WO2011136204A1 - Système de commande de réseau électrique, et procédé de commande de réseau électrique - Google Patents

Système de commande de réseau électrique, et procédé de commande de réseau électrique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011136204A1
WO2011136204A1 PCT/JP2011/060130 JP2011060130W WO2011136204A1 WO 2011136204 A1 WO2011136204 A1 WO 2011136204A1 JP 2011060130 W JP2011060130 W JP 2011060130W WO 2011136204 A1 WO2011136204 A1 WO 2011136204A1
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Prior art keywords
power
frequency
control
voltage
power system
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PCT/JP2011/060130
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
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修 石岡
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通研電気工業株式会社
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/12—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load
    • H02J3/14—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load by switching loads on to, or off from, network, e.g. progressively balanced loading
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
    • H02J2310/50—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load for selectively controlling the operation of the loads
    • H02J2310/56—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load for selectively controlling the operation of the loads characterised by the condition upon which the selective controlling is based
    • H02J2310/58—The condition being electrical
    • H02J2310/60—Limiting power consumption in the network or in one section of the network, e.g. load shedding or peak shaving
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/30—Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for improving the carbon footprint of the management of residential or tertiary loads, i.e. smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the buildings sector, including also the last stages of power distribution and the control, monitoring or operating management systems at local level
    • Y02B70/3225—Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S20/00—Management or operation of end-user stationary applications or the last stages of power distribution; Controlling, monitoring or operating thereof
    • Y04S20/20—End-user application control systems
    • Y04S20/222—Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for stabilizing an electric power system by load device control.
  • control means by various voltage control devices in each part of the system exists for controlling the voltage of the power system.
  • the frequency is a characteristic that varies depending on the balance between the generated power and the consumed power. When the power consumption exceeds the generated power, the frequency decreases, and when the power consumption decreases, the frequency increases. Conventionally, a stable frequency has been maintained by matching power demand forecast and supply capacity plan. However, if a large amount of renewable energy power generation, for which a technology for predicting the amount of power generation is not established, frequency stabilization becomes more difficult to solve.
  • Patent Document 1 discloses a method of stabilizing the frequency of the power system by detecting the frequency.
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a power system disclosed in Patent Document 1. As illustrated in FIG. The power system 101 is connected with small-capacity power generation devices 104 and 105 using natural energy. The frequency detection unit 1 on the customer load device side detects the frequency of the power system and adjusts the power consumption of the load device 106 to stabilize the frequency. Further, the system frequency control device 108 of the electric power company detects the frequency of the power system and adjusts the power generation output of the power plants 102 and 103 to stabilize the frequency.
  • Patent Document 2 discloses a method for stabilizing the frequency of a power system by measuring the frequency deviation of the power system inside the controllable load control system and controlling the power consumption of the controllable load according to the measured frequency deviation. Is disclosed.
  • a power generation method using natural energy such as solar power generation or wind power generation not only has a large fluctuation in output power but also a large fluctuation in output voltage.
  • the problem that the voltage of a power distribution system rises by linking photovoltaic power generation has been reported.
  • the conventional control method for detecting the frequency and stabilizing the frequency has a problem that it is difficult to improve comprehensive stability including the frequency and voltage of the power system.
  • it is possible to maintain the system voltage by arranging a number of voltage stabilizing devices in the power system there is a problem that the cost of countermeasures is high.
  • Non-Patent Document 1 proposes a method of detecting a frequency and blocking a load in order to improve the frequency and system stability in such an emergency situation.
  • An electric device such as a washing / drying machine detects the frequency by itself, and automatically stops the device when the frequency is greatly reduced.
  • the system voltage greatly fluctuates in an emergency, but there is a problem that sufficient power quality cannot be maintained because the stabilization control does not function while the frequency fluctuation is small. .
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a power system control system and a power system control method capable of improving comprehensive stability of a power system at a relatively low cost and preventing occurrence of a large-scale power outage accident in an emergency situation. .
  • the frequency and voltage of the power system are detected by a system information detection device.
  • the power system frequency is controlled by controlling the power consumption of the electric device to be controlled that the customer system has based on the detected frequency and the voltage, or by cutting off the electric device.
  • An electric power system control system characterized by stabilizing a voltage.
  • the system information detection device detects the frequency of the power system.
  • a power system control system characterized by implementing safety measures in the event of an emergency situation including tightness.
  • the present invention (4) is the power system control system according to any one of the inventions (1) to (3), wherein the electrical device is a thermal energy supply device, an energy storage device, or a power generation facility. .
  • the present invention (5) is characterized in that the system information detection device includes a device for converting a detection signal into a control signal, and transmits the control signal to the electric device through a power line. It is an electric power system control system of the said invention (4).
  • the present invention (6) is characterized in that the power system characteristic fluctuation factor is a wind power generator or a power generator using renewable energy including a solar power generator. It is an electric power system control system given in any 1 paragraph of (3).
  • the present invention (7) in an electric power system constituted by a transmission / distribution system and a plurality of customer systems, the frequency and voltage of the electric power system and the system stability are connected.
  • the frequency and voltage of the power system is detected by a system information detection device, and the electric system to be controlled that the consumer system has based on the detected frequency and voltage. It is a power system control method comprising controlling power consumption or shutting off the electrical equipment.
  • a system information detection device e.g., a Bosch Sensortec BMA150 /Chip
  • a power system control method comprising controlling power consumption or shutting off the electrical equipment.
  • an emergency situation including a substation accident and supply / demand tightness occurs in a power system composed of a power transmission / distribution system and a plurality of customer systems connected to one or a plurality of power system characteristic fluctuation factors.
  • the power system control method includes a step of controlling power consumption of an electric device to be controlled included in the customer system or cutting off the electric device.
  • the present invention (9) is the power system control method according to the invention (7) or the invention (8), wherein the system information detecting device is provided at a boundary point between the power distribution system and the customer system.
  • the present invention (10) is the power system control method according to any one of the inventions (7) to (9), wherein the electrical device is a thermal energy supply device, an energy storage device, or a power generation facility. .
  • the present invention (11) is characterized in that the system information detection device includes a device for converting a detection signal into a control signal, and transmits the control signal to the electric device via a power line.
  • the invention (12) is characterized in that the variation factor of the power system characteristics is a wind power generator or a power generator using renewable energy including a solar power generator. This is the power system control method of (11).
  • the present invention (1), (2), (6), (7), (8), (12), it contributes to the stabilization of the power system such as frequency, voltage and system stability and can be regenerated. It is possible to increase the possible amount of system linkage of fluctuation factors of power system characteristics such as energy. Power system can be stabilized with relatively easy technology, social cost is low, and early feasibility is high. As a countermeasure for stabilization in an emergency or tight supply and demand situation, it is possible to provide a stabilization method that has a smaller control delay and is more effective than a system stabilization method that uses only frequency detection. According to the present invention (3) and (9), the transmission path installation cost can be suppressed and the transmission delay can be reduced. According to the present invention (4), (10), it is possible to minimize the burden on the customer side. According to the present invention (5) and (11), it is not necessary to newly install a line dedicated to control signal transmission, and therefore the system can be realized at low cost.
  • the power system control system is a control system that detects frequency fluctuations and voltage fluctuations of the power system and automatically controls power consumption of the load equipment or automatically shuts off the load equipment.
  • a detection device that detects a frequency and a voltage is arranged at a boundary point between a commercial power system and a power system in a consumer for each consumer such as a house or a business office.
  • a customer system an electric power system connecting load devices for each consumer such as a house or business office
  • a detection device is referred to as a system information detection device or a smart meter.
  • a smart meter installed for each door generates a control signal based on the detected voltage and frequency deviation, and transmits the control signal to an electric device (control target device) that is a controlled load.
  • a circuit that receives a control signal is added to the control target device, and the output of the electric device is controlled based on the control signal from the smart meter and the base output signal during operation, or the electric device is shut off.
  • the control target device it is preferable to target a heat energy supply device, for example, a heat pump water heater, an air conditioner, a refrigerator, or a vending machine, in which output fluctuation is difficult to be recognized by the user even when output control is performed. In the future, it may be applied to energy storage devices such as PEHV (plug-in hybrid vehicles) and EV (electric vehicles) storage batteries.
  • PEHV plug-in hybrid vehicles
  • EV electric vehicles
  • FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram of a power system stabilizing autonomous load control system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the power system includes a transmission / distribution system 1 and a consumer system 2 that consumes power.
  • a transmission / distribution system 1 such as commercial power
  • electric power is supplied from a wind power generator 5 and solar power generators 6 and 7 in addition to a system power supply 4 such as thermal power generation and hydroelectric power generation.
  • a customer system is connected to the end of the power system.
  • Smart meters 3 and 8 for detecting power quality are arranged at the boundary points between the power system and the customer system.
  • control target devices 9 and 10 included in the customer system 2 are provided with a circuit for controlling power consumption by a control signal from a smart meter.
  • the non-controllable device 12 does not have such a control circuit and does not perform power consumption control depending on power quality.
  • the control target device it is preferable to select a thermal energy supply device, an energy storage device, or the like as described above.
  • power generation facilities such as the solar power generation 11 can be targeted by the smart meter.
  • an electric device in which output fluctuation is easily recognized by the user for example, a television, a lighting device, etc.
  • the power system control system according to the present invention is not limited to a power generator using renewable energy, but is applied to a power system including a fluctuation factor of some power system characteristics (voltage, frequency, etc.) to stabilize or Needless to say, it is an effective system for implementing safety measures at times.
  • a method of arranging a detection device (smart meter) as shown in FIG. 1 at a boundary point between the power system and the customer system is called a door-to-door detection method.
  • the central control method is a method in which system characteristics such as frequency are detected at a central power supply command station or a system power supply station, and a control signal is transmitted to a control target position through a lower electrical station or a lower system. If load control is performed by this method, the system behavior may become unstable due to transmission delay. Therefore, tuning for coordinating the central control system and the device control system is indispensable, and it is difficult to implement it for a load control system for a large number of devices.
  • the distribution station detection method is a method in which system characteristics are detected in the distribution station and an output control signal is transmitted to the control device of each house.
  • the self-end detection method is a method in which all electric devices to be controlled by consumers have a detection device and generate a control signal according to the detected system characteristic. Since the detection device and the control device are in each device, it is not necessary to secure a transmission path outside the device, and it is relatively easy to implement, but there is a problem that it costs more to install the detection device in all devices. is there. In contrast to these methods, the door-to-door detection method requires only that the control signal transmission line be installed inside the customer system, so the transmission line installation cost is relatively low and the transmission delay is small.
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of the power system stabilization autonomous load control system according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • the internal configuration of the customer system will be described in more detail with reference to FIG.
  • the smart meter 21 includes a frequency detection device 26 that detects the frequency of the power system and a voltage detection device 28 that detects the voltage. It is also possible to provide a watt hour meter 35.
  • the detected frequency deviation ⁇ f and voltage deviation ⁇ v are converted into output control signals ⁇ Pf and ⁇ Pv by conversion circuits 27 and 29, respectively.
  • the output control signal is added by the adder 30, and the signal is placed on the power line 22 and transmitted to the control target device 23.
  • the control target device 23 includes a signal extraction circuit that extracts a signal from the power line.
  • a method for transmitting a signal using a power line is called a power line method.
  • the equipment / system configuration is simple, the technical difficulty is low, and the low There are many excellent points such as low cost and small transmission delay, and it is the most practical method.
  • the control signal ⁇ P transmitted through the power line is added to the pre-change output command value ⁇ P 0 inside the control target device 23 and sent to the control circuits 32 and 33 as the post-change output ⁇ Pe.
  • the heat energy supply device In this case, it is used as a signal for controlling the heat output.
  • the heat energy supply device As shown in FIG. 2, it is also possible to arrange switches 24 and 25 inside the smart meter 21 so as to perform input switching between the frequency detection device and the voltage detection device.
  • a reactive power output may be output by the control circuit 38 disposed in the control circuit 23.
  • FIG. 3 is a specific example of the output control characteristic based on the frequency deviation according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • the control method according to the embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 3 is an “output control method using frequency deviation” in which the output is adjusted in proportion to the frequency deviation.
  • the control command is output by changing the ratio to the rated output in proportion to the frequency deviation with respect to an arbitrary operation output at the reference frequency.
  • the control command ⁇ P load is expressed by the following formula with respect to the frequency deviation ⁇ f.
  • inverter control is mainstream, and constant power control is performed to maintain power consumption substantially constant even when the frequency fluctuates.
  • the control method according to the present invention is a variable frequency deviation output method that changes the output in proportion to the frequency deviation while using the output value based on the operation command as the base output.
  • the time delay T f is the total of the detection time and the signal transmission time T 1 and the control delay T 2 after the device receives the signal.
  • the device receives the ⁇ f signal and converts it to a ⁇ P output according to the set characteristics.
  • T 2 Since the heat output device is controlled by an inverter, the time delay T 2 can be regarded as almost zero. Since T 1 is a time delay from the signal detection point to the electric device, it depends on the system configuration. When the signal detection location is on the power system side, T 1 is about 2 to 10 seconds. When it is detected by a location close to the load device, for example, a watt hour meter, it is about several tens of msec. When detected in a load device, it can be regarded as almost zero. Consider the effect of delay on the frequency after ⁇ P changes.
  • M is the generator inertia constant of the entire system
  • D is the braking coefficient.
  • the delay time after the change of ⁇ P is a time delay of about 8 seconds corresponding to M.
  • the time delay is about the same as the movement of the instantaneous reserve force. Therefore, it works in the direction of worsening the frequency. For this reason, it is not preferable to employ central control, and it is preferable to employ a load control method based on frequency-by-door detection.
  • FIG. 4 is a specific example of output control characteristics based on voltage fluctuation according to the embodiment of the present invention. Basically, it is the same as in the case of frequency detection. When the voltage increases, the power consumption is increased by increasing the output, and when the voltage decreases, the power consumption is decreased by decreasing the output. In contrast to the conventional control of the constant power characteristic, the present invention controls the substantially constant impedance characteristic.
  • v min and v max are set to 95% and 105%, respectively, with respect to the reference voltage during operation.
  • Load control by ⁇ v can be used for voltage drop operation when supply and demand is tight. If the transmission voltage of the upper system, for example, the distribution substation is lowered by 5 to 10% when supply and demand is tight, the power consumption can be automatically reduced by the control on the smart meter side.
  • Load control logic by combining ⁇ f and ⁇ v As an example of the load control logic according to the present invention, it is also possible to control so that the combined value ⁇ P of the output change amount ⁇ P f by ⁇ f detection and the output change amount ⁇ P v by ⁇ v detection becomes a change from the current operation output. It is.
  • the frequency deviation changes with a time lag in the generator inertia constant of the entire system, but there is no time lag with respect to the voltage, and the voltage changes immediately according to the change in the detection amount. Therefore, control of ⁇ f and ⁇ v can be regarded as independent control, and the deviation-output relationship may be set independently.
  • load control is performed only by frequency detection, the following problems may occur.
  • the distribution voltage tends to increase.
  • the control by only the frequency detection works in the direction of load suppression, and also the voltage is induced higher, so that solar power generation is suppressed. Therefore, it is not preferable in terms of effective use of renewable energy and frequency stability control.
  • the stabilization control in such a case becomes possible. For example, in the case described above, automatic control is performed so as to increase the power consumption of the load device by detecting a highly induced voltage, so that the distribution voltage is stably maintained.
  • Patent Document 3 in a power system consisting of a high-voltage system that is a host system and a low-voltage system on the customer side equipped with a distributed power source, the frequency and voltage of the low-voltage system are measured by a measuring device disposed in the low-voltage system. , By constantly monitoring the load status (power consumption) based on the measured signal and controlling the shutoff of the load equipment, it is possible to effectively use the capacity of the distributed power source possessed by the consumer. An operating system is disclosed. Patent Document 3 is similar to the present invention in that there is a description that frequency and voltage are detected, but there is no description of “detecting frequency and voltage simultaneously” described in the present invention.
  • Patent Document 3 the purpose of the system described in Patent Document 3 is “effective use of distributed power supply capability”, and the purposes of the present invention are “stabilization of power system such as frequency, voltage, stability of power system” and “ It is different from “automated safety measures and cost reduction of power system in emergency such as demand tightness”.
  • the technique disclosed in the present invention is a technique for achieving the object by simultaneously detecting the frequency and voltage of the power system and performing load control.
  • the technique according to the present invention is devised from the description disclosed in Patent Document 3. It is not easy to do.
  • the frequency controllability is defined as the amount of decrease in frequency when the power loss of 10% of the system capacity is lost and the frequency controllability is calculated using X as a parameter, the graph shown in FIG. 5 is obtained.
  • FIG. 5 shows that the frequency controllability is lowered by 1.25 Hz without the control load, whereas the frequency controllability can be improved by introducing the control load even slightly.
  • the frequency controllability becomes 0.57 Hz, and the frequency drop can be suppressed to about half compared to the case without the control load, which is a significant effect in improving frequency stability.
  • the frequency controllability becomes 0.57 Hz, and the frequency drop can be suppressed to about half compared to the case without the control load, which is a significant effect in improving frequency stability.
  • the present invention detects the frequency and voltage of the power feeding system by the door-to-door detection method and controls the power consumption of the load equipment, thereby reducing the stabilization of the power system during normal times and emergency. It will be realized in the field and will greatly contribute to the field of power supply.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)
  • Remote Monitoring And Control Of Power-Distribution Networks (AREA)

Abstract

La recherche concernant les systèmes de gestion de l'appel de puissance fait des progrès à titre de disposition prise contre la chute de qualité de l'énergie, des pannes d'électricité à grande échelle et analogues dont on prédit qu'elles accompagnent l'introduction à grand volume de production d'électricité par énergie renouvelable dans le réseau électrique. Des systèmes de gestion de l'appel de puissance classiques utilisaient un procédé qui détectait la fréquence du réseau électrique et régulait la consommation d'électricité d'un appareil formant charge, mais n'étaient pas capable de maintenir une qualité d'énergie globale et une alimentation stable qui comprend la tension, la fréquence et la stabilité. La présente invention utilise un procédé qui détecte la tension en plus de la fréquence du réseau électrique, et régule la consommation d'électricité d'un appareil formant charge. Le maintien d'une qualité d'énergie globale et d'une alimentation stable devient possible. La disposition de dispositifs de détection utilise un procédé de détection de logement à logement, un dispositif de commande est disposé dans un appareil devant être géré, et un signal de commande est transmis par des lignes électriques. Des modifications ou additions matérielles à grande échelle ne sont pas nécessaires, et il devient possible d'obtenir la stabilisation du réseau électrique à bas coût.
PCT/JP2011/060130 2010-04-28 2011-04-26 Système de commande de réseau électrique, et procédé de commande de réseau électrique WO2011136204A1 (fr)

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JP2010104447A JP5309077B2 (ja) 2010-04-28 2010-04-28 電力系統制御システム、及び、電力系統制御方法
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CN104578113B (zh) * 2015-01-05 2017-02-01 国电南瑞科技股份有限公司 基于agc的机组控制模式自适应切换方法
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