WO2013018462A1 - 太陽電池用導電性ペースト組成物 - Google Patents
太陽電池用導電性ペースト組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013018462A1 WO2013018462A1 PCT/JP2012/066058 JP2012066058W WO2013018462A1 WO 2013018462 A1 WO2013018462 A1 WO 2013018462A1 JP 2012066058 W JP2012066058 W JP 2012066058W WO 2013018462 A1 WO2013018462 A1 WO 2013018462A1
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 111
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 130
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 50
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 40
- 229910018068 Li 2 O Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 36
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910015902 Bi 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 28
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 27
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 19
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 abstract description 16
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 72
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 38
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 36
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 24
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 22
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 22
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 22
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 19
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 17
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 17
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 16
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 16
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 14
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 12
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000002003 electrode paste Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 7
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910020617 PbO—B2O3—SiO2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052810 boron oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N diboron trioxide Chemical compound O=BOB=O JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000005355 lead glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 3
- VXQBJTKSVGFQOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCCCOCCOCCOC(C)=O VXQBJTKSVGFQOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001856 Ethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl cellulose Chemical compound CCOCC1OC(OC)C(OCC)C(OCC)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC)C(CO)O1 ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 2
- LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].OP(O)([O-])=O LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000387 ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000416 bismuth oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- TYIXMATWDRGMPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibismuth;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Bi+3].[Bi+3] TYIXMATWDRGMPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001249 ethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 235000019325 ethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007496 glass forming Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910021478 group 5 element Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(0) Chemical compound [Pb] WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910052808 lithium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium fluoride Chemical compound [Li+].[F-] PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019837 monoammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IRPGOXJVTQTAAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropanal Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C=O IRPGOXJVTQTAAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KLZUFWVZNOTSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-K Aluminum fluoride Inorganic materials F[Al](F)F KLZUFWVZNOTSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GEIAQOFPUVMAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ZrO Inorganic materials [Zr]=O GEIAQOFPUVMAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005388 borosilicate glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002542 deteriorative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- DBJLJFTWODWSOF-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel(ii) fluoride Chemical compound F[Ni]F DBJLJFTWODWSOF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005268 plasma chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006798 recombination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005215 recombination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002310 reflectometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003376 silicon Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003378 silver Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- FJOLTQXXWSRAIX-UHFFFAOYSA-K silver phosphate Chemical compound [Ag+].[Ag+].[Ag+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O FJOLTQXXWSRAIX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229940019931 silver phosphate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910000161 silver phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- -1 that is Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004017 vitrification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/14—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive inorganic material
- H01B1/16—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive inorganic material the conductive material comprising metals or alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C3/00—Glass compositions
- C03C3/04—Glass compositions containing silica
- C03C3/062—Glass compositions containing silica with less than 40% silica by weight
- C03C3/07—Glass compositions containing silica with less than 40% silica by weight containing lead
- C03C3/072—Glass compositions containing silica with less than 40% silica by weight containing lead containing boron
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C8/00—Enamels; Glazes; Fusion seal compositions being frit compositions having non-frit additions
- C03C8/02—Frit compositions, i.e. in a powdered or comminuted form
- C03C8/10—Frit compositions, i.e. in a powdered or comminuted form containing lead
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C8/00—Enamels; Glazes; Fusion seal compositions being frit compositions having non-frit additions
- C03C8/14—Glass frit mixtures having non-frit additions, e.g. opacifiers, colorants, mill-additions
- C03C8/18—Glass frit mixtures having non-frit additions, e.g. opacifiers, colorants, mill-additions containing free metals
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/20—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material
- H01B1/22—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material the conductive material comprising metals or alloys
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/02—Details
- H01L31/0224—Electrodes
- H01L31/022408—Electrodes for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier
- H01L31/022425—Electrodes for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier for solar cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a conductive paste composition suitable for a solar cell electrode formed by a fire-through method.
- a general silicon-based solar cell is provided with an antireflection film and a light-receiving surface electrode on an upper surface of a silicon substrate which is a p-type polycrystalline semiconductor via an n + layer, and on the lower surface via a p + layer. It has a structure provided with electrodes (hereinafter simply referred to as “electrodes” when they are not distinguished from each other), and power generated at the pn junction of the semiconductor by light reception is taken out through the electrodes.
- the antireflection film is for reducing the surface reflectance and increasing the light receiving efficiency while maintaining a sufficient visible light transmittance, and is made of a thin film such as silicon nitride, titanium dioxide, or silicon dioxide.
- the antireflection film Since the above-described antireflection film has a high electric resistance value, it prevents an electric power generated at the pn junction of the semiconductor from being efficiently extracted. Therefore, the light-receiving surface electrode of the solar cell is formed by a method called fire-through, for example.
- a conductive paste that is, a paste-like electrode material is appropriately formed on the antireflection film by using, for example, a screen printing method. And apply a baking process.
- the conductive paste is mainly composed of, for example, silver powder, glass frit (a piece of flaky or powdered glass that is crushed as necessary after melting and quenching a glass raw material), an organic vehicle, and an organic solvent.
- the glass component in the conductive paste breaks the antireflection film, so that an ohmic contact is formed by the conductive component in the conductive paste and the n + layer (for example, patent document) (See 1).
- conductivity is obtained by blending various trace components made of a metal or a compound such as phosphorus, vanadium, bismuth, and tungsten.
- the process is simplified as compared with the case where the antireflection film is partially removed and an electrode is formed on the removed portion, and there is a problem of misalignment between the removed portion and the electrode forming position. There is an advantage that does not occur.
- fluoride examples include lithium fluoride, nickel fluoride, and aluminum fluoride. It is also shown that a Group 5 element is added in addition to the above additives.
- the glass is, for example, borosilicate glass.
- the conductive paste contains 0.5 to 5 parts by weight of silver phosphate with respect to 100 parts by weight of silver powder to assist the action of breaking the antireflection film and to ensure ohmic contact (for example, , See Patent Document 3.) IV.
- a glass containing zinc oxide as a main component and containing no lead and using a paste containing silver, gold, and antimony, there is no intrusion of the electrode, so that the junction does not break down and low contact resistance is obtained.
- Patent Document 4 see, for example, Patent Document 4).
- a silver-containing paste containing 85 to 99 (wt%) silver and 1 to 15 (wt%) glass the glass is mixed with 15 to 75 (mol%) PbO and 5 to 50 (mol%) SiO. comprises 2, it is a composition that does not contain B 2 O 3 has been proposed (e.g., see Patent Document 5.).
- This silver-containing paste is used for forming an electrode of a solar cell, and the ohmic contact is improved by using the glass having the above composition.
- the glass can contain 0.1 to 8.0 (mol%) of P 2 O 5 or 0.1 to 10.0 (mol%) of Sb 2 O 5 , and further 0.1 to 15.0 (mol%) of alkali metal oxidation. (Na 2 O, K 2 O, Li 2 O).
- the glass frit is made of a glass containing PbO in the range of 46 to 57 (mol%), B 2 O 3 in the range of 1 to 7 (mol%), and SiO 2 in the range of 38 to 53 (mol%).
- a solar cell electrode paste composition was proposed previously (see Patent Document 6).
- the optimum firing temperature range at the time of forming the electrode of the solar cell is widened by selecting the composition range of PbO 2 , B 2 O 3 and SiO 2 as described above.
- the optimum sintering temperature range of individual substrates may differ due to variations in the manufacturing process, the possibility that firing temperature within the range falls if wider optimum firing temperature range is increased, per production lot Average output is improved.
- the glass frit has a Li 2 O content of 0.6-18 (mol%), a PbO content of 20-65 (mol%), a B 2 O 3 content of 1-18 (mol%), and a SiO 2 content of 20-
- a paste composition for a solar cell electrode made of glass containing 65 (mol%) was previously proposed (see Patent Document 7).
- This paste composition enables thinning of the light-receiving surface electrode without deteriorating ohmic contact or line resistance.
- the softening point is sufficiently lowered by containing 0.6 to 18 (mol%) of Li 2 O. It has been shown that moderate erodibility can be obtained.
- Li is generally desired to be avoided in semiconductor applications, and tends to give excessive erosion, especially in glass with a large amount of Pb, but in solar cell applications, the appropriate amount is included to improve fire-through. It has been found that. Moreover, since Li is a donor element, it also has an action of reducing contact resistance.
- the short wavelength side near 400 (nm) will also contribute to power generation, so it is considered an ideal solution in terms of improving solar cell efficiency.
- the shallow emitter has an n-layer thickness of 70 to 100 (nm) on the light-receiving surface side, which is even thinner than the conventional silicon solar cell of 100 to 200 (nm). Since the portion that cannot be effectively used by changing to heat before reaching the pn junction is reduced, there is an advantage that the short-circuit current increases and the power generation efficiency is increased.
- the concentration of a donor element for example, phosphorus
- the concentration of a donor element for example, phosphorus
- the barrier barrier between Ag and Si increases, making it difficult to ensure ohmic contact of the light-receiving surface electrode.
- the pn junction becomes shallow, it becomes very difficult to control the penetration depth so that the antireflection film is sufficiently broken by fire-through and the electrode does not penetrate the pn junction.
- Viscosity can be reduced by adjusting the amount of alkali or the like to lower the softening point, or changing the composition ratio of Pb, Si, B? , “Change of composition”)). Since the composition change has a large effect on the erosion amount control, the alkali amount is generally increased, but the erosion rate at the time of fire-through is increased, so it is more difficult to control the firing conditions such as temperature. Become. That is, in any case, it is difficult to achieve both ohmic contact and erosion amount control.
- the present invention has been made in the background of the above circumstances, and its purpose is to easily control the amount of intrusion of the electrode material during fire-through and to obtain an ohmic contact easily. To provide things.
- a conductive powder, a glass frit, a solar cell conductive paste composition comprising a vehicle, the glass frit is converted to oxide It is made of glass containing SO 2 in the range of 0.05 to 5.0 (mol%).
- the glass frit in the conductive paste composition for solar cells contains 0.05 to 5.0 (mol%) SO 2 , without increasing the amount of alkali or changing the composition, Viscosity when the glass is softened can be lowered while maintaining the same erosion as when SO 2 is not included. Therefore, since the surface tension at the time of softening is lowered, the glass component is quickly supplied to the electrode-substrate interface, so that a uniform thin glass layer is formed at the interface and good electrical characteristics are obtained. It is done. Therefore, the conductive paste composition for solar cells can be obtained in which the penetration amount of the electrode material can be easily controlled during the fire-through and the ohmic contact can be easily obtained.
- a conductive material that can be suitably used in the case of forming an electrode by a fire-through method on a solar cell having a thin shallow emitter structure with an n-layer using a high sheet resistance substrate of about 80 to 120 ( ⁇ / ⁇ ).
- a paste composition is obtained.
- the SO 2 is well known as a component that lowers the viscosity of the glass, but the conductive paste containing Ag has not been studied because of the concern about the reaction between Ag and S.
- the inventors of the present invention have also added a composition containing SO 2 to the object of evaluation in the course of examining various compositions, and at least if it is a trace amount up to about 5 (mol%) in the glass, the reaction with Ag is not It was not recognized, and it discovered that the effect which reduces a viscosity could be enjoyed suitably.
- the present invention has been made based on such knowledge.
- the conductive paste composition of the present invention since SO 2 is contained in the glass, even if the amount of glass remaining in the electrode is reduced, solder erosion hardly occurs. For this reason, there exists an advantage which can make an output characteristic and a solder characteristic compatible.
- the solar cell has a low leakage current (ie, a high Rsh), a high FF value, a large current value, and a high photoelectric conversion rate.
- a cell can be manufactured.
- the glass has a Pb / Si (mol ratio) in the range of 0.8 to 2.3 and 0.6 to 18 (mol%) of Li 2 O in terms of oxide, and 18 to 64 ( mol%) PbO, 1 to 18 (mol%) B 2 O 3 , and 15 to 47 (mol%) SiO 2 .
- the glass composition of the glass frit contained in the conductive paste of the present invention is not particularly limited, and various glasses can be used as long as they can be used when forming the surface electrode by the fire-through method in the manufacturing process of the solar cell. .
- the above composition is preferable for a lead-based glass containing Li.
- the above glass is 0.1 to 5.0 (mol%) SO 2 in terms of oxide, 1 to 15 (mol%) Li 2 O, 22 to 62 (mol%) PbO, and 1 to 15 (mol%). and B 2 O 3 in), even more preferred composition comprising a SiO 2 of 20 ⁇ 41 (mol%).
- the glass has a Pb / Si (mol ratio) in the range of 1.4 to 2.5, 50 to 70 (mol%) of PbO in terms of oxide, and 1 to 8 (mol%).
- the present invention is not limited to lead-based glass containing Li, and can be suitably applied to a conductive paste composition containing glass frit made of lead-based glass not containing Li. In the lead-based glass not containing Li, for example, the above composition is preferable.
- the above glass has a Pb / Si (mol ratio) in the range of 1.7 to 2.3, 0.1 to 3.0 (mol%) of SO 2 in terms of oxide, 55 to 62 (mol%) of PbO and A composition containing 3 to 6 (mol%) of B 2 O 3 and 28 to 34 (mol%) of SiO 2 is more preferable.
- PbO soot is a component for lowering the softening point of glass and enabling low-temperature firing.
- the amount of PbO is less than the lower limit, the softening point becomes too high, so that vitrification becomes difficult and it is difficult to erode the antireflection film, and it becomes difficult to obtain a good ohmic contact.
- the amount of PbO soot is more preferably 22 (mol%) or more, more preferably 62 (mol%) or less in a Li-containing system. That is, the range of 22 to 62 (mol%) is more preferable. Further, 32 (mol%) or more is more preferable, and a range of 32 to 62 (mol%) is particularly preferable. In the Li-free system, 55 (mol%) or more is more preferable, and 62 (mol%) or less is more preferable. That is, the range of 55 to 62 (mol%) is particularly preferable.
- B 2 O 3 is a glass-forming oxide (that is, a component that forms a glass skeleton), and is a component for lowering the softening point of glass.
- a Li-containing system is used. It is necessary that 1 to 18 (mol%) of B 2 O 3 is contained in a Li-free system.
- the amount of B 2 O 3 is less than the lower limit value, the softening point becomes too high, so that it is difficult to erode the antireflection film, and it becomes difficult to obtain a good ohmic contact, and the moisture resistance also decreases. .
- Voc decreases and the leakage current tends to increase.
- the amount of B 2 O 3 is more preferably 15 (mol%) or less in a Li-containing system. Further, 3 (mol%) or more is more preferable, and 12 (mol%) or less is more preferable. That is, the range of 3 to 12 (mol%) is particularly preferable. In the Li-free system, 3 (mol%) or more is more preferable, and 6 (mol%) or less is more preferable. That is, the range of 3 to 6 (mol%) is particularly preferable.
- SiO 2 is a glass-forming oxide, and is a component for increasing the chemical resistance of glass. In order to obtain good fire-through properties, 15 to 47 (mol%) in a Li-containing system, Li In the non-containing system, 20 to 40 (mol%) of SiO 2 is required to be contained. In either system, the glass formed with SiO 2 amount is insufficient chemical resistance is less than the lower limit becomes difficult, whereas, the anti-reflection film becomes difficult to vitrify too high softening point exceeds the upper limit value It becomes difficult to obtain good ohmic contact.
- the amount of SiO 2 is more preferably 20 (mol%) or more, and more preferably 41 (mol%) or less in a Li-containing system. That is, the range of 20 to 41 (mol%) is more preferable.
- 35 (mol%) or less is more preferable, and the range of 20 to 35 (mol%) is particularly preferable.
- 28 (mol%) or more is more preferable, and 34 (mol%) or less is more preferable. That is, the range of 28 to 34 (mol%) is particularly preferable.
- PbO and SiO 2 are not only within the above ranges, respectively, but also Pb / Si (mol ratio) may be within a range of 0.8 to 2.3 in a Li-containing system and 1.4 to 2.5 in a Li-free system. is necessary.
- Pb / Si molar ratio when the Pb / Si molar ratio is less than the lower limit value, the fire-through property is lowered, and the contact resistance between the light-receiving surface electrode and the n layer is increased.
- the Pb / Si molar ratio exceeds the upper limit value, the leakage current (diode current) Id increases remarkably, and in any case, the FF value decreases and sufficient output characteristics cannot be obtained.
- Pb / Si (mol ratio) is more preferably in the range of 1.7 to 2.3 in a Li-free system.
- Li 2 O is a component that lowers the softening point of the glass, and when it is contained in the range of 0.6 (mol%) or more and 18 (mol%) or less, good fire-through properties can be obtained. If Li 2 O is less than 0.6 (mol%), the softening point becomes too high and the erosion property to the antireflection film becomes insufficient. On the other hand, if it exceeds 18 (mol%), the erodibility becomes too strong, and the electrical characteristics deteriorate. Incidentally, Li is generally an impurity for semiconductors because it promotes diffusion, and Li tends to deteriorate the characteristics, so it is desirable to avoid it in semiconductor applications.
- the erodibility tends to be too strong and control tends to be difficult.
- an appropriate amount was included, thereby improving the fire-through property and improving the characteristics.
- Li is a donor element and can reduce contact resistance.
- the composition range of the glass capable of obtaining good fire-through properties was increased by adopting a composition containing Li.
- the amount of Li 2 O is more preferably 1 (mol%) or more, and further preferably 15 (mol%) or less. That is, the range of 1 to 15 (mol%) is particularly preferable.
- Li 2 O may not be included as described above. Since leakage current increases when Li diffuses into Si, it is desirable not to include Li 2 O from that viewpoint. Li is a donor element and has an effect of facilitating ohmic contact and expanding the composition range of the glass, but these may be improved by appropriately adjusting the composition.
- the glass contains at least one of Al 2 O 3 , TiO 2 and ZnO.
- the parallel resistance Rsh is improved, and the open circuit voltage Voc and the short circuit current Isc are further improved, so that higher electrical characteristics can be obtained. That is, the FF value is higher and the leakage current is further reduced.
- the amount of PbO can be reduced.
- these contents are the values in terms of oxides, Al 2 O 3 is 18 (mol%) or less, TiO 2 is 18 (mol%) or less, and ZnO is 30 (mol%) or less. is there.
- Al 2 O 3 is 5 (mol%) or less, TiO 2 is 10 (mol%) or less, and ZnO 2 is 10 (mol%) or less in terms of oxide. Since Al 2 O 3 , TiO 2 , and ZnO tend to increase the leakage current when they are excessive, it is preferable to set the above amount as the upper limit.
- the Al 2 O 3 is an effective component for obtaining the stability of the glass.
- the viscosity of the glass is lowered, and further, the series resistance Rs is lowered and the FF value is increased.
- tend to sintering temperature range is widened, because as described above and becomes excessive there is also effect of reducing rather the Voc with increasing leakage current, below 18 (mol%) in Li-containing systems, Li-free In the system, it is preferable to keep it at 5 (mol%) or less.
- TiO 2 tends to increase the FF value, but when added excessively, the softening point rises and tends to increase the contact resistance, and also has the effect of increasing the leakage current as described above. It is preferable to keep it at 18 (mol%) or less in the Li-containing system and 10 (mol%) or less in the Li-free system.
- the open circuit voltage Voc decreases when the content of ZnO becomes excessive, it is preferably kept at 30 (mol%) or less in a Li-containing system and 10 (mol%) or less in a Li-free system.
- the glass may contain 0.1 to 15 (mol%) Bi 2 O 3 in terms of oxide. That is, in order to make ohmic contact, it is necessary to increase the amount of Ag solid solution in the glass layer at the electrode-silicon interface, but Pb alone has a limit. By coexisting Pb and Bi, the amount of Ag solid solution is increased as compared with the prior art. Although Ag which has been dissolved in the glass during cooling at the time of firing is precipitated as Ag particles, that Bi is present, it will calm Ag deposition to changes in firing temperature, spread firing margin . Due to the above effects, the electrical characteristics are improved.
- Bi 2 O 3 amount Is suitably 15 (mol%) or less, more preferably 12 (mol%) or less.
- Bi 2 O 3 can be added regardless of whether it is a Li-containing system or a Li-free system.
- the glass has a Pb / Si (mol ratio) in the range of 0.8 to 2.3, 0.05 to 5.0 (mol%) SO 2 in terms of oxide, and 0.6 to 18 (mol%).
- the These glasses can also contain at least one of Al 2 O 3 of 18 (mol%) or less, TiO 2 of 18 (mol%) or less, and ZnO of 30 (mol%) or less in terms of oxide. .
- the glass has a Pb / Si (mol ratio) in the range of 1.4 to 2.5, 0.05 to 5.0 (mol%) of SO 2 in terms of oxide, and 50 to 70 (mol%) of PbO. 1 to 8 (mol%) B 2 O 3 , 20 to 40 (mol%) SiO 2 , and 0.1 to 15 (mol%) Bi 2 O 3 without Li 2 O More preferably, Pb / Si (mol ratio) is in the range of 1.7 to 2.3, 0.1 to 3.0 (mol%) of SO 2 in terms of oxide, and 55 to 62 (mol%) of PbO. And 3 to 6 (mol%) B 2 O 3 , 28 to 34 (mol%) SiO 2 , and 0.1 to 12 (mol%) Bi 2 O 3, and Li 2 O It is configured without.
- These glasses can also contain at least one of Al 2 O 3 of 5 (mol%) or less, TiO 2 of 10 (mol%) or less, and ZnO of 10 (mol%) or less in terms of oxide. .
- the glass contains 6.0 (mol%) or less of P 2 O 5 in terms of oxide.
- P contained in the glass diffuses to the electrode-substrate interface and the donor concentration at the interface is increased, so that the lack of donor element concentration in the shallow emitter is compensated, and the gap between the electrode and the substrate is compensated.
- an ohmic contact can be easily obtained.
- the thickness of the antireflection film made of Si 3 N 4 is set to about 80 (nm), and the amount of erosion caused by the electrode is in the range of 80 to 90 (nm). It is desirable to control, that is, control with an accuracy of 10 (nm). According to the present invention, since the glass contains SO 2 , the erosion amount control is facilitated, but when the donor element concentration is compensated as described above, even if the erosion is slightly excessive to ensure conduction. Since the decrease in output due to excessive erosion is suppressed, ohmic contact can be easily obtained.
- the glass frit has an average particle diameter (D50) of 0.3 to 3.0 ( ⁇ m). If the average particle size of the glass frit is too small, melting will be too early when the electrode is baked, resulting in a decrease in electrical characteristics. . In addition, since agglomeration is unlikely to occur, better dispersibility can be obtained during paste preparation. Also, the dispersibility of the whole powder is lowered when the average particle size of the glass frit is significantly larger than the average particle size of the conductive powder, but a better dispersibility can be obtained when it is 3.0 ( ⁇ m) or less. Moreover, a further meltability of the glass can be obtained. Therefore, the average particle diameter is preferable for obtaining a better ohmic contact.
- D50 average particle diameter
- the average particle size of the glass frit is a value obtained by the air permeation method.
- the air permeation method is a method for measuring the specific surface area of a powder from the permeability of a fluid (for example, air) soot to the powder layer.
- the basis of this measurement method is the Kozeny-Carmann equation, which shows the relationship between the wetted surface area of all particles making up the powder layer and the flow velocity and pressure drop of the fluid passing therethrough.
- the specific surface area of the sample is obtained by measuring the flow velocity and pressure drop with respect to the powder layer filled under the conditions determined by the above.
- the gap between the filled powder particles is regarded as pores, and the wetted surface area of the particles that resists the flow of air is determined.
- the value is smaller than the specific surface area determined by the gas adsorption method. Show. An average particle diameter assuming powder particles can be calculated from the obtained specific surface area and particle density.
- the conductive powder is a silver powder having an average particle diameter (D50) of 0.3 to 3.0 ( ⁇ m).
- D50 average particle diameter
- copper powder, nickel powder, etc. can be used as the conductive powder, silver powder is most preferable in order to obtain high conductivity.
- the average particle size of the silver powder is 3.0 ( ⁇ m) or less, better dispersibility can be obtained, and thus higher conductivity can be obtained.
- it is 0.3 ( ⁇ m) or more, aggregation is suppressed and better dispersibility can be obtained. Since silver powder of less than 0.3 ( ⁇ m) is extremely expensive, 0.3 ( ⁇ m) or more is preferable from the viewpoint of manufacturing cost. Further, if the average particle diameter of both the conductive powder and the glass frit is 3.0 ( ⁇ m) or less, there is an advantage that clogging hardly occurs even when the electrode is printed by a fine line pattern.
- the silver powder is not particularly limited, and enjoys the basic effect of the present invention that thinning can be achieved while maintaining conductivity even when a powder of any shape such as a spherical shape or a scale shape is used. Can do.
- the spherical powder when used, the printability is excellent and the filling rate of the silver powder in the coating film is increased, so that, together with the use of highly conductive silver, other shapes such as scales are used.
- generated from the coating film becomes high. Therefore, it is particularly preferable because the line width can be further reduced while ensuring the necessary conductivity.
- the conductive paste composition for solar cell has a viscosity ratio (that is, [10 (rpm) within a range of 150 to 250 (Pa ⁇ s) at 25 (° C.) to ⁇ 20 (rpm) ) Viscosity at] / [Viscosity at 100 (rpm)]) is 3-8.
- a paste having such a viscosity characteristic the viscosity is suitably reduced during squeezing and transmitted through the screen mesh. After the transmission, the viscosity returns to a high viscosity and the expansion of the printing width is suppressed.
- a fine line pattern can be easily obtained while maintaining the printability such that clogging does not occur and clogging does not occur.
- the viscosity of the paste composition is more preferably in the range of 200 to 220 (Pa ⁇ s), and the viscosity ratio is more preferably in the range of 3.2 to 6.5.
- a viscosity ratio of 4 to 6 mm is desirable for thinning a design line width of 100 ( ⁇ m) or less.
- increasing the film thickness so that the cross-sectional area can be maintained even if the line width is reduced includes, for example, increasing the emulsion thickness of the printing plate, increasing the tension, and reducing the line diameter. It is also possible to widen the aperture. However, when the emulsion thickness is increased, the separation of the plate is deteriorated, so that the stability of the printed pattern shape cannot be obtained. In addition, when the tension is increased or the wire diameter is reduced, the screen mesh is easily stretched, so that it is difficult to maintain the dimensional and shape accuracy and the durability of the printing plate making is lowered. In addition, since it is provided with a large width, a bus bar that is unnecessary to increase the film thickness is also increased, resulting in a problem of waste of material.
- the conductive paste composition for a solar cell includes the conductive powder in a proportion of 64 to 90 parts by weight and the vehicle in a range of 3 to 20 parts by weight. In this way, a paste composition can be obtained that can easily form an electrode having good printability, thin line width, and high conductivity.
- the conductive paste composition contains the glass frit in a range of 1 to 10 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the conductive powder. If it is contained in an amount of 1 part by weight or more, sufficient erodibility (fire-through property) can be obtained, so that a good ohmic contact can be obtained. Further, if it is kept at 10 parts by weight or less, it is difficult to form an insulating layer, and sufficient conductivity can be obtained.
- the amount of glass with respect to 100 parts by weight of the conductive powder is more preferably 1 to 8 parts by weight, and more preferably 1 to 7 parts by weight.
- the conductive composition of the present invention can be suitably used for the light-receiving surface electrode because it can suitably control the diffusion of silver during the electrode formation by fire-through as described above.
- the glass frit can be synthesized from various raw materials that can be vitrified within the composition range, and examples thereof include oxides, carbonates, nitrates, etc.
- the Si source include silicon dioxide SiO 2. and as the B source of boron oxide B 2 O 3 or boric acid H 3 BO 3, red lead Pb 3 O 4 as a Pb source, as the S source may use ammonium sulfate (NH 4) 2 SO 4.
- lithium carbonate Li 2 CO 3 can be used as the Li source
- ammonium dihydrogen phosphate NH 4 H 2 PO 4 can be used as the P source
- bismuth oxide Bi 2 O 3 can be used as the Bi source.
- the glass constituting the conductive paste of the present invention may contain other various glass components and additives as long as the properties are not impaired.
- Na, Ca, Mg, K, Ba, Sr, etc. may be contained. These may be included within a total range of 30 (mol%) or less, for example.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically showing a cross-sectional structure of a silicon-based solar cell 10 to which a conductive composition according to an embodiment of the present invention is applied.
- a solar cell 10 includes a silicon substrate 12 which is, for example, a p-type polycrystalline semiconductor, an n layer 14 and a p + layer 16 respectively formed on the upper and lower surfaces thereof, and a reflection formed on the n layer 14.
- a prevention film 18 and a light-receiving surface electrode 20 and a back electrode 22 formed on the p + layer 16 are provided.
- the thickness dimension of the silicon substrate 12 is, for example, about 100 to 200 ( ⁇ m).
- the n layer 14 and the p + layer 16 are provided by forming layers having a high impurity concentration on the upper and lower surfaces of the silicon substrate 12, and the thickness dimension of the high concentration layer is, for example, 70% for the n layer 14.
- the p + layer 16 is about 500 (nm), for example, about ⁇ 100 (nm).
- the n layer 14 is about 100 to 200 (nm) in a general silicon solar cell, but is thinner than that in the present embodiment, and has a structure called a shallow emitter.
- the impurity contained in the n layer 14 is an n-type dopant such as phosphorus (P), and the impurity contained in the p + layer 16 is a p-type dopant such as aluminum (Al) or boron (B). .
- the antireflection film 18 is a thin film made of, for example, silicon nitride Si 3 N 4 , and is provided with an optical thickness of about 1 ⁇ 4 of the visible light wavelength, for example, about 80 (nm). Less than 10 (%), for example, a very low reflectivity of about 2 (%), for example.
- the light receiving surface electrode 20 is made of, for example, a thick film conductor having a uniform thickness. As shown in FIG. 2, the light receiving surface electrode 20 is a comb having a large number of thin line portions substantially on the entire surface of the light receiving surface 24. Are provided in a planar shape.
- the above thick film conductor is made of thick film silver containing 1 to 10 parts by weight of glass with respect to 100 parts by weight of Ag, for example, 6.0 parts by weight.
- B 2 O 3 in the range of 1 to 18 (mol%), for example, about 6.0 (mol%)
- SiO 2 in the range of 15 to 47 in the range of (mol%), for example 28.0 (mol%) or so, in the range of Al 2 O 3 and 0 ⁇ 18 (mol%), for example, 6.0 (mol%) or so, the Li 2 O 0.6 ⁇ 18 (mol % ),
- PbO and SiO 2 are contained so that the Pb / Si molar ratio is in the range of 0.8 to 2.3, for example, about 1.61.
- the glass may further contain Bi 2 O 3 in the range of 0.1 to 15 (mol%), preferably 0.1 to 12 (mol%) in terms of oxide.
- glass that does not contain Li in place of the above glass.
- Its glass composition in this case in terms of the values oxide, in the range of 50 ⁇ 70 (mol%) of PbO, for example, 60 (mol%) or so, in the range of B 2 O 3 and 1 ⁇ 8 (mol%)
- SiO 2 in the range of 20 to 40 (mol%), for example, about 28.0 (mol%)
- Al 2 O 3 in the range of 0 to 5 (mol%), for example 1.0 ( mol%) or so
- the range of the ZnO 0 ⁇ 10 (mol%) for example, 0 (mol%)
- a ZrO 2 0 in the range of ⁇ 1.0 (mol%), for example, 0 (mol%)
- the P 2 O 5 in the range of 0 ⁇ 6 (mol%), for example, 2.0 (mol%) of about, SO 2 and 0.05 ⁇
- PbO and SiO 2 are contained so that the Pb / Si molar ratio is in the range of 1.4 to 2.5, for example, about 2.14.
- the glass may further contain Bi 2 O 3 in the range of 0.1 to 15 (mol%), preferably 0.1 to 12 (mol%) in terms of oxide.
- the thickness dimension of the conductor layer is, for example, in the range of 20 to 30 ( ⁇ m), for example, about 25 ( ⁇ m), and the width dimension of each thin wire portion is in the range of, for example, 80 to 130 ( ⁇ m), for example, It is about 100 ( ⁇ m) and has sufficiently high conductivity.
- the back electrode 22 is formed by applying a full-surface electrode 26 formed by applying a thick film material containing aluminum as a conductor component on the p + layer 16 over almost the entire surface, and a strip-like application on the full-surface electrode 26.
- the band-shaped electrode 28 made of thick film silver is formed.
- the belt-like electrode 28 is provided in order to make it possible to solder a conducting wire or the like to the back electrode 22.
- the light-receiving surface electrode 20 as described above is formed by a well-known fire-through method using an electrode paste made of, for example, conductor powder, glass frit, vehicle, and solvent.
- An example of the manufacturing method of the solar cell 10 including the formation of the light receiving surface electrode will be described below.
- the glass frit is produced.
- boric acid H 3 BO 3 can also be used as the B source. This is put into a crucible, melted at a temperature in the range of 900 to 1200 (° C) according to the composition for about 30 minutes to 1 hour, and rapidly cooled to be vitrified. This glass is pulverized using an appropriate pulverizing apparatus such as a planetary mill or a ball mill.
- the average particle size (D50) after pulverization is, for example, in the range of about 0.3 to 3.0 ( ⁇ m), for example, about 1.5 ( ⁇ m).
- the average particle diameter of the said glass powder is computed using the air permeation method.
- the conductor powder for example, a commercially available spherical silver powder having an average particle diameter (D50) of 0.3 to 3.0 ( ⁇ m), for example, an average particle diameter of about 1.6 ( ⁇ m) is prepared.
- D50 average particle diameter
- the vehicle is prepared by dissolving an organic binder in an organic solvent.
- butyl carbitol acetate is used as the organic solvent
- ethyl cellulose is used as the organic binder.
- the ratio of ethyl cellulose in the vehicle is, for example, about 15 (wt%)%.
- a solvent added separately from the vehicle is, for example, butyl carbitol acetate. That is, although it is not limited to this, the same solvent as that used for the vehicle may be used. This solvent is added for the purpose of adjusting the viscosity of the paste.
- the paste materials above for example, conductor powder in the range of 77-90 (wt%) ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ , glass frit in the range of 1-8 (wt%), vehicle in the range of 5-14 (wt%) Among them, the solvent is weighed at a ratio in the range of 3 to 5 (wt%), mixed using a stirrer or the like, and then subjected to a dispersion treatment using, for example, a three-roll mill. Thereby, the electrode paste is obtained.
- the n layer 14 and the p + layer are diffused or implanted into an appropriate silicon substrate by a well-known method such as a thermal diffusion method or ion plantation.
- a silicon substrate 12 is produced.
- a silicon nitride thin film is formed thereon by an appropriate method such as PE-CVD (plasma CVD), and the antireflection film 18 is provided.
- the electrode paste is screen-printed on the antireflection film 18 with the pattern shown in FIG. This is dried, for example, at 150 (° C.), and further subjected to a baking treatment at a temperature in the range of 700 to 900 (° C.) in a near infrared furnace.
- the glass component in the electrode paste melts the antireflection film 18 in the firing process, and the electrode paste breaks the antireflection film 18, so that the conductor component in the electrode paste, that is, silver and the n layer 14 Electrical connection is obtained, and an ohmic contact between the silicon substrate 12 and the light-receiving surface electrode 20 is obtained as shown in FIG.
- the light receiving surface electrode 20 is formed in this way.
- the light-receiving surface electrode 20 is provided by the fire-through method as described above, but the light-receiving surface electrode 20 contains 0.05 to 5.0 (mol%) SO 2 as described above.
- the thick film silver paste is made of an alkali such as Li, Na and K as shown in the above composition. Without increasing the amount of metal or changing the composition, the viscosity when the glass is softened can be reduced while maintaining suitable erodibility. For this reason, a uniform thin glass layer (not shown) is formed at the interface between the light-receiving surface electrode 20 and the n-layer 14, so that the solar cell 10 having excellent electrical characteristics can be obtained.
- the light receiving surface electrode 20 is made of glass containing SO 2 as described above. Therefore, when the glass is softened when fired for fire-through, the surface tension is lowered. The glass component is rapidly supplied to the electrode 20-substrate 12 interface. Therefore, since the thin glass layer as described above is formed at the interface between them, the penetration amount of the thick film silver can be easily controlled during the fire-through, and the ohmic contact can be easily obtained.
- the light receiving surface electrode 20 of this embodiment has high conductivity since the glass amount is as small as about 6.0 parts by weight as described above, both the film thickness and the line width are small. Although the line resistance is low, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell 10 is enhanced in combination with the low contact resistance.
- the said back surface electrode 22 may be formed after the said process, it can also be formed by baking simultaneously with the light-receiving surface electrode 20.
- FIG. When the back electrode 22 is formed, the entire surface electrode 26 made of a thick aluminum film is formed by applying, for example, an aluminum paste to the entire back surface of the silicon substrate 12 by screen printing or the like and performing a baking process. Further, the strip electrode 28 is formed by applying the electrode paste on the surface of the entire surface electrode 26 in a strip shape using a screen printing method or the like and performing a baking treatment. Thereby, the back electrode 22 which consists of the full surface electrode 26 which covers the whole back surface, and the strip
- the result of manufacturing and evaluating the solar cell 10 according to the above manufacturing process with various changes in the glass composition will be described.
- the output was measured using the commercially available solar simulator, and the fill factor FF value and the leakage current Id were obtained.
- the lead wire was soldered to the light-receiving surface electrode 20, and the adhesive strength was measured.
- the measurement of adhesive strength was performed by pulling and peeling the lead wire at an angle of 135 ° using a commercially available tensile tester, and the average value of the tensile load at the time of peeling was defined as the adhesive strength.
- the evaluation results are shown in Tables 1 to 3 together with the glass composition. Nos.
- the FF value is a determination as to whether or not a good ohmic contact is obtained. In general, a solar cell can be used if the FF value is 70 or more. In the examples, those having an FF value greater than 75 were considered acceptable.
- the leakage current Id is preferably low, which is a criterion for determining whether or not an electrode has entered the pn junction.
- the leakage current Id is a numerical value at 10 (V), and 0.1 (A) or less is ⁇ , 0.2 (A) or less is ⁇ , 0.5 (A) or less is ⁇ , and 0.5 (A) is more than ⁇ .
- Each sample was prepared using spherical Ag powder having an average particle size of 1.6 ( ⁇ m) and glass frit having an average particle size of 1.5 ( ⁇ m).
- the mixing ratio is based on Ag powder 83 (wt%), glass frit 5 (wt%), vehicle 7 (wt%), solvent 5 (wt%), and 25 (°C)-
- the amount of vehicle and the amount of solvent were adjusted as appropriate so that the viscosity at 20 (rpm) ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ was 200 to 220 (Pa ⁇ s).
- the printing plate making for forming the light-receiving surface electrode 20 was made by providing a 20 ( ⁇ m) thick emulsion on a SUS325 screen mesh having a wire diameter of 23 ( ⁇ m). The printing conditions were set so that the width of the grid line would be 80 ( ⁇ m).
- the sheet resistance of the substrate was evaluated using 90 ⁇ 10 ( ⁇ / ⁇ ).
- PbO—B 2 O 3 —SiO 2 constituting the basic skeleton is replaced with Al 2 O 3 , Li 2 O, TiO 2 , ZnO, ZrO 2 , P 2 O 5 , SO 10-component system of PbO—B 2 O 3 —SiO 2 —Al 2 O 3 —Li 2 O—TiO 2 —ZnO—ZrO 2 —P 2 O 5 —SO 2 to which 2 is added, and at least 6-component to 9-component glasses lacking one element are shown.
- an adhesion strength of 3 (N) or more was obtained when SO 2 was 0.05 (mol%) or more. From this evaluation result, it is understood that when the SO 2 is in the range of 0.05 to 5.0 (mol%), the light receiving surface electrode 20 having excellent output characteristics and high adhesive strength can be obtained. From the viewpoint of each characteristic, it is considered that the SO 2 amount is particularly preferably in the range of 0.5 to 2.5 (mol%).
- Nos. 9 to 11 examine the amount of P in the 6 to 8 component system lacking Zr.
- Pb / Si is 1.27 ⁇ 1.31
- PbO is 38.0 ⁇ 41.9 (mol%)
- B 2 O 3 is 6.0 ⁇ 8.1 (mol%)
- SiO 2 is 30.0 ⁇ 32.1 (mol%)
- Al 2 O 3 is 0-3.0 (mol%)
- ZnO 0-5.0 (mol%) SO 2 0.5-1.0 (mol%)
- P 2 O 5 was set to 0 to 7.5 (mol%)
- an FF value of 75 or more and a leakage current Id of 0.5 (A) or less were obtained when the P amount was 6.0 (mol%) or less.
- Nos. 12-23 examined the Pb content, Si content, and Pb / Si ratio.
- Pb / Si 0.75 to 2.32, PbO 16.0 to 65.0 (mol%), B 2 O 3 4.0 to 18.0 (mol%), SiO 2 17.0 to 50.0 (mol%), Al 2 O 3 0 to 3.0 (mol%), Li 2 O 1.0-12.0 (mol%), TiO 2 0-6.0 (mol%), ZnO 0-30.0 (mol%), ZrO 2 0-0.5 (mol%), P 2 O 5 was evaluated in the composition range of 0.5 to 1.0 (mol%) and SO 2 in the range of 0.5 to 1.0 (mol%).
- Pb / Si 0.75 or 2.32, the FF value is 73 to 74, and the characteristics remain insufficient.
- the leakage current Id is also not very preferable at 0.5 (A) or less. Further, when the Pb amount is 16 (mol%), the FF value is as low as 68, and the leak current Id is as large as 0.5 (A) or more. When the amount of Pb is 65 (mol%), the FF value is as low as 73. Further, when the Si amount is 50 (mol%), the FF value is as low as 72, and the leakage current Id is also less than 0.5 (A). Accordingly, it can be said that the Pb content is preferably 18 to 64 (mol%), the Si content is 47 (mol%) or less, and the Pb / Si ratio is preferably 0.8 to 2.3.
- Nos. 24 to 29 are for examining the amount of B.
- Pb / Si is 1.00 ⁇ 1.89
- PbO is 20.0 ⁇ 64.0 (mol%)
- SiO 2 is 15.0 ⁇ 36.4 (mol%)
- Al 2 O 3 is 0 ⁇ 3.0 (mol%)
- TiO 2 is 0 to 3.0 (mol%)
- ZnO is 0 to 26.5 (mol%)
- ZrO 2 is 0 to 0.5 (mol%)
- P 2 O 5 is 0.5 to 2.0 (mol%)
- SO In the composition range where 2 is 0.1 to 0.5 (mol%)
- B 2 O 3 was evaluated as 0 to 21.0 (mol%).
- the FF value is as low as 73, and the leakage current Id is 0.5 (A) or less, which is insufficient. Further, when the amount of B is 21 (mol%), the FF value is 72 and the leakage current Id is 0.5 (A) or more, which is insufficient. From this result, it can be said that the amount of B is preferably in the range of 1 to 18 (mol%). Note that even if the Si amount is 15 (mol%), the FF value is as high as 75, and it is considered that the Si amount is 15 (mol%) or more.
- No.30 ⁇ 32 is, Al, Ti, which was considered an acceptable range of Zn, Pb / Si is 0.75 ⁇ 2.18, PbO is 35.0 ⁇ 48.0 (mol%), B 2 O 3 is 4.0 (mol%), SiO 2 is 20.0 to 22.0 (mol%), Al 2 O 3 is 3.0 to 18.0 (mol%), Li 2 O is 6.0 to 12.0 (mol%), TiO 2 is 0 to 18.0 (mol%), and ZnO is 0 Evaluation was performed in a composition range of ⁇ 30.0 (mol%), ZrO 2 of 0 to 0.5 (mol%), P 2 O 5 of 1.0 (mol%), and SO 2 of 0.5 to 1.0 (mol%).
- Nos. 33 to 44 are examples of the optimum composition range.
- Nos. 33 to 36 are Pb / Si 1.19 to 2.27, PbO 38.0 (mol%), B 2 O 3 6.0 to 8.0 (mol%), SiO 2 30.0 to 32.0 (mol%), Al 2 O 3 is 0 to 3.0 (mol%), Li 2 O is 12.0 (mol%), TiO 2 is 3.0 (mol%), ZnO is 2.5 to 5.0 (mol%), ZrO 2 is 0 to 0.5 (mol%) ), A composition range in which P 2 O 5 is 0 to 1.0 (mol%) and SO 2 is 2.5 (mol%) is evaluated. That is, the optimum composition when Li was 12.0 (mol%) was examined.
- a composition lacking P and a composition lacking Al have an FF value of 77 or more, a leakage current Id of 0.2 (A) or less, and an adhesive strength of 6 ( N) Extremely high characteristics are obtained.
- Nos. 37 to 41 are Pb / Si 1.65 to 1.83, PbO 38.0 to 47.0 (mol%), B 2 O 3 6.0 (mol%), SiO 2 23.0 to 28.0 (mol) in a system lacking Ti. %), Al 2 O 3 is 6.0 to 8.0 (mol%), Li 2 O is 6.0 (mol%), ZnO is 5 to 15.0 (mol%), ZrO 2 is 0.5 (mol%), and P 2 O 5 is The composition range of 2.0 (mol%) and SO 2 of 1.5 (mol%) was evaluated. That is, the optimum composition was examined when Li was 6.0 (mol%). Even with a composition lacking Ti, extremely high characteristics such as an FF value of 77 or more, a leakage current Id of 0.2 (A) or less, and an adhesive strength of 5 (N) or more are obtained.
- No. 45 and 46 are compositions with a Li content of 1.0 (mol%) and evaluated the upper limit of the amount of S and the system without P. According to No. 45%, a high characteristic was obtained with an FF value of 75, a leak current Id of 0.2 (A) or less, and an adhesive strength of 6 (N) even when S was 5.0 (mol%). Also, according to No.46, there is no problem even in a system lacking both Ti and P, and a sufficiently high characteristic with an FF value of 76, a leakage current Id of 0.2 (A) or less, and an adhesive strength of 4 (N) is obtained. It has been.
- Nos. 47 to 51 in Table 2 are for examining an appropriate range of Li content in a system lacking Zr.
- Pb / Si is 1.27 ⁇ 1.37
- PbO is 38.0 ⁇ 56.0 (mol%)
- B 2 O 3 is 1.0 ⁇ 6.0 (mol%)
- SiO 2 is 30.0 ⁇ 41.0 (mol%)
- Al 2 O 3 is 0-3.0 (mol%)
- ZnO 0-7.4 (mol%) P 2 O 5 0.5-1.0 (mol%)
- SO 2 was evaluated in a composition range of 0.5 to 1.0 (mol%).
- Nos. 52 to 65 further appropriate amounts of each component were examined.
- the No.52 ⁇ 54 which was considered the upper limit of the B content, Pb / Si is 1.43 ⁇ 2.10, PbO is 40.0 ⁇ 42.0 (mol%), B 2 O 3 is 12.0 ⁇ 15.0 (mol%), SiO 2 Is 20.0 to 28.0 (mol%), Al 2 O 3 is 1.0 to 4.0 (mol%), Li 2 O is 3.0 to 12.0 (mol%), TiO 2 is 0 to 3.0 (mol%), ZnO is 0 to 14.5 (mol%), ZrO 2 is 0.5 (mol%), P 2 O 5 is 1.0 to 2.0 (mol%), SO 2 is 0.5 to 1.5 (mol%), and the leakage current Id is 0.2 (A) The following good results were obtained.
- the amount of B is 12.0 (mol%)
- the FF value is 77 or more and the adhesive strength is 5 (N). That is, the amount of B is allowed up to 18.0 (mol%), but is preferably 15.0 (mol%) or less, and more preferably 12.0 (mol%) or less.
- Nos. 62 to 65 are studies on the upper limit of the Al amount in a composition lacking Ti.
- Pb / Si is 1.65
- PbO is 38.0 (mol%)
- B 2 O 3 is 4.0 ⁇ 8.0 (mol%)
- SiO 2 is 23.0 (mol%)
- Al 2 O 3 is 12.0 ⁇ 21.0 (mol%)
- Li 2 O is 12.0 (mol%)
- ZnO is 0 ⁇ 5.0 (mol%)
- ZrO 2 is 0.5 (mol%)
- P 2 O 5 is 1.0 (mol%)
- SO 2 is the composition range of 0.5 (mol%)
- Nos. 66-69 are for examining the upper limit of Ti content.
- Pb / Si is 1.52 ⁇ 1.54, PbO is 37.0 ⁇ 38.0 (mol%), B 2 O 3 is 4.0 ⁇ 6.0 (mol%), SiO 2 is 24.0 ⁇ 25.0 (mol%), Al 2 O 3 is 0-3.0 (mol%), Li 2 O 12.0 (mol%), TiO 2 12.0-21.0 (mol%), ZnO 0-2.0 (mol%), ZrO 2 0.5 (mol%), P 2 O 5 1.0 (mol%), where SO 2 was evaluated in the composition range of 0.5 (mol%), 18 ( mol%) until the resulting 75 or more FF values, 21 to become the FF value (mol%) is 73 Stayed in. Therefore, the amount of Ti is suitably 18 (mol%) or less. Moreover, since the tendency for FF value to fall is recognized, so that Ti amount also increases, it is thought that the one where Ti amount is also small is preferable.
- No. 70 confirmed the lower limit of S in a system lacking P. In this case, it was also confirmed that a content of 0.1 (mol%) was sufficient. Nos. 71 to 73 are optimum compositions near the lower limit of the Li content in a system lacking TiO 2 and ZnO.
- Pb / Si is 1.98 to 2.21, PbO is 59.5 to 62.0 (mol%), and B 2 O 3 is 4.0 ⁇ 5.0 (mol%), SiO 2 is 28.0 ⁇ 30.0 (mol%), Al 2 O 3 is 0.5 ⁇ 3.0 (mol%), Li 2 O is 1.0 (mol%), ZrO 2 is 0 ⁇ 0.5 (mol %), P 2 O 5 is 0 to 2.0 (mol%), SO 2 is 1.0 to 2.0 (mol%), the FF value is 77, the leakage current Id is 0.2 (A) or less, and the adhesive strength is 5 (N) The above good results were obtained. According to No. 74, when ZnO is 35.0 (mol%), the FF value is lowered to 74, and the characteristics cannot be obtained. Together with the result of No. 30, the amount of ZnO needs to be kept at 30 (mol%) or less.
- the optimum composition is No. 33 to 44, No. 53 to 62, etc. with a circle in the No. column, Pb / Si is 0.80 to 2.30, and Pb is 22.0 to 48.0 (mol%).
- B is 3.0 to 12.0 (mol%)
- Si is 22.0 to 35.0 (mol%)
- Al is 0 to 12.0 (mol%)
- Li is 1.0 to 12.0 (mol%)
- Ti is 0 to 3.0 (mol%)
- Zn ranges from 0 to 15.5 (mol%)
- Zr ranges from 0 to 0.5 (mol%)
- P ranges from 0 to 4.0 (mol%)
- S ranges from 0.5 to 3.0 (mol%).
- extremely high characteristics with an FF value of 77 or more, a leakage current Id of 0.5 (A) or less, and an adhesive strength of 4 (N) or more can be obtained.
- the Pb / Si ratio is 0.8-2.3
- Pb is 18-64 (mol%)
- B is 1-18 (mol%)
- Si is 15-47 (mol%)
- Li is preferably in the range of 0.6 to 18 (mol%)
- S is in the range of 0.05 to 5.0 (mol%).
- Al is 18 (mol%) or less
- Ti is 18 (mol%) or less
- Zr at 0.5 (mol%) or less.
- Nos. 83 to 87 were examined for Pb content, Si content, and Pb / Si ratio in a system lacking Al and Zr.
- Pb / Si was 1.35 to 2.77
- PbO was 48.0 to 72.0 (mol%)
- B 2 O 3 is 1.0-4.0 (mol%)
- SiO 2 is 26.0-37.0 (mol%)
- TiO 2 is 0-3.0 (mol%)
- ZnO is 0-8.0 (mol%)
- P 2 O 5 is 0.5 Evaluation was made in the composition range of ⁇ 1.0 (mol%) and SO 2 of 0.5 to 1.0 (mol%).
- No. 83 has a high Pb of 72 (mol%), a large Pb / Si ratio of 2.77, and an FF value of 73.
- the leakage current Id is also 0.5 (A) or less.
- No. 86 has a small Pb / Si ratio of 1.35 and an FF value of 73.
- No. 87 has a low Pb of 48 (mol%), a low Pb / Si ratio of 1.37, and an FF value of 74.
- Nos. 84 and 85 having a Pb / Si ratio of 1.43 to 2.50 and a Pb amount of 50 to 70 (mol%) have a sufficiently large FF value of 75. From these results, it is preferable that the Pb / Si ratio is 1.4 to 2.5 and the Pb amount is 50 to 70 (mol%).
- No.88 ⁇ 91 in system lacks Zr, obtained by considering the amount of Si, Pb / Si is 1.33 ⁇ 2.78, PbO is 50.0 ⁇ 58.0 (mol%), B 2 O 3 is 1.0 ⁇ 8.0 (mol% ), SiO 2 is 18.0 to 42.0 (mol%), Al 2 O 3 is 0 to 3.0 (mol%), TiO 2 is 0 to 9.0 (mol%), ZnO is 0 to 10.0 (mol%), P 2 O Evaluation was made in a composition range of 5 to 0.5 to 1.0 (mol%) and SO 2 to 0.5 to 1.0 (mol%).
- No.88 with Si (42 mol%) has a small FF value of 70, and No.91 with Si of 18 (mol%) also has a small FF value of 72, but Si has a No of 20 to 40 (mol%). .89 and 90 have a sufficient FF value of 75. From this result, the Si amount is preferably in the range of 20 to 40 (mol%).
- Nos. 92 to 94 were studied for the amount of B in a system lacking Al and Zr.
- Pb / Si was 2.00 to 2.41, PbO was 50.0 to 70.0 (mol%), and B 2 O 3 was 0 to 10.0 ( mol%), SiO 2 is 25.0 ⁇ 29.0 (mol%), TiO 2 is 0 ⁇ 9.0 (mol%), ZnO is 0 ⁇ 6.0 (mol%), P 2 O 5 is 0.5 ⁇ 1.0 (mol%), SO 2 was evaluated in the composition range of 0.5 to 1.0 (mol%).
- the FF value was as low as 70 and the leakage current Id was as large as 0.5 (A) or more.
- the leakage current Id was as large as 0.5 (A) or more.
- the FF value is as low as 71, both of which are insufficient.
- the FF value was sufficiently high as 75, and the leakage current Id remained below 0.2 (A).
- the B content is preferably 1 to 8.0 (mol%).
- Nos. 99 to 111 and 113 are considered to be optimum composition ranges. Of these, Nos. 99 to 104 were examined for Pb / Si ratio, Pb amount, and Si amount.
- Pb / Si was 1.76 to 2.18
- PbO was 57.0 to 61.0 (mol%)
- B 2 O 3 was 3.0 ⁇ 4.0 (mol%)
- SiO 2 is 28.0 ⁇ 33.0 (mol%)
- Al 2 O 3 is 0 ⁇ 1.0 (mol%)
- TiO 2 is 0 ⁇ 5.0 (mol%)
- ZnO is 0 ⁇ 2.0 (mol %)
- ZrO 2 was evaluated in the composition range of 0 to 1.0 (mol%)
- P 2 O 5 was 1.0 to 2.0 (mol%)
- SO 2 was 1.5 to 3.0 (mol%).
- the amount of Pb is preferably 57.0 to 61.0 (mol%), the amount of Si is preferably 28.0 to 33.0 (mol%), and Pb / Si is preferably 2.18 or less.
- No.105 ⁇ 107 in the system lacks the Zn and Zr, obtained by considering the amount of B, Pb / Si is 1.93 ⁇ 2.07, PbO is 58.0 ⁇ 60.0 (mol%), B 2 O 3 is 6.0 (mol% ), SiO 2 is 28.0 to 30.0 (mol%), Al 2 O 3 is 0 to 1.0 (mol%), TiO 2 is 2.0 (mol%), P 2 O 5 is 2.0 (mol%), SO 2 is 1.0 The composition range was (mol%). In these composition ranges, extremely high results were obtained with an FF value of 78, a leakage current Id of 0.2 (A) or less, and an adhesive strength of 5 (N). In particular, in Nos.
- the leakage current Id remains at 0.1 (A) or less, and therefore the composition containing Al is considered to be preferable.
- the B content is preferably 6.0 (mol%) or less.
- Nos. 108 to 113 were examined for the amount of Al and P in a system lacking Ti.
- P 2 O 5 was evaluated in the composition range of 1.0 to 4.0 (mol%) and SO 2 was 1.0 to 3.0 (mol%).
- extremely high results were obtained with an FF value of 77 or more, a leakage current Id of 0.2 (A) or less, and an adhesive strength of 5 (N) or more.
- the FF value is a sufficiently high value of 75.
- the amount of Al is preferably 3.0 (mol%) or less.
- No. 113 has a relatively high P content of 4.0 (mol%), but extremely high properties are obtained up to this level, and is the optimum composition range.
- the Pb / Si ratio is 1.4 to 2.5%
- Pb is 50 to 70 (mol%)
- B is 1.0 to 8.0 (mol%)
- Si is 20.0 to 40.0
- S is 0.05.
- the range of ⁇ 5.0 (mol%) is preferable, and for optional components, Al is 5.0 (mol%) or less, Ti is 10.0 (mol%) or less, Zn is 10.0 (mol%) or less, Zr is 1.0 (mol%)
- Sample Nos. 114 to 127 in Table 4 are cases in which Bi 2 O 3 is included as the glass composition of the conductive paste composition when forming the light-receiving surface electrode 20, and the glass is more glass than the samples in Tables 1 to 3 above. The only difference is the composition, and other conditions such as the particle size, mixing ratio, and manufacturing method of the glass frit are the same.
- Samples Nos. 114 to 120 are Li-containing systems. Specifically, Al 2 O 3 , Li 2 O, P 2 O 5 , Bi 2 O 3 and SO 2 are added to PbO-B 2 O 3 —SiO 2.
- Nos. 114 to 127 in Table 4 are examinations of the allowable range of Bi amount.
- Bi amount in order to make an ohmic contact, it is necessary to increase the amount of Ag solid solution in the glass layer at the electrode-silicon interface, but there is a limit with Pb alone, and by coexistence of Pb and Bi, Ag solid solution can be obtained.
- the amount of solution increases.
- Ag dissolved in the glass during the temperature drop at the time of firing precipitates as Ag fine particles, but the presence of Bi makes the Ag precipitation gentle to changes in the firing temperature and widens the firing margin. . Due to the above effects, the electrical characteristics are improved, and an FF value of 75 or more, which is acceptable for both Li-containing and Li-free systems, is obtained.
- Bi 2 O 3 amount Is suitably 15 (mol%) or less, more preferably 12 (mol%) or less.
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Abstract
Description
Claims (9)
- 導電性粉末と、ガラスフリットと、ベヒクルとを含む太陽電池用導電性ペースト組成物であって、
前記ガラスフリットは、酸化物換算で0.05~5.0(mol%) の範囲内のSO2 を含むガラスから成ることを特徴とする太陽電池用導電性ペースト組成物。 - 前記ガラスは、Pb/Si(mol 比) が 0.8~2.3 の範囲内にあり、且つ酸化物換算で 0.6~18(mol%)のLi2Oと、18~64(mol%)のPbO と、 1~18(mol%)のB2O3と、15~47(mol%)のSiO2とを含むものである請求項1の太陽電池用導電性ペースト組成物。
- 前記ガラスは、酸化物換算で 0.1~5.0(mol%) のSO2 と、 1~15(mol%)のLi2Oと、22~62(mol%)のPbO と、 1~15(mol%)のB2O3と、20~41(mol%)のSiO2とを含むものである請求項2の太陽電池用導電性ペースト組成物。
- 前記ガラスは、酸化物換算で18(mol%)以下のAl2O3 、18(mol%)以下のTiO2、および30(mol%)以下のZnO の少なくとも一種を含むものである請求項2または請求項3の太陽電池用導電性ペースト組成物。
- 前記ガラスは、Pb/Si(mol 比) が1.4 ~2.5 の範囲内にあり、且つ酸化物換算で50~70(mol%)のPbO と、 1~8(mol%) のB2O3と、20~40(mol%)のSiO2とを含み、Li2Oを含まないものである請求項1の太陽電池用導電性ペースト組成物。
- 前記ガラスは、Pb/Si(mol 比) が 1.7~2.3 の範囲内にあり、且つ酸化物換算で 0.1~3.0(mol%) のSO2 と、55~62(mol%)のPbO と、 3~6(mol%) のB2O3と、28~34(mol%)のSiO2とを含むものである請求項5の太陽電池用導電性ペースト組成物。
- 前記ガラスは、酸化物換算で5(mol%) 以下のAl2O3 、10(mol%)以下のTiO2、および10(mol%)以下のZnO の少なくとも一種を含むものである請求項5または請求項6の太陽電池用導電性ペースト組成物。
- 前記ガラスは、酸化物換算で 0.1~15(mol%)のBi2O3 を含むものである請求項2乃至請求項7の何れかに記載の太陽電池用導電性ペースト組成物。
- 前記ガラスは、酸化物換算で6.0(mol%) 以下のP2O5を含むものである請求項1乃至請求項8の何れかに記載の太陽電池用導電性ペースト組成物。
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US14/235,684 US9312045B2 (en) | 2011-07-29 | 2012-06-22 | Conductive paste composition for solar cells and solar cell |
DE112012003168.7T DE112012003168T5 (de) | 2011-07-29 | 2012-06-22 | Leitpastenzusammensetzung für Solarzellen |
CN201280038102.1A CN103797584B (zh) | 2011-07-29 | 2012-06-22 | 太阳能电池用导电性糊组合物和太阳能电池 |
JP2013526783A JP6027968B2 (ja) | 2011-07-29 | 2012-06-22 | 太陽電池用導電性ペースト組成物、太陽電池、および、太陽電池の製造方法 |
KR1020147005139A KR20140054141A (ko) | 2011-07-29 | 2012-06-22 | 태양 전지용 도전성 페이스트 조성물 및 태양 전지 |
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KR102441705B1 (ko) * | 2018-08-23 | 2022-09-07 | 소에이 가가쿠 고교 가부시키가이샤 | 적층 세라믹 전자부품의 외부 전극 형성용 도전성 페이스트 |
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- 2012-06-22 KR KR1020147005139A patent/KR20140054141A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2012-06-22 DE DE112012003168.7T patent/DE112012003168T5/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2012-06-22 WO PCT/JP2012/066058 patent/WO2013018462A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2012-06-22 JP JP2013526783A patent/JP6027968B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2012-06-22 US US14/235,684 patent/US9312045B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2012-06-22 CN CN201280038102.1A patent/CN103797584B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2012-07-04 TW TW101124004A patent/TW201306053A/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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WO2013018408A1 (ja) | 2013-02-07 |
DE112012003168T5 (de) | 2014-05-22 |
JPWO2013018462A1 (ja) | 2015-03-05 |
CN103797584B (zh) | 2016-01-20 |
US20140225045A1 (en) | 2014-08-14 |
JP6027968B2 (ja) | 2016-11-16 |
US9312045B2 (en) | 2016-04-12 |
KR20140054141A (ko) | 2014-05-08 |
TWI562169B (ja) | 2016-12-11 |
CN103797584A (zh) | 2014-05-14 |
TW201306053A (zh) | 2013-02-01 |
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