WO2013016976A1 - 电子流量监控器、控制方法及麻醉机 - Google Patents

电子流量监控器、控制方法及麻醉机 Download PDF

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WO2013016976A1
WO2013016976A1 PCT/CN2012/076580 CN2012076580W WO2013016976A1 WO 2013016976 A1 WO2013016976 A1 WO 2013016976A1 CN 2012076580 W CN2012076580 W CN 2012076580W WO 2013016976 A1 WO2013016976 A1 WO 2013016976A1
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Prior art keywords
flow
branch
gas
oxygen
controller
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PCT/CN2012/076580
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English (en)
French (fr)
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李华
李红磊
王晟
韩理
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深圳迈瑞生物医疗电子股份有限公司
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Priority to US14/235,771 priority Critical patent/US10124133B2/en
Publication of WO2013016976A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013016976A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/0003—Accessories therefor, e.g. sensors, vibrators, negative pressure
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/10—Preparation of respiratory gases or vapours
    • A61M16/12—Preparation of respiratory gases or vapours by mixing different gases
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/10—Preparation of respiratory gases or vapours
    • A61M16/1005—Preparation of respiratory gases or vapours with O2 features or with parameter measurement
    • A61M16/1015—Preparation of respiratory gases or vapours with O2 features or with parameter measurement using a gas flush valve, e.g. oxygen flush valve
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/10—Preparation of respiratory gases or vapours
    • A61M16/104—Preparation of respiratory gases or vapours specially adapted for anaesthetics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/20—Valves specially adapted to medical respiratory devices
    • A61M16/201—Controlled valves
    • A61M16/202—Controlled valves electrically actuated
    • A61M16/203—Proportional
    • A61M16/204—Proportional used for inhalation control
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/0051—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes with alarm devices
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/021—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes operated by electrical means
    • A61M16/022—Control means therefor
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/22—Carbon dioxide-absorbing devices ; Other means for removing carbon dioxide
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/0003—Accessories therefor, e.g. sensors, vibrators, negative pressure
    • A61M2016/0027—Accessories therefor, e.g. sensors, vibrators, negative pressure pressure meter
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/0003—Accessories therefor, e.g. sensors, vibrators, negative pressure
    • A61M2016/003—Accessories therefor, e.g. sensors, vibrators, negative pressure with a flowmeter
    • A61M2016/0033—Accessories therefor, e.g. sensors, vibrators, negative pressure with a flowmeter electrical
    • A61M2016/0039—Accessories therefor, e.g. sensors, vibrators, negative pressure with a flowmeter electrical in the inspiratory circuit
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M2202/00—Special media to be introduced, removed or treated
    • A61M2202/02—Gases
    • A61M2202/0208—Oxygen
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M2202/00—Special media to be introduced, removed or treated
    • A61M2202/02—Gases
    • A61M2202/0266—Nitrogen (N)
    • A61M2202/0283—Nitrous oxide (N2O)

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an electronic flow monitor and an anesthesia machine.
  • the function of the anesthesia machine is to inhale the anesthetic and mechanical ventilation of the patient during the procedure.
  • the patient's inhaled gas is recycled in a closed circuit with a soda lime tank (to absorb the carbon dioxide CO2 exhaled by the human body). Due to the consumption of gas in the circuit (such as oxygen O2 and so on absorbed by the human body) and leakage, it needs to be continuously supplemented.
  • the anesthesia machine has an independent channel that continuously replenishes the gas to the patient's breathing circuit, which is commonly referred to as fresh gas.
  • the formation of fresh gas is generally divided into two steps:
  • the first step oxygen and equilibrium gas (air or nitrous oxide N2O) are mixed at different flow rates in the flow monitor;
  • Step 2 The mixed gas output from the flow monitor passes through the anesthetic volatile tank (which contains the anesthetic), and a fresh gas is formed and delivered to the patient breathing circuit.
  • the flow monitor regulates the flow of oxygen and the balance gas in two ways: mechanical adjustment and electronic adjustment.
  • the user adjusts the flow of oxygen and balance gas through a mechanical needle valve, and uses a flow sensor or mechanical rotameter to monitor the flow of oxygen and balance gas.
  • the mechanical adjustment mode is simple, low in cost and high in reliability, and its disadvantage is that the degree of automation is not high.
  • the user in order to obtain the required oxygen concentration and total flow rate, the user needs to calculate the required flow of oxygen and balance gas by himself. This method is generally applied to low-end models.
  • the electronic adjustment mode The user only needs to input the required oxygen concentration and total flow rate, and the system automatically monitors various gas flows to achieve the user-set index.
  • the electronic adjustment mode has a high degree of automation, simple operation and high precision, but the system is complicated and costly, and is generally used in medium and high-end models.
  • Electronically regulated flow monitors are commonly referred to as electronic flow monitors.
  • the existing electronic flow monitor generally has an oxygen branch 2, an oxygen bypass 1, a nitrous oxide branch 3, and an air branch 4.
  • the oxygen branch 2 is generally provided with an on-off controller 7 (such as a strobe valve), a flow control valve 8, a pressure sensor 10, a flow sensor 9, and a check valve 11.
  • an on-off controller 7 such as a strobe valve
  • a flow control valve 8 a pressure sensor 10
  • a flow sensor 9 a flow sensor 9
  • a check valve 11 a check valve 11.
  • the nitrous oxide branch 3 and the air branch 4 are each provided with an on-off controller 7, and at the same time, at most one of the two on-off controllers 7 is turned on.
  • the common gas branch 5 is provided with a flow control valve 8, a pressure sensor 10, a flow sensor 9, and a check valve 11.
  • the total branch 6 is provided with a pressure sensor 10.
  • the oxygen bypass 1 is provided with a mechanical needle valve 12 and an on-off controller 7 (the on-off controller is of the normally open type, that is, when the power is off, the on/off controller is turned on, and the reason for selecting the normally open type is when When the system is powered down, the oxygen bypass 1 can be opened to provide pure oxygen to the patient; and the other on-off controllers in the electronic flow monitor are of the normally closed type, that is, when the power is off, the on-off controller is turned off),
  • the mechanical needle valve 12 is used to regulate the gas flow rate, and the on-off controller 7 can avoid the case where the oxygen needle bypass 1 also has oxygen passage due to the mechanical needle valve 12 not being closed under normal operating conditions.
  • the function of the pressure sensor of the oxygen branch 2, the common gas branch 5 and the total branch 6 is to detect the pressure of the air passage, prevent the pressure of the air passage from being too high, and improve the safety of the system; in addition, the information of the pressure sensor 10 can also be used to The detected gas flow value is compensated.
  • the check valve of the oxygen branch 2 and the common gas branch 5 functions to prevent gas backflow from the oxygen branch and the balance gas branch.
  • the electronic flow monitor has the following disadvantages: in addition to adjusting the flow rate of the oxygen and the balance gas respectively through the flow control valve, the oxygen branch 2, the air branch 4, and the nitrous oxide branch 3 are also controlled by the on-off controller 7 respectively.
  • the opening or closing of the gas path, the number of on-off controllers 7 is large, the system cost is relatively high, and the structure is relatively complicated.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide an electronic flow monitor, a control method and an anesthesia machine which are simple in structure and low in cost, in view of the deficiencies of the prior art.
  • an electronic flow monitor including a control module, an oxygen branch for transporting oxygen, a balanced gas branch for transporting a balance gas, and for mixing the oxygen And a total branch of the balance gas
  • the control module meters the oxygen flow and the balance gas flow by the flow sensor
  • the oxygen branch is provided with a first flow controller
  • the balance gas branch is provided with a second flow controller
  • the first and second flow controllers are configured to adjust a gas flow of the branch between the zero value and the maximum value
  • the first flow controller and the second flow controller are both signally connected to the control module.
  • the total branch is provided with a first on-off controller for controlling its on-off, and the first on-off controller is signally connected to the control module.
  • the general branch is further provided with a mechanical flow meter for measuring the flow rate of the gas.
  • each of the balanced gas branches is provided with a second flow controller.
  • each of the balanced gas branches shares a common gas branch, an output of each of the balanced gas branches is connected to an input of the common gas branch, and an output of the common gas branch is connected to the total branch input of.
  • the common gas branch is provided with a second flow sensor, the second flow sensor is connected to the control module, and the control module measures the flow rate of the balance gas by the second flow sensor.
  • the oxygen branch is further provided with a first flow sensor, and the first flow sensor is connected to the control module.
  • the electronic flow monitor further includes an oxygen bypass for bypassing the first flow controller.
  • An anesthesia machine having the electronic flow monitor.
  • a method for controlling an electronic flow monitor includes the following steps:
  • Receiving preset parameters including oxygen concentration, total flow rate, and balance gas type
  • the set flow rate of oxygen and the set flow rate of the balance gas are obtained according to preset parameters
  • the first flow controller and the second flow controller respectively control the actual flow rate of the oxygen and the balance gas, so that the actual flow rate is consistent with the set flow rate.
  • the invention has the beneficial effects that the first and second flow controllers can realize the control of the air passage on and off, and also realize the adjustment of the air flow, reduce the number of on-off controllers, simplify the structure, and reduce the cost. .
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the structure of a fresh gas forming process of a conventional anesthesia machine
  • FIG. 2 is a structural block diagram of a conventional electronic flow monitor
  • FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing the structure of an electronic flow monitor of the present embodiment
  • FIG. 4 is a flow chart showing a method of controlling an electronic flow monitor of the present embodiment.
  • the electronic flow monitor of the present embodiment includes an oxygen branch 2, a nitrous oxide branch 4, an air branch 3, a total branch 6 and a control module.
  • the oxygen branch 2 is used to provide pure oxygen.
  • the nitrous oxide branch 4 and the air branch 3 are used to selectively provide air or nitrous oxide as a balancing gas under the control of the control module.
  • the total branch 6 is used to mix oxygen and balance gas, and the mixed gas is output.
  • the control module is also capable of regulating the flow of oxygen and balance gas such that the output gas reaches a set oxygen concentration and total flow.
  • the oxygen branch 2 is provided with a first flow controller 13 , a first pressure sensor 14 , a first flow sensor 15 and a first check valve 24 .
  • the first flow sensor 15 is located at the first flow controller 13 . Downstream, that is, oxygen flows first through the first flow controller 13 and then through the first flow sensor 15.
  • the first flow controller 13 functions to both control the opening and closing of the oxygen branch and also regulate the oxygen flow.
  • the first pressure sensor 14 is used to detect and prevent the oxygen branch 2 from being overstressed.
  • the first flow sensor 15 is used to detect and prevent the flow of the oxygen branch 2 from being excessive.
  • the first check valve 24 is used to prevent backflow of oxygen.
  • the air branch 3 and the nitrous oxide branch 4 share a common gas branch 5.
  • the air branch 3 and the nitrous oxide branch 4 are each provided with a second flow controller 16, which is used both to control the opening and closing of the gas path and to regulate the flow of the gas. At any time, the second flow controller 16 having at most one branch of the air branch 3 and the nitrous oxide branch 4 is opened.
  • the common gas branch 5 is provided with a second pressure sensor 17, a second flow sensor 18 and a second check valve 19.
  • the second pressure sensor 17 is for detecting and preventing excessive pressure of the air passage, and compensating for the flow value measured by the second flow sensor 18.
  • the second flow sensor 18 is used to detect and prevent excessive air flow.
  • the second check valve 19 is for preventing backflow of the balance gas.
  • the main branch 6 is provided with a first on-off controller 20 and a mechanical flow meter 21 for metering the gas flow.
  • the function of the first on-off controller 20 is to effectively cut off the connection between the branches and the output of the electronic flow monitor when the first flow controller 13 and the second flow controller 16 of each branch fail. Improve system security. For example, when the second flow controller 16 of the nitrous oxide branch 4 fails to turn off the problem, the nitrous oxide flow rate is excessively large, causing damage to the patient. At this time, the first pass of the total branch 6 is closed. By breaking the controller 20, the output of nitrous oxide can be cut off.
  • the mechanical flow meter 21 can display the gas flow rate of the total branch 6 even in the event of a power failure.
  • the control module is connected to each flow controller, flow sensor and pressure sensor.
  • the control module can realize human-computer interaction, and can be used for preset oxygen concentration, total flow rate, and balance gas type (such as air or nitrous oxide); the control module can control the first flow controller 13 and the second flow controller 16 And the first on-off controller 20 can collect information of each flow sensor, pressure sensor, flow controller, and on-off controller. Further, when a problem occurs in the system, the control module can turn off the power of all the flow controllers and the on-off controller and prompt an alarm.
  • the electronic flow monitor can also have an oxygen bypass 1 that can bypass the first flow controller 13 of the oxygen branch 2.
  • the control module detects a system failure, the power to all flow controllers and the on-off controller is turned off, and the user can provide pure oxygen to the patient through the oxygen bypass 1 .
  • the oxygen bypass 1 is provided with a mechanical needle valve 22 for regulating the flow of gas.
  • the oxygen bypass 1 can also be provided with a second on-off controller 23 for controlling the opening and closing of the pneumatic circuit, which can prevent the oxygen bypass 1 from passing through the oxygen supply 1 due to the fact that the mechanical needle valve 22 has not been closed under normal conditions. Case.
  • the second on-off controller 23 can be of the normally open type, that is, when the system fails, the second on-off controller 23 is opened, so that the oxygen bypass 1 can be opened.
  • the first on-off controller 20 can be of the normally closed type, that is, when the system fails, the first on-off controller 20 is turned off. When the system fails, the system may suddenly lose power; or the parameter monitored by the system is not within the preset parameter range. If the monitored pressure exceeds the standard pressure range, the control module turns on the second on-off controller 23;
  • the normally open type means that the on/off controller is turned off when the system is normal; when the system is faulty, the on/off controller is turned on.
  • the electronic flow monitor is controlled as follows: preset oxygen concentration, total flow rate, and type of equilibrium gas selected (air or nitrous oxide as the equilibrium gas); the control module calculates the required oxygen and balance gas according to preset parameters. Flow; then, determine if the system is faulty, if so, turn off each on-off controller and flow controller to provide pure oxygen through the oxygen bypass; if not, the control module opens the first on-off control of the main branch Open and adjust the first flow controller and the second flow controller, and collect information of each pressure sensor and flow sensor to form closed-loop control until the output gas of the electronic flow monitor reaches the user-set oxygen concentration and total flow rate. .
  • an electronic flow monitor it includes an oxygen branch 2, at least one balance gas branch, a total branch 6 and a control module.
  • the oxygen branch 2 outputs oxygen
  • the balance gas branch outputs a balance gas.
  • the oxygen and the balance gas are mixed in the total branch 6, which is equivalent to the oxygen branch 2 and the balance gas branch being connected in parallel and then connected in series with the main branch.
  • Road 6 outputs the mixed gas.
  • the oxygen branch 2 can be provided with a first flow controller 13 and the balance gas branch can be provided with a second flow controller 16, and the first flow controller 13 and the second flow controller 16 can control the opening of the branch.
  • the zero value is equivalent to Turn off the branch, the non-zero value is equivalent to opening the branch.
  • the first flow controller 13 and the second flow controller 16 are all connected to the control module.
  • balance gas branch There may be one or more balance gas branches, and the balance gas branch is connected to the main branch 6 in two ways: one is that the balance gas branch is directly connected to the main branch 6; the other is the balance gas
  • the branch road is connected to the main branch 6 via a common gas branch 5.
  • each balancing gas branch provides a balancing gas, but at most, a balancing gas is selected at any time.
  • the equilibrium gas such as air, nitrous oxide or other gas that can be used on an anesthesia machine can be mixed with oxygen.
  • the first flow controller 13 and the second flow controller 16 may employ a flow control valve capable of controlling the opening and closing of the gas passage and adjusting the flow rate of the gas.
  • the main branch 6 can be provided with a first on-off controller 20 for switching off the main branch 6 when there is a problem with the oxygen branch 2 and/or the balancing gas branch.
  • the first on-off controller 20 may be a strobe valve capable of controlling the opening and closing of the gas passage, or a flow control valve capable of controlling the opening and closing of the gas passage and regulating the flow rate, or other structure capable of controlling the opening and closing of the gas passage;
  • the total branch 6 may not be provided with the on-off controller 20.
  • the total branch 6 can also be provided with a mechanical flow meter for metering the gas flow, which can display the gas flow when the power is off, such as a mechanical rotor type flow meter; of course, the total branch can also be provided without a flow meter.
  • the first flow sensor 15 of the oxygen branch 2 may be arranged upstream of the first flow controller 13 or downstream of the first flow controller 13.
  • the second flow sensor 18 of the balance gas branch may be disposed downstream of the second flow controller 16, such as the second flow controller 16 being disposed in the nitric oxide branch 4 or the air branch 3 and the second flow sensor 18 being disposed
  • the second flow sensor 18 at the common gas branch 5; the balance gas branch may also be disposed upstream of the second flow controller 16, at which time the number of second flow sensors 18 may coincide with the number of balance gases.
  • the second flow sensor 18 can be provided for each balance gas branch.
  • the oxygen branch 2 and the balance gas branch may also be provided with a check valve that prevents backflow of gas, or a check valve may not be provided.
  • the oxygen branch 2, the balance gas branch, the common gas branch 5, and the total branch 6 may be provided with a pressure sensor for detecting the pressure of the air passage, or may be provided without a pressure sensor.
  • the flow controller can be provided with an oxygen bypass 1 for bypassing the first flow controller 13 of the oxygen branch 2.
  • the output of the oxygen bypass 1 can be directly connected to the main branch 6, such as directly connecting the output of the main branch (ie, connecting the output of the electronic flow monitor), or directly connecting the oxygen branch 2 and located at the first flow controller 13 Downstream, as connected between the first flow controller 13 and the first flow sensor 15.
  • the oxygen bypass 1 may be provided with a second on-off controller 23 of a normally closed type and a third flow controller for regulating the flow; of course, the second on-off controller may not be provided or the third flow controller may not be provided. .
  • the nitrous oxide branch 4 and the air branch 3 may be provided with means for detecting a pressure or a pressure difference after the second flow controller 16 of each branch, the function of which is to detect whether or not each branch has a gas leak.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Anesthesiology (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Pulmonology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
  • Flow Control (AREA)
  • Accommodation For Nursing Or Treatment Tables (AREA)
  • Respiratory Apparatuses And Protective Means (AREA)

Abstract

一种电子流量监控器、控制方法及麻醉机。所述电子流量控制器包括控制模块、用于输送氧气的氧气支路（2）、用于输送平衡气体的平衡气体支路（3，4）以及用于混合所述氧气和平衡气体的总支路（6），所述控制模块通过流量传感器（15，18）计量氧气流量和平衡气体流量，所述氧气支路（2）设有第一流量控制器（13），所述平衡气体支路设有第二流量控制器（16），所述第一流量控制器（13）、第二流量控制器（16）用于在零值和最大值之间调节所在支路的气体流量，所述第一流量控制器（13）和第二流量控制器（16）均与所述控制模块信号连接。所述第一流量控制器（13）和第二流量控制器（16）既可以实现气路通断的控制，也可以实现气路流量的调节，由此减少了通断控制器的数量，简化了结构，降低了成本。

Description

电子流量监控器、控制方法及麻醉机
【技术领域】
本发明是关于一种电子流量监控器及麻醉机。
【背景技术】
如图1所示，麻醉机的功能是在手术期间对病人进行吸入麻醉剂和机械通气。麻醉机工作期间，病人吸入的气体是在一个带有钠石灰罐（用来吸收人体呼出的二氧化碳CO2）的密闭式回路中循环利用的。由于回路中气体的消耗（如氧气O2等被人体吸收）和泄漏，因此需要不断进行补充。麻醉机中有一条独立的通道持续的补充气体到病人呼吸回路，这路补充气体一般称为新鲜气体。
新鲜气体的形成一般分为两步：
第一步：氧气和平衡气体（空气或一氧化二氮N2O）在流量监控器中以不同的流量进行混合；
第二步：流量监控器输出的混合气体经过麻药挥发罐（其中盛装的是***）后，形成新鲜气体，输送到病人呼吸回路。
流量监控器调节氧气与平衡气体的流量的方式一般有两种：机械调节方式与电子调节方式。
机械调节方式：用户通过机械针阀调节氧气和平衡气体的流量，并采用流量传感器或机械转子流量计监测氧气和平衡气体的流量。机械调节方式***简单、成本较低、可靠性高，其缺点在于自动化程度不高。此外，为获得所需要的氧气浓度与总流量，用户需要自行计算所需的氧气和平衡气体的流量。该种方式一般应用于中低端机型。
电子调节方式：用户只需要输入所需的氧气浓度和总流量，***自动对各种气体流量进行监控，达到用户设定的指标。电子调节方式自动化程度较高，操作简单，精度较高，但***较为复杂，成本高，一般用于中高端机型。
电子调节方式的流量监控器一般称为电子流量监控器。
如图2所示，现有电子流量监控器一般具有氧气支路2、氧气旁路1、一氧化二氮支路3及空气支路4。
氧气支路2一般设有一个通断控制器7（如选通阀）、一个流量控制阀8、一个压力传感器10、一个流量传感器9和一个单向阀11。
一氧化二氮支路3和空气支路4各设有一个通断控制器7，在同一时刻，该两个通断控制器7最多只有一个导通。公共气体支路5设有一个流量控制阀8、一个压力传感器10、一个流量传感器9和一个单向阀11。
总支路6设有一个压力传感器10。氧气旁路1设有一个机械针阀12和一个通断控制器7（该通断控制器是常开类型，即不给电时，该通断控制器打开，选择常开类型的原因是当***掉电时，氧气旁路1能够打开，为病人提供纯氧气；而该电子流量监控器中其他的通断控制器均为常闭类型，即不给电时，通断控制器关闭），该机械针阀12用于调节气体流量，该通断控制器7可以避免在正常工作情况下时，由于机械针阀12未关紧，氧气旁路1也有氧气通过的情况。
氧气支路2、公共气体支路5和总支路6的压力传感器的作用是检测气路压力，防止气路压力过高，提高***安全性；此外，还可以通过压力传感器10的信息对当前检测的气体流量值进行补偿计算。
氧气支路2和公共气体支路5的单向阀的作用是防止氧气支路和平衡气体支路发生气体倒流现象。
该电子流量监控器具有如下缺点：氧气、平衡气体除了分别通过流量控制阀调节流量外，氧气支路2、空气支路4、一氧化二氮支路3还分别采用通断控制器7来控制气路的打开或者关闭，通断控制器7数量多，***成本相对较高，结构相对复杂。
【发明内容】
本发明的目的是针对现有技术的不足，提供一种结构简单且成本较低的电子流量监控器、控制方法及麻醉机。
为实现上述目的，本发明采用了以下技术方案：一种电子流量监控器，包括控制模块、用于输送氧气的氧气支路、用于输送平衡气体的平衡气体支路及用于混合所述氧气和平衡气体的总支路，所述控制模块通过流量传感器计量氧气流量和平衡气体流量，所述氧气支路设有第一流量控制器，所述平衡气体支路设有第二流量控制器，所述第一、第二流量控制器用于在零值和最大值之间调节所在支路的气体流量，所述第一流量控制器和第二流量控制器均与所述控制模块信号连接。
进一步的，所述总支路设有用于控制其通断的第一通断控制器，所述第一通断控制器与所述控制模块信号连接。
进一步的，所述总支路还设有用于计量其气体流量的机械式流量计。
进一步的，所述平衡气体支路有多个，各所述平衡气体支路均设有一个第二流量控制器。
进一步的，各所述平衡气体支路共用一个公共气体支路，各所述平衡气体支路的输出连接所述公共气体支路的输入，所述公共气体支路的输出连接所述总支路的输入。
进一步的，所述公共气体支路设有第二流量传感器，所述第二流量传感器与所述控制模块信号连接，所述控制模块通过所述第二流量传感器计量所述平衡气体的流量。
进一步的，所述氧气支路还设有第一流量传感器，所述第一流量传感器与所述控制模块信号连接。
进一步的，所述的电子流量监控器还包括用于旁路掉所述第一流量控制器的氧气旁路。
一种麻醉机，具有所述的电子流量监控器。
一种电子流量监控器的控制方法，包括如下步骤：
接收预设参数，所述预设参数包括氧气浓度、总流量及平衡气体类型；
根据预设参数得出氧气的设定流量和平衡气体的设定流量；
通过第一流量控制器、第二流量控制器来分别控制氧气、平衡气体的实际流量，使实际流量与设定流量一致。
本发明的有益效果是：第一、第二流量控制器既可以实现气路通断的控制，也可以实现气路流量的调节，减少了通断控制器的数量，简化了结构，降低了成本。
【附图说明】
图1是表示现有麻醉机的新鲜气体形成过程的结构框图；
图2是现有电子流量监控器的结构框图；
图3是本实施方式电子流量监控器的结构框图；
图4是本实施方式电子流量监控器的控制方法的流程框图。
【具体实施方式】
下面通过具体实施方式结合附图对本发明作进一步详细说明。
如图3及图4所示，本实施方式电子流量监控器包括氧气支路2、一氧化二氮支路4、空气支路3、总支路6及控制模块。氧气支路2用于提供纯氧。一氧化二氮支路4和空气支路3用于在控制模块的控制下，选择性的提供空气或一氧化二氮作为平衡气体。总支路6用于混合氧气和平衡气体，并将混合得到的气体输出。控制模块还能够调节氧气和平衡气体的流量，使输出的气体达到设定的氧气浓度和总流量。
氧气支路2设有一个第一流量控制器13、一个第一压力传感器14、一个第一流量传感器15及一个第一单向阀24，该第一流量传感器15位于第一流量控制器13的下游，即氧气先流经第一流量控制器13，再流经第一流量传感器15。第一流量控制器13的作用是既控制氧气支路打开和关断，也调节氧气流量。第一压力传感器14用于检测并防止氧气支路2压力过大。第一流量传感器15用于检测并防止氧气支路2流量过大。第一单向阀24用于防止氧气倒流。
空气支路3和一氧化二氮支路4共用一个公共气体支路5。空气支路3和一氧化二氮支路4各设有一个第二流量控制器16，该第二流量控制器16既用于控制气路的打开和关断，也用于调节气路流量。在任何时候，空气支路3和一氧化二氮支路4最多有一个支路的第二流量控制器16打开。
公共气体支路5设有一个第二压力传感器17、一个第二流量传感器18及一个第二单向阀19。第二压力传感器17用于检测并防止气路压力过大，以及对第二流量传感器18测得的流量值进行补偿计算。第二流量传感器18用于检测并防止气路流量过大。第二单向阀19用于防止平衡气体倒流。
总支路6设有一个第一通断控制器20和一个用于计量气体流量的机械式流量计21。第一通断控制器20的作用是当各支路的第一流量控制器13、第二流量控制器16出现故障时，能有效切断各支路与电子流量监控器的输出之间的连接，提高***安全性。例如，当一氧化二氮支路4的第二流量控制器16出现问题无法关闭时，会导致一氧化二氮流量过大，对病人造成损害，此时，关闭总支路6的第一通断控制器20，即可切断一氧化二氮的输出。另外，即使在掉电的情况下，机械式流量计21仍能显示总支路6的气体流量。
控制模块与各流量控制器、流量传感器和压力传感器均信号连接。控制模块可以实现人机交互，可以用于预设氧气浓度、总流量及平衡气体类型(如选择空气或一氧化二氮)；控制模块可以控制第一流量控制器13、第二流量控制器16和第一通断控制器20，可以采集各流量传感器、压力传感器、流量控制器和通断控制器的信息。进一步的，当检测到***出现问题时，控制模块能够关断所有流量控制器和通断控制器的电源，并提示报警。
电子流量监控器还可以具有氧气旁路1，该氧气旁路1能够旁路掉氧气支路2的第一流量控制器13。当控制模块检测到***出现故障时，关断所有流量控制器及通断控制器的电源，用户能够通过氧气旁路1为病人提供纯氧。氧气旁路1设有一个用于调节气体流量的机械针阀22。氧气旁路1还可以设有一个用于控制气路打开和关断的第二通断控制器23，其可以避免在正常情况下，由于机械针阀22尚未关紧，氧气旁路1也有氧气通过的情况。第二通断控制器23可以为常开类型，即***出现故障时，第二通断控制器23打开，从而氧气旁路1能够打开。第一通断控制器20可以为常闭类型，即当***出现故障时，第一通断控制器20关闭。***出现故障时，可以是***突然掉电；也可以是***监测到的参数不在预设参数范围内，如监测的压力超过标准压力范围，则控制模块使第二通断控制器23打开；即常开型是指***正常时，通断控制器关断；***出现故障时，通断控制器打开。
电子流量监控器的控制方法如下：预设氧气浓度、总流量以及选择平衡气体的类型(选择空气还是一氧化二氮作为平衡气体)；控制模块根据预设参数来计算所需要的氧气和平衡气体的流量；接着，判断***是否出现故障，如果是，则关闭各通断控制器和流量控制器，通过氧气旁路提供纯氧；如果不是，则控制模块打开总支路的第一通断控制器，打开和调节第一流量控制器和第二流量控制器，同时采集各压力传感器和流量传感器的信息，形成闭环控制，直至电子流量监控器的输出气体达到用户设定的氧气浓度和总流量。
对于电子流量监控器，其包括氧气支路2、至少一个平衡气体支路、总支路6及控制模块。氧气支路2输出氧气，平衡气体支路输出平衡气体，该氧气和平衡气体在总支路6混合，相当于氧气支路2和平衡气体支路并联后再与总支路串联6，总支路6输出经过混合的气体。氧气支路2可以设有第一流量控制器13，平衡气体支路可以设有第二流量控制器16，该第一流量控制器13、第二流量控制器16均可以控制所在支路的打开和关断，以及调节所在支路的气体流量，相当于第一流量控制器13、第二流量控制器16能够在零值和最大值之间调节所在支路的气体流量，该零值相当于关断所在支路，该非零值相当于打开所在支路。第一流量控制器13、第二流量控制器16均与控制模块信号连接。
平衡气体支路可以有一个或多个，该平衡气体支路连接总支路6，其连接方式有两种：一种是平衡气体支路直接与总支路6连接；另一种是平衡气体支路通过公共气体支路5连接总支路6。当平衡气体支路有多个时，可以是上述连接方式的组合。对于多个平衡气体支路，每个平衡气体支路提供一种平衡气体，但在任何时候，最多选择一种平衡气体。该平衡气体如空气、一氧化二氮或者其它能够用于麻醉机上的能够与氧气混合后使用的气体。第一流量控制器13、第二流量控制器16可以采用能够控制气路通断，又能调节气体流量的流量控制阀。
总支路6可以设置第一通断控制器20，其用于在氧气支路2和/或平衡气体支路出现问题时，关断总支路6。第一通断控制器20可以采用能够控制气路通断的选通阀，也可以采用能够控制气路通断和调节流量的流量控制阀，或者其他能够控制气路通断的结构体；当然，总支路6也可以不设置通断控制器20。总支路6还可以设置用于计量气体流量的机械式流量计，其能够在掉电时显示气体流量，该流量计如机械转子式流量计；当然，总支路也可以不设置流量计。
氧气支路2的第一流量传感器15可以设置在第一流量控制器13的上游，也可以设置在第一流量控制器13的下游。平衡气体支路的第二流量传感器18可以设置在第二流量控制器16的下游，如第二流量控制器16设置在一氧化二氮支路4或空气支路3而第二流量传感器18设置在公共气体支路5；平衡气体支路的第二流量传感器18也可以设置在第二流量控制器16的上游，此时，第二流量传感器18的数目可以与平衡气体的数目一致。当各平衡气体支路独立而均直接连接总支路6时，各平衡气体支路均可以设置第二流量传感器18。
氧气支路2和平衡气体支路还可以设置防止气体倒流的单向阀，也可以不设置单向阀。氧气支路2、平衡气体支路、公共气体支路5及总支路6可以设置用于检测气路压力的压力传感器，也可以不设置压力传感器。
流量控制器可以设置氧气旁路1，该氧气旁路1用于旁路掉氧气支路2的第一流量控制器13。该氧气旁路1的输出可以直接连接总支路6，如直接连接总支路的输出(即连接电子流量监控器的输出)，也可以直接连接氧气支路2并位于第一流量控制器13的下游，如连接在第一流量控制器13和第一流量传感器15之间。氧气旁路1可以设有常闭类型的第二通断控制器23和用于调节流量的第三流量控制器；当然，也可以不设置第二通断控制器或不设置第三流量控制器。
一氧化二氮支路4和空气支路3可以在各支路的第二流量控制器16后，设置检测压力或压差的装置，其作用是检测各支路是否有气体泄漏的情况。
以上所述实施例仅表达了本发明的几种实施方式，其描述较为具体和详细，但并不能因此而理解为对本发明专利范围的限制。应当指出的是，对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，还可以做出若干变形和改进，这些都属于本发明的保护范围。因此，本发明专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种电子流量监控器，包括控制模块、用于输送氧气的氧气支路、用于输送平衡气体的平衡气体支路及用于混合所述氧气和平衡气体的总支路，所述控制模块通过流量传感器计量氧气流量和平衡气体流量，其特征在于：所述氧气支路设有第一流量控制器，所述平衡气体支路设有第二流量控制器，所述第一、第二流量控制器用于在零值和最大值之间调节所在支路的气体流量，所述第一流量控制器和第二流量控制器均与所述控制模块信号连接。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的电子流量监控器，其特征在于：所述总支路设有用于控制其通断的第一通断控制器，所述第一通断控制器与所述控制模块信号连接。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的电子流量监控器，其特征在于：所述总支路还设有用于计量其气体流量的机械式流量计。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的电子流量监控器，其特征在于：所述平衡气体支路有多个，各所述平衡气体支路均设有一个第二流量控制器。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的电子流量监控器，其特征在于：各 所述平衡气体支路共用一个公共气体支路，各所述平衡气体支路的输出连接所述公共气体支路的输入，所述公共气体支路的输出连接所述总支路的输入。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的电子流量监控器，其特征在于：所述公共气体支路设有第二流量传感器，所述第二流量传感器与所述控制模块信号连接，所述控制模块通过所述第二流量传感器计量所述平衡气体的流量。
  7. 如权利要求1或6所述的电子流量监控器，其特征在于：所述氧气支路还设有第一流量传感器，所述第一流量传感器与所述控制模块信号连接。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的电子流量监控器，其特征在于：还包括用于旁路掉所述第一流量控制器的氧气旁路。
  9. 一种麻醉机，其特征在于：具有权利要求1-8中任意一项所述的电子流量监控器。
  10. 一种权利要求 1-8 中任意一项所述的电子流量监控器的控制方法，其特征在于：包括如下步骤：
    接收预设参数，所述预设参数包括氧气浓度、总流量及平衡气体类型；
    根据预设参数得出氧气的设定流量和平衡气体的设定流量；
    通过第一流量控制器、第二流量控制器来分别控制氧气、平衡气体的实际流量，使实际流量与设定流量一致。
PCT/CN2012/076580 2011-08-01 2012-06-07 电子流量监控器、控制方法及麻醉机 WO2013016976A1 (zh)

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