, 例如糖如乳糖、 蔗糖、 甘露醇或山梨 糖醇、 纤维素制品和 /或磷酸钙例如磷酸三钙或磷酸氢钙, 还有粘合 剂, 例如淀粉如玉米、 小麦、 米或马铃薯淀粉、 甲基纤维素、 羟丙基 甲基纤维素、羧甲 基纤维素钠和 /或聚乙烯吡咯垸酮,和 /或如果需要, 崩解剂, 例如以上提到的淀粉, 还有羧甲基淀粉、 交联聚乙烯吡咯垸 酮、 海藻酸或其盐, 例如藻酸钠。 另外的赋形剂尤其是流动性调节剂 和润滑剂, 例如硅酸、 滑石粉、 硬脂酸或其盐, 例如硬脂酸镁或硬脂 酸钙, 和 /或聚乙二醇或其衍生物。
糖衣丸芯可以具有合适的包衣, 任选肠溶衣, 尤其是使用浓糖溶 液, 所述浓糖溶液可以含有***胶、 滑石粉、 聚乙烯吡咯垸酮、 聚 乙二醇和 /或二氧化钛, 或使用在合适有机溶剂或溶剂混合物中的包 衣溶液, 或者对于肠溶衣的制备, 使用合适的纤维素制品的溶液, 例 如醋酸纤维素邻苯二甲酸酯或羟丙基甲基纤维素邻苯二甲酸酯。可以 向片剂或糖衣丸包衣中加入着色剂或色素,例如为了鉴别目的或为了 显示活性成分的不同剂量。
用于口服施用的药物组合物还有硬明胶胶囊和由明胶和增塑剂 例如甘油或山梨醇组成的软密封胶囊。硬明胶胶囊可以含有颗粒形式 的活性成分, 例如混合有填充剂如玉米淀粉、 粘合剂和 /或助流剂如 滑石粉或硬脂酸镁以及任选地稳定剂的颗粒形式的活性成分。在软胶 囊中,活性成分优选溶解或混悬在合适的液体赋形剂中,例如脂肪油、 石蜡油或液体聚乙二醇或者乙二醇或丙二醇的脂肪酸酯,同样可以加 入稳定剂和清洁剂, 例如聚氧乙烯脱水山梨醇脂肪酸酯类的清洁剂。
合适的可直肠施用的药物组合物有例如栓剂,其由活性成分与栓 剂基质的混合物组成。 合适的栓剂基质有例如天然或合成的甘油三 酯、 链垸烃、 聚乙二醇或高级链垸醇。
对于胃肠外施用, 尤其适合的是水溶性形式、例如水溶性盐形式 的活性成分的水性溶液, 或水性注射混悬液, 其包含增粘物质, 例如 羧甲基纤维素钠、 山梨醇和 /或葡聚糖, 以及如果需要, 还含有稳定 剂。任选地与赋形剂一起的活性成分也可以是冻干物的形式, 其可以 在胃肠外施用前通过加入合适的溶剂被制成溶液。
用于例如胃肠外施用的溶液也可以以输液形式被使用。 优选的 防腐剂有例如抗氧化剂如抗坏血酸或杀微生物剂如山梨酸或苯甲酸。
在本文中所有使用通式 化合物的治疗方案中, 每日口服剂 量以 0.01-200mg/kg体重为佳。 注射, 包括静脉、 肌内、 皮下和胃肠 外注射和应用输入技术, 的每日剂量以 0.01-200mg/kg体重为佳。 直 肠给药的日剂量以 0.01-200mg/kg体重为佳。 外用的每日剂量以每日 1至 4次, 没每次 0.1-200mg为佳。 吸入的每日剂量以 0.01-10mg/kg 体重为佳。
本领域技术人员将看出, 具体的给药方式取决于多种因素, 这些 都是在常规给药时常考虑的。然而, 还可以看出, 特定患者的具体剂 量取决于包括所用具体化合物的活性、 患者年龄、 患者体重、 患者总 体健康状况、患者性别、 患者饮食、给药时间、给药途径、排出速度、 药物组合和当前所治病情的严重程度等多种因素。本领域技术人员还 将发现, 最佳治疗程式, 即一定天数内的治疗方式和通式 (Ι) (Π)化合 物或其药学上认可的盐的日给药次数,本领域技术人员可用常规治疗 试验来确定。
显然, 具体患者的具体记录水平取决于多种因素, 包括所用具体 化合物的活性、患者年龄、患者体重、患者总体健康状况、患者性别、 患者饮食、 给药时间、 给药途径、 排出速度、 药物组合和当前所治病 情的严重程度。
本发明化合物可由已知化合物 (或以可由已知化合物制得的原料 作为起始物:), 通过例如后文所述的一般方法来制备。 可以后文所述 的常用方法测定 VEGFR-2激酶的活性。以下实施例仅作 说明, 而非限定。 般方法 下所述的通用反应流程图制备的。
方案 1
Figure imgf000022_0001
方案 2
Figure imgf000023_0001
•分药理试验方法如下
化合物抑制激酶的体外生物活性通常由其拮抗激酶对外源底物磷 酸化程度来测量 (Zhou S. et al. Nature 1995, 373 : 536-539)。
VEGRF-2体外抑制活性测试 (Itokawa T. et al. Mol. Cancer Ther. 2001, 1 : 295-302 )
VEGFR-2为 SF9细胞表达并纯化后得到的的人类重组激酶, 激酶 或者在化合物拮抗下磷酸化底物的反应程度由荧光共振能量转移法
(Fluoresence resonance energy trasnfer, FRET)测量。实验在 384-微孑 L 板上进行, 总体积为 10 ul, 先把样品化合物、 标准化合物、 或水(对 照)与 VEGFR-2激酶混合在含 Hepes/Tris(pH7.4 )、 EGTA/Tris、 MgCl2、 DTT、 和 Tween 20的缓冲溶液。 磷酸化反应在加入底物
( Ulight-CAGAGAIETDKEYYTVKD(JAKI ) 和 ATP后开始, 室温下 进行 60 分钟后用 EDTA中断反应。 5分钟后, 微孔中加入
Eu-labelled-anti-phospho-PT66 , 60分钟后用酉每标仪 (Envision, Perkin Elmer)分别测量微孔混合物在波长 337 nM、 620 nM、 及 655 nM的荧 光强度。 激酶的活性与 655 nm/620 nM荧光强度成正比, 表达为相对 于对照样品 (水) 的百分抑制率, 基底荧光强度从不加激酶的对照微 孔读得。反应 IC5。值由 8到 10个不同浓度的化合物激酶百分抑制率曲线 获得, 在该实验条件下, 标准化合物 staurosporine 的 IC5。为 3.5 nM。
全部例举化合物的 IC5。都在 30nM至 300nM之间。 例如
Ν-((3-(2-(Ν'-甲基氨基甲酰基) -4-吡啶基氧)苯基) M5-甲基 -2,3-二氢 - 1 Η- Π引哚) - 1 -甲酰胺的 IC5。为 31 nM。
具体实施方式
以下通过具体实施方式进一步解释或说明本发明内容,但实施例 不应被理解为对本发明保护范围的限制。 1
Figure imgf000024_0001
4-(4-氨基苯氧基 -:)吡啶 -2-(N-甲基 -:)甲酰胺的制备
18g(leq)对羟基苯胺溶于 DMF, 加入 2g ( l. leq) 叔丁醇钾, 室 温搅拌, 加入 4-氯 -吡啶 -2-(N-甲基-)甲酰胺 2.7g ( l.Oeq) , 80°C反应 2小时, 然后降温至室温, 加水和乙酸乙酯, 有机相浓缩, 硅胶柱纯 化, 得淡黄色固体 (2.9g, 44%)。 买施例 2
Figure imgf000025_0001
(4-((2-甲基氨基甲酰基吡啶 )-4-氧 -:)苯基:) -氨基甲酸对硝基苯酯的制备 4-(4-氨基苯氧基-)吡啶 -2-(N-甲基-)甲酰胺 (2.0g, l.Oeq)溶于二 氯甲垸, 加入氯甲酸对硝基苯酯 (2.0g, 1.2eq)和三乙胺, 室温搅拌 2小时。 加水, 搅拌, 静置分层, 水层弃去。 有机层减压浓缩, 硅胶 柱纯化, 的白色固体 (3.0g, 90%)。 买施例 3
Figure imgf000025_0002
Ν-((4-(2-(Ν'-甲基氨基甲酰基) -4-吡啶基氧)苯基) )-(2,3-二氢 -1Η-吲 哚) -N"-甲酰胺的制备
分别将 (4-((2-甲基氨基甲酰基吡啶 )-4-氧 -:)苯基:) -氨基甲酸对硝基 苯酯和 2,3-二氢 -1H-吲哚溶于四氢呋喃, 分别配制成 0.4M的溶液 A 和 B,将三乙胺溶于四氢呋喃,配制成 6.0M的溶液 C。分别将 1.5mL、 0.5mL和 O.lmL溶液 A, 溶液 B和溶液 C加入烧瓶中, 密闭, 室温 搅拌 4小时后减压蒸出溶剂。加入 2mL二氯甲垸和 lmL氯化铵溶液, 搅拌, 分去水层, 水洗, 水层弃去, 减压蒸出溶剂, 精制得白色固体。 1HNMR (DMSO-d6 ) : δ=2.77 (d, 3Η), δ=3·16 (m, 2H), δ=4.12 (m, 2H), 5=6.88 (m, 1H), 5=7.20 (m, 5H), 5=7.38 (d, 1H), 5=7.70 (d, 2H), 5=7.85 (d, 1H), 5=8.50 (d, 1H), 5=8.63 (d, 1Η), δ=8.76 (m, lH m/e=388.62 买施例 4
Figure imgf000026_0001
N-((4-(2-(N'-甲基氨基甲酰基) -4-吡啶基氧)苯基) )-(5-溴 -2,3-二氢 -1H- 吲哚) -N"-甲酰胺的制备
参照实施例 3, 用 5-溴 -2,3-二氢 -1H-吲哚制得。 1HNMR (DMSO-d6): δ=2.76 (d, 3Η), δ=3·18 (m, 2H), δ=4.14 (m, 2H), 5=7.14 (m, 3H), 5=7.28 (d, 1H), 5=7.37 (d, 2H), 5=7.65 (d, 2H), 5=7.78 (d, 1H), 5=8.49 (d, 1H), 5=8.71 (m, 2H)。 m/e=467.32。 买施例 5
Figure imgf000026_0002
N-((4-(2-(N'-甲基氨基甲酰基: )-4-吡啶基氧:)苯基 X 4-三氟甲基 -2,3-二 氢 -1H-吲哚) - N"-甲酰胺的制备
参照实施例 3, 用 4-三氟甲基 -2,3-二氢 -1H-吲哚制得。 1HNMR (DMSO-d6): δ=2.77 (d, 3Η), δ=3.25 (m, 2H), δ=4.21 (m, 2H), 5=7.15 (m, 3H), 5=7.24 (d, 1H), 5=7.39 (m, 2H), 5=7.69 (d, 2H), 5=8.16 (s, 1H), 5=8.49 (d, 1H), 5=8.76 (m, 2H)。 m/e=456.42。 实施例 6
Figure imgf000027_0001
Ν-((4-(2-(Ν'-甲基氨基甲酰基) -4-吡啶基氧)苯基) )-(5-氯 -2,3-二氢 -1Η- 吲哚) - N"-甲酰胺的制备
参照实施例 3, 用 5-氯 -2,3-二氢 -1H-吲哚制得。 1HNMR (DMSO-d6): δ=2.77 (d, 3Η), δ=3.18 (m, 2H), δ=4.15 (m, 2H), 5=7.14 (m, 4H), 5=7.24 (d, 1H), 5=7.36 (d, 1H), 5=7.64 (d, 2H), 5=7.83 (d, 1H), 5=8.49 (d, 1H), 5=8.70 (m, 2H)。 m/e=422.86。
Figure imgf000027_0002
Ν-((4-(2-(Ν'-甲基氨基甲酰基) -4-吡啶基氧)苯基 ))-(5-甲基 -2,3-二氢 -1Η-吲哚:) - Ν"-甲酰胺的制备
参照实施例 3, 用 5-甲基 -2,3-二氢 -1Η-吲哚制得。 1HNMR
(DMSO-d6): δ=2.22 (s, 3Η), δ=2.77 (d, 3H), δ=3.12 (m, 2H), 5=4.10 (m, 2H), 5=6.90 (d, 1H), 5=7.00 (s, 1H), 5=7.14 (m, 3H), 5=7.35 (d, 1H), 5=7.67 (m, 3H), 5=8.49 (d, 1H), 5=8.58
(s, 1H), 5=8.76 (m, 1H)。 m/e=402.65。 实施例 8
Figure imgf000028_0001
Ν-((3-(2-(Ν'-甲基氨基甲酰基) -4-吡啶基氧)苯基) )-(2,3-二氢 -1Η-吲 哚) - N"-甲酰胺的制备
向三光气 (95mg, 0.32mmol) 的二氯甲垸溶液中滴加 4-(4-氨基 苯氧基-)吡啶 -2-(N-甲基-)甲酰胺 (194mg, 0.8mmol) 的二氯甲垸溶 液, 室温搅拌 10分钟。 加入 2,3-二氢 -1H-吲哚 ( l.Ommol) 的二氯甲 垸溶液和三乙胺 (32mg, 0.32mmol), 搅拌过夜, 加入碳酸氢钠溶液 和二氯甲垸, 分层, 有机层减压浓缩得到粗品, 用甲醇重结晶得白色 固体。 IHNMR (CD3OD): δ=2.74 (s, 3Η), δ=3.20 (m, 2H), δ=4.02 (m, 2H), 5=6.85 (d, 1H), 5=6.93 (m, 1H), 5=7.01 (s, 1H), 5=7.14 (d, 2H), 5=7.41 (d, 3H), 5=7.66 (m, 2H), 5=8.50 (d, 2H m/e=388.42。 实施例 9
Figure imgf000028_0002
Ν-((3-(2-(Ν'-甲基氨基甲酰基) -4-吡啶基氧)苯基) )-(5-溴 -2,3-二氢 -1H- 吲哚) - N"-甲酰胺的制备
参照实施例 8, 用 5-溴 -2,3-二氢 -1H-吲哚制得。 1HNMR (DMSO-d6): δ=2.22 (s, 3Η), δ=2.77 (d, 3H), δ=3.12 (m, 2H), 5=4.10 (m, 2H), 5=6.90 (d, 1H), 5=7.00 (s, 1H), 5=7.14 (m, 3H), 5=7.35 (d, 1H), 5=7.67 (m, 3H), 5=8.49 (d, 1H), 5=8.58 (s, 1H), 5=8.76 (m, 1H)。 m/e=467.32。 实施例 10
Figure imgf000029_0001
N-((3-(2-(N,-甲基氨基甲酰基) -4-吡啶基氧)苯基 4-三氟甲基 -2,3-二 氢 -1H-吲哚) - N"-甲酰胺的制备
参照实施例 8, 用 4-三氟甲基 -2,3-二氢 -1H-吲哚制得。 1HNMR
(DMSO-d6): δ=2.77 (d, 3Η), δ=3.21 (m, 2H), δ=4.19 (m, 2H), 5=6.88 (d, 1H), 5=7.18 (s, 1H), 5=7.23 (d, 1H), 5=7.38 (m, 3H), 5=7.52 (s, 2H), 5=8.13 (s, 1H), 5=8.52 (d, 1H), 5=8.75
(d, 1H), 5=8.81 (s, lH m/e=456.42。 实施例 11
Figure imgf000029_0002
Ν-((3-(2-(Ν'-甲基氨基甲酰基) -4-吡啶基氧)苯基) )-(5-氯 -2,3-二氢 -1H- 吲哚) - N"-甲酰胺的制备
参照实施例 8, 用 5-氯 -2,3-二氢 -1H-吲哚制得。 1HNMR (DMSO-d6): δ=2.77 (d, 3Η), δ=3·16 (m, 2H), δ=4.12 (m, 2H), 5=6.84 (d, 1H), 5=7.19 (s, 3H), 5=7.40 (m, 4H), 5=7.79 (d, 1H), 5=8.51 (d, 1H), 5=8.75 (m, 2H)。 m/e=422.86。 实施例 12
Figure imgf000030_0001
Ν-((3-(2-(Ν'-甲基氨基甲酰基) -4-吡啶基氧)苯基) )-(5-甲基 -2,3-二氢 -1Η-吲哚) - Ν"-甲酰胺 4-氯 -3-甲氧基 -2-羟甲基吡啶的制备
参照实施例 8, 用 5-甲基 -2,3-二氢 -1Η-吲哚制得。 1HNMR
(CD3OD): δ=2.27 (s, 3Η), δ=2.94 (s, 3H), δ=3.18 (m, 2H), 5=4.09 (m, 2H), 5=6.85 (d, 1H), 5=6.93 (m, 1H), 5=7.01 (s, 1H), 5=7.14 (d, 1H), 5=7.41 (d, 3H), 5=7.66 (m, 2H), 5=8.50
(d, m/e

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1、 式 (1)、 (Π)化合物或其药学上可接受的盐:
Figure imgf000031_0001
其中:
R选自卤素、 氰基、 羟基、 三氟甲基、 甲氧基、 三氟甲氧基、 取代或未取代 的 C1-C6直链、 C1-C6支链垸基、 C3-C7环垸基、 C6-C10芳基、 C6-C10杂芳基 或含有一个或多个选 N、 S、 O原子的 C6-C10杂环基;
所述取代基选自氨基、 卤素、 C1-C6垸基、 羟基、 C1-C6垸氧基、 硝基、 氰 基、 巯基、 C1-C6垸硫基、 卤素 -C1-C6垸硫基、 杂环基、 杂芳基、 杂环基垸基、 杂芳基 C1-C6垸基、 C1-C6垸酰基或氨基甲酰基。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的式 (I) (Π)化合物或其药学上可接受的盐, 其特征 在于卤素选自氟、 氯、 溴或碘。
3、 下述化合物或其药学上可接受的盐:
Ν-((4-(2-(Ν'-甲基氨基甲酰基) -4-吡啶基氧)苯基) )-(2,3-二氢 -1H-吲哚) -1-甲 酰胺
Ν-((4-(2-(Ν'-甲基氨基甲酰基) -4-吡啶基氧)苯基) )-(5-溴 -2,3-二氢 -1Η-吲 哚)小甲酰胺
N-((4-(2-(N,-甲基氨基甲酰基) -4-吡啶基氧)苯基) )-(4-三氟甲基 -2,3-二氢 -1H- 吲哚) -1-甲酰胺
Ν-((4-(2-(Ν'-甲基氨基甲酰基) -4-吡啶基氧)苯基) )-(5-氯 -2,3-二氢 -1H-吲 哚)小甲酰胺
Ν-((4-(2-(Ν'-甲基氨基甲酰基) -4-吡啶基氧)苯基) )-(5-甲基 -2,3-二氢 -1Η-吲 哚)小甲酰胺
Ν-((3-(2-(Ν'-甲基氨基甲酰基) -4-吡啶基氧)苯基) )-(2,3-二氢 -1Η-吲哚) -1-甲 酰胺
Ν-((3-(2-(Ν'-甲基氨基甲酰基) -4-吡啶基氧)苯基) )-(5-溴 -2,3-二氢 -1Η-吲 哚)小甲酰胺
Ν-((3-(2-(Ν,-甲基氨基甲酰基) -4-吡啶基氧)苯基) )-(4-三氟甲基 -2,3-二氢 -1Η- 吲哚) -1-甲酰胺
Ν-((3-(2-(Ν'-甲基氨基甲酰基) -4-吡啶基氧)苯基) )-(5-氯 -2,3-二氢 -1Η-吲 哚)小甲酰胺
Ν-((3-(2-(Ν'-甲基氨基甲酰基) -4-吡啶基氧)苯基) )-(5-甲基 -2,3-二氢 -1Η-吲 哚)小甲酰胺
4、根据权利要求 1-3任意一项所述的化合物,它是式 (I) (Π)化合物或其药学 上可接受的盐, 选自:
a)有机酸和无机酸的碱式盐,所述有机酸和无机酸选自盐酸、氢溴酸、硫酸, 磷酸、 甲磺酸、 三氟磺酸、 苯磺酸、 对甲苯磺酸、 1-萘磺酸、 2-萘磺酸、 乙酸, 三氟乙酸、 苹果酸、 酒石酸、 柠檬酸、 乳酸、 草酸、 琥珀酸、 富马酸、 马来酸, 苯甲酸、 水杨酸、 苯基乙酸或杏仁酸; 和 b)含阳离子的有机和无机碱的酸式盐, 所述阳离子选自碱金属阳离子、碱土 金属阳离子、 铵离子、 脂族取代的铵离子或芳族取代的铵离子。
5、 用于治疗癌症的药物组合物, 包含权利要求 1-3任意一项所述的化合物 或其药学上可接受的盐, 和生理上合适的载体。
6、 权利要求 1-3任意一项所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐用于制造抑 制 VEGFR-2等激酶介导疾病的药物的用途。
7、 权利要求 1-3任意一项所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐用于制造抑 制 VEGFR-2等激酶介导的癌性细胞生长和转移的药物的用途。
8、 权利要求 1-3任意一项所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐在制备治疗 癌症疾病药物上的用途。
9、 权利要求 8所述的用途, 其中所述的癌症是实质癌、 肾癌、 肺癌、 乳腺 癌、 肝癌、 卵巢癌、 胰腺癌、 甲状腺癌、 膀胱癌、 白血病、 腺癌、 黑素瘤、 胃 腸癌, 结肠直肠癌、 内分泌癌、 肾癌、 急性髓样白血病 (AML)、 骨髓增生异常综 合征 (MDS)、 間皮癌、 血管肉瘤、 肾上腺皮质腺癌、 子宫内膜癌及神经胶质瘤。
10、 权利要求 8所述的用途, 其中所述癌症是肾癌、 肝癌、 肺癌、 肺癌、 结肠直肠癌、 胃肠癌、 乳腺癌、 胃肠癌及血管肉瘤。
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