WO2013015406A1 - 光学装置、撮像装置、及び撮像装置の製造方法 - Google Patents
光学装置、撮像装置、及び撮像装置の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013015406A1 WO2013015406A1 PCT/JP2012/069129 JP2012069129W WO2013015406A1 WO 2013015406 A1 WO2013015406 A1 WO 2013015406A1 JP 2012069129 W JP2012069129 W JP 2012069129W WO 2013015406 A1 WO2013015406 A1 WO 2013015406A1
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- lens
- optical
- layer
- antireflection
- lens element
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/0006—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 with means to keep optical surfaces clean, e.g. by preventing or removing dirt, stains, contamination, condensation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B7/00—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements
- G02B7/02—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for lenses
- G02B7/028—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for lenses with means for compensating for changes in temperature or for controlling the temperature; thermal stabilisation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
- G02B1/10—Optical coatings produced by application to, or surface treatment of, optical elements
- G02B1/11—Anti-reflection coatings
- G02B1/118—Anti-reflection coatings having sub-optical wavelength surface structures designed to provide an enhanced transmittance, e.g. moth-eye structures
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
- G02B1/10—Optical coatings produced by application to, or surface treatment of, optical elements
- G02B1/14—Protective coatings, e.g. hard coatings
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
- G02B1/10—Optical coatings produced by application to, or surface treatment of, optical elements
- G02B1/18—Coatings for keeping optical surfaces clean, e.g. hydrophobic or photo-catalytic films
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a lens unit or other optical device used as an imaging lens, an imaging device, and a method for manufacturing the imaging device.
- an imaging lens is subjected to antireflection processing in order to reduce ghost and flare due to surface reflection.
- an ordinary antireflection process there is a method of providing an optical thin film called an antireflection film.
- an antireflection process there is a method of forming an antireflection structure having an antireflection function.
- the anti-reflection structure reduces reflection by producing a concave / convex shape of the wavelength scale of light and a portion having a small density when viewed macroscopically on the surface of an optical element such as a lens.
- a method for manufacturing the antireflection structure for example, there is a method of forming a film on the lens surface and then processing the film into an antireflection structure (see Patent Document 1).
- a lens unit in which a plurality of lenses are laminated and bonded may be used.
- the space between the lenses needs to be a sealed space because moisture or dust from the outside adheres to the optical path and causes defects.
- WLO Wafer Level Optics
- the WLO technique is a technique for forming a large number of lens units without adjusting the axis by forming a large number of lenses on one wafer and cutting these wafers after lamination.
- the inventor of the present application when an antireflection film that is an optical thin film is formed on the optical surface facing the sealed space in this type of lens unit, when heat treatment is performed in the subsequent reflow process, It was found that the optical performance of the lens unit deteriorates due to a drastic decrease in the rate, and wrinkling of the antireflection film due to the stress of the antireflection film itself.
- Anti-reflective coatings for high temperatures often have compressive stress to prevent cracking, but the compressive stress of the anti-reflective coating exceeds the elastic modulus of the resin at high temperatures that exceed the glass transition point of the resin such as reflow.
- the resin surface is deformed by the compressive stress of the antireflection film. Due to the deformation at this time (because the deformation caused by the compressive stress is a deformation that increases the surface area of the antireflection film), wrinkles are generated on the resin surface. For this reason, wrinkles are generated in the antireflection film itself. In particular, in sealed spaces, it has been found that such wrinkles occur remarkably because the elastic modulus of the resin on the sealed space side is extremely reduced during the reflow process.
- Patent Document 1 describes that after a film is formed on the lens surface, this film is processed into an antireflection structure, and the lens and the antireflection structure are formed of different materials.
- the base resin material and the antireflection structure or the antireflection film are made of different materials, cracks are likely to occur due to a difference in elastic modulus from the resin at a high temperature.
- the antireflection structure or the antireflection film is made of an inorganic material, the linear expansion coefficient of the inorganic material is much lower than that of the base resin material, so that it cannot follow the expansion of the resin and is forcibly stretched. Therefore, a crack will occur.
- peeling is likely to occur from the interface with the base resin.
- the lens and the antireflection structure or the antireflection film are formed of different materials, cracks and peeling are likely to occur, and there is a concern that optical performance is deteriorated.
- Patent Document 2 describes a method of providing an antireflection structure having an antireflection function directly on a base resin material.
- JP 2010-48896 A JP 2010-511079 gazette
- the present invention has been made in view of the above-described background art, and provides an optical device, an imaging device, and a manufacturing method of the imaging device that can suppress degradation of optical performance even through a high-temperature heating environment such as a reflow process.
- the purpose is to do.
- an optical device includes a lens, an optical member that faces the lens through the space, and a seal that hermetically seals a space sandwiched between the lens and the optical member.
- a lens is formed of a heat-resistant resin and has a fine concavo-convex structure layer on an inner surface facing the space, and the concavo-convex structure layer includes a base material of the lens The concavo-convex structure layer and the lens base material are integrally formed of substantially the same material.
- the lens formed of a heat resistant resin has a fine uneven structure layer on the inner surface facing the space, and the uneven structure layer is substantially the same material as the lens substrate. Since the concavo-convex structure layer and the lens substrate are integrally formed, even if heat treatment is performed after that, wrinkles, cracks or peeling may occur as in the case of providing an antireflection film. It is possible to prevent the optical performance of the lens from deteriorating. This is because the concavo-convex structure layer is made of substantially the same material as the lens base material, so that the linear expansion coefficient is almost equal, and the concavo-convex structure layer and the lens base material are integrally formed, so there is no stress.
- the heat-resistant resin means a resin that hardly causes deterioration of the optical surface shape or transmittance due to heat treatment such as a reflow process.
- the material composition of the concavo-convex structure layer it means that the case where the material composition of the base material of the lens and the material composition of the concavo-convex structure layer are not completely the same is included.
- the concavo-convex structure layer is an antireflection layer formed of an antireflection structure. In this case, unnecessary reflection on the lens surface can be prevented by the concavo-convex structure layer, and generation of ghost can be prevented.
- the heat resistant resin is either a thermosetting resin or a photocurable resin.
- a resin lens can be formed by heat curing or photocuring, and it is possible to easily prevent the lens from being deformed and causing deterioration of the optical surface shape during the subsequent heat treatment such as the reflow process.
- the sealing portion is an adhesive that joins a lens and an optical member (for example, a first lens element and a second lens element described later) outside the optical path.
- an optical member for example, a first lens element and a second lens element described later
- the sealing portion is a lens barrel that positions and holds a lens and an optical member (for example, a first lens element and a second lens element) with respect to each other.
- the sealing portion is a spacer that positions and joins the lens and the optical member (for example, the first lens element and the second lens element) to each other.
- the lens has a flat plate portion, the flat plate portion has a resin layer formed of a heat-resistant resin on at least an inner surface facing the space, and the outer diameter of the resin layer is a flat plate.
- the spacer is bonded to a surface of the flat plate portion where the flat plate portion is exposed from the resin layer.
- the lens has an optical surface and a flange surface extending from the periphery of the optical surface, and the concavo-convex structure layer is provided on the optical surface.
- the lens has an optical surface and a flange surface extending from the periphery of the optical surface, and the uneven structure layer is provided on the optical surface and the flange surface.
- the uneven structure layer is provided on the optical surface and the flange surface.
- the lens is a first lens element and the optical member is a second lens element.
- the optical device functions as a lens unit in which a plurality of lens elements are combined.
- the lens is disposed at one of a position on the opposite side of the second lens element adjacent to the first lens element and a position on the opposite side of the first lens element adjacent to the second lens element.
- an image sensor for detecting the light beam that has passed through the first and second lens elements the optical device functions as an imaging device that combines the lens unit and the imaging device.
- the second lens element exposes the underlying base material without providing a fine concavo-convex structure layer formed of a heat-resistant resin and an antireflection film on the surface facing the space.
- the surface of the first lens element facing the sealed space can be formed with an uneven structure layer, and the surface of the second lens element facing the sealed space can be formed with an optical surface with the substrate exposed. Deterioration of the optical surface of the second lens element as well as the first lens element can be suppressed.
- the second lens element is formed of a heat resistant resin and has a fine concavo-convex structure layer on the surface facing the space.
- the surface of the first lens element facing the sealed space and the surface of the second lens element facing the sealed space may be formed of something other than an antireflection film such as an antireflection structure.
- an antireflection film or a protection is provided on at least one of the surface of the first lens element opposite to the second lens element and the surface of the second lens element opposite to the first lens element.
- a film is formed.
- a fine concavo-convex structure layer is formed on at least one of a surface of the first lens element opposite to the second lens element and a surface of the second lens element opposite to the first lens element. Is forming.
- the optical member is an image sensor that detects a light beam that has passed through a lens.
- the optical device functions as an imaging device that combines a lens and an imaging device.
- the concavo-convex structure layer includes an antireflection structure and a protective layer formed on the surface of the antireflection structure.
- the fine uneven shape of the antireflection structure can be protected from scratches, dust, dirt, and the like.
- an imaging apparatus includes the above-described optical device.
- Such an imaging apparatus maintains the optical performance of the lens portion even after a heat treatment such as a reflow process.
- a method for manufacturing an image pickup apparatus is a method for manufacturing an image pickup apparatus including a lens and an optical member facing the lens through a space, and should face the lens space.
- a step of forming a fine concavo-convex structure layer that is an antireflection layer formed of a heat-resistant resin on the inner surface, and a space sandwiched between the lens and the optical member is hermetically sealed by a sealing portion
- a fine concavo-convex structure layer formed of a heat-resistant resin is formed on the inner surface that should face the lens space, and a space sandwiched between the lens and the optical member is formed. Since the lens and the optical member are fixed to each other while being hermetically sealed by the sealing portion, even if the lens and the optical member fixed so as to form a sealed space after that are subjected to heat treatment Thus, it is possible to prevent the optical performance of the lens from being deteriorated due to wrinkles as in the case of providing an antireflection film.
- FIG. 5A is a plan view of a first optical element array that is a semi-finished product for manufacturing the lens unit of FIG. 1, and FIG. 5B is a cross-sectional view of the first optical element array shown in FIG. . It is sectional drawing of a 2nd optical element array. It is a flowchart explaining manufacturing processes, such as a 1st optical element array.
- FIGS. 8A to 8D are diagrams for explaining a molding process of the first optical element array. It is a conceptual diagram explaining the processing apparatus used for manufacture of a 1st optical element array.
- FIG. 10A is a diagram for explaining a patterning step during the manufacturing process of the first optical element array
- FIGS. 10B and 10C are diagrams for explaining an etching step
- FIG. 10D is a diagram for explaining a coating step.
- FIG. 12A is an appearance photograph when a concavo-convex structure layer is prepared in a sealed space and reflowed
- FIG. 12B is an appearance photograph when an antireflection film is provided in the sealed space and reflowed.
- FIG. 12A is an appearance photograph when a concavo-convex structure layer is prepared in a sealed space and reflowed
- FIG. 12B is an appearance photograph when an antireflection film is provided in the sealed space and reflowed.
- FIG. 12A is an appearance photograph when a concavo-convex structure layer is prepared in
- FIG. 13A is a diagram illustrating a camera module according to the second embodiment
- FIG. 13B is a diagram illustrating a structure before the camera module of FIG. 13A is cut. It is sectional drawing of the camera module of the modification of 2nd Embodiment. It is sectional drawing of the lens unit of 3rd Embodiment. It is sectional drawing of the lens unit of 4th Embodiment. It is a figure explaining the optical element array of 5th Embodiment. It is sectional drawing of the camera module of 6th Embodiment.
- a lens unit 300 shown in FIG. 1 is an optical device used as an imaging lens, for example.
- the lens unit (optical device) 300 includes a first compound lens 10 and a second compound lens 110.
- the first compound lens 10 and the second compound lens 110 are joined and integrated with each other by an adhesive layer 20 which is a sealing portion made of an adhesive.
- a sealed space SP is formed between the first compound lens 10 and the second compound lens 110.
- the first compound lens 10 can be considered as one of the plurality of optical elements constituting the lens unit 300.
- the second compound lens 110 is the other second lens element among the plurality of optical elements.
- the first compound lens 10 corresponds to a lens
- the second compound lens 110 corresponds to an optical member.
- the first compound lens 10 is a quadrangular prism-like member and has a quadrangular outline when viewed from the optical axis OA direction.
- the first compound lens 10 includes a main body portion 10a that functions optically and a flange portion 10b that exists around the main body portion 10a.
- the first compound lens 10 includes a first lens layer 11, a second lens layer 12, and a flat plate portion 13 sandwiched therebetween.
- the first main body layer 11 a is provided in the central portion around the optical axis OA of the compound lens 10 and has a circular outline.
- the first flange layer 11b extends around the first body layer 11a and has a rectangular outline.
- the second main body layer 12 a is provided in the central portion around the optical axis OA of the first compound lens 10 and has a circular outline.
- the second flange layer 12b extends around the second body layer 12a and has a rectangular outline.
- the first body layer 11a, the second body layer 12a, and the portion of the flat plate portion 13 sandwiched between these body layers 11a and 12a are the central body portion 10a of the first compound lens 10.
- the first flange layer 11 b, the second flange layer 12 b, and the portion sandwiched between the flange layers 11 b and 12 b of the flat plate portion 13 constitute the peripheral flange portion 10 b of the first compound lens 10. .
- the flat plate portion 13 is derived from the fact that the first compound lens 10 is cut out from a wafer lens described later and separated into pieces.
- the flat plate portion 13 is formed of glass, resin, photonic crystal, and those obtained by adding an additive thereto. In particular, glass and transparent resin excellent in light transmittance, and those obtained by adding additives to these are preferable.
- the first lens layer 11 is formed of a heat-resistant resin, and is shape-transferred and fixed to one surface of the flat plate portion 13.
- a material used for forming the first lens layer 11 for example, a photocurable resin, a thermosetting resin, an organic-inorganic hybrid material, or the like is used.
- the photocurable resin include acrylic resin, allyl resin, epoxy resin, and fluorine resin.
- thermosetting resin examples include a fluorine resin and a silicone resin.
- organic / inorganic hybrid material examples include a polyimide / titania hybrid.
- the material used for the first lens layer 11 is preferably an ultraviolet curable resin or a thermosetting resin, particularly considering heat resistance and good workability.
- a resin having a melting point of 200 ° C. or higher, or a resin that does not easily deteriorate such as cracks when heated at 200 ° C. or higher the first optical surface 11d is deteriorated in the reflow process after molding, and the shape of the antireflection structure described later. , Changes in color and the like can be suppressed.
- the reflow process is performed in the range of about 220 to 260 ° C., and the heat resistance of the first lens layer 11 means that the optical characteristics are maintained through the reflow process at 260 ° C.
- the second lens layer 12 is also formed of the same heat resistant resin as that of the first lens layer 11, and is shape-transferred and fixed to the other surface of the flat plate portion 13.
- the 1st lens layer 11 and the 2nd lens layer 12 can be formed with the same material within the range of said material, they can also be formed with a different material.
- the central main body 10a of the first compound lens 10 has a first optical surface 11d on the upper side of the paper, that is, the outer side, and a second optical surface 12d facing the space SP sealed on the lower side of the paper, that is, on the inner side.
- the peripheral flange portion 10b has a first flange surface 11g on the outer side and a second flange surface 12g facing a second flange surface 112g of a second compound lens 110 described later on the inner side.
- a diaphragm may be provided between the flat plate portion 13 and the first lens layer 11 or between the flat plate portion 13 and the second lens layer 12.
- the aperture of the diaphragm is arranged in alignment with each of the first and second main body layers 11a and 12a.
- an infrared cut filter may be provided between the flat plate portion 13 and the first lens layer 11 or between the flat plate portion 13 and the second lens layer 12.
- the second compound lens 110 is also a quadrangular prism-like member, and has a main body part 110a that functions optically and a flange part 110b that exists around the main body part 110a, like the first compound lens 10.
- the second compound lens 110 includes a first lens layer 111, a second lens layer 112, and a flat plate portion 113 sandwiched therebetween.
- the first main body layer 111 a is provided in the central portion around the optical axis OA of the compound lens 10 and has a circular outline.
- the first flange layer 111b extends around the first body layer 111a and has a rectangular outline.
- the second main body layer 112a is provided in the central portion around the optical axis OA of the second compound lens 110 and has a circular outline.
- the second flange layer 112b extends around the second body layer 112a and has a rectangular outline.
- the first body layer 111a, the second body layer 112a, and the portion of the flat plate portion 113 sandwiched between the body layers 111a and 112a are the central body portion 110a of the second compound lens 110.
- the first flange layer 111b, the second flange layer 112b, and the portion of the flat plate portion 113 sandwiched between the flange layers 111b and 112b constitute the peripheral flange portion 110b of the second compound lens 110. .
- the flat plate portion 113 is derived from the fact that the second compound lens 110 is cut out from a wafer lens to be described later and separated into pieces.
- the flat plate portion 113 is the same as the flat plate portion 13 of the first compound lens 10 and is formed of glass, resin, photonic crystal, and those obtained by adding an additive thereto.
- the first lens layer 111 is made of a heat-resistant resin like the first lens layer 11 of the first compound lens 10, and is shape-transferred and fixed to one surface of the flat plate portion 113. As described above, for example, a photocurable resin, a thermosetting resin, an organic-inorganic hybrid material, or the like is used as a material used for forming the first lens layer 111.
- the second lens layer 112 is also formed of the same heat resistant resin as the first lens layer 111, and the shape is transferred and fixed to the other surface of the flat plate portion 113.
- the main body 110a at the center of the second compound lens 110 has a first optical surface 111d on the lower side of the paper, that is, on the outside, and a second optical surface 112d facing the space SP sealed on the upper side of the paper, that is, on the inner side. That is, the second optical surface 112d is opposed to the first optical surface 12d of the first compound lens 10 through the sealed space SP.
- the peripheral flange portion 110b has a first flange surface 111g on the outer side, and a second flange surface 112g facing the second flange surface 12g of the first compound lens 10 on the inner side.
- a diaphragm may be provided between the flat plate portion 113 and the first lens layer 111 or between the flat plate portion 113 and the second lens layer 112.
- the aperture of the diaphragm is arranged in alignment with each of the first and second body layers 111a and 112a.
- the adhesive layer 20 is an adhesive that joins the flange portion 10 b of the first compound lens 10 and the flange portion 110 b of the second compound lens 110. That is, the adhesive layer 20 serves as a sealing portion that hermetically seals the space SP sandwiched between the first compound lens (first lens element) 10 and the second compound lens (second lens element) 110. It is functioning.
- an antireflection film 55 is formed as a coating layer on the first optical surface 11d exposed to the outside of the first lens layer 11. Is provided.
- the antireflection film 55 is formed by alternately laminating, for example, Ta 2 O 5 , TiO 2 or the like as a high refractive material, and SiO 2 or the like as a low refractive material.
- the antireflection film 55 is formed by, for example, vacuum deposition, sputtering, or the like.
- the antireflection film 55 can be replaced with a protective film made of an inorganic material such as SiO 2 or Al 2 O 3 .
- a protective film is formed by using, for example, vapor deposition, sputtering, ion beam sputtering, or the like.
- an antireflection structure 51 and a protective layer 52 are provided as a coating layer or an antireflection layer.
- the boundary between the second optical surface 12d and the antireflection structure 51 does not actually exist clearly, but is shown by a dotted line for convenience.
- the underlying second lens layer 12 is a portion facing the sealed space SP, and the antireflection structure 51 and the protective layer 52 are adjacent to the sealed space SP.
- the antireflection structure 51 is an antireflection layer for suppressing reflection on the second optical surface 12d, and has an uneven structure layer having fine unevenness randomly arranged in the second optical surface 12d and the like. It is made up of.
- the antireflection structure (uneven structure layer) 51 is an antireflection layer having a tapered structure in which the uneven density increases in volume as it goes toward the center of the optical element. That is, the antireflection structure 51 is a collection of substantially conical microscopic projections and forms a surface layer.
- the roughness (Rz: 10-point average roughness) of the antireflection structure 51 is 10 nm or more and 1000 nm or less.
- the roughness Rz of the antireflection structure 51 is preferably 50 nm or more and 800 nm or less, and more preferably 250 nm or more and 800 nm or less.
- the antireflection structure 51 is formed by using, for example, an ion beam. That is, the antireflection structure 51 is formed by etching the second lens layer 12 with an ion beam, and is substantially the same material as the base material of the second lens layer 12 of the first compound lens 10. Will be formed.
- the reflectance at a certain interface is determined by the difference in refractive index between the two spaces sandwiching the interface, and the surface reflectance increases as the difference increases. Since the antireflection structure 51 has a concavo-convex shape of the use wavelength level or less formed on the second optical surface 12d, a sharp refractive index change is caused between the antireflection structure 51 and the second optical surface 12d. There are no interfaces. Thereby, the refractive index change in the antireflection structure 51 becomes gradual, and the surface reflectance decreases. This effect does not depend on the wavelength or the incident angle.
- the antireflection structure 51 can suppress wavelength dependency and angle dependency as compared with a conventional structure having a low refractive index layer and a high refractive index layer.
- the principle of antireflection by a conventional structure having a high and low refractive index layer is based on light interference.
- the reflectance is reduced most at a wavelength four times the film thickness, and the apparent film thickness is substantial for light having an incident angle ⁇ . Appears as the product of film thickness and cos ⁇ .
- wavelength dependency and incident angle dependency appear.
- the protective layer 52 is coated on the entire surface of the second lens layer 12 and is also formed on the antireflection structure 51.
- the protective layer 52 is formed by using coating, vapor deposition, sputtering, ion beam sputtering, or the like. Note that vapor deposition, sputtering, and ion beam sputtering are preferably used because uniform and accurate film thickness control can be performed over a wide area.
- As a material of the protective layer 52 for example, SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 or the like is used.
- the thickness of the protective layer 52 is about 5 nm to 50 nm.
- the second lens layer of the first compound lens 10 shown in FIG. 2 is formed on the first optical surface 111 d exposed outside the first lens layer 111.
- an antireflection structure 51 and a protective layer 52 are provided. Since the structure of the antireflection structure 51 and the protective layer 52 is the same as that of the second lens layer 12, the description thereof is omitted.
- the antireflection structure 51 on the first optical surface 111d, it is possible to prevent reflection while suppressing wavelength dependency and incident angle dependency.
- the protective layer 52 on the antireflection structure 51 it is possible to impart dustproof, antifouling, wear resistance, electrostatic resistance, and the like to the first optical surface 111d and the like.
- the antireflection structure 51 and the protective layer 52 are not provided as the coating layer on the second optical surface 112d, and the antireflection film 55 shown in FIG. 2 is not provided.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining a modification of the surface structure of the second compound lens 110.
- the antireflection structure 51 and the protective layer 52 are provided on the first optical surface 111 d of the first lens layer 111.
- the antireflection structure 51 and the protective layer 52 are also provided on the second optical surface 112 d of the second lens layer 112.
- the antireflection structure 51 and the protective layer 52 can be formed so as to cover at least one of the first optical surfaces 11d and 111d outside the first compound lens 10 and the second compound lens 110. Further, an antireflection film 55 may be formed in place of the antireflection structure 51 and the protective layer 52 so as to cover at least one of the outer first optical surfaces 11d and 111d.
- the antireflection structure 51 and the protective layer 52 can be formed so as to cover at least one of the second optical surfaces 12d and 112d inside the first compound lens 10 and the second compound lens 110. Since the space SP faces the sealed space SP, conditions regarding durability and the like are moderate, and for example, the protective layer 52 can be omitted. It is not desirable to cover the second optical surfaces 12d and 112d with the multilayer antireflection film 55. Since the second optical surfaces 12d and 112d are opposed to the sealed space SP, when the antireflection film 55 is formed, when the heat treatment is performed in the subsequent reflow process, the lens layers 12 and 12d on the sealed space SP side are formed.
- the antireflection structure 51 may be formed not only on the optical surface but also on the flange surface.
- the antireflection structure 51 is formed on the second optical surface 12d of the first compound lens 10
- the antireflection structure 51 is formed not only on the second optical surface 12d but also on the second flange surface 12g. Also good.
- the antireflection structure 51 is formed on the second optical surface 12d, it is not necessary to cover the second flange surface 12g with a mask or the like, so that the manufacturing procedure can be simplified.
- the antireflection structure 51 when the antireflection structure 51 is provided on the second flange surface 12g, an adhesive can be put into the concavo-convex structure of the antireflection structure 51 to increase the adhesion surface area. Therefore, the second flange of the first compound lens 10 can be increased. The adhesive strength between the surface 12g and the second flange surface 112g of the second compound lens 110 can be further increased.
- the lens unit manufacturing method includes a step of forming a pair of optical element arrays, a step of stacking and bonding the pair of optical element arrays, and cutting the stacked optical element arrays into pieces. And a step of separating.
- the first optical element array 100 that is the basis of the first compound lens 10 has a disk shape, and includes a substrate 101, a first lens array layer 102, a second lens array layer 103, and the like.
- the optical element array 100 has a structure in which the compound lenses 10 shown in FIG. For convenience of explanation, only four compound lenses 10 are shown, but the actual optical element array 100 includes a large number of compound lenses 10.
- post-processes such as axial alignment of the compound lens 10 can be shortened.
- the first and second lens array layers 102 and 103 are bonded to the substrate 101 in alignment with each other with respect to translation in the XY plane perpendicular to the axis AX and rotation around the axis AX.
- the second optical element array 200 that is the basis of the second compound lens 110 has the same structure as the first optical element array 100 of FIG. 5B, and includes a substrate 101 and a first lens array layer. 102 and a second lens array layer 103.
- the manufacturing process of the first optical element array 100 basically includes a molding process in which a resin is applied to the substrate 101 and molded.
- the antireflection structure 51 and the like are formed on the surface of the first optical element array 100.
- a composite coating process in which high and low refractive materials are alternately stacked is added.
- the first lens array layer 102 is molded on one surface 101b of the substrate 101 (first half of step S11 in FIG. 7).
- the substrate 101 is previously fixed on the stage SS using a spacer 43 that sandwiches the side surface 101a.
- a resin coating apparatus (not shown) is operated to apply resin on the surface 101b on the upper side of the substrate 101 fixed on the stage SS, and the first mold 41 is directed toward the substrate 101 on which the resin is applied. Descent. With the upper end surface 43b perpendicular to the support surface 43a of the spacer 43 in contact with the outer edge portion 41e of the first mold 41, the resin thickness between the substrate 101 and the first mold 41, that is, the first lens array layer.
- the thickness of the 102 first flange layer 11b is defined. Thereafter, a UV light generator (not shown) is operated to irradiate UV light from the upper side of the first mold 41 and sandwiched between one surface 101b of the substrate 101 and the transfer surface 41a of the first mold 41. The obtained resin is solidified to form the first lens array layer 102. At this time, a first molding surface 102a to which the first molding die 41 is transferred is formed on the first lens array layer 102 (see FIG. 5B).
- the second lens array layer 103 is formed on the other surface 101c of the substrate 101 (the second half of step S11). Specifically, as shown in FIG. 8B, the substrate 101 and the first mold 41 are inverted in a state of being integrated through the first lens array layer 102, and the other surface 101c of the substrate 101 is on the upper side. To fix. In this state, a resin coating apparatus (not shown) is operated to apply a resin onto the surface 101c on the upper side of the substrate 101, and the second mold 42 is lowered toward the substrate 101 to which the resin is applied.
- the resin thickness between the substrate 101 and the second mold 42 that is, the second flange layer of the second lens array layer 103.
- a thickness of 12b is defined.
- a UV light generator (not shown) is operated to irradiate UV light from the upper side of the second mold 42 and sandwiched between the other surface 101c of the substrate 101 and the transfer surface 42a of the second mold 42.
- the obtained resin is solidified to form the second lens array layer 103.
- a second molding surface 103a to which the second molding die 42 is transferred is formed on the second lens array layer 103 (see FIG. 5B).
- the substrate 101 is sandwiched between the first and second molds 41 and 42 from the side. Remove the arranged spacer 43. Finally, as shown in FIG. 8D, the first optical element array 100 is released from the first and second molding dies 41, 42 by separating the first and second molding dies 41, 42 (step S12). ).
- the processing apparatus 60 shown in FIG. 9 is an apparatus for forming an antireflection layer on the molding surfaces 102a and 103a of the first optical element array 100 shown in FIG. 8D.
- the processing device 60 is particularly for forming the antireflection structure 51 and the protective layer 52 on the molding surface 103 a of the first optical element array 100, but reflects on the molding surface 102 a of the first optical element array 100. It can also be used when the prevention film 55 is formed.
- the process of forming the antireflection structure 51 and the protective layer 52 includes the patterning process, the etching process, and the coating process as described above.
- the processing apparatus 60 includes a vacuum chamber 61, a stage 62, an ion gun 63, a neutralization gun 64, a vapor deposition apparatus 65, gas supply units 66 and 67, a gas discharge unit 68, and a control unit 69.
- a stage 62 In the vacuum chamber 61, a stage 62, an ion gun 63, a neutralizing gun 64, and a vapor deposition device 65 are provided.
- the vacuum chamber 61 communicates with the gas supply units 66 and 67 through the port 61a, and communicates with the gas discharge unit 68 through the port 61b.
- the stage 62 is provided in the upper part of the vacuum chamber 61, and can move three-dimensionally.
- the first optical element array 100 is placed and fixed on the stage surface 62a of the stage 62 facing the ion gun 63 and the like. By adjusting the position of the stage 62, the position of the optical element array 100 with respect to the ion gun 63 and the like is adjusted.
- the ion gun 63 is for forming the antireflection structure 51 on the first and second optical surfaces 11 d and 12 d of the optical element array 100.
- the ion gun 63 ionizes the supplied gas and applies a beam voltage between the anode 63 a and the cathode 63 b of the ion gun 63.
- the ion gun 63 accelerates and passes ionized gas (for example, positive ions) to the cathode 63b side, and emits it into the vacuum chamber 61 as an ion beam.
- the emitted ion beam is applied to the first and second optical surfaces 11 d and 12 d of the optical element array 100 on the stage 62.
- the exposed resin portions where the mask pattern MA described later is not formed on the first and second optical surfaces 11d and 12d are etched.
- the neutralizing gun 64 is for neutralizing ions in the ion beam to suppress the influence of the electrolytic distribution.
- the neutralization gun 64 releases electrons generated by ionization to the vacuum chamber 61, the gas ionized by the ion gun 63 is neutralized by the electrons.
- the vapor deposition device 65 is for forming a mask pattern MA, which will be described later, on the optical element array 100 in the patterning step, and for forming the protective layer 52 in the coating step.
- the vapor deposition apparatus 65 performs vacuum vapor deposition of, for example, SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , MgF 2 , ZrO 2 , TiO 2 , Ta 2 O 5 , CeO 2 or the like.
- an island-like pattern to be the mask pattern MA and a thin film to be the protective layer 52 can be formed on the first and second optical surfaces 11 d and 12 d of the first optical element array 100.
- the antireflection film 55 can be formed on the first optical surface 11 d of the optical element array 100.
- a sputtering device or an ion beam sputtering device is provided instead of the vapor deposition device 65, sputtering, ion beam sputtering, or the like can be performed.
- the gas supply units 66 and 67 supply an introduction gas for irradiating an ion beam.
- an introduction gas an inert gas and a reactive gas are used.
- the inert gas include argon (Ar), nitrogen (N 2 ), helium (He), krypton (Kr), neon (Ne), and a mixed gas thereof.
- An example of the reactive gas is oxygen (O 2 ).
- the gas discharge unit 68 is for adjusting the degree of vacuum in the vacuum chamber 61. The inside of the vacuum chamber 61 is exhausted to a predetermined degree of vacuum by the gas discharge unit 68.
- the control unit 69 is for controlling operations of the stage 62, the ion gun 63, the neutralization gun 64, the vapor deposition device 65, and the gas discharge unit 68.
- etching with the ion gun 63 is desirable from the viewpoint of etching a large area quickly and uniformly.
- the patterning step is performed as a pretreatment when the ion beam is irradiated to form the antireflection structure 51 on the second optical surface 12d of the first optical element array 100.
- a mask pattern MA is formed on the second optical surface 12d (step S13).
- the mask pattern MA is a fine island pattern as shown in an enlarged view in FIG. 10A.
- the mask pattern MA has a plurality of islands IM arranged at random.
- the patterning step is performed using a technique such as film deposition, photoresist application, etching, or the like. For example, when a film deposition method is used, an initial process of thin film growth is used.
- the optical element array 100 is disposed on the stage 62 of the processing apparatus 60 of FIG. 9, and the ion beam emitted from the ion gun 63 is the target surface of the optical element array 100, that is, the second optical surface 12d. To be irradiated. Then, the gas in the vacuum chamber 61 is exhausted by the gas discharge unit 68. Next, an introduction gas is introduced into the vacuum chamber 61.
- the introduction gas for example, Ar, O 2 , N 2 , He, Kr, Ne, or a mixed gas thereof is used.
- the introduction gas for example, Ar, O 2 , N 2 , He, Kr, Ne, or a mixed gas thereof is used.
- the introduction gas for example, Ar, O 2 , N 2 , He, Kr, Ne, or a mixed gas thereof is used.
- the introduction gas for example, Ar, O 2 , N 2 , He, Kr, Ne, or a mixed gas thereof is used.
- the introduction gas for example, Ar, O 2 , N
- the pressure of the introduced gas is more preferably 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 Pa or less, for example. Etching at a lower gas pressure lengthens the mean free path of ions. Therefore, the kinetic energy of ions is not easily lost before colliding with the second optical surface 12d, and the etching rate is increased.
- An ion beam is emitted in the state of the vacuum chamber 61 described above, and ion irradiation is performed on the second optical surface 12d. At this time, the acceleration energy of ions is 1 W to 100 kW.
- the portion of the optical element array 100 where the resin is exposed is etched together with the island IM of the mask pattern MA.
- the antireflection structure 51 having a structure in which the concave-convex volume density increases from the incident light side toward the optical element center side is formed (step S14).
- the mask pattern MA may be removed by adjusting the ion beam as shown in FIG. 10C.
- the vapor deposition material from the vapor deposition apparatus 65 is the target surface of the optical element array 100, that is, the second optical surface. It is made to deposit in 12d.
- the protective layer 52 can be coated on the reflection preventing structure 51 (step S15).
- a coating method sputtering, ion beam sputtering, coating, and the like are used in addition to the above-described deposition. Note that vapor deposition, sputtering, ion beam sputtering, and the like are preferable because uniform and accurate film thickness control can be performed over a wide area.
- the first optical element array 100 on the stage 62 of the processing apparatus 60 shown in FIG. 9 is inverted. That is, with the optical element array 100 disposed on the stage 62, the vapor deposition material from the vapor deposition apparatus 65 is deposited on the target surface of the optical element array 100, that is, the first optical surface 11d.
- An antireflection film 55 is formed on the first optical surface 11d by alternately depositing a high refractive material and a low refractive material.
- the second optical element array 200 is also produced by repeating the same steps as the production of the first optical element array 100 (Y in step S16, Y, Steps S11 to S15).
- the first optical element array 100 and the second optical element array 200 having the antireflection structure 51, the protective layer 52, and the like formed on the surface are aligned and stacked and bonded to each other (step S21).
- an ultraviolet curable adhesive is used, and curing by ultraviolet irradiation and finishing by heating are performed.
- the stacked optical element arrays 100 and 200 are cut (step S22). This cutting process includes a laser and a rotary saw. As described above, it is possible to obtain the lens unit 300 in which the laminated body of the optical element arrays 100 and 200 is separated.
- the camera module 70 is a small camera part (optical device) that combines an image sensor that is an image sensor and an imaging lens that is a lens unit, and can capture an image to be imaged. As shown in FIG. 11, the camera module 70 includes a main body module 71 and a lens module 72. In the imaging device 400, the camera module 70 is incorporated on a circuit board BB on which electronic components constituting an electronic circuit of a mobile information terminal device such as a mobile phone are mounted. Specifically, the entire camera module 70 is mounted on the circuit board BB by mounting the main body module 71 on the circuit board BB.
- the main body module 71 is a light receiving module in which an image sensor 73 that is an image sensor such as a CCD (Charge Coupled Device) or CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) is mounted on the sub-substrate SB in advance.
- the upper part of the image sensor 73 is sealed with a sealing body 74.
- a light receiving portion 73a in which a number of pixels that perform photoelectric conversion are arranged in a grid pattern is formed.
- an image signal obtained by photoelectric conversion in each pixel is output.
- the sub board SB is mounted on the circuit board BB with lead-free solder 75. Thereby, the camera module 70 including the sub board SB is fixed to the circuit board BB.
- the connection electrode (not shown) of the sub board SB and the circuit electrode (not shown) on the upper surface of the circuit board BB are electrically connected.
- the lens module 72 is a cylindrical holder that supports the lens unit 300 as an imaging lens, and includes an outer frame 77 that also functions as a sealing portion.
- a lens unit 300 is held on the upper portion of the outer frame 77.
- a lower portion of the outer frame 77 is a mounting portion 77b that is inserted into a mounting hole IS provided in the sub-substrate SB and fixes the lens module 72 to the sub-substrate SB.
- a method of pressing and fixing the mounting portion 77b into the mounting hole IS, a method of bonding with an adhesive, or the like is used.
- the lens unit 300 includes the first and second compound lenses 10 and 110 as described above (see FIG. 1), and forms an image of the reflected light from the subject on the light receiving unit 73a of the image sensor 73. Note that an infrared (IR) cut filter layer (not shown) is embedded in the lens unit 300 so as to cover the surface of the flat plate portion 13.
- IR infrared
- the manufacturing process of the camera module 70 shown in FIG. The lens unit 300 is fixed to the outer frame 77, and the outer frame 77 is connected to the sub board SB using the mounting portion 77b.
- An image sensor 73 is attached to the sub-substrate SB, and the lens unit 300 can be brought into an image state on the light receiving portion 73a of the image sensor 73. That is, the camera module 70 is completed. Thereafter, the camera module 70 and other electronic components are placed at a predetermined mounting position of the circuit board BB to which the solder 75 has been applied (potted) in advance.
- the circuit board BB on which the camera module 70 and other electronic components are placed is transferred to a reflow furnace (not shown) by a belt conveyor or the like, and the circuit board BB is subjected to a reflow process and heated at a temperature of about 260 ° C. .
- the solder 75 is melted, the camera module 70 is mounted on the circuit board BB together with other electronic components, and the imaging device 400 is formed.
- the lens unit 300 is exposed to a high temperature of about 220 to 260 ° C., but the second optical surfaces 12d and 112d facing the space SP inside the lens unit 300 are provided with the antireflection structure 51 and the protective layer. Since it is covered with 52 or the base is exposed, problems such as wrinkles like the antireflection film 55 do not occur.
- FIG. 12A is an external view showing a state of the second optical surfaces 12d and 112d formed inside the compound lenses 10 and 110 constituting the lens unit 300 of the embodiment.
- FIG. 12B is an external view showing the state of the optical surface formed in the sealed space of the lens unit of the comparative example.
- the optical surfaces 12d and 112d are relatively smooth, but in the case of the comparative example shown in FIG. 12B, irregular wrinkles are formed on the optical surface.
- the base material of the antireflection structure 51 a concave surface of a double-sided lens molded with a thermosetting resin is used.
- a very thin TiO 2 film (about 3 nm) is formed on a substrate, and the formed ultrathin film of TiO 2 is subjected to an ion beam etching process using a mixed gas of Ar and O 2 , thereby preventing the reflection preventing structure 51.
- the antireflection film 55 is also the same as the base material of the antireflection structure 51, that is, a concave surface of a double-sided lens.
- a five-layer coat of a low refractive index material (Substance L5) mainly composed of SiO 2 and CeO 2 which is a high refractive index material is equivalent to a total of 240 nm (23 nm, 23.3 nm, 41.1 nm from the substrate side, 50 nm, 103.6 nm), and the antireflection film 55 was produced.
- the antireflection film 55 was formed as described above at a high temperature of 190 ° C. in order to impart high temperature resistance.
- the antireflection structure 51 and the antireflection film 55 obtained as described above were bonded to other lenses so as to be on the sealed side, and used as test samples.
- the test contents relating to the thermal durability of the sample of the example in which the antireflection structure 51 is formed and the sample of the comparative example in which the antireflection film 55 is formed are 2 using an infrared heating furnace at a surface temperature of 217 ° C. or higher.
- the high-temperature test for 30 minutes (set to reach a maximum temperature of 260 ° C. during this 2 minutes and 30 seconds) was performed three times in succession. After three times of heating as described above, the sample was cooled to room temperature, and the antireflection structure 51 and the antireflection film 55 were observed with a microscope. The results were as shown in FIGS. 12A and 12B as already described.
- At least one of the compound lenses 10 and 110 formed of a heat-resistant resin has an antireflection structure as a fine concavo-convex structure layer on the inner surface facing the space. 51, it is possible to prevent the optical performance of the lens from deteriorating due to wrinkles as in the case of providing an antireflection film even if heat treatment is performed thereafter.
- the camera module 270 includes an image sensor chip 271 and a lens unit 300.
- the camera module 270 is an optical device itself, but includes a lens unit 300 that is an optical device as a part thereof. Note that the camera module 270 is incorporated into the imaging device 400 through a reflow process, similarly to the camera module 70 of FIG.
- the lens unit 300 has substantially the same structure as that shown in FIG. 1, but the second compound lens 110 has a lens support 277 extending from the first flange layer 111b.
- the lens support 277 is a rectangular frame-shaped member that functions as a spacer or a sealing portion, and projects from the first main body layer 111a of the second compound lens 110 toward the image sensor chip 271 along the optical axis OA. .
- the antireflection structure 51 and the protective layer 52 can be formed so as to cover the outer first optical surface 11d. Further, an antireflection film 55 may be formed in place of the antireflection structure 51 and the protective layer 52 so as to cover the outer first optical surface 11d. Further, the antireflection structure 51 and the protective layer 52 are provided so as to cover the inner first optical surface 111d facing the sensor-side space SP and the second optical surfaces 12d and 112d facing the space SP between the lenses. Although it can be formed, the antireflection film 55 is not formed.
- the image sensor chip 271 includes a silicon chip 273 and a supporting glass substrate 274.
- a sensor body 79 such as a CCD or CMOS is formed on the surface of the outer silicon chip 273.
- Electrode pads 273a and 273b are formed on the periphery of the surface of the silicon chip 273. These electrode pads 273a and 273b are connected to an input / output circuit of the image sensor chip 271.
- Rewiring portions 273c and 273d that pass through the silicon chip 273 and reach the back surface of the image sensor chip 271 are connected to the lower surfaces of the electrode pads 273a and 273b.
- the rewiring portions 273c and 273d are exposed on the periphery of the back surface of the silicon chip 273.
- Bump electrodes 273e and 273f are formed on the rewiring portions 273c and 273d on the back surface of the silicon chip 273.
- the inner support glass substrate 274 is for supporting the silicon chip 273 and is provided so as to cover the CCD, the CMOS, and the like.
- the camera module 270 of the second embodiment cuts and separates from a combination of the first and second optical element arrays 100 and 200 and an image sensor array 500 in which a plurality of sensor bodies 79 such as CCDs and CMOSs are formed. Manufactured by.
- the first and second optical element arrays 100 and 200 and the image sensor array 500 are manufactured.
- the imaging element array 500 a plurality of image sensor chips 271 that are imaging elements are arranged corresponding to the positions of the lens units 300 of the stacked optical element arrays 100 and 200.
- the pair of optical element arrays 100 and 200 and the image sensor array 500 are stacked to produce the structure CS.
- Elements constituting the structure CS are fixed to each other by an adhesive.
- the structure CS in which the pair of optical element arrays 100 and 200 and the image sensor array 500 are bonded is cut along the boundary between two adjacent image sensor chips 271 with a laser, a rotary saw, or the like. Thereby, the camera module 270 separated into pieces is produced.
- the camera module 270 is mounted on a target circuit board (not shown) via bump electrodes 273e and 273f on the back surface of the image sensor chip (imaging device) 271.
- the camera module 70 and other electronic components are placed at a predetermined mounting position of the circuit board to which solder has been applied (potted) in advance.
- the circuit board on which the camera module 270 and other electronic components are placed is transferred to a reflow furnace (not shown) by a belt conveyor or the like, and the circuit board is subjected to a reflow process and heated at a temperature of about 220 to 260 ° C. To do.
- the solder is melted, and the camera module 270 is mounted on the circuit board together with other electronic components to form an imaging device.
- FIG. 14 shows a modification of the camera module 270 shown in FIG. 13A.
- the camera module 270 is not a lens unit but an imaging device (optical device) formed by bonding the first compound lens 10 and the image sensor chip 271.
- the first compound lens 10 corresponds to a lens
- the image sensor chip 271 corresponds to an optical member.
- a lens support 277 that functions as a sealing portion is provided on the first compound lens 10 in order to adjust the distance between the first compound lens 10 and the image sensor chip 271.
- a sealed space SP is formed between the first compound lens 10 and the image sensor chip 271.
- the first compound lens 10 is an imaging lens constituting an optical device or an imaging device
- the image sensor chip 271 is an image sensor that detects a light beam that has passed through the first compound lens 10.
- the antireflection structure 51 and the protective layer 52 can be formed so as to cover the first optical surface 11d outside the first compound lens 10. Further, an antireflection film 55 may be formed in place of the antireflection structure 51 and the protective layer 52 so as to cover the outer first optical surface 11d.
- the second optical surface 12d inside the first compound lens 10 faces the space SP, and the antireflection structure 51 and the protective layer 52 are formed so as to cover the second optical surface 12d. can do. Note that it is not desirable to cover the second optical surface 12d with the multilayer antireflection film 55.
- the lens unit (optical device) according to the third embodiment will be described below. Note that the lens unit of the third embodiment is a modification of the lens unit of the first embodiment, and parts not specifically described are the same as those of the first embodiment.
- the lens unit 1001 (optical device) of the third embodiment includes a first compound lens 10, a second compound lens 110, and a lens barrel 377.
- the first compound lens 10 and the second compound lens 110 are bonded so as to be fitted into a lens barrel 377 that is a sealing portion, and are fixed in a state where they are positioned with respect to each other via a lens barrel (sealing portion) 377.
- an adhesive is filled between the side surfaces S1 and the like of the first and second compound lenses 10 and 110 and the inner surface S2 and the like of the lens barrel 377 to prevent air leakage.
- a sealed space SP is formed between the first compound lens 10 and the second compound lens 110.
- the antireflection structure 51 and the protective layer 52 can be formed so as to cover at least one of the first optical surfaces 11d and 111d outside the first compound lens 10 and the second compound lens 110. Further, an antireflection film 55 may be formed in place of the antireflection structure 51 and the protective layer 52 so as to cover at least one of the outer first optical surfaces 11d and 111d.
- the antireflection structure 51 and the protective layer 52 can be formed so as to cover at least one of the second optical surfaces 12d and 112d inside the first compound lens 10 and the second compound lens 110. Note that it is not desirable to cover the second optical surfaces 12d and 112d with the multilayer antireflection film 55.
- the lens unit (optical device) according to the fourth embodiment will be described below.
- the lens unit according to the fourth embodiment is a modification of the lens unit according to the first embodiment, and parts not particularly described are the same as those in the first embodiment.
- the lens unit 1002 (optical device) of the fourth embodiment includes a first compound lens 10, a second compound lens 110, and a spacer 477.
- the first compound lens 10 and the second compound lens 110 are bonded to the spacer 477 so as to sandwich the spacer 477 which is a sealing portion, and are positioned with respect to each other via the spacer (sealing portion) 477. It is fixed with.
- an adhesive is filled between the second flange surfaces 12g and 112g of the first and second compound lenses 10 and 110 and the support surface S3 of the spacer 477 to prevent air leakage.
- a sealed space SP is formed between the first compound lens 10 and the second compound lens 110.
- the antireflection structure 51 and the protective layer 52 can be formed so as to cover at least one of the first optical surfaces 11d and 111d outside the first compound lens 10 and the second compound lens 110. Further, an antireflection film 55 may be formed in place of the antireflection structure 51 and the protective layer 52 so as to cover at least one of the outer first optical surfaces 11d and 111d.
- the antireflection structure 51 and the protective layer 52 can be formed so as to cover at least one of the second optical surfaces 12d and 112d inside the first compound lens 10 and the second compound lens 110. Note that it is not desirable to cover the second optical surfaces 12d and 112d with the multilayer antireflection film 55.
- the antireflection structure 51 may be formed on the second flange surfaces 12g and 112g. When the antireflection structure 51 is formed on the second flange surfaces 12g and 112g, an adhesive can be inserted into the concavo-convex structure of the antireflection structure 51 to increase the adhesion surface area. Therefore, the second flange of the first compound lens 10 can be increased. The adhesive strength between the surface 12g and the support surface S3 of the spacer 477 and the adhesive strength between the second flange surface 112g of the second compound lens 110 and the support surface S3 of the spacer 477 can be further increased.
- optical element array according to the fifth embodiment will be described below.
- the optical element array of the fifth embodiment is a modification of the optical element array of the first embodiment, and parts not specifically described are the same as those of the first embodiment.
- the substrate 101 is not provided in the optical element array 510 of the fifth embodiment. That is, the optical element array 510 includes the first lens array layer 102 and the second lens array layer 103. As described above, when the molded first and second lens array layers 102 and 103 themselves are stable in shape and can be molded easily, the substrate 101 may not be used. In FIG. 17, for convenience, the boundary between the first lens array layer 102 and the second lens array layer 103 is indicated by a dotted line, but the first and second lens array layers 102 and 103 are formed integrally. Can do.
- the camera module 670 includes an image sensor chip 271 and a lens unit 1003.
- the camera module 670 is an optical device itself, but includes a lens unit 1003 that is an optical device as a part thereof.
- the lens unit 1003 includes a first compound lens 10, a second compound lens 110, and spacers 577 and 677.
- the outer diameters of the flat plate portions 13 and 113 are larger than the outer diameters of the first and second lens layers 11, 111, 12, and 112.
- the portions of the flat plate portions 13 and 113 exposed from the first and second lens layers 11, 111, 12, and 112 are flat surfaces and have an area that can support the spacers 577 and 677.
- the first compound lens 10 is not formed in a state where the first and second lens array layers 102 and 103 are connected, but the first compound lens 10 of each first compound lens 10.
- the portions corresponding to the first and second lens layers 11 and 12 are separately formed.
- the first compound lens may be individually manufactured without manufacturing the first optical element array 100. The same applies to the production of the second compound lens 110.
- the flat plate portion 13 of the first compound lens 10 and the flat plate portion 113 of the second compound lens 110 are bonded to the spacer 577 so as to sandwich the spacer 577 which is a sealing portion, and the spacer (sealing portion) 577 is interposed therebetween. They are fixed while being positioned with respect to each other. At this time, air leakage is prevented between the surfaces 13d and 113d where the flat plate portions 13 and 113 are exposed from the second lens layers 12 and 112 of the first and second compound lenses 10 and 110 and the support surface S3 of the spacer 577.
- the adhesive is filled as shown. As a result, a sealed space SP is formed between the first compound lens 10 and the second compound lens 110.
- the flat plate portion 113 and the image sensor chip 271 of the second compound lens 110 are bonded to the spacer 677 so as to sandwich the spacer 677 that is a sealing portion, and are positioned with respect to each other via the spacer (sealing portion) 677. It is fixed in the state. At this time, an adhesive is filled between the surface 113e where the flat plate portion 113 is exposed from the first lens layer 111 of the second compound lens 110 and the support surface S3 of the spacer 677 so as to prevent air leakage. An adhesive is also filled between the surface of the image sensor chip 271 and the support surface S3 of the spacer 677. As a result, a sealed space SP is formed between the first compound lens 10 and the image sensor chip 271.
- the antireflection structure 51 and the protective layer 52 can be formed so as to cover the outer first optical surface 11d. Further, an antireflection film 55 may be formed in place of the antireflection structure 51 and the protective layer 52 so as to cover the outer first optical surface 11d. Further, the antireflection structure 51 and the protective layer 52 are provided so as to cover the inner first optical surface 111d facing the sensor-side space SP and the second optical surfaces 12d and 112d facing the space SP between the lenses. Although it can be formed, the antireflection film 55 is not formed.
- the bonding surfaces of the flat plate portions 13 and 113 bonded to the spacers 577 and 677 are flat. Since glass is harder to be etched than resin, even if the second optical surfaces 12d, 112d and the like are etched, the flat plate portions 13, 113 made of glass are not etched. That is, the concavo-convex structure (antireflection structure) is not formed on the exposed portions of the flat plate portions 13 and 113. Therefore, the adhesion surface between the spacers 577 and 677 and the flat plate portions 13 and 113 can be made flat. Thereby, compared with the case where it adhere
- the optical element array manufacturing method and the like according to the present embodiment have been described above, the optical element array manufacturing method and the like according to the present invention are not limited to those described above.
- the shape and size of the first and second optical surfaces 11d, 12d, 111d, and 112d can be changed as appropriate according to the application and function.
- the first compound lens 10 includes the first lens layer 11, the second lens layer 12, and the flat plate portion 13, but either the first lens layer 11 or the second lens layer 12 is used. One can be omitted. Similarly, in the first compound lens 110, either the first lens layer 111 or the second lens layer 112 can be omitted.
- various methods can be used for forming the optical element arrays 100 and 200 other than a method using a mold in which a resin is poured into a mold and solidified.
- the optical element array 100 may be manufactured using thermal fusion, heat treatment, vapor deposition, injection molding, coating, etching after deposition, or the like.
- a method using injection molding or a mold is preferable.
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Abstract
Description
図面を参照して、本発明の第1実施形態に係る光学装置であるレンズユニットの構造や製造方法等について説明する。
図1に示すレンズユニット300は、例えば撮像レンズとして用いられる光学装置である。レンズユニット(光学装置)300は、第1複合レンズ10と第2複合レンズ110とを備える。第1複合レンズ10と第2複合レンズ110とは、接着剤からなる封止部である接着剤層20によって互いに接合されて一体化されている。結果的に、第1複合レンズ10と第2複合レンズ110との間には、密閉された空間SPが形成されている。ここで、第1複合レンズ10は、レンズユニット300を構成する複数の光学要素のうち一方の第1レンズ素子と考えることができる。この場合、第2複合レンズ110は、上記複数の光学要素のうち他方の第2レンズ素子となる。なお、図1に示すレンズユニット300において、第1複合レンズ10がレンズ、第2複合レンズ110が光学部材に相当する。
図2に拡大して示すように、第1複合レンズ10において、第1レンズ層11の外側に露出する第1光学面11d上には、被覆層として反射防止膜55が設けられている。反射防止膜55は、高屈折材料として例えばTa2O5、TiO2等を、低屈折材料として例えばSiO2等を交互に積層させて形成されている。反射防止膜55は、例えば真空蒸着、スパッタリング等によって形成する。なお、反射防止膜55は、SiO2、Al2O3等の無機材料からなる保護膜に置き換えることもできる。かかる保護膜は、例えば蒸着、スパッタリング、イオンビームスパッタリング等を用いることで形成される。
レンズユニットの製造方法は、一対の光学要素アレイを形成する工程と、一対の光学要素アレイを積層して接合する工程と、積層された光学要素アレイを切断して個片化する工程とを備える。
以下、図11を参照しつつ、レンズユニット300を組み付けたカメラモジュール70について説明する。
以下、レンズユニット300の具体的な実施例と参考の比較例とについて対比しつつ説明する。
以下、第2実施形態に係るカメラモジュール等について説明する。なお、第2実施形態のカメラモジュール等は第1実施形態のカメラモジュール等を変形したものであり、特に説明しない部分は第1実施形態と同様であるものとする。
以下、第3実施形態に係るレンズユニット(光学装置)について説明する。なお、第3実施形態のレンズユニットは第1実施形態のレンズユニットを変形したものであり、特に説明しない部分は第1実施形態と同様であるものとする。
以下、第4実施形態に係るレンズユニット(光学装置)について説明する。なお、第4実施形態のレンズユニットは第1実施形態のレンズユニットを変形したものであり、特に説明しない部分は第1実施形態と同様であるものとする。
以下、第5実施形態に係る光学要素アレイ等について説明する。なお、第5実施形態の光学要素アレイ等は第1実施形態の光学要素アレイ等を変形したものであり、特に説明しない部分は第1実施形態と同様であるものとする。
以下、第6実施形態に係るカメラモジュール等について説明する。なお、第6実施形態のカメラモジュール等は第1実施形態のカメラモジュール等を変形したものであり、特に説明しない部分は第1実施形態と同様であるものとする。
Claims (18)
- レンズと、
空間を介して前記レンズに対向する光学部材と、
前記レンズと前記光学部材との間に挟まれた空間を気密に封止する封止部と、を備える光学装置であって、
前記レンズは、耐熱性樹脂で形成され、前記空間に臨む内側の表面に反射防止層である微細な凹凸構造層を有し、前記凹凸構造層は、前記レンズの基材と実質的に同一の材料であって、前記凹凸構造層と前記レンズの基材は一体に形成されている光学装置。 - 前記耐熱性樹脂は、熱硬化性樹脂と光硬化性樹脂とのいずれかである、請求項1に記載の光学装置。
- 前記封止部は、前記レンズと前記光学部材とを光路外で接合する接着剤である、請求項1に記載の光学装置。
- 前記封止部は、前記レンズと前記光学部材とを相互に位置決めして保持する鏡筒である、請求項1に記載の光学装置。
- 前記封止部は、前記レンズと前記光学部材とを相互に位置決めして接合するスペーサーである、請求項1に記載の光学装置。
- 前記レンズは、平板部を有し、
前記平板部は、少なくとも前記空間に臨む内側の面に前記耐熱樹脂で形成される樹脂層を有し、
前記樹脂層の外径は、前記平板部の外径より小さく、
前記スペーサーは、前記平板部のうち前記樹脂層から前記平板部が露出する面に接合する、請求項5に記載の光学装置。 - 前記レンズは、光学面と前記光学面の周囲から延びるフランジ面とを有し、
前記凹凸構造層は、前記光学面に設けられる、請求項1に記載の光学装置。 - 前記レンズは、光学面と前記光学面の周囲から延びるフランジ面とを有し、
前記凹凸構造層は、前記光学面及び前記フランジ面に設けられる、請求項1に記載の光学装置。 - 前記レンズは、第1レンズ素子であり、
前記光学部材は、第2レンズ素子である、請求項1に記載の光学装置。 - 前記第1レンズ素子に隣接する前記第2レンズ素子の反対側の位置と、前記第2レンズ素子に隣接する前記第1レンズ素子の反対側の位置とのいずれか一方に配置され、前記第1及び第2レンズ素子を通過した光束を検出する撮像素子をさらに備える、請求項9に記載の光学装置。
- 前記第2レンズ素子は、前記空間に臨む表面に耐熱性樹脂で形成された微細な凹凸構造層と反射防止膜とを設けないで下地の基材を露出させている、請求項9及び10のいずれか一項に記載の光学装置。
- 前記第2レンズ素子は、耐熱性樹脂で形成され、前記空間に臨む表面に微細な凹凸構造層を有する、請求項9及び10のいずれか一項に記載の光学装置。
- 前記第1レンズ素子の前記第2レンズ素子の反対側の面と、前記第2レンズ素子の前記第1レンズ素子の反対側の面との少なくとも一方に、反射防止膜又は保護膜を形成した、請求項9に記載の光学装置。
- 前記第1レンズ素子の前記第2レンズ素子の反対側の面と、前記第2レンズ素子の前記第1レンズ素子の反対側の面との少なくとも一方に、微細な凹凸構造層を形成した、請求項9に記載の光学装置。
- 前記光学部材は、前記レンズを通過した光束を検出する撮像素子である、請求項1に記載の光学装置。
- 前記凹凸構造層は、反射防止構造体と、当該反射防止構造体の表面に形成された保護層とを有する、請求項1に記載の光学装置。
- 請求項1に記載の光学装置を備えた撮像装置。
- レンズと、空間を介して前記レンズに対向する光学部材と、を備える撮像装置の製造方法であって、
前記レンズの前記空間に臨むべき内側の表面に耐熱性樹脂で形成された反射防止層である微細な凹凸構造層を形成する工程と、
前記レンズと前記光学部材との間に挟まれた前記空間を封止部によって気密に封止しつつ前記レンズと前記光学部材とを固定する工程と、
固定された前記レンズと前記光学部材とを加熱処理する工程と
を備える撮像装置の製造方法。
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WO2023054420A1 (ja) * | 2021-10-01 | 2023-04-06 | デクセリアルズ株式会社 | 光学積層体、及び反射防止膜 |
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KR102130960B1 (ko) * | 2019-05-07 | 2020-07-08 | (주) 솔 | 가상의 그리드 선을 이용한 미세 입자 계수용 이미지 센서 패키지, 미세 입자 계수 시스템 및 방법 |
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