WO2012042166A1 - Wood splitting machine - Google Patents
Wood splitting machine Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012042166A1 WO2012042166A1 PCT/FR2011/052253 FR2011052253W WO2012042166A1 WO 2012042166 A1 WO2012042166 A1 WO 2012042166A1 FR 2011052253 W FR2011052253 W FR 2011052253W WO 2012042166 A1 WO2012042166 A1 WO 2012042166A1
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- segment
- wood
- machine according
- rotation
- shaft
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27L—REMOVING BARK OR VESTIGES OF BRANCHES; SPLITTING WOOD; MANUFACTURE OF VENEER, WOODEN STICKS, WOOD SHAVINGS, WOOD FIBRES OR WOOD POWDER
- B27L7/00—Arrangements for splitting wood
- B27L7/02—Arrangements for splitting wood using rotating members, e.g. rotating screws
- B27L7/04—Conical screws
Definitions
- the invention relates to a wood splitting machine, in particular wood that is in the form of a log or ball, that is to say a trunk or part of a tree trunk, unbranched, possibly debarked, intended for use, for example, as firewood or for making stakes.
- This machine also makes it possible to split stumps.
- Such machines are also called log splitters or log splitters. These machines comprise, for the type of machine described in FR-A-2 758 491, an end portion, conical, provided with an external thread and driven in rotation.
- This part or conical screw forms the active part of the machine and it easily penetrates the wood because the splitting torque, that is to say the torque exerted on the wood by the screw, is important at the beginning of the machine. penetration of the screw into the wood. Indeed, during this startup phase, only the tip end of the conical screw is in contact with the wood and the diameter of this end is small, of the order of one millimeter. Thus, the speed of penetration of the screw into the wood is high.
- the pitch of the thread and the speed of rotation of the screw determine the speed of penetration of the cone into the wood.
- the lips of the slot are spread apart, in V, until the bursting of the log or log. Nevertheless, the more the screw penetrates into the wood and the lower the splitting torque, because the diameter of the part of the screw in contact with the wood increases. This phenomenon is also dependent on the nature of certain woods and the dimensions of the logs. During log splitting, logs or stumps of large diameters, or during the crack of a hard wood and / or knotty, we frequently witness a blockage of the screw, the latter remaining immobilized in the wood without the latter being split.
- a splitter provided with two screws, including a conical, of different diameters and mounted in parallel.
- the largest screw ensures the bursting of the wood while the small keeps the machine anchored in the wood and participates in advance of the big screw in the wood, when it is braked in its movement.
- Such a device is bulky, maintenance and handling complex.
- the presence of the two screws can cause two distinct and non-aligned slots.
- the invention intends to remedy more particularly by proposing a wood splitting machine that can be used with various types of wood and / or for large ball diameters, easy to implement, compact and easy maintenance.
- the subject of the invention is a wood splitting machine comprising means for driving in rotation a terminal, conical, active part provided with an external thread, suitable for screwing into the wood in order to causing the splitting of the wood fibers, characterized in that the end portion comprises at least two conical or frustoconical segments, coaxial, driven in rotation at different speeds of rotation and provided with external thread, continuous or discontinuous, of different pitch, on at least a portion of each segment.
- Such a splitting machine having different speeds of rotation and thread pitches depending on the active part of the machine, makes it possible to maintain a high splitting torque during penetration into the wood, while preserving the initial speed of penetration, this regardless of the position of the active part in the wood.
- the ratio of the rotational speeds of the two segments is the inverse ratio of the pitch of their respective threads.
- a first segment of the end portion, which forms the end of the end portion, is secured to a rotating drive shaft.
- a second segment of the end portion is provided with a central housing adapted to receive the rotational drive shaft, the latter being connected to a rotational drive means and mounted to drive in rotation the second segment.
- the first and second segments are coaxial and rotate in the same direction when the tree is in place in the housing of the second segment.
- the shaft is provided with a planetary gear own to mesh with planet gears mounted on a support or satellite carrier integral with a segment.
- the gears, the satellite door and a ring gear define a reducing assembly, including epicyclic train type.
- the gear reduction ratio is between 2 and 10.
- FIG. 1 is a general view of the end portion of a machine according to the invention
- FIG. 2 is a longitudinal section, on a larger scale, of the end of the end portion, illustrated in FIG. 1, intended to be connected with a rotating drive means,
- FIG. 3 is a partial longitudinal section, on a smaller scale, of the end portion shown in FIG. 1;
- FIG. 4 is an exploded view, on another scale, of the constituent elements of the end portion illustrated in FIG. 3, certain elements being represented in dotted lines and
- Figure 5 is a front view of the end portion of Figure 3, on another scale, in use configuration in a log.
- FIGS. 1 to 5 A wood splitting machine according to the invention is partially shown in FIGS. 1 to 5. It comprises a means for driving in rotation, for example a hydraulic, pneumatic, electric or thermal motor, capable of rotating a connected shaft. at a terminal active part.
- This drive means is known per se and not shown.
- This machine is mounted on a frame, the latter being either fixed on an agricultural machine or self-propelled.
- the machine is equipped with a coupling device 1, the actual active part, with the rotary drive means.
- This device 1 comprises a shaft 2 for driving in rotation.
- the shaft 2 is provided with a free end 3 conical and equipped with an external thread 31.
- the threading 31 is, in this case, continuous and it extends over the entire outer surface of the first segment 3. In a variant, it may be discontinuous and / or extend only over part of the segment 3.
- shaft 2 is cylindrical with a circular base.
- the end 3 is integral with the shaft 2 and forms a first segment of the active part of the machine. In this case, it is the end segment 3 intended to be the first in contact with the wood during the implementation of the machine. In other words, the segment 3 forms the end of an active end portion 4.
- the segment 3 is fixed, removably, on the shaft 2.
- the drive of the first segment 3 by the shaft 2 is direct, without reduction.
- a reduction for example gearing, may be provided.
- the base 30 of the conical segment 3 is in abutment against the truncated vertex 50 of another segment 5 also belonging to the active part 4.
- This second segment is also configured as a truncated cone and provided with an external thread 52.
- segment 3 the thread 52 may be continuous or discontinuous and / or extend only over a portion of the second segment. In the example, the thread 52 is continuous and extends over the entire outer surface of the segment 5. It forms the base of the active part 4 and is the most near the rotating drive means.
- the segment 5 is provided with an internal central housing 51.
- This housing 51 is cylindrical in shape, circular base. It is arranged along the entire height of the segment 5 and is centered along a longitudinal axis A of the truncated cone 5. The dimensions and the shape of the housing 51 are adapted to ensure the reception of the shaft 2, while allowing free rotation of the last.
- the segments 3 and 5 are coaxial when the shaft 2 is in place in the housing 51 and rotatably mounted about the axis A.
- the terminal active part constitutes a screw 4 with two parts or main segments 3 and 5.
- the shaft 2 when the first segment 3 is in position on the second segment 5, by pressing the base 30 on the top 50, the shaft 2 forms a central rotary shaft common to the segments 3 and 5.
- the joining between the segments 3 and 5 is carried out by pinions 6, 7.
- the shaft 2 constitutes the rotary drive shaft of the segments 3, 5 constituting the terminal part. active 4.
- the reduction of the speed of rotation between the two segments 3 and 5 is achieved by an epicyclic reduction gear unit.
- the advantage of a reduction by an epicyclic gear is that, in addition to a minimum space requirement, it offers a large and adjustable reduction range. It also makes it possible to reverse the directions of rotation of the two segments 3 and 5 of the screw 4.
- This type of gear is shown schematically in Figures 2 to 4. It comprises a central pinion or sun gear 6 meshing with at least one planet pinion 7.
- the epicyclic gear comprises three planet gears 7, identical.
- Each planet pinion 7 is fixed on a support or satellite holder 8 and meshes with teeth 91 formed in the light of a ring 9.
- the ring 9 is fixed, as illustrated in FIG. 1, by tabs 90 on a portion 10 of the device.
- This part 10 is stationary in rotation and, advantageously, it is part of the part 1 of the machine, ensuring the rotational guidance of the shaft 2.
- the satellite gates 8 are bolts for releasably securing the planet gears 7 to the segment 5, as shown in Figures 2 to 4.
- the segment 5 is provided with a recess in its base 53
- This recess forms a housing 54 of cylindrical shape with a circular base and of suitable dimensions for receiving the planet gears 7, a portion of the crown 9 and the planet gates 8.
- the bottom of the housing 54 is drilled, in a central position, in order to ensure the passage of the rotation shaft 2.
- Bearings January 1, known per se, are arranged between the ring 9 and the inner face of the housing 54.
- rings and spacers, grouped under the reference 12 ensure the maintenance in position, in a sealed manner, the ring 9 and the shaft 2 in the housing 54.
- the segment 3 is adapted to be, first, in contact with the wood and ensure the penetration by screwing the active part 4 in the latter.
- the pitch of the external thread 31 of the segment 3 is denoted by P31.
- the pitch of the external thread 52 of the segment 5 is denoted by P52.
- the threads P31, P52 are different.
- the thread 31 is at pitch P31 of 8 millimeters while the thread 52 is in pitch P52 of 32 millimeters. In other words, the ratio between the pitch of the threads 52 and 31 is 4.
- the segments 3 and 5 rotate simultaneously about the axis A, but with different speeds of rotation.
- the segments 3 and 5 rotate in the same direction, namely the clockwise direction seen from the side of the drive means.
- the ratio between the pitch P52 and P31 and the threads 52 and 31 and is a function of the ratio between the speeds W5 and W3 of rotation of the two segments 5 and 3. This is in connection with the fact that the penetration speed of the screw 4 in the wood is proportional, on the one hand, to the rotational speed of the segments 3 and 5 of the screw 4 and, on the other hand, to the pitch of the thread in contact with the wood.
- This ratio between the speeds W5 and W3 makes it possible to increase the splitting torque, that is to say the pressure exerted by the screw 4, which makes it possible to move the lips 130, 131 away from a slot 13 made in the as shown in Figure 5, by the screw 4, while maintaining a penetration rate of the screw 4 in the constant wood, regardless of the length of the screw 4 inserted into the wood.
- the ring 9 thus ensures the rotational guidance of the planet gears 7.
- the planet gears 7 are secured to the segment 5, by the planet gates 8, they drive the segment 5 in rotation. In this case, it is rotated simultaneously and in the same direction as the sun gear 6, that is to say driven in rotation in the same direction and simultaneously with the rotation of the segment 3.
- the presence of the epicyclic gear induces a rotation of the segment 5 at a speed rotation W5 different from that of segment 3, in this case slower, due to the value 1/4 of the ratio R identified above. This value is obtained by choosing the numbers of teeth of the gears 6, 7 and the ring 9 in engagement.
- the ratio R corresponds to the reduction ratio of the epicyclic reduction gear formed of elements 6 to 10.
- a mirror solution is made by adapting the reduction ratios.
- the ring 9 is integral with the segment 5.
- the sun gear 6 is integral with the segment 3 and the planet pinions 7 are mounted integral with the portion 10 immobile in rotation.
- the reducer is of a different type than an epicyclic gearbox.
- the epicyclic gear train comprises more than three planet gears.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
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Abstract
This wood splitting machine comprises a means for driving the rotation of a conical active end part (4) provided with an external screw thread (31, 52) capable of being screwed into the wood in order to break apart the wood fibres. The end part (4) comprises at least two coaxial conical or frustoconical segments (3, 5) driven in rotation (2) at different rotational speeds and provided with continuous or discontinuous external screw threads (31, 52) with different pitches, over at least part of each segment (3, 5).
Description
MACHINE A FENDRE LE BOIS WOOD SCREWING MACHINE
L'invention a trait à une machine à fendre le bois, en particulier du bois qui se présente sous forme de bille ou billon, c'est-à-dire un tronc ou une partie de tronc d'arbre, ébranché, éventuellement écorcé, destiné à être utilisé, par exemple, comme bois de chauffage ou pour fabriquer des piquets. Cette machine permet également de fendre des souches. The invention relates to a wood splitting machine, in particular wood that is in the form of a log or ball, that is to say a trunk or part of a tree trunk, unbranched, possibly debarked, intended for use, for example, as firewood or for making stakes. This machine also makes it possible to split stumps.
De telles machines sont également dénommées fendeuses à bûches ou fendeuses à bois. Ces machines comprennent, pour le type de machine décrit dans FR- A-2 758 491 , une partie terminale, conique, pourvue d'un filetage externe et entraînée en rotation. Cette partie ou vis conique, forme la partie active de la machine et elle pénètre aisément dans le bois du fait que le couple de fendage, c'est-à-dire le couple exercé sur le bois par la vis, est important au début de la pénétration de la vis dans le bois. En effet, lors de cette phase de démarrage, seule l'extrémité en pointe de la vis conique est au contact du bois et le diamètre de cette extrémité est faible, de l'ordre du millimètre. Ainsi, la vitesse de pénétration de la vis dans le bois est élevée. Such machines are also called log splitters or log splitters. These machines comprise, for the type of machine described in FR-A-2 758 491, an end portion, conical, provided with an external thread and driven in rotation. This part or conical screw, forms the active part of the machine and it easily penetrates the wood because the splitting torque, that is to say the torque exerted on the wood by the screw, is important at the beginning of the machine. penetration of the screw into the wood. Indeed, during this startup phase, only the tip end of the conical screw is in contact with the wood and the diameter of this end is small, of the order of one millimeter. Thus, the speed of penetration of the screw into the wood is high.
Le pas du filetage et la vitesse de rotation de la vis déterminent la vitesse de pénétration du cône dans le bois. Lors de la progression de la vis dans le bois, du fait de sa forme conique, les lèvres de la fente sont écartées, en V, jusqu'à éclatement de la bille ou du billon de bois. Néanmoins, plus la vis pénètre dans le bois et plus le couple de fendage diminue, du fait que le diamètre de la partie de la vis en contact avec le bois augmente. Ce phénomène est également tributaire de la nature de certains bois et des dimensions des billes. Lors de la fente de billes, billons de bois ou de souches de forts diamètres, ou lors de la fente d'un bois dur et/ou noueux, on assiste fréquemment à un blocage de la vis, celle-ci restant immobilisée dans le bois sans que ce dernier soit fendu. The pitch of the thread and the speed of rotation of the screw determine the speed of penetration of the cone into the wood. During the progression of the screw in the wood, because of its conical shape, the lips of the slot are spread apart, in V, until the bursting of the log or log. Nevertheless, the more the screw penetrates into the wood and the lower the splitting torque, because the diameter of the part of the screw in contact with the wood increases. This phenomenon is also dependent on the nature of certain woods and the dimensions of the logs. During log splitting, logs or stumps of large diameters, or during the crack of a hard wood and / or knotty, we frequently witness a blockage of the screw, the latter remaining immobilized in the wood without the latter being split.
Pour remédier à cela, on connaît, par FR-A-2 525 950, une fendeuse pourvue de deux vis, dont une conique, de diamètres différents et montées en parallèles. La plus grande vis assure l'éclatement du bois alors que la petite maintient la machine ancrée dans le bois et participe à l'avance de la grande vis dans le bois, lorsque celle-ci est freinée dans son mouvement. Un tel dispositif est encombrant, d'un entretien et d'un maniement complexes. Par ailleurs, la présence des deux vis peut provoquer deux fentes distinctes et non alignées. To remedy this, it is known from FR-A-2 525 950, a splitter provided with two screws, including a conical, of different diameters and mounted in parallel. The largest screw ensures the bursting of the wood while the small keeps the machine anchored in the wood and participates in advance of the big screw in the wood, when it is braked in its movement. Such a device is bulky, maintenance and handling complex. Moreover, the presence of the two screws can cause two distinct and non-aligned slots.
C'est à ces inconvénients qu'entend plus particulièrement remédier l'invention en proposant une machine à fendre le bois utilisable avec divers types de bois et/ou pour des
diamètres de billes importants, aisée à mettre en œuvre, peu encombrante et d'un entretien facilité. It is these drawbacks that the invention intends to remedy more particularly by proposing a wood splitting machine that can be used with various types of wood and / or for large ball diameters, easy to implement, compact and easy maintenance.
A cet effet, l'invention a pour objet une machine à fendre le bois comportant un moyen d'entraînement en rotation d'une partie active terminale, conique, pourvue d'un filetage externe, propre à pénétrer par vissage dans le bois afin de provoquer l'éclatement des fibres du bois, caractérisée en ce que la partie terminale comprend au moins deux segments coniques ou tronconiques, coaxiaux, entraînés en rotation à des vitesses de rotation différentes et pourvus de filetage externe, continu ou discontinu, de pas différents, sur au moins une partie de chaque segment. For this purpose, the subject of the invention is a wood splitting machine comprising means for driving in rotation a terminal, conical, active part provided with an external thread, suitable for screwing into the wood in order to causing the splitting of the wood fibers, characterized in that the end portion comprises at least two conical or frustoconical segments, coaxial, driven in rotation at different speeds of rotation and provided with external thread, continuous or discontinuous, of different pitch, on at least a portion of each segment.
Une telle machine à fendre, ayant des vitesses de rotation et des pas de filetage différents selon la partie active de la machine, permet de maintenir un couple de fendage important lors de la pénétration dans le bois, tout en préservant la vitesse initiale de pénétration, cela quelle que soit la position de la partie active dans le bois. Such a splitting machine, having different speeds of rotation and thread pitches depending on the active part of the machine, makes it possible to maintain a high splitting torque during penetration into the wood, while preserving the initial speed of penetration, this regardless of the position of the active part in the wood.
Selon des aspects avantageux mais non obligatoires de l'invention un tel dispositif pour fendre du bois peut incorporer une ou plusieurs des caractéristiques suivantes : According to advantageous but non-mandatory aspects of the invention such a device for splitting wood may incorporate one or more of the following features:
- Le rapport des vitesses de rotation des deux segments est inverse du rapport entre les pas de leurs filetages respectifs. - The ratio of the rotational speeds of the two segments is the inverse ratio of the pitch of their respective threads.
- Un premier segment de la partie terminale, qui forme l'extrémité de la partie terminale, est solidaire d'un arbre d'entraînement en rotation. - A first segment of the end portion, which forms the end of the end portion, is secured to a rotating drive shaft.
- Un deuxième segment de la partie terminale est pourvu d'un logement central adapté pour recevoir l'arbre d'entraînement en rotation, celui-ci étant relié à un moyen d'entraînement en rotation et monté pour entraîner en rotation le deuxième segment. - A second segment of the end portion is provided with a central housing adapted to receive the rotational drive shaft, the latter being connected to a rotational drive means and mounted to drive in rotation the second segment.
- Les premier et deuxième segments sont coaxiaux et tournent dans le même sens lorsque l'arbre est en place dans le logement du deuxième segment. - The first and second segments are coaxial and rotate in the same direction when the tree is in place in the housing of the second segment.
- Le deuxième segment tourne plus lentement que le premier segment d'extrémité. - The second segment rotates more slowly than the first end segment.
- L'arbre est pourvu d'un pignon planétaire propre à engrener avec des pignons satellites montés sur un support ou porte satellite solidaire d'un segment. - The shaft is provided with a planetary gear own to mesh with planet gears mounted on a support or satellite carrier integral with a segment.
- Les pignons, le porte satellite et une couronne dentée définissent un ensemble réducteur, notamment de type train épicycloïdal. - The gears, the satellite door and a ring gear define a reducing assembly, including epicyclic train type.
- Le rapport de réduction du réducteur est compris entre 2 et 10. - The gear reduction ratio is between 2 and 10.
L'invention sera mieux comprise et d'autres avantages de celle-ci apparaîtront plus clairement à la lumière de la description qui va suivre d'un mode de réalisation d'une machine à fendre le bois, donnée uniquement à titre d'exemple et faite en référence aux dessins annexés dans lesquels : The invention will be better understood and other advantages thereof will appear more clearly in the light of the following description of an embodiment of a wood splitting machine, given solely by way of example and with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
- la figure 1 est une vue générale de la partie terminale d'une machine conforme à l'invention,
- la figure 2 est une coupe longitudinale, à plus grande échelle, de l'extrémité de la partie terminale, illustrée à la figure 1 , destinée à être connectée avec un moyen d'entraînement en rotation, FIG. 1 is a general view of the end portion of a machine according to the invention, FIG. 2 is a longitudinal section, on a larger scale, of the end of the end portion, illustrated in FIG. 1, intended to be connected with a rotating drive means,
- la figure 3 est une coupe longitudinale partielle, à plus petite échelle, de la partie terminale représentée à la figure 1 , FIG. 3 is a partial longitudinal section, on a smaller scale, of the end portion shown in FIG. 1;
- la figure 4 est une vue éclatée, à une autre échelle, des éléments constitutifs de la partie terminale illustrée à la figure 3, certains éléments étant représentés en pointillés et FIG. 4 is an exploded view, on another scale, of the constituent elements of the end portion illustrated in FIG. 3, certain elements being represented in dotted lines and
- la figure 5 est une vue de face de la partie terminale de la figure 3, à une autre échelle, en configuration d'utilisation dans une bille de bois. - Figure 5 is a front view of the end portion of Figure 3, on another scale, in use configuration in a log.
Une machine à fendre le bois conforme à l'invention est représentée partiellement aux figures 1 à 5. Elle comprend un moyen d'entraînement en rotation, par exemple un moteur hydraulique, pneumatique, électrique ou thermique, propre à entraîner en rotation un arbre relié à une partie active terminale. Ce moyen d'entraînement est connu en soi et non représenté. Cette machine est montée sur un bâti, ce dernier étant, soit fixé sur un engin agricole, soit automoteur. A wood splitting machine according to the invention is partially shown in FIGS. 1 to 5. It comprises a means for driving in rotation, for example a hydraulic, pneumatic, electric or thermal motor, capable of rotating a connected shaft. at a terminal active part. This drive means is known per se and not shown. This machine is mounted on a frame, the latter being either fixed on an agricultural machine or self-propelled.
La machine est équipée d'un dispositif 1 d'accouplement, de la partie active proprement dite, aux moyens d'entraînement en rotation. Ce dispositif 1 comprend un arbre 2 d'entraînement en rotation. L'arbre 2 est pourvu d'une extrémité libre 3, conique et équipée d'un filetage externe 31 . Le filetage 31 est, en l'espèce, continu et il s'étend sur toute la surface externe du premier segment 3. En variante, il peut être discontinu et/ou ne s'étendre que sur une partie du segment 3. L'arbre 2 est cylindrique à base circulaire. L'extrémité 3 est venue de matière avec l'arbre 2 et elle forme un premier segment de la partie active de la machine. En l'espèce, il s'agit du segment 3 d'extrémité destiné à être le premier en contact avec le bois lors de la mise en œuvre de la machine. En d'autres termes, le segment 3 forme l'extrémité d'une partie terminale active 4. Dans un autre mode de réalisation non illustré, le segment 3 est fixé, de manière amovible, sur l'arbre 2. The machine is equipped with a coupling device 1, the actual active part, with the rotary drive means. This device 1 comprises a shaft 2 for driving in rotation. The shaft 2 is provided with a free end 3 conical and equipped with an external thread 31. The threading 31 is, in this case, continuous and it extends over the entire outer surface of the first segment 3. In a variant, it may be discontinuous and / or extend only over part of the segment 3. shaft 2 is cylindrical with a circular base. The end 3 is integral with the shaft 2 and forms a first segment of the active part of the machine. In this case, it is the end segment 3 intended to be the first in contact with the wood during the implementation of the machine. In other words, the segment 3 forms the end of an active end portion 4. In another embodiment not shown, the segment 3 is fixed, removably, on the shaft 2.
Dans la configuration représentée, l'entraînement du premier segment 3 par l'arbre 2 est direct, sans démultiplication. En variante, une démultiplication, par exemple par engrenage, peut être prévue. In the configuration shown, the drive of the first segment 3 by the shaft 2 is direct, without reduction. Alternatively, a reduction, for example gearing, may be provided.
La base 30 du segment 3 conique est en appui contre le sommet tronqué 50 d'un autre segment 5 appartenant également à la partie active 4. Ce deuxième segment est également configuré en cône tronqué et pourvu d'un filetage externe 52. Comme pour le segment 3, ce filetage 52 peut être continu ou discontinu et/ou ne s'étendre que sur une partie du deuxième segment. Dans l'exemple, le filetage 52 est continu et s'étend sur toute la surface externe du segment 5. Il forme la base de la partie active 4 et il est le plus
près des moyens d'entraînement en rotation. Le segment 5 est pourvu d'un logement central interne 51 . Ce logement 51 est de forme cylindrique, à base circulaire. Il est ménagé sur toute la hauteur du segment 5 et il est centré selon un axe longitudinal A du cône tronqué 5. Les dimensions et la forme du logement 51 sont adaptées pour assurer la réception de l'arbre 2, tout en permettant la libre rotation de ce dernier. Ainsi, les segments 3 et 5 sont coaxiaux lorsque l'arbre 2 est en place dans le logement 51 et monté rotatif autour de l'axe A. The base 30 of the conical segment 3 is in abutment against the truncated vertex 50 of another segment 5 also belonging to the active part 4. This second segment is also configured as a truncated cone and provided with an external thread 52. segment 3, the thread 52 may be continuous or discontinuous and / or extend only over a portion of the second segment. In the example, the thread 52 is continuous and extends over the entire outer surface of the segment 5. It forms the base of the active part 4 and is the most near the rotating drive means. The segment 5 is provided with an internal central housing 51. This housing 51 is cylindrical in shape, circular base. It is arranged along the entire height of the segment 5 and is centered along a longitudinal axis A of the truncated cone 5. The dimensions and the shape of the housing 51 are adapted to ensure the reception of the shaft 2, while allowing free rotation of the last. Thus, the segments 3 and 5 are coaxial when the shaft 2 is in place in the housing 51 and rotatably mounted about the axis A.
La partie active terminale constitue une vis 4 à deux parties ou segments principaux 3 et 5. The terminal active part constitutes a screw 4 with two parts or main segments 3 and 5.
Comme illustré aux figures 3 et 4, lorsque le premier segment 3 est en position sur le deuxième segment 5, par appui de la base 30 sur le sommet 50, l'arbre 2 forme un arbre de rotation central commun aux segments 3 et 5. La solidarisation entre les segments 3 et 5 est réalisée par des pignons 6, 7. En d'autres termes, dans cette configuration, l'arbre 2 constitue l'arbre d'entraînement en rotation des segments 3, 5 constitutifs de la partie terminale active 4. As illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 4, when the first segment 3 is in position on the second segment 5, by pressing the base 30 on the top 50, the shaft 2 forms a central rotary shaft common to the segments 3 and 5. The joining between the segments 3 and 5 is carried out by pinions 6, 7. In other words, in this configuration, the shaft 2 constitutes the rotary drive shaft of the segments 3, 5 constituting the terminal part. active 4.
Ici, la réduction de la vitesse de rotation entre les deux segments 3 et 5 est réalisée par un ensemble réducteur à train épicycloïdal. L'avantage d'une réduction par un train épicycloïdal est, qu'outre un encombrement minimal, celui-ci offre une plage de réduction importante et réglable. Il permet également d'inverser les sens de rotation des deux segments 3 et 5 de la vis 4. Here, the reduction of the speed of rotation between the two segments 3 and 5 is achieved by an epicyclic reduction gear unit. The advantage of a reduction by an epicyclic gear is that, in addition to a minimum space requirement, it offers a large and adjustable reduction range. It also makes it possible to reverse the directions of rotation of the two segments 3 and 5 of the screw 4.
Ce type de réducteur, connu en soi, est représenté schématiquement aux figures 2 à 4. Il comprend un pignon central ou pignon planétaire 6 engrenant avec au moins un pignon satellite 7. Dans l'exemple, le train épicycloïdal comprend trois pignons satellites 7, identiques. Chaque pignon satellite 7 est fixé sur un support ou porte satellite 8 et engrène des dents 91 ménagées dans la lumière d'une couronne 9. La couronne 9 est fixée, comme illustrée à la figure 1 , par des pattes 90 sur une partie 10 du dispositif. Cette partie 10 est immobile en rotation et, avantageusement, elle fait partie de la partie 1 de la machine, assurant le guidage en rotation de l'arbre 2. This type of gear, known per se, is shown schematically in Figures 2 to 4. It comprises a central pinion or sun gear 6 meshing with at least one planet pinion 7. In the example, the epicyclic gear comprises three planet gears 7, identical. Each planet pinion 7 is fixed on a support or satellite holder 8 and meshes with teeth 91 formed in the light of a ring 9. The ring 9 is fixed, as illustrated in FIG. 1, by tabs 90 on a portion 10 of the device. This part 10 is stationary in rotation and, advantageously, it is part of the part 1 of the machine, ensuring the rotational guidance of the shaft 2.
Les porte satellites 8 sont des éléments de boulonnerie permettant de solidariser, de manière amovible, les pignons satellites 7 au segment 5, comme illustré aux figures 2 à 4. Pour cela, le segment 5 est pourvu d'un évidement ménagé dans sa base 53. Cet évidement forme un logement 54 de forme cylindrique à base circulaire et de dimensions adaptées pour recevoir les pignons satellites 7, une partie de la couronne 9 et les porte satellites 8. Le fond du logement 54 est percé, en position centrale, afin d'assurer le passage de l'arbre de rotation 2. Des paliers 1 1 , connus en soi, sont disposés entre la couronne 9 et la face interne du logement 54. De même, des bagues et entretoises,
regroupées sous la référence 12, assurent le maintien en position, de manière étanche, de la couronne 9 et de l'arbre 2 dans le logement 54. The satellite gates 8 are bolts for releasably securing the planet gears 7 to the segment 5, as shown in Figures 2 to 4. For this, the segment 5 is provided with a recess in its base 53 This recess forms a housing 54 of cylindrical shape with a circular base and of suitable dimensions for receiving the planet gears 7, a portion of the crown 9 and the planet gates 8. The bottom of the housing 54 is drilled, in a central position, in order to ensure the passage of the rotation shaft 2. Bearings January 1, known per se, are arranged between the ring 9 and the inner face of the housing 54. Similarly, rings and spacers, grouped under the reference 12, ensure the maintenance in position, in a sealed manner, the ring 9 and the shaft 2 in the housing 54.
En variante, d'autres organes mécaniques assurant la réduction des vitesses de rotation entre les segments 3 et 5, connus en soi, peuvent être utilisés. Alternatively, other mechanical members ensuring the reduction of rotational speeds between the segments 3 and 5, known per se, can be used.
Le segment 3 est adapté pour être, en premier, en contact avec le bois et assurer la pénétration par vissage de la partie active 4 dans ce dernier. On note P31 le pas du filetage externe 31 du segment 3. On note P52 le pas du filetage externe 52 du segment 5. Les pas de vis P31 , P52 sont différents. En l'espèce, le filetage 31 est au pas P31 de 8 millimètres alors que le filetage 52 est au pas P52 de 32 millimètres. En d'autres termes, le rapport entre les pas des filetages 52 et 31 est de 4. The segment 3 is adapted to be, first, in contact with the wood and ensure the penetration by screwing the active part 4 in the latter. The pitch of the external thread 31 of the segment 3 is denoted by P31. The pitch of the external thread 52 of the segment 5 is denoted by P52. The threads P31, P52 are different. In this case, the thread 31 is at pitch P31 of 8 millimeters while the thread 52 is in pitch P52 of 32 millimeters. In other words, the ratio between the pitch of the threads 52 and 31 is 4.
En variante, dans la mesure où un filetage 52 d'un pas de 32 millimètres n'est pas aisé à usiner, car il s'agit d'un pas de filetage non standard, la réalisation d'un tel filetage peut être obtenue à l'aide de plusieurs filets, à savoir quatre filets d'un pas unitaire de 8 millimètres. Ces quatre filets sont réalisés sur le segment 5 de sorte que leurs pas sont décalés de 90°, entre deux filets voisins. Cette disposition équivaut à un filetage global au pas P52 de 32 millimètres. Alternatively, insofar as a thread 52 with a pitch of 32 millimeters is not easy to machine, because it is a non-standard thread pitch, the realization of such threading can be obtained at using several nets, namely four nets with a unitary pitch of 8 millimeters. These four nets are made on the segment 5 so that their pitch is offset by 90 °, between two neighboring nets. This arrangement is equivalent to an overall thread at pitch P52 of 32 millimeters.
En fonctionnement, les segments 3 et 5 tournent simultanément autour de l'axe A, mais avec des vitesses de rotation différentes. En l'espèce, les segments 3 et 5 tournent dans le même sens, à savoir le sens des aiguilles d'une montre vu du côté des moyens d'entraînement. In operation, the segments 3 and 5 rotate simultaneously about the axis A, but with different speeds of rotation. In this case, the segments 3 and 5 rotate in the same direction, namely the clockwise direction seen from the side of the drive means.
Le rapport entre les pas P52 et P31 et des filetages 52 et 31 et est fonction du rapport entre les vitesses W5 et W3 de rotation des deux segments 5 et 3. Ceci est en relation avec le fait que la vitesse de pénétration de la vis 4 dans le bois est proportionnelle, d'une part, à la vitesse de rotation des segments 3 et 5 de la vis 4 et, d'autre part, au pas du filetage en contact avec le bois. Ce rapport entre les vitesses W5 et W3 permet d'augmenter le couple de fendage, c'est-à-dire la pression exercée par la vis 4, qui permet d'écarter les lèvres 130, 131 d'une fente 13 réalisée dans le bois, comme illustré à la figure 5, par la vis 4, tout en gardant une vitesse de pénétration de la vis 4 dans le bois constante, quelle que soit la longueur de la vis 4 insérée dans le bois. The ratio between the pitch P52 and P31 and the threads 52 and 31 and is a function of the ratio between the speeds W5 and W3 of rotation of the two segments 5 and 3. This is in connection with the fact that the penetration speed of the screw 4 in the wood is proportional, on the one hand, to the rotational speed of the segments 3 and 5 of the screw 4 and, on the other hand, to the pitch of the thread in contact with the wood. This ratio between the speeds W5 and W3 makes it possible to increase the splitting torque, that is to say the pressure exerted by the screw 4, which makes it possible to move the lips 130, 131 away from a slot 13 made in the as shown in Figure 5, by the screw 4, while maintaining a penetration rate of the screw 4 in the constant wood, regardless of the length of the screw 4 inserted into the wood.
Pour cela, le segment 5 tourne moins vite que le segment 3. Le rapport R = W5/ For this, the segment 5 rotates slower than the segment 3. The ratio R = W5 /
W3 entre les vitesses de rotation correspond au rapport de réduction de l'arbre 2 entre les segments 5 et 3. Ce rapport R est l'inverse du rapport R' = P52/P31 entre les pas des filetages 52 et 31 . Le rapport de réduction est ainsi compris entre 2 et 10. De manière préférée, il est compris entre 3 et 5. En l'espèce, le rapport R est égal à 1 /4 et le rapport R' est égal à 4.
Le fonctionnement de la machine est le suivant. Lorsque les moyens d'entraînement en rotation sont enclenchés, le segment 3 est entraîné en rotation par l'arbre 2 à la vitesse W3 qui est égale à la vitesse de rotation de l'arbre 2. Celui-ci étant pourvu du pignon planétaire 6, il entraine également en rotation les trois pignons satellites 7. Les pignons satellites 7, engrènent dans la couronne dentée 9 qui est maintenue immobile en rotation dans la partie 10 du bâti de la machine. La couronne 9 assure ainsi le guidage en rotation des pignons satellites 7. Comme les pignons satellites 7 sont solidaires du segment 5, par les porte satellites 8, ils entraînent en rotation le segment 5. En l'espèce, il se trouve entraîné en rotation simultanément et dans le même sens que le pignon planétaire 6, c'est-à-dire entraîné en rotation dans le même sens et simultanément à la rotation du segment 3. La présence du train épicycloïdal, induit une rotation du segment 5 à une vitesse de rotation W5 différente de celle du segment 3, en l'espèce plus lente, du fait de la valeur 1/4 du rapport R identifié ci-dessus. Cette valeur est obtenue par le choix des nombres de dents des pignons 6, 7 et de la couronne 9 en prise. En d'autres termes, le rapport R correspond au rapport de réduction du réducteur épicycloïdal formé des éléments 6 à 10. W3 between the rotational speeds corresponds to the reduction ratio of the shaft 2 between the segments 5 and 3. This ratio R is the inverse of the ratio R '= P52 / P31 between the pitch of the threads 52 and 31. The reduction ratio is thus between 2 and 10. Preferably, it is between 3 and 5. In this case, the ratio R is equal to 1/4 and the ratio R 'is equal to 4. The operation of the machine is as follows. When the rotational drive means are engaged, the segment 3 is rotated by the shaft 2 at the speed W3 which is equal to the rotational speed of the shaft 2. The latter being provided with the sun gear 6 it also rotates the three planet gears 7. The planet gears 7 meshes with the ring gear 9 which is kept motionless in rotation in the part 10 of the machine frame. The ring 9 thus ensures the rotational guidance of the planet gears 7. As the planet gears 7 are secured to the segment 5, by the planet gates 8, they drive the segment 5 in rotation. In this case, it is rotated simultaneously and in the same direction as the sun gear 6, that is to say driven in rotation in the same direction and simultaneously with the rotation of the segment 3. The presence of the epicyclic gear, induces a rotation of the segment 5 at a speed rotation W5 different from that of segment 3, in this case slower, due to the value 1/4 of the ratio R identified above. This value is obtained by choosing the numbers of teeth of the gears 6, 7 and the ring 9 in engagement. In other words, the ratio R corresponds to the reduction ratio of the epicyclic reduction gear formed of elements 6 to 10.
La réduction de la vitesse de rotation génère une augmentation du couple de fendage exercé par le segment 5 sur les lèvres 130, 131 de la fente 13. Ceci est réalisé sans diminution de la vitesse de pénétration de la vis 4 dans le bois, puisque le pas P52 du filetage 52 est également dans un rapport de 4 par rapport au pas P31 du filetage 31 du segment 3. The reduction in the rotational speed generates an increase in the splitting torque exerted by the segment 5 on the lips 130, 131 of the slot 13. This is achieved without reducing the speed of penetration of the screw 4 into the wood, since the pitch P52 of the thread 52 is also in a ratio of 4 with respect to the pitch P31 of the thread 31 of the segment 3.
Dans une variante non représentée, une solution miroir est réalisée, en adaptant les rapports de réduction. Dans ce cas, la couronne 9 est solidaire du segment 5. Le pignon planétaire 6 est solidaire du segment 3 et les pignons satellites 7 sont montés solidaires de la partie 10 immobile en rotation. In a variant not shown, a mirror solution is made by adapting the reduction ratios. In this case, the ring 9 is integral with the segment 5. The sun gear 6 is integral with the segment 3 and the planet pinions 7 are mounted integral with the portion 10 immobile in rotation.
Il est également possible, en disposant plusieurs trains épicycloïdaux en cascade, d'obtenir un arbre de sortie d'un train de réduction qui forme l'arbre d'entrée d'un autre train de réduction. On peut ainsi monter plus de deux segments 3, 5 coaxiaux l'un derrière l'autre. On réalise ainsi une vis 4 ayant différents étages pouvant tourner dans le même sens ou en sens inverse, en adaptant le sens, droit ou gauche, du filetage. It is also possible, by arranging several cascade epicyclic trains, to obtain an output shaft of a reduction train which forms the input shaft of another reduction gear. It is thus possible to mount more than two segments 3, 5 coaxial one behind the other. This produces a screw 4 having different stages that can rotate in the same direction or in the opposite direction, adapting the direction, right or left, of the thread.
En variante, le réducteur est d'un autre type qu'un réducteur à train épicycloïdal. En variante le train épicycloïdal comprend plus de trois pignons satellites.
Alternatively, the reducer is of a different type than an epicyclic gearbox. In a variant, the epicyclic gear train comprises more than three planet gears.
Claims
1 . - Machine à fendre le bois comportant un moyen d'entraînement en rotation d'une partie active terminale (4), conique, pourvue d'un filetage (31 , 52) externe, propre à pénétrer par vissage dans le bois afin de provoquer l'éclatement des fibres du bois, caractérisée en ce que la partie terminale (4) comprend au moins deux segments coniques ou tronconiques (3, 5), coaxiaux, entraînés en rotation (2) à des vitesses de rotation (W3, W5) différentes et pourvus de filetage externe, continu ou discontinu (31 , 52), de pas (P31 , P52) différents, sur au moins une partie de chaque segment (3,5). 1. - A wood splitting machine comprising means for driving in rotation a tapered, active end portion (4) provided with an external thread (31, 52) suitable for screwing into the wood to provoke the bursting of the wood fibers, characterized in that the end portion (4) comprises at least two conical or frustoconical segments (3, 5), coaxial, driven in rotation (2) at different rotational speeds (W3, W5). and provided with external threads, continuous or discontinuous (31, 52), of different pitch (P31, P52), on at least a portion of each segment (3,5).
2. - Machine selon la revendication 1 , caractérisée en ce que le rapport (R) des vitesses de rotation (W5, W3) des deux segments (3, 5) est inverse du rapport (R') entre les pas (P52, P31 ) de leurs filetages (52, 31 ) respectifs. 2. - Machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the ratio (R) of the rotational speeds (W5, W3) of the two segments (3, 5) is inverse ratio (R ') between the steps (P52, P31 ) of their respective threads (52, 31).
3. - Machine selon la revendication 1 , caractérisée en ce qu'un premier segment (3) de la partie terminale (4), qui forme l'extrémité de la partie terminale (4), est solidaire d'un arbre (2) d'entraînement en rotation. 3. - Machine according to claim 1, characterized in that a first segment (3) of the end portion (4), which forms the end of the end portion (4), is integral with a shaft (2) rotating drive.
4. - Machine selon la revendication 3, caractérisée en ce qu'un deuxième segment (5) de la partie terminale (4) est pourvu d'un logement central (51 ) adapté pour recevoir l'arbre (2) d'entraînement en rotation, celui-ci étant relié à un moyen d'entraînement en rotation et monté pour entraîner en rotation le deuxième segment (5). 4. - Machine according to claim 3, characterized in that a second segment (5) of the end portion (4) is provided with a central recess (51) adapted to receive the drive shaft (2). rotation, the latter being connected to a rotating drive means and mounted to rotate the second segment (5).
5. - Machine selon la revendication 4, caractérisée en ce que les premier et deuxième segments (3, 5) sont coaxiaux et tournent dans le même sens lorsque l'arbre (2) est en place dans le logement (51 ) du deuxième segment (5). 5. - Machine according to claim 4, characterized in that the first and second segments (3, 5) are coaxial and rotate in the same direction when the shaft (2) is in place in the housing (51) of the second segment (5).
6. - Machine selon la revendication 5, caractérisée en ce que le deuxième segment (5) tourne plus lentement que le premier segment (3) d'extrémité. 6. - Machine according to claim 5, characterized in that the second segment (5) rotates more slowly than the first segment (3) end.
7. - Machine selon la revendication 5, caractérisée en ce que l'arbre (2) est pourvu d'un pignon planétaire (6) propre à engrener avec des pignons satellites (7), montés sur un support ou porte satellite (8) solidaire d'un segment (5). 7. - Machine according to claim 5, characterized in that the shaft (2) is provided with a sun gear (6) adapted to mesh with planet gears (7), mounted on a support or satellite holder (8) integral with a segment (5).
8. - Machine selon la revendication 5, caractérisée en ce que les pignons (6 et 7), le porte-satellite (8) et une couronne (9) dentée (91 ) définissent un ensemble réducteur, notamment de type train épicycloïdal. 8. - Machine according to claim 5, characterized in that the pinions (6 and 7), the carrier-satellite (8) and a ring gear (9) toothed (91) define a reducing assembly, including epicyclic train type.
9. - Machine selon la revendication 6, caractérisée en ce que le rapport de réduction du réducteur est compris entre 2 et 10. 9. - Machine according to claim 6, characterized in that the gear reduction ratio is between 2 and 10.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP11773795.7A EP2621693B1 (en) | 2010-10-01 | 2011-09-27 | Wood splitting machine |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1057969 | 2010-10-01 | ||
FR1057969A FR2965504B1 (en) | 2010-10-01 | 2010-10-01 | WOOD SCREWING MACHINE |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2012042166A1 true WO2012042166A1 (en) | 2012-04-05 |
Family
ID=43904047
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/FR2011/052253 WO2012042166A1 (en) | 2010-10-01 | 2011-09-27 | Wood splitting machine |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP2621693B1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2965504B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2012042166A1 (en) |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2073656A (en) | 1980-04-15 | 1981-10-21 | Edwards A E | Tool for splitting blocks of material |
FR2525950A1 (en) | 1982-04-30 | 1983-11-04 | Charlie Bernard | Portable electrically driven log splitting tool - uses two conical cutters driven by electric motor through reduction gearing to transversely split logs |
CA2069183A1 (en) * | 1992-05-21 | 1993-11-22 | Benjamin Studer | Log-splitting tool |
FR2758491A1 (en) | 1997-01-23 | 1998-07-24 | Roger Jose Louis Alonso | LONG LENGTH WOOD SPLITTING MACHINE |
-
2010
- 2010-10-01 FR FR1057969A patent/FR2965504B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2011
- 2011-09-27 EP EP11773795.7A patent/EP2621693B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2011-09-27 WO PCT/FR2011/052253 patent/WO2012042166A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2073656A (en) | 1980-04-15 | 1981-10-21 | Edwards A E | Tool for splitting blocks of material |
FR2525950A1 (en) | 1982-04-30 | 1983-11-04 | Charlie Bernard | Portable electrically driven log splitting tool - uses two conical cutters driven by electric motor through reduction gearing to transversely split logs |
CA2069183A1 (en) * | 1992-05-21 | 1993-11-22 | Benjamin Studer | Log-splitting tool |
FR2758491A1 (en) | 1997-01-23 | 1998-07-24 | Roger Jose Louis Alonso | LONG LENGTH WOOD SPLITTING MACHINE |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2965504B1 (en) | 2012-10-12 |
EP2621693B1 (en) | 2015-01-14 |
EP2621693A1 (en) | 2013-08-07 |
FR2965504A1 (en) | 2012-04-06 |
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