WO2011088608A1 - 基于电子标签和数据库的室内外定位***及其定位方法 - Google Patents

基于电子标签和数据库的室内外定位***及其定位方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011088608A1
WO2011088608A1 PCT/CN2010/002222 CN2010002222W WO2011088608A1 WO 2011088608 A1 WO2011088608 A1 WO 2011088608A1 CN 2010002222 W CN2010002222 W CN 2010002222W WO 2011088608 A1 WO2011088608 A1 WO 2011088608A1
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Prior art keywords
tag
electronic
database
radio frequency
indoor
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PCT/CN2010/002222
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English (en)
French (fr)
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张楠
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上海图渊信息技术有限公司
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Publication of WO2011088608A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011088608A1/zh

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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/87Combinations of radar systems, e.g. primary radar and secondary radar
    • G01S13/876Combination of several spaced transponders or reflectors of known location for determining the position of a receiver
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S5/00Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
    • G01S5/02Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations using radio waves
    • G01S5/0295Proximity-based methods, e.g. position inferred from reception of particular signals

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a positioning system for logistics and navigation, in particular to an indoor and outdoor positioning system based on an electronic tag and a database and a positioning method thereof.
  • LBS Location Based Service
  • GPS GPS is a navigation system based on a medium-distance circular orbit satellite. It provides accurate positioning, speed measurement and high-precision time standards for most areas of the Earth's surface.
  • the GPS system consists of approximately 24 dedicated GPS satellites and ground support equipment. Civil GPS can achieve a positioning accuracy of about ten meters.
  • the disadvantages are: The GPS is not accurate enough to cover indoor and shaded outdoor spaces, and is not easy to deploy. At the same time, users are also being tracked while using navigation services, and privacy cannot be guaranteed.
  • WiFi wireless local area network
  • IEEE802.il protocol wireless local area network
  • the WiFi network set under the IEEE802.il protocol uses two wireless modes in the IEEE802.il protocol. Frequency modulation method and a way of infrared transmission. Communication between the two devices can be done in a free and direct manner, or under the coordination of a base station or access point.
  • GSM or CDMA wireless mobile communication network is made up of many small like bee cells.
  • each cell has its own number, and the area where the mobile phone is located can be known by the identification number of the cell where the mobile phone is located.
  • the disadvantages are: The positioning accuracy of the indoor application is not enough, and the privacy of the user cannot be protected.
  • RFID is the abbreviation of Radio Frequency Identification, which is radio frequency identification, commonly known as electronic label.
  • RFID radio frequency identification is a non-contact automatic identification technology. It automatically recognizes the target object and acquires relevant data through radio frequency signals. The identification work can work in various bad environments without manual intervention.
  • RFID technology recognizes high-speed moving objects and recognizes multiple labels at the same time, making operation quick and easy. Disclosure of invention
  • the invention provides an indoor and outdoor positioning system based on an electronic tag and a database and a positioning method thereof, which can realize high-precision indoor and outdoor geographical positioning, low deployment cost, and is more suitable for mobile computing, and solves the problem that the user's location and other privacy are exposed.
  • the problem can realize high-precision indoor and outdoor geographical positioning, low deployment cost, and is more suitable for mobile computing, and solves the problem that the user's location and other privacy are exposed.
  • the present invention provides an indoor and outdoor positioning system based on an electronic tag and a database, and a positioning method thereof, the system comprising a reading device, and a plurality of electronic radio frequency tags; the electronic radio frequency tag and the reading device are wirelessly connected The radio frequency is identified.
  • the above-mentioned electronic radio frequency tag is disposed on a fixed or mobile marker indoors and outdoors; the above-mentioned reading device is a mobile device.
  • the above-mentioned electronic radio frequency tag database contains location coded information of the tag; the above-mentioned reading device database contains geographical information.
  • the above-mentioned electronic radio frequency tag includes a geotag and an object tag; the geotag is in an absolutely static state; the object tag stores a position code of the object and a code of the object's own name and nature, and the object can move, and when the object tag moves, According to the needs of the actual application, the position information after the movement is obtained by manual or instrumental measurement, and the database position coding information of the object label is updated accordingly.
  • the above-mentioned electronic radio frequency tag is active or passive, and the transmitting frequency of the electronic radio frequency tag is low frequency or high frequency or ultra high frequency.
  • the above reading device is divided into a high frequency reader and a UHF reader, the reading distance of the high frequency reader is 0 to 20 cm, and the reading distance of the UHF reader is 0 to 2 meters.
  • Positioning method for indoor and outdoor positioning system based on electronic radio frequency tag and database, The feature is that it contains the following steps:
  • Step 1 pre-arrange a plurality of geotags and object tags on fixed or moving markers in the indoor, shaded outdoor or unobstructed outdoor space, and record the location coded information of the tags in the tag database;
  • Step 2 The reading device starts to detect the label
  • Step 3 The reading device reads location code information in the electronic radio frequency tag database
  • Step 3.1 The reading device transmits radio waves
  • Step 3.2 After the electronic RF tag senses the radio signal of the device, it feeds back the location code information of its internal database to the reading device;
  • Step 4 The reading device queries the information in the reading device database according to the location encoding information in the read tag database, and obtains the geographical location information of the tag location;
  • Step 5 Read the geographical location information of the current location of the device display label.
  • step 3 if the electronic radio frequency tag is detected within the reading distance, and the signal strength exceeds the set threshold, step 3 is performed. If a plurality of electronic radio frequency tags are detected within the maximum reading distance of the reading device, Then, the reading device selects the strongest electronic radio frequency tag for reading.
  • the geographical location coding information recorded in the reading device database comprises: a first-order reference five-dimensional coordinates, the five-dimensional coordinates including geographic longitude, latitude, absolute altitude, relative ground height, and positioning time;
  • Relative four-dimensional coordinates of the secondary reference relative to the first-level reference including longitude, latitude, altitude, and time;
  • the reading device calculates the current latitude and longitude and altitude information directly or through a formula according to the position encoding information in the read tag database, and obtains the geographical position information of the tag location.
  • the indoor and outdoor positioning system and the positioning method thereof based on the electronic tag and the database have the advantages that the system of the invention adopts the electronic radio frequency tag and the wireless reading device, and can realize more precise positioning. Can cover areas that are difficult to reach in the prior art;
  • the invention adopts an electronic radio frequency tag, and has low deployment cost and is more suitable for mobile computing.
  • the electronic radio frequency tag used in the invention has only the associated content associated with the location information and is not associated with the user information, and does not actively leak the reading device and the user. Information, which solves the problem of user location and privacy exposure, and improves the security and privacy of users. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an indoor and outdoor positioning system based on an electronic tag and a database according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a positioning method of an indoor and outdoor positioning system based on an electronic tag and a database according to the present invention. The best way to implement the invention
  • the indoor and outdoor positioning system based on the electronic tag and the database of the present invention comprises a reading device 1 and a plurality of electronic radio frequency tags 2; the electronic radio frequency tag 2 and the reading device 1 are identified by radio frequency.
  • the reading device 1 adopts a portable carrying reader. If the wireless transmitting frequency of the reading device 1 is a high frequency, the reading distance is 0 to 20 cm; if the wireless transmitting frequency of the reading device 1 is ultra high frequency, Its reading distance is 0 to 2 meters.
  • the reading device 1 is internally provided with a database, and the geographical location information of each electronic RF tag 2 is recorded in the database.
  • the reading device 1 reads the position encoding information in the electronic radio frequency tag 2 by using the radio frequency principle, and queries the geographic information corresponding to the electronic radio frequency tag 2 in the database of the electronic radio frequency tag 2 according to the position encoding information of the electronic radio frequency tag 2, Obtain the current and historical geographic information of the electronic radio frequency tag 2.
  • the information contained in the database of the reading device 1 has all or part of the following information: 1.
  • Five-dimensional coordinates of the first-level reference object, the five-dimensional coordinates include geographic longitude, latitude, absolute altitude, relative ground height, and positioning time;
  • the relative four-dimensional coordinates of the Nth (N> 2) reference object relative to the N-1th reference object, such as the four-dimensional coordinates of the reference point of a room; 5.
  • the absolute coordinates of the electronic radio frequency tag 2 or the Nth level reference object can be simply added by the corresponding items of the coordinates of the first N level reference object.
  • the electronic radio frequency tag 2 employs active or passive electronic radio frequency tags of various frequencies currently available for sale, which can be placed on indoor and outdoor floors and other fixed or moving attachments such as walls.
  • the electronic radio frequency tag 2 is provided with a database in which a specific code is recorded.
  • the basic feature is that each electronic radio frequency tag 2 has a unique code. Since the general tag can store 64 to lk bits, it can be set up to 2 to 64-1024 times. A radio frequency tag 2 with different codes.
  • the geographic location information of the electronic radio frequency tag 2 can be calculated by the reading device 1 directly or by a formula according to the current latitude and longitude and altitude information. For example, suppose that the electronic radio frequency tag 2 can store 32 bits of information in total, which can be divided into every 8 bit-segment, and the longitude, latitude, altitude and other information are stored after encoding, and are decoded according to the prior agreement when reading, if the last step of encoding is Each bit of the binary code is shifted to the left, and each bit needs to be rotated right after decoding.
  • the electronic radio frequency tag 2 is divided into a geographical tag and an object tag.
  • the geography is in an absolutely static state, and the database records the geographical position information of each level; the object tag may move, and when it is positioned, it is in a static state, and if it moves, The database needs to update the geographic information it represents. It can also record or calculate the relative position of the tag or other object tag to provide information for the next application.
  • FIG. 2 a positioning method of an indoor and outdoor positioning system based on an electronic radio frequency tag and a database according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. 2:
  • Step 1 Multiple electronic RF tags 2 are pre-arranged in the indoor and shaded outdoor spaces to be positioned according to the requirements of the actual application, and are attached to the surface of the object, placed under the carpet or under the floor, etc.
  • each set point is set with one or more geotags or object tags, which can be active or passive, or can be low frequency, high frequency or ultra high frequency electronic RF tags 2, different Types of electronic radio frequency tags 2 correspond to different read ranges.
  • the electronic radio frequency tag 2 is set, the geographical location information of each electronic radio frequency tag 2 is recorded in the data base;
  • Step 2 The reading device 1 starts to detect the tag, and the reading device 1 is close to a pre-deployed electronic radio frequency tag 2, so that the electronic radio frequency tag 2 enters the maximum reading distance of the reading device 1.
  • the reading device 1 detects the electronic radio frequency tag 2 and its signal strength exceeds a predetermined threshold, it indicates that the electronic radio frequency tag 2 is within the reading distance of the reading device 1, and if there is more than one electronic radio frequency tag within the maximum reading distance. 2 is read, the reading device 1 selects the electronic RF tag 2 with the strongest signal as the tag for positioning;
  • Step 3 Read the device 1 Read the position code information in the electronic RF tag 2 database;
  • Step 3.1 Read the device 1 Send the radio wave to the electronic RF tag 2;
  • Step 3.2 The electronic radio frequency tag 2 senses the radio signal of the reading device 1 and feeds back the position code information of the internal database to the reading device 1;
  • Step 4 The reading device 1 queries the geographic information in the database of the reading device 1 according to the location encoding information in the read tag database, and obtains the geographical location information of the location of the tag, or the reading device 1 can also calculate the current latitude and longitude.
  • the height information is calculated by a formula to obtain the geographical location information of the location of the electronic radio frequency tag 2.
  • the position of the reading device 1 is approximately equal to the position of the electronic radio frequency tag 2, and the maximum error of the geographical location is the maximum reading distance of the reading device 1, for example, when the reading distance of the reading device 1 is 1.5 meters, read
  • the maximum deviation of the device 1 from its own position is 1.5 meters, and by setting the threshold of the signal strength, more accurate positioning can be obtained, and the higher the threshold, the more accurate the positioning;
  • Step 5 Read device 1 to display the geographic information of its current location.
  • the position code information is transmitted from the electronic radio frequency tag 2 to the reading device 1 in one direction, and the electronic radio frequency tag 2 transmits the data through the radio wave transmitted by the inductive reading device 1, and the electronic radio frequency tag 2 cannot be read.
  • the information of the device 1 and its user, the electronic radio frequency tag 2 cannot actively transmit the information related to the reading device 1 outward, as long as the reading device 1 itself does not send its own information, other devices or people cannot pass this. Ways to obtain user information, so that the user's privacy can be protected to a certain extent, and will not reveal privacy due to the technical characteristics of the system itself.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)
  • Position Fixing By Use Of Radio Waves (AREA)

Description

基于电子标签和数据库的室内外定位***及其定位方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于物流和导航的定位***, 具体涉及基于电子标签和 数据库的室内外定位***及其定位方法。 背景技术
基于位置的服务(LBS: Location Based Service)是电子信息产业的一个 拥有广泛应用和巨大市场价值的领域, 目前现有的定位***包含以下几种: 一、 GPS定位
全球定位*** GPS是一个基于中距离圆型轨道卫星的导航***。它可以 为地球表面绝大部分地区提供准确的定位、测速和高精度的时间标准, GPS ***由大约 24颗专用 GPS卫星及地面支持设备组成。 民用 GPS可以达到十 米左右的定位精度。
其缺点在于: 全球定位***精度不高, 且不能覆盖室内和遮蔽的室外空 间, 不易部署, 同时使用者在使用导航服务的同时, 自己也被跟踪, 隐私不 能得到保障。
二、 WiFi无线定位
基于 IEEE802.il协议的 WiFi (无线局域网) 及类似的无线定位为至少 一个访问点和一个或一个以上的客户端, 在 IEEE802.il协议下设置的 WiFi 网络,其 IEEE802.il协议采用两种无线调频方式和一种红外传输的方式。两 个设备之间的通信可以自由直接的方式进行, 也可以在基站或者访问点的协 调下进行。
其缺点在于: 范围部署成本高, 需要有源客户端设备, 10米左右的精 度对室内的应用有局限性, 维护工作量大, 使用者也同样是被跟踪的。
三、 手机移动定位
手机定位是利用 GSM或 CDMA无线移动通信网的蜂窝技术来实现位置 信息的査询, GSM或 CDMA无线移动通信网是由许多像蜜蜂蜂窝一样的小
1
确认本 区构建而成的, 每个小区都有自己的编号, 通过手机所在小区的识别号就可 以知道手机所在区域。
其缺点在于: 对室内应用定位精度不够, 且无法保护用户的隐私。
RFID是 Radio Frequency Identification的縮写, 即射频识别, 俗称电子 标签。 RFID射频识别是一种非接触式的自动识别技术, 它通过射频信号自 动识别目标对象并获取相关数据, 识别工作无须人工干预, 可工作于各种恶 劣环境。 RFID技术可识别高速运动物体并可同时识别多个标签, 操作快捷 方便。 发明的公开
本发明提供一种基于电子标签和数据库的室内外定位***及其定位方 法, 可实现高精度的室内外地理定位, 部署成本低, 更适用于移动计算, 解 决了用户的位置和其它隐私被暴露的问题。
为实现上述目的, 本发明提供一种基于电子标签和数据库的室内外定位 ***及其定位方法, 该***包含读取设备, 以及若干电子射频标签; 该电子 射频标签和读取设备之间通过无线射频进行识别。
上述的电子射频标签设置在室内外的固定或移动的标识物上; 上述的读 取设备为可移动设备。
上述的电子射频标签的数据库内包含有标签的位置编码信息; 上述的读 取设备的数据库内包含有地理信息。
上述的电子射频标签包含地理标签和物体标签; 该地理标签处于绝对静 止状态; 该物体标签内储存物体的位置编码和物体自身名称和性质的编码, 物体可发生移动, 该物体标签发生移动时, 根据实际应用的需要, 重新人工 或用仪器测量获得移动后的位置信息, 并相应更新该物体标签的数据库位置 编码信息。
上述电子射频标签为有源的或无源的, 该电子射频标签的发射频率为低 频或高频或超高频。
上述读取设备分为高频阅读器和超高频阅读器, 该高频阅读器的阅读距 离为 0到 20厘米, 该超高频阅读器的阅读距离为 0到 2米。
一种用于基于电子射频标签和数据库的室内外定位***的定位方法, 其 特征是, 包含以下步骤:
步骤 1 将多个地理标签和物体标签预先布置在室内、遮蔽的室外或无遮 蔽室外空间中的固定或移动的标识物上, 将标签的位置编码信息记录在标签 数据库中;
步骤 2读取设备开始对标签进行探测;
步骤 3 读取设备读取电子射频标签数据库内的位置编码信息;
步骤 3.1 读取设备发射无线电波;
步骤 3.2 电子射频标签感应读取设备的电波信号后, 反馈其内部数据库 的位置编码信息至读取设备;
. 步骤 4读取设备根据所读取的标签数据库内的位置编码信息,査询读取 设备数据库内的信息, 获得标签所在地的地理位置信息;
步骤 5 读取设备显示标签当前所在地的地理位置信息。
上述的步骤 2中, 若在阅读距离内探测到电子射频标签, 且信号强度超 过设定的阈值, 则进行步骤 3, 若在读取设备的最大阅读距离内, 探测到若 干个电子射频标签, 则读取设备选取信号最强的电子射频标签进行读取。
上述的步骤 4中, 读取设备数据库中记录的地理位置编码信息包含: 一级参照物五维坐标, 该五维坐标包含地理经度, 纬度, 绝对海拔高度, 相对地面高度, 定位时间;
一级参照物五维坐标的历史记录;
二级参照物相对于第一级参照物的相对四维坐标,该四维坐标包含经度、 纬度、 高度和时间;
第 N级 (N>=2)参照物相对第 N-1级参照物的相对四维坐标;
各电子射频标签相对第 N级参照物的相对四维坐标;
各级参照物 (N>=2)及各电子射频标签的四维坐标的历史记录。
上述的步骤 4中,读取设备根据所读取的标签数据库内的位置编码信息, 将当前经纬度和高度信息直接或通过公式计算, 获得该标签所在地的地理位 置信息。
本发明基于电子标签和数据库的室内外定位***及其定位方法与现有的 定位***相比, 其优点在于, 本发明***采用电子射频标签和无线的读取设 备, 可实现更精确的定位, 可覆盖现有技术难以达到的区域; 本发明采用电子射频标签, 部署成本低廉, 更适用于移动计算; 本发明采用的电子射频标签, 其编码内容仅与位置信息关联而不与用户 信息关联, 不会主动泄露读取设备和用户的信息, 解决了用户位置和隐私暴 露的问题, 提高用户使用的安全性和隐私性。 附图的简要说明
图 1为本发明基于电子标签和数据库的室内外定位***的结构示意图; 图 2为本发明基于电子标签和数据库的室内外定位***的定位方法的流 程图。 实现本发明的最佳方式
以下结合附图进一步说明本发明的实施例。
如图 1所示, 本发明基于电子标签和数据库的室内外定位***包含读取 设备 1, 以及若干电子射频标签 2;该电子射频标签 2和读取设备 1之间通过 无线射频进行识别。
读取设备 1采用可移动携带的阅读器, 若读取设备 1的无线发射频率为 高频时,其阅读距离为 0到 20厘米;若读取设备 1的无线发射频率为超高频 时, 其阅读距离为 0到 2米。 该读取设备 1内部设有数据库, 数据库中记录 有配套的每个电子射频标签 2所在地的地理位置信息。 读取设备 1通过射频 原理读取电子射频标签 2内的位置编码信息, 并根据电子射频标签 2的位置 编码信息, 查询电子射频标签 2的数据库中该电子射频标签 2所对应的地理 信息, 可以获得该电子射频标签 2当前和历史的地理信息。
读取设备 1的数据库内所包含的信息有以下的全部或部分信息: 一.一级参照物五维坐标, 该五维坐标包含地理经度, 纬度, 绝对海拔 高度, 相对地面高度, 定位时间;
二. 一级参照物五维坐标的历史记录;
三. 二级参照物相对于第一级参照物的相对四维坐标, 该四维坐标包含 经度、 纬度、 高度和时间, 例如某建筑物基准点的四维坐标;
四. 第 N级 (N>=2)参照物相对第 N-1级参照物的相对四维坐标, 例如某 房间的基准点的四维坐标; 五. 各电子射频标签 2相对第 N级参照物的相对四维坐标; 六. 各级参照物及各电子射频标签 2的四维坐标的历史记录。
其中,电子射频标签 2或第 N级参照物的绝对坐标可由前 N级参照物的 坐标的对应项简单相加即得。
电子射频标签 2采用目前公开销售的各种频率的有源或无源的电子射频 标签, 其可设置于室内外地面和墙壁等其它固定或移动附着物上。 电子射频 标签 2设有数据库, 该数据库内记录特定编码, 其基本特征是每个电子射频 标签 2拥有唯一编码, 由于一般标签可存储 64到 lk位, 因此可以最多设置 有 2的 64-1024次方个拥有不同编码的电子射频标签 2。
电子射频标签 2的地理位置信息可根据当前经纬度和高度信息, 由读取 设备 1直接或通过公式计算得到。例如, 假定电子射频标签 2共可储存 32bit 信息, 可将其分为每 8bit—段, 编码后存储经度、 纬度、 高度和其它信息, 读取时按照事先的约定解码,若编码时最后一步将 2进制码每一位循环左移, 解码时就需要首先每一位做循环右移。
电子射频标签 2分为地理标签和物体标签, 一般情况下地理处于绝对静 止状态, 数据库记录其各级地理位置信息; 物体标签可能发生移动, 起定位 作用时, 是处于静止状态, 如果发生移动, 数据库里要更新其所代表的地理 信息, 还可以记录或通过计算得出与地理标签或其它物体标签的相对位置, 为下一步应用提供信息。
以下结合图 2说明本发明一种基于电子射频标签和数据库的室内外定位 ***的定位方法:
步骤 1 多个电子射频标签 2根据实际应用的要求,按不同的密度预先布 置于需进行定位的室内和遮蔽的室外空间中, 粘贴在物体表面、 置于地毯或 地板下等看不到但无线电波可以发射到的地方, 每个设置的点设置一个或多 个地理标签或物体标签, 可以是有源或无源的, 也可以是低频、 高频或超高 频的电子射频标签 2, 不同类型的电子射频标签 2对应不同的读取范围。 设 置好电子射频标签 2后, 将每个电子射频标签 2地理位置信息都记录于数据 库内;
步骤 2读取设备 1开始对标签进行探测,读取设备 1靠近一事先部署的 电子射频标签 2, 使该电子射频标签 2进入读取设备 1的最大阅读距离。 当 读取设备 1探测到该电子射频标签 2且其信号强度超过事先制定的阈值时, 就说明电子射频标签 2在读取设备 1的阅读距离以内, 若在最大阅读距离内 有不只一个电子射频标签 2被阅读到, 读取设备 1则选取信号最强的电子射 频标签 2作为用来定位的标签;
步骤 3 读取设备 1读取电子射频标签 2数据库内的位置编码信息; 步骤 3.1 读取设备 1发射无线电波至电子射频标签 2;
步骤 3.2 电子射频标签 2感应读取设备 1的电波信号后, 反馈其内部数 据库的位置编码信息至读取设备 1 ;
步骤 4读取设备 1根据所读取的标签数据库内的位置编码信息,査询读 取设备 1数据库内的地理信息, 获得标签所在地的地理位置信息, 或者读取 设备 1也可以将当前经纬度和高度信息通过公式计算, 获得该电子射频标签 2所在地的地理位置信息。而读取设备 1所在位置大约等于该电子射频标签 2 所在的位置, 地理位置的最大误差为读取设备 1的最大阅读距离, 例如, 当 读取设备 1的最大阅读距离为 1.5米, 读取设备 1对其自身位置定位的最大 偏差为 1.5米, 而通过对信号强度的阈值设定, 可获得更精确的定位, 阈值 越高定位越精确;
步骤 5 读取设备 1显示其当前所在地的地理信息。
在上述的方式下, 位置编码信息是从电子射频标签 2单向传输到读取设 备 1的, 电子射频标签 2通过感应读取设备 1发射的无线电波传输数据, 电 子射频标签 2不能获得读取设备 1及其使用者的信息, 电子射频标签 2也不 能向外主动发射与读取设备 1相关的信息, 只要读取设备 1本身不向外发送 自身的信息, 其它设备或人就不能通过这种途径获得使用者信息, 这样使用 者的隐私可以得到一定程度的保护, 不会因为***自身的技术特点泄露隐私
{R息
尽管本发明的内容已经通过上述优选实施例作了详细介绍, 但应当认识 到上述的描述不应被认为是对本发明的限制。 在本领域技术人员阅读了上述 内容后, 对于本发明的多种修改和替代都将是显而易见的。 因此, 本发明的 保护范围应由所附的权利要求来限定。

Claims

权利要求
1. 一种基于电子标签和数据库的室内外定位***,其特征在于,该***包含 读取设备 (1 ), 以及若干电子射频标签 (2); 所述的电子射频标签 (2) 和读取设备 (1 ) 之间通过无线射频进行识别;
所述的电子射频标签 (2) 设置在室内外的固定或移动的标识物上; 所述的读取设备 (1 ) 为可移动设备。
2. 如权利要求 1所述的一种基于电子标签和数据库的室内外定位***,其特 征在于, 所述的电子射频标签 (2) 的数据库内包含有标签的位置编码信 息,位置编码信息仅与位置信息关联而不与用户信息关联;所述的读取设 备 (1 ) 的数据库内包含有地理信息。
3. 如权利要求 2所述的一种基于电子标签和数据库的室内外定位***,其特 征在于, 所述的电子射频标签 (2) 包含地理标签和物体标签; 所述的地 理标签处于绝对静止状态;所述的物体标签内储存物体的位置编码和物体 自身名称和性质的编码,物体可发生移动, 该物体标签发生移动时, 根据 实际应用的需要,重新人工或用仪器测量获得移动后的位置信息,并相应 更新该物体标签的数据库位置编码信息。
4. 如权利要求 3 所述的用于基于电子标签和数据库的室内外定位***的定 位方法, 其特征在于, 所述电子射频标签 (2) 为有源的或无源的, 所述 电子射频标签 (2) 的发射频率为低频或高频或超高频。 .
5. 如权利要求 1 所述的用于基于电子标签和数据库的室内外定位***的定 位方法, 其特征在于, 所述读取设备 (1 ) 分为高频阅读器和超高频阅读 器, 所述高频阅读器的阅读距离为 0到 20厘米, 所述超高频阅读器的阅 读距离为 0到 2米。
6. 一种用于基于电子标签和数据库的室内外定位***的定位方法,其特征在 于, 包含以下步骤:
步骤 1 将多个地理标签和物体标签预先布置在室内、 遮蔽的室外或 无遮蔽室外空间中的固定或移动的标识物上, 将标签的位置编码信息记 录在标签数据库中; 步骤 2读取设备 (1 ) 开始对标签进行探测;
步骤 3 读取设备 (1 ) 读取电子射频标签 (2) 数据库内的位置编码 倍息;
步骤 4读取设备 (1 ) 根据所读取的标签数据库内的位置编码信息, 査询读取设备(1 )数据库内的地理信息, 获得标签所在地的地理位置信 息;
步骤 5 读取设备 (1 ) 显示标签当前所在地的地理位置信息。
7. 如权利要求 6所述的用于基于电子标签和数据库的室内外定位***的定 位方法, 其特征在于, 所述的步骤 3还包含以下步骤:
步骤 3.1 读取设备 (1 ) 发射无线电波;
步骤 3.2 电子射频标签 (2) 感应读取设备 (1 ) 的电波信号后, 反 馈其内部数据库的位置编码信息至读取设备 (1 )。
8. 如权利要求 7所述的用于基于电子标签和数据库的室内外定位***的定 位方法, 其特征在于, 所述的步骤 2中, 若在阅读距离内探测到电子射频 标签(2),且信号强度超过设定的阈值,则进行步骤 3,若在读取设备(1 ) 的最大阅读距离内, 探测到若干个电子射频标签 (2), 则读取设备 (1 ) 选取信号最强的电子射频标签 (2)进行读取。
9. 如权利要求 7所述的用于基于电子标签和数据库的室内外定位***的定 位方法, 其特征在于, 所述的步骤 4中, 读取设备 (1 ) 数据库中记录的 地理位置信息包含:
一级参照物五维坐标, 该五维坐标包含地理经度, 纬度, 绝对海拔 高度, 相对地面高度, 定位时间;
一级参照物五维坐标的历史记录;
二级参照物相对于第一级参照物的相对四维坐标, 该四维坐标包含 经度、 纬度、 高度和时间;
第 N级 (N>=2)参照物相对第 N-1级参照物的相对四维坐标; 各电子射频标签 (2) 相对某级参照物的相对四维坐标;
各级参照物 (N>=2)及各电子射频标签 (2) 的四维坐标的历史记录。
10.如权利要求 7所述的用于基于电子标签和数据库的室内外定位***的定 位方法, 其特征在于, 所述的步骤 4采用以下方法: 读取设备(1 )根据所读取的标签数据库内的位置编码信息, 将当前 经纬度和高度信息直接或通过公式计算, 获得标签所在地的地理位置信 息。
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