WO2011155376A1 - 符号化装置および符号化方法 - Google Patents
符号化装置および符号化方法 Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
- H04N19/102—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or selection affected or controlled by the adaptive coding
- H04N19/103—Selection of coding mode or of prediction mode
- H04N19/105—Selection of the reference unit for prediction within a chosen coding or prediction mode, e.g. adaptive choice of position and number of pixels used for prediction
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
- H04N19/134—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or criterion affecting or controlling the adaptive coding
- H04N19/136—Incoming video signal characteristics or properties
- H04N19/137—Motion inside a coding unit, e.g. average field, frame or block difference
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
- H04N19/134—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or criterion affecting or controlling the adaptive coding
- H04N19/136—Incoming video signal characteristics or properties
- H04N19/137—Motion inside a coding unit, e.g. average field, frame or block difference
- H04N19/139—Analysis of motion vectors, e.g. their magnitude, direction, variance or reliability
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
- H04N19/134—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or criterion affecting or controlling the adaptive coding
- H04N19/136—Incoming video signal characteristics or properties
- H04N19/14—Coding unit complexity, e.g. amount of activity or edge presence estimation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
- H04N19/134—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or criterion affecting or controlling the adaptive coding
- H04N19/146—Data rate or code amount at the encoder output
- H04N19/152—Data rate or code amount at the encoder output by measuring the fullness of the transmission buffer
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
- H04N19/134—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or criterion affecting or controlling the adaptive coding
- H04N19/157—Assigned coding mode, i.e. the coding mode being predefined or preselected to be further used for selection of another element or parameter
- H04N19/16—Assigned coding mode, i.e. the coding mode being predefined or preselected to be further used for selection of another element or parameter for a given display mode, e.g. for interlaced or progressive display mode
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
- H04N19/102—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or selection affected or controlled by the adaptive coding
- H04N19/103—Selection of coding mode or of prediction mode
- H04N19/109—Selection of coding mode or of prediction mode among a plurality of temporal predictive coding modes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
- H04N19/169—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding
- H04N19/17—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding the unit being an image region, e.g. an object
- H04N19/174—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding the unit being an image region, e.g. an object the region being a slice, e.g. a line of blocks or a group of blocks
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an encoding apparatus and an encoding method, and more particularly to an encoding apparatus and an encoding method capable of reducing overhead on a macroblock basis.
- AVC Advanced Video Coding
- a set for converting a bitstream for broadcasting of MPEG2 (Moving Picture Experts Group phase 2) into a low bit rate AVC bitstream and storing it in a recording medium There is a top box, a Blu-ray (registered trademark) recorder, and the like.
- the present invention has been made in view of such a situation, and is intended to be able to reduce overhead in units of macroblocks when encoding is performed according to the AVC scheme.
- reference picture number determination means for determining the number of reference pictures in the coding as one based on a bit rate of coded image data
- reference picture number determination means for determining the number of reference pictures in the coding as one based on a bit rate of coded image data
- reference picture number determination means for determining the number of reference pictures in the coding as one based on a bit rate of coded image data
- reference picture number determination means And a reference picture determination unit configured to determine one image data out of image data as a reference picture when the number of reference pictures is determined to be one.
- the coding method according to one aspect of the present invention corresponds to the coding device according to one aspect of the present invention.
- the number of reference pictures in the encoding is determined to be one and the number of the reference pictures is determined to be one based on the bit rate of the encoded image data.
- One piece of image data is determined as a reference picture from among the image data.
- overhead can be reduced on a macroblock basis.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of a configuration of an embodiment of a computer.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of an embodiment of an encoding device to which the present invention is applied.
- the A / D conversion unit 11 of the encoding device 10 performs A / D conversion on an image signal in units of fields that is an analog signal input from the outside, and obtains image data that is a digital signal. Then, the A / D conversion unit 11 supplies the image data of the field unit to the image rearrangement buffer 12.
- the image sorting buffer 12 temporarily stores field-based image data from the A / D conversion unit 11 and reads out the data as a picture as necessary, thereby generating a GOP (Group of Bitstreams) that is an output of the encoding device 10.
- Pictures Reorder the pictures in coding order according to their structure.
- intra pictures for which intra coding is performed are supplied to the slice header generation unit 13.
- the slice header generation unit 13 generates a slice header to be added to the intra picture supplied from the image sorting buffer 12, adds the generated slice header to the intra picture, and supplies the intra header to the calculation unit 14.
- Arithmetic unit 14 subtracts the pixel value of the predicted image supplied from intra prediction unit 25 from the pixel value of the intra picture supplied from slice header generation unit 13 as necessary, and supplies the result to orthogonal transform unit 15 .
- the orthogonal transformation unit 15 performs orthogonal transformation such as discrete cosine transformation or Karhunen-Loeve transformation on (the pixel value of the intra picture or the subtraction value obtained by subtracting the pixel value of the predicted image) and obtains the result. Are supplied to the quantization unit 16.
- the quantization unit 16 quantizes the transform coefficient from the orthogonal transform unit 15, and supplies the quantization value obtained as a result to the lossless encoding unit 17.
- the lossless encoding unit 17 applies lossless encoding such as variable-length encoding or arithmetic encoding to the quantization value from the quantization unit 16, and obtains encoded data obtained as a result thereof to the accumulation buffer 18. Supply.
- the accumulation buffer 18 temporarily stores the encoded data from the lossless encoding unit 17 and transmits it as a bit stream at a predetermined rate.
- the reference picture number determination unit 19 (reference picture number determination means) monitors the bit rate of the encoded data temporarily stored in the accumulation buffer 18, and based on the bit rate etc., the number of fields of the reference image of non-intra picture is calculated. decide. Then, the reference picture number determination unit 19 supplies the determined number of fields of the reference image to the slice header generation unit 13.
- the number of fields of the reference image is the number of fields of the reference image in one time direction. Therefore, for example, when the encoding target is a B picture and the field number of the reference image is 1, the reference image is a total of one picture before the encoding target and one picture after the encoding target. It becomes two pictures.
- the rate control unit 20 monitors the accumulation amount of the encoded data of the accumulation buffer 18 and controls the behavior of the quantization unit 16 such as the quantization step of the quantization unit 16 based on the accumulation amount.
- the quantization value obtained by the quantization unit 16 is supplied to the lossless encoding unit 17 and also to the inverse quantization unit 21.
- the inverse quantization unit 21 inversely quantizes the quantization value from the quantization unit 16 into a transform coefficient, and supplies the inverse coefficient to the inverse orthogonal transformation unit 22.
- the inverse orthogonal transform unit 22 performs inverse orthogonal transform on the transform coefficient from the inverse quantization unit 21 and supplies the transform coefficient to the operation unit 23.
- Arithmetic unit 23 obtains a decoded image of an intra picture by adding the pixel values of the predicted image supplied from intra prediction unit 25 to the data supplied from inverse orthogonal transform unit 22 as necessary. To the frame memory 24.
- the frame memory 24 temporarily stores the decoded image supplied from the calculating unit 23, and the decoded image is used as a reference image used to generate a predicted image, as required, as the intra prediction unit 25 or motion prediction / motion.
- the data is supplied to the compensation unit 26.
- the intra prediction unit 25 generates a predicted image from pixels already stored in the frame memory 24 among pixels in the vicinity of a portion (block) to be processed by the operation unit 14 in the intra picture. , And supplies the calculation unit 14 and the calculation unit 23.
- the calculation unit 14 In the case where a predicted image is supplied from the intra prediction unit 25 to the calculation unit 14 as described above for a picture on which intra coding is performed, the calculation unit 14 generates an intra from the picture supplied from the slice header generation unit 13. The predicted image supplied from the prediction unit 25 is subtracted.
- the predicted image subtracted by the calculation unit 14 is added to the data supplied from the inverse orthogonal transformation unit 22.
- non-intra pictures on which inter coding is performed are supplied from the image rearrangement buffer 12 to the slice header generation unit 13.
- the slice header generation unit 13 (reference picture determination unit) rearranges the images based on the number of fields of the reference image supplied from the reference picture number determination unit 19, the type of non-intra picture, and the instruction from the reference picture control unit 27. Among the pictures input from the buffer 12, the picture of the field number is determined as a reference picture.
- the slice header generation unit 13 generates a slice header including information (hereinafter referred to as reference image information) specifying the determined reference image, and adds the slice header to the non-intra picture. Then, the slice header generation unit 13 supplies the non-intra picture to which the slice header is added to the calculation unit 14 and the motion prediction / motion compensation unit 26.
- the motion prediction / motion compensation unit 26 refers to the motion image prediction of a non-intra picture from the frame memory 24 based on the reference image information included in the slice header added to the non-intra picture supplied from the slice header generation unit 13 The picture of the decoded image to be read out is read out as a reference image. Furthermore, the motion prediction / motion compensation unit 26 performs motion vector search (ME (Motion Estimation)) on the non-intra picture from the slice header generation unit 13 using the reference image from the frame memory 24, ME residual, MV (Motion Vector) length etc. are detected.
- ME Motion Estimation
- the motion prediction / motion compensation unit 26 performs motion compensation on the reference image according to the motion vector, thereby generating a predicted image of a non-intra picture, and supplies this to the computation unit 14 and the computation unit 23.
- the motion prediction / motion compensation unit 26 detects the amount of blurring of non-intra pictures.
- the blur amount the pixel variance value (Variance) of the whole screen of the non-intra picture, and the amount of edge component extracted by using the Sobel filter or the Canny filter for the non-intra picture are used.
- the motion prediction / motion compensation unit 26 supplies the ME residual, the MV length, and the blur amount of the non-intra picture to the reference image control unit 27.
- the reference picture control unit 27 obtains the motion amount by the following equation (1) based on the generated code amount of the non-intra picture to be encoded, the quantization value, etc. encoded using the default reference image. Specifically, for example, when a non-intra picture to be encoded is a P picture, generation of an I picture corresponding to the P picture and a P picture to be encoded encoded using a default reference image Based on the code amount and the quantization value, the motion amount is determined by the following equation (1). The generated code amount is supplied from the lossless encoding unit 17, and the quantization value is supplied from the quantization unit 16.
- Motion Intensity represents a motion amount
- I_bit and P_bit represent an I-picture generated code amount and a P-picture generated code amount, respectively.
- I_qscale and P_qscale respectively indicate a quantized value of I picture and a quantized value of P picture.
- Equation (1) when the motion of the P picture to be encoded is large, Complex_P becomes large, and the motion amount Motion Intensity becomes large. On the other hand, when there is no motion in the P picture to be encoded, the motion amount Motion Intensity approaches zero.
- the reference image control unit 27 determines whether to change the reference image based on the motion amount and the ME residual, the MV length, and the blur amount supplied from the motion prediction / motion compensation unit 26. When it is determined that the reference image is to be changed, the reference image control unit 27 instructs the slice header generation unit 13 to change the reference image.
- the calculation unit 14 subtracts the prediction image supplied from the intra prediction unit 25 and the motion prediction / motion compensation unit 26 from the non-intra picture supplied from the slice header generation unit 13, and the same as in the case of the intra picture. Coding is performed.
- the intra prediction mode which is a mode in which the intra prediction unit 25 generates a prediction image, is supplied from the intra prediction unit 25 to the lossless encoding unit 17.
- the motion vector obtained by the motion prediction / motion compensation unit 26 and the motion compensation prediction mode which is a mode in which the motion prediction / motion compensation unit 26 performs the motion compensation Supplied at 17.
- the lossless encoding unit 17 losslessly encodes information necessary for decoding, such as the intra prediction mode, the motion vector, the motion compensation prediction mode, and the picture type of each picture, and is included in the header of the encoded data.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining a first method of determining the number of fields of the reference image in the reference image number determining unit 19.
- the horizontal axis represents time
- the vertical axis represents bit rate.
- the reference picture number determination unit 19 sets the bit rate (hereinafter referred to as target bit rate) corresponding to the file size designated from the outside (hereinafter referred to as designated file size). On the basis of this, the lowest value of the bit rate at each time, which is estimated that the final actual encoded data file size exceeds the specified file size, is determined as the bit rate threshold at each time.
- the reference picture number determination unit 19 monitors the accumulation buffer 18 and sets the number of fields of the reference image to 1 when the bit rate of the encoded data at each time is equal to or more than the threshold. On the other hand, when the bit rate of the encoded data at each time is smaller than the threshold, the reference picture number determination unit 19 leaves the number of fields of the reference image at the default value. That is, in the example of FIG. 2, the number of fields of the reference image is set to 1 in section A where the bit rate of the encoded data at each time is equal to or higher than the threshold, and the number of fields of the reference image is the default value Set to
- FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining a second method of determining the number of fields of the reference image in the reference image number determining unit 19. As shown in FIG.
- the horizontal axis represents time
- the vertical axis represents the file excess amount.
- the file excess amount is an amount by which the file size of the final actual encoded data exceeds the designated file size.
- the reference picture number determination unit 19 predicts the file excess amount at each time based on the bit rate of the encoded data at each time and the target bit rate.
- the reference picture number determination unit 19 sets the number of fields of the reference image to 1 when the file excess amount at each time is equal to or more than a threshold (Threshold).
- the reference picture number determination unit 19 leaves the number of fields of the reference image at the default value. That is, in the example of FIG. 3, the number of fields of the reference image is set to 1 in section B where the file excess at each time is equal to or greater than the threshold, and the number of fields of the reference image is set to the default value Ru.
- the file excess amount threshold is a minimum value of the file excess amount at each time which is estimated that the file size of the final actual encoded data exceeds the designated file size.
- the number of fields of the reference image is 1 Set to Here, as described later, when the field number of the reference image is 1, there is no need to transmit a syntax called RefIdx, and therefore the overhead in units of macroblocks is reduced. Therefore, according to the first determination method and the second determination method, when the file size of the final actual encoded data is estimated to exceed the specified file size, the overhead in units of macroblocks is reduced. As a result, the final file excess is suppressed.
- the GOP structure of the bit stream is a structure in which I, P, B, B, B, B, P, P pictures are arranged in order.
- the default reference image of the picture to be encoded is a picture of a field of the same type as that picture.
- the default reference picture is the top field. This is an I picture 42.
- the default reference image is the P picture 43 of the bottom field.
- the default reference picture is an I picture prior to the B picture 61 of the top field.
- 42 is a P picture 41 after the B picture 61.
- the default reference picture is the P picture 43 before B picture 71 of the bottom field. And the P picture 51 after the B picture 71.
- the default reference image of the picture to be encoded is a picture of the same type of field as the picture, but as shown in FIGS. 4 to 7, the picture of the same type of field
- the time distance between each other is not necessarily close.
- the time distance between the P picture 41 to be encoded and the I picture 42 which is the default reference picture of the P picture 41 is P picture 41 and P picture 43 of the bottom field.
- the time distance between the P picture 51 to be encoded and the P picture 43 which is the default reference image of the P picture 51 is P picture 51 and P picture 41 of the top field.
- the time distance between the B picture 61 to be encoded and the P picture 41 which is the default reference image after the B picture 61 is B picture 61 and P picture of the bottom field. Closer than the time distance with 51. However, the time distance between the B picture 61 and the I picture 42 which is the default reference image before the B picture 61 is longer than the time distance between the B picture 61 and the P picture 43 in the bottom field.
- the time distance between the B picture 71 to be encoded and the P picture 43 which is the default reference picture before the B picture 71 is the B picture 71 and the I picture of the top field. Closer than the time distance with 42. However, the time distance between the B picture 71 and the P picture 51 which is the default reference image after the B picture 71 is longer than the time distance between the B picture 71 and the P picture 41 in the top field.
- the encoding device 10 when it is desirable to place importance on temporal correlation of a picture to be encoded compared to spatial correlation, that is, when it is desirable to perform encoding using an image having a short temporal distance as a reference image, the encoding device 10 performs encoding The reference picture of the picture of interest is changed to a picture close in time distance to the picture.
- FIGS. 8 to 11 are diagrams for explaining an example of judging the change of the reference image by the reference image control unit 27.
- the reference picture control unit 27 calculates temporal correlation of the picture to be encoded. It is determined that emphasis should be placed on spatial correlation, and it is determined that the reference image is to be changed. As a result, the reference image of the picture to be encoded is changed from a default reference image of the same type of field as the picture to a picture with a short time distance to the picture.
- the reference picture control unit 27 determines the picture to be encoded It is determined that the temporal correlation of H should not be emphasized in comparison with the spatial correlation, and it is determined that the reference image is not changed. As a result, the reference image of the picture to be encoded remains as the default reference image of the same type of field as the picture.
- the phase difference due to the difference in the type of the field becomes a problem
- the reference image of the picture to be encoded has the same default type and the same type of field. It will be an image.
- the reference picture control unit 27 performs temporal correlation of the picture to be encoded. Is determined not to be emphasized in comparison with spatial correlation, and it is determined that the reference image is not changed. As a result, the reference image of the picture to be encoded remains as the default reference image of the same type of field as the picture.
- the reference image of the picture to be encoded remains as the default reference image in which the type of the picture and the field are the same.
- the reference picture control unit 27 performs temporal correlation of the picture to be encoded. Is determined to be emphasized in comparison with spatial correlation, and it is determined to change the reference image. As a result, the reference image of the picture to be encoded is changed from a default reference image of the same type of field as the picture to a picture with a short time distance to the picture.
- the reference image control unit 27 sets an appropriate reference image based on the information indicating the motion amount of the picture to be encoded, the ME residual, the MV length and the like, and the blur amount.
- the correlation between the encoding target and the reference image can be enhanced. As a result, the residual between the predicted image and the encoding target is reduced, and the code amount is reduced.
- FIG. 12 is a flowchart for describing reference image change instruction processing by the reference image control unit 27 of the encoding device 10 of FIG.
- the reference image change instruction process is performed, for example, for each non-intra picture to be encoded.
- the reference image control unit 27 determines whether the motion of the non-intra picture to be encoded is large based on the motion amount of the non-intra picture to be encoded. Specifically, the reference image control unit 27 determines that the movement is large when the amount of movement of the non-intra picture to be encoded is equal to or larger than the predetermined threshold, and the movement is larger when the amount of movement is smaller than the predetermined threshold. Determined to be small.
- step S12 the reference picture control unit 27 determines whether the motion vector of the non-intra picture to be encoded has no correlation in the time direction, based on the ME residual supplied from the motion prediction / motion compensation unit 26, ie, Determine if motion prediction is difficult to hit. Specifically, when the ME residual is equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold, the reference image control unit 27 determines that the motion vector has no correlation in the time direction, and when the ME residual is smaller than the predetermined threshold, the motion vector Is determined to have a correlation in the time direction.
- the reference picture control unit 27 selects one of the encoding target based on the MV length supplied from the motion prediction / motion compensation unit 26. It is determined whether the motion vector of the non-intra picture is long. Specifically, when the MV length is equal to or larger than the predetermined threshold, the reference image control unit 27 determines that the motion vector is long, and determines that the motion vector is not long when the MV length is smaller than the predetermined threshold. .
- step S14 the reference image control unit 27 sets the internal ReferenceListFlag to Motion. That is, the reference image control unit 27 instructs the slice header generation unit 13 to change the reference image. Then, the process ends.
- step S11 determines whether the motion is large. If it is determined in step S12 that the motion vector has no correlation in the time direction, or if it is determined in step S13 that the motion vector is not long. The process proceeds to step S15.
- step S15 the reference image control unit 27 determines that the motion of the non-intra picture to be encoded is small, the motion vector has a correlation in the time direction, and the motion vector based on the motion amount, the ME residual, and the MV length. Determine if is short.
- step S15 If it is determined in step S15 that the motion of the non-intra picture to be encoded is small, the motion vector has a temporal correlation, and the motion vector is short, the process proceeds to step S17.
- step S15 if it is determined in step S15 that the motion of the non-intra picture to be encoded is large, that the motion vector has no correlation in the time direction, or the motion vector is long, the process proceeds to step S16.
- step S16 the reference image control unit 27 determines whether there is much blurring based on the blur amount supplied from the motion prediction / motion compensation unit 26. Specifically, when the amount of blur is equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold, the reference image control unit 27 determines that the amount of blur is large, and determines that there is not much blur when the amount of blur is smaller than the predetermined threshold.
- step S16 If it is determined in step S16 that the amount of blurring is large, the process proceeds to step S14, and the reference image control unit 27 sets an internal ReferenceListFlag to Motion. The process then ends.
- step S16 determines whether there is not much blurring.
- step S17 the reference image control unit 27 sets the internal ReferenceListFlag to Default. That is, the reference image control unit 27 does not instruct the slice header generation unit 13 to change the reference image. Then, the process ends.
- FIG. 13 is a flowchart illustrating reference image changing processing by the encoding device 10 of FIG. This reference image change process is performed, for example, for each non-intra picture to be encoded.
- step S31 the reference stroke number determination unit 19 determines whether the number of fields of the reference image is set to 1 by the first determination method described in FIG. 2 or the second determination method described in FIG.
- step S32 the slice header generation unit 13 determines whether ReferenceListFlag of the reference image control unit 27 is set to Motion.
- step S33 the slice header generation unit 13 determines whether or not the picture to be encoded supplied from the image rearrangement buffer 12 is a B picture. judge.
- step S34 the slice header generation unit 13 determines whether the picture to be encoded is a top field picture.
- step S34 If it is determined in step S34 that the picture to be encoded is a top field picture, the process proceeds to step S35.
- step S35 the slice header generation unit 13 sets the value of "num_ref_idx_10_active_minus1" representing a value obtained by subtracting 1 from the number of fields of the reference image preceding the picture to be encoded in the slice header to 0. That is, the slice header generation unit 13 describes in the slice header that the field number of the reference image before the picture to be encoded is one.
- the slice header generation unit 13 sets the value of “num_ref_idx_I1_active_minus1”, which represents a value obtained by subtracting 1 from the field number of the reference image after the picture to be encoded in the slice header, to 0. That is, the slice header generation unit 13 describes in the slice header that the field number of the reference image after the picture to be encoded is one.
- the slice header generation unit 13 does not use the value of “ref_pic_list_reordering_flag_10”, which indicates whether to use the default reference image as a reference image before the picture to be encoded in the slice header, not to use the default reference image. Set to 1 to represent.
- the slice header generation unit 13 generates a picture before the picture to be coded that is closer in time distance than the default reference picture before the picture to be coded and a picture before the picture to be coded in the slice header. It sets to the picture of the index "RefIdx0" of the 0th of list "List0" as reference image information of a reference image. For example, when the picture to be encoded is the B picture 61 in FIG. 6, a P picture 43 having a temporal distance closer than that of the I picture 42 is set to the picture of index 0 “RefIdx0” of the list “List0”. Then, the process ends.
- step S34 determines whether the picture to be encoded is a top field picture, that is, if the picture to be encoded is a bottom field picture. If it is determined in step S34 that the picture to be encoded is not a top field picture, that is, if the picture to be encoded is a bottom field picture, the process proceeds to step S36.
- step S36 the slice header generation unit 13 sets the value of "num_ref_idx_I0_active_minus1" in the slice header to 0, and sets the value of "num_ref_idx_I1_active_minus1" to 0.
- the slice header generation unit 13 does not use the value of “ref_pic_list_reordering_flag_l1” indicating whether to use the default reference image as the reference image after the picture to be encoded in the slice header, without using the default reference image. Set to 1 to represent.
- the slice header generation unit 13 further generates a picture after the picture to be coded that is closer in time distance than the default reference picture after the picture to be coded to a picture after the picture to be coded in the slice header. It sets to the picture of the index "RefIdx0" of the 0th of list "List1" as reference image information of a reference image. For example, when the picture to be encoded is the B picture 71 in FIG. 7, the P picture 41, which is closer in time distance than the P picture 51, is set to the picture of index 0 “RefIdx0” of the list “List1”. Then, the process ends.
- step S33 determines whether the picture to be encoded is a B picture, that is, if the picture to be encoded is a P picture.
- step S37 the slice header generation unit 13 sets the value of "num_ref_idx_I0_active_minus1" in the slice header to 0.
- the slice header generation unit 13 sets a picture earlier than the picture to be encoded, which is closer in time distance to the default reference image, to the picture of index 0 “RefIdx0” of the list “List0”.
- the P picture 43 having a temporal distance closer than that of the I picture 42 is set to the picture of index 0 “RefIdx0” of the list “List0”.
- the P picture 41, which is closer in time distance than the P picture 43 is set to the picture of index 0 “RefIdx0” of the list “List0”. Then, the process ends.
- step S32 determines whether ReferenceListFlag is not set to Motion. If it is determined in step S32 that ReferenceListFlag is not set to Motion, that is, if ReferenceListFlag is set to Default, the process proceeds to step S38.
- step S38 the slice header generation unit 13 determines whether the picture to be encoded supplied from the image rearrangement buffer 12 is a B picture.
- step S39 the slice header generation unit 13 sets the value of "num_ref_idx_I0_active_minus1" in the slice header to 0 and "num_ref_idx_I1_active_minus1" in Set the value to 0. Then, the process ends.
- step S38 determines whether the picture to be encoded is a B picture, that is, if it is determined that the picture to be encoded is a P picture. If it is determined in step S38 that the picture to be encoded is not a B picture, that is, if it is determined that the picture to be encoded is a P picture, the process proceeds to step S40.
- step S40 the slice header generation unit 13 sets the value of "num_ref_idx_I0_active_minus1" in the slice header to 0, and the process ends.
- step S31 If it is determined in step S31 that the number of fields of the reference image is not set to 1, the process ends. In this case, for example, normal reference image setting processing is performed.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating Macroblock prediction syntax according to the AVC standard.
- the Macroblock prediction syntax As shown in the 19th paragraph and the 20th paragraph of FIG. 14, in the Macroblock prediction syntax, it is described that when “num_ref_idx_I0_active_minus1” is larger than 0, the RefIdx of the list “List0” is read. Also, as shown in the 22nd and 23rd paragraphs, the Macroblock prediction syntax describes reading out RefIdx of the list “List1" when “num_ref_idx_l1_active_minus1" is larger than 0.
- the reference image is determined based on all of the motion amount of the picture to be encoded, the ME residual, the MV length and the blur amount, but the motion amount of the picture to be encoded, ME
- the reference image may be determined based on at least one of the residual, the MV length, and the blur amount.
- the method of determining the reference image is not limited to the method described above.
- motion compensation is performed on each of a plurality of reference image candidates as a reference image, and the reference image candidate for which the absolute value of the difference between the predicted image and the encoding target obtained as a result is minimized It may be determined as a reference image.
- the present invention is also applicable to an encoding apparatus that performs encoding in a method other than the AVC method.
- FIG. 15 shows a configuration example of an embodiment of a computer in which a program for executing the series of processes described above is installed.
- the program can be recorded in advance in a storage unit 208 or a ROM (Read Only Memory) 202 as a recording medium incorporated in the computer.
- the program can be stored (recorded) in the removable medium 211.
- removable media 211 can be provided as so-called package software.
- examples of the removable medium 211 include a flexible disk, a compact disc read only memory (CD-ROM), a magneto optical (MO) disc, a digital versatile disc (DVD), a magnetic disc, a semiconductor memory, and the like.
- the program may be installed in the computer from the removable medium 211 as described above via the drive 210, or may be downloaded to the computer via the communication network or a broadcast network and installed in the built-in storage unit 208. That is, for example, the program is wirelessly transferred from the download site to the computer via an artificial satellite for digital satellite broadcasting, or transferred to the computer via a network such as a LAN (Local Area Network) or the Internet. be able to.
- LAN Local Area Network
- the computer incorporates a CPU (Central Processing Unit) 201, and an input / output interface 205 is connected to the CPU 201 via a bus 204.
- a CPU Central Processing Unit
- input / output interface 205 is connected to the CPU 201 via a bus 204.
- the CPU 201 executes a program stored in the ROM 202 according to the instruction.
- the CPU 201 loads a program stored in the storage unit 208 into a random access memory (RAM) 203 and executes the program.
- RAM random access memory
- the CPU 201 performs the processing according to the above-described flowchart or the processing performed by the configuration of the above-described block diagram. Then, the CPU 201 outputs the processing result from the output unit 207 or transmits it from the communication unit 209 through the input / output interface 205, for example, and stores the processing result in the storage unit 208, as necessary.
- the input unit 206 is configured of a keyboard, a mouse, a microphone, and the like. Further, the output unit 207 is configured of an LCD (Liquid Crystal Display), a speaker, and the like.
- LCD Liquid Crystal Display
- the processing performed by the computer according to the program does not necessarily have to be performed chronologically in the order described as the flowchart. That is, the processing performed by the computer according to the program includes processing executed in parallel or separately (for example, parallel processing or processing by an object).
- the program may be processed by one computer (processor) or may be distributed and processed by a plurality of computers. Furthermore, the program may be transferred to a remote computer for execution.
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Abstract
Description
[符号化装置の一実施の形態の構成例]
図1は、本発明を適用した符号化装置の一実施の形態の構成例を示すブロック図である。
Complex_I=I_bit×I_qscale
Complex_P=P_bit×P_qscale
・・・(1)
図2は、参照画数決定部19における参照画像のフィールド数の第1の決定方法を説明する図である。なお、図2のグラフにおいて、横軸は時刻を表し、縦軸はビットレートを表している。
図4乃至図7は、デフォルトの参照画像を説明する図である。
図8乃至図11は、参照画制御部27による参照画像の変更の判断例を説明する図である。
これにより、符号化対象のピクチャの参照画像は、そのピクチャとフィールドの種類が同一のデフォルトの参照画像のままとなる。
図12は、図1の符号化装置10の参照画制御部27による参照画像変更指示処理を説明するフローチャートである。この参照画像変更指示処理は、例えば、符号化対象のノンイントラピクチャごとに行われる。
図14は、AVC規格のMacroblock prediction syntaxを示す図である。
次に、上述した一連の処理は、ハードウェアにより行うこともできるし、ソフトウェアにより行うこともできる。一連の処理をソフトウェアによって行う場合には、そのソフトウェアを構成するプログラムが、汎用のコンピュータ等にインストールされる。
Claims (12)
- 符号化された画像データのビットレートに基づいて、その符号化における参照ピクチャの枚数を1枚に決定する参照画数決定手段と、
前記参照画数決定手段により前記参照ピクチャの枚数が1枚に決定された場合、画像データの中から1枚の画像データを参照ピクチャとして決定する参照ピクチャ決定手段と
を備える符号化装置。 - 前記参照画数決定手段は、前記ビットレートが閾値以上である場合、前記参照ピクチャの枚数を1枚に決定する
請求項1に記載の符号化装置。 - 前記参照画数決定手段は、前記符号化された画像データのビットレートと、所定のファイルサイズとに基づいて、前記参照ピクチャの枚数を1枚に決定する
請求項1に記載の符号化装置。 - 前記参照画数決定手段は、前記符号化された画像データの各時刻のビットレートが、前記所定のファイルサイズに対応する各時刻のビットレートに基づく閾値以上である場合、前記参照ピクチャの枚数を1枚に決定する
請求項3に記載の符号化装置。 - 前記参照画数決定手段は、前記符号化された画像データの各時刻のビットレートと、前記所定のファイルサイズに対応する各時刻のビットレートとに基づいて、各時刻において前記符号化された画像データのファイルサイズが、前記所定のファイルサイズを超過する量であるファイル超過量を予測し、前記ファイル超過量が閾値以上である場合、前記参照ピクチャの枚数を1枚に決定する
請求項3に記載の符号化装置。 - 前記参照ピクチャ決定手段は、符号化対象のピクチャの動きを表す情報およびボケ量の少なくとも一方に基づいて、前記参照ピクチャを決定する
請求項1に記載の符号化装置。 - 前記参照ピクチャ決定手段は、符号化対象のピクチャの動きを表す情報およびボケ量の少なくとも一方に基づいて、前記符号化対象のピクチャとフィールドの種類が同一のピクチャ、または前記符号化対象のピクチャとの時間距離が短いピクチャを、前記参照ピクチャとして決定する
請求項6に記載の符号化装置。 - 前記参照ピクチャ決定手段は、前記動きを表す情報としての動き量、ME残差、およびMV長が所定の閾値以上である場合、前記符号化対象のピクチャとの時間距離が短いピクチャを、前記参照ピクチャとする
請求項7に記載の符号化装置。 - 前記参照ピクチャ決定手段は、前記動きを表す情報としての動き量、ME残差、およびMV長が所定の閾値より小さい場合、前記符号化対象のピクチャとフィールドの種類が同一のピクチャを、前記参照ピクチャとする
請求項7に記載の符号化装置。 - 前記参照ピクチャ決定手段は、前記動きを表す情報としての動き量、ME残差、およびMV長の少なくとも1つが所定の閾値より小さく、かつ、前記ボケ量が所定の閾値以上である場合、前記符号化対象のピクチャとの時間距離が短いピクチャを、前記参照ピクチャとする
請求項7に記載の符号化装置。 - 前記参照ピクチャ決定手段は、前記動きを表す情報としての動き量、ME残差、およびMV長の少なくとも1つが所定の閾値より小さく、かつ、前記ボケ量が所定の閾値より小さい場合、前記符号化対象のピクチャとフィールドの種類が同一のピクチャを、前記参照ピクチャとする
請求項7に記載の符号化装置。 - 符号化装置が、
符号化された画像データのビットレートに基づいて、その符号化における参照ピクチャの枚数を1枚に決定する参照画数決定ステップと、
前記参照画数決定ステップの処理により前記参照ピクチャの枚数が1枚に決定された場合、画像データの中から1枚の画像データを参照ピクチャとして決定する参照ピクチャ決定ステップと
を含む符号化方法。
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