WO2011052342A1 - 中空シャフトおよび等速自在継手 - Google Patents
中空シャフトおよび等速自在継手 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011052342A1 WO2011052342A1 PCT/JP2010/067229 JP2010067229W WO2011052342A1 WO 2011052342 A1 WO2011052342 A1 WO 2011052342A1 JP 2010067229 W JP2010067229 W JP 2010067229W WO 2011052342 A1 WO2011052342 A1 WO 2011052342A1
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- hollow shaft
- constant velocity
- universal joint
- velocity universal
- type constant
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C3/00—Shafts; Axles; Cranks; Eccentrics
- F16C3/02—Shafts; Axles
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D3/00—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
- F16D3/16—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts
- F16D3/20—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D3/00—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
- F16D3/16—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts
- F16D3/20—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members
- F16D3/202—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members one coupling part having radially projecting pins, e.g. tripod joints
- F16D3/205—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members one coupling part having radially projecting pins, e.g. tripod joints the pins extending radially outwardly from the coupling part
- F16D3/2055—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members one coupling part having radially projecting pins, e.g. tripod joints the pins extending radially outwardly from the coupling part having three pins, i.e. true tripod joints
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D3/00—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
- F16D3/16—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts
- F16D3/20—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members
- F16D3/22—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts
- F16D3/223—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts the rolling members being guided in grooves in both coupling parts
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C2204/00—Metallic materials; Alloys
- F16C2204/60—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- F16C2204/62—Low carbon steel, i.e. carbon content below 0.4 wt%
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C2326/00—Articles relating to transporting
- F16C2326/01—Parts of vehicles in general
- F16C2326/06—Drive shafts
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D3/00—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
- F16D3/16—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts
- F16D3/20—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members
- F16D3/202—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members one coupling part having radially projecting pins, e.g. tripod joints
- F16D2003/2026—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members one coupling part having radially projecting pins, e.g. tripod joints with trunnion rings, i.e. with tripod joints having rollers supported by a ring on the trunnion
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D3/00—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
- F16D3/16—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts
- F16D3/20—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members
- F16D3/22—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts
- F16D3/223—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts the rolling members being guided in grooves in both coupling parts
- F16D2003/22323—Attachments to the shaft of the inner joint member whereby the attachments are distanced from the core
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D2200/00—Materials; Production methods therefor
- F16D2200/0004—Materials; Production methods therefor metallic
- F16D2200/0008—Ferro
- F16D2200/0021—Steel
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D2250/00—Manufacturing; Assembly
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D2250/00—Manufacturing; Assembly
- F16D2250/0038—Surface treatment
- F16D2250/0053—Hardening
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a hollow shaft, in particular, a hollow shaft used for a drive shaft and a propeller shaft constituting a part of a power transmission system of an automobile, and a constant velocity universal joint using such a hollow shaft.
- Shafts that make up the power transmission system of automobiles include drive shafts that connect the final reduction gear and the wheel bearing device, and propeller shafts that transmit power from the transmission to the final reduction gear.
- a spline or the like is provided.
- the intermediate shaft of this drive shaft can be broadly divided into basic types. Solid shafts machined from solid bars, and hollow shafts that are plastically machined and joined from bars and steel pipes There is.
- a solid shaft is usually used.
- a hollow shaft has been increasingly used because of the necessity in terms of functions such as weight reduction of an automobile undercarriage, improvement of torsional rigidity and NVH characteristics. .
- the integrated hollow shaft is, for example, a swaging process in which a steel pipe is rotated around its axis while being struck in the diametrical direction at a high speed, and a press process in which the diameter is reduced by pushing the steel pipe into the die in the axial direction A molded one is used.
- the integrated hollow shaft manufactured by plastic processing such as swaging processing causes the wrinkles to be processed on the inner diameter surface (inner surface) due to the plastic flow of the material to the inner diameter side when the diameter of the steel pipe is reduced. It is easy to remain.
- the inner wrinkled surface wrinkles may become a starting point of damage when a torsional torque is applied to the shaft. If the shaft is damaged from this part, the static torsional strength and the torsional fatigue strength may be reduced.
- Patent Documents 1 to 3 joins the opening end surface of the cylindrical portion of the shaft constituent member and the opening end surface of another shaft constituent member, and increases the joining area, thereby improving the strength of the joining portion. It is.
- Patent Document 2 the pre-processing of the spline processing is formed by plastic processing, the inner diameter after the molding is made smaller than the inner diameter before the molding, and the wall thickness is made substantially the same before and after the molding.
- Patent Document 3 is intended to remove wrinkles generated by plastic working before quench hardening by cutting and grinding.
- Patent Document 1 a flange portion having a large outer diameter is formed at a joint portion, and the strength at the joint portion is improved.
- the torsional strength, etc. except for the flange portion having an enlarged diameter, and the torsional strength of the entire shaft cannot be improved.
- the flange portion having a large outer diameter is formed, the size is increased.
- Patent Document 2 the strength of the spline lower diameter can be improved, but the strength of the small diameter portion where the outer diameter surface in the vicinity of the spline is made smooth can not be improved.
- Patent Document 3 an attempt is made to ensure static torsional strength and torsional strength by removing wrinkles on the inner diameter surface.
- it is difficult to detect all the processing wrinkles on the inner diameter surface and it is difficult to remove all the processing wrinkles.
- such a process of removing the wrinkle is necessary, and the entire process becomes longer and the cost is increased.
- the hardened layer formed by carburizing and quenching has a surface abnormal layer including an incompletely hardened portion and a grain boundary oxidized portion on the surface portion.
- This abnormal surface layer is a soft and brittle layer.
- the surface of the hardened layer is subjected to grinding or the like, thereby removing the surface abnormal layer.
- An object of the present invention is to improve the static torsional strength and torsional fatigue strength of a small-diameter portion (small-diameter portion whose outer peripheral surface is a smooth surface) in the vicinity of the spline at the end, and can reduce costs. And a constant velocity universal joint using such a hollow shaft.
- the hollow shaft of the present invention is a hollow shaft that is molded from a tubular material by plastic working and is hardened and hardened, and the hardening and hardening treatment is carburizing and hardening treatment, and after the carburizing and hardening treatment, A softened part is formed in part by local heat treatment.
- the hardened layer has a high hardness at a high carbon concentration and may be brittle. For this reason, after carburizing and quenching, by forming a softened part by local heating treatment in part, the softened part can be reduced in hardness and tough.
- Male splines are formed at both ends, respectively, and are integrated hollow shafts having small diameter portions with smooth outer diameter surfaces in the vicinity of the male splines at both ends, one of the two being the smallest diameter portion.
- the minimum diameter portion is preferably a softened portion by local heat treatment.
- the minimum diameter portion having a smooth outer diameter surface is a portion that is easily deformed. For this reason, by making this small diameter part a softening part, preventing the embrittlement failure by a grain boundary fracture becomes the most preferable thing for the strength improvement in such a hollow shaft.
- the local heat treatment can be performed by high-frequency heat treatment.
- induction hardening is a method that applies the principle of heating a conductive object by placing Joule heat in a coil through which high-frequency current flows, and generating Joule heat by electromagnetic induction. How to enter.
- the carbon content can be 0.15% to 0.45%, and the surface carbon concentration of the carburized and quenched portion can be 0.50% to 0.70%. Further, it is preferable that the inner diameter surface hardness of the small diameter portion, which is the softened portion by the local heat treatment, is 45 HRC to 55 HRC, or the depth of the surface abnormal layer after the carburizing and quenching treatment is 5 ⁇ m or less.
- It may be a hollow shaft that is subjected to induction tempering after carburizing and quenching treatment, in which a softened portion is formed by local heating treatment during induction tempering.
- the local heat treatment is preferably carried out in a liquid. With local heat treatment performed in the liquid, for example, the shaft is immersed in quenching oil filled in the quenching tank, and the heating coil connected to the high-frequency power source is externally fitted to the shaft. This is a heat treatment performed by applying a high frequency to the coil.
- the small diameter portion on the fixed type constant velocity universal joint side can be a softened portion by local heating treatment. That is, the softening portion can be provided only on the fixed type constant velocity universal joint side.
- one end may be connected to a fixed type constant velocity universal joint, and the other end may be connected to a sliding type constant velocity universal joint.
- the ratio (Ds / Df) when the outer diameter of the small diameter portion of the sliding type constant velocity universal joint is Ds and the outer diameter of the small diameter portion on the fixed type constant velocity universal joint side is Df is 1.05 to 1 .13 may be used.
- L ′ the axial length of the minimum diameter portion of the shaft, which is the small diameter part on the fixed type constant velocity universal joint side, is L ′, and the outer joint of the fixed type constant velocity universal joint
- the ratio (L ′ / Lo) may be 1 to 4 when the length of the interference portion in the high operating angle bending state with the member is Lo.
- the hardness in the softened portion, the hardness can be reduced to give toughness, and the static torsional strength and torsional fatigue strength can be improved regardless of the presence or absence of processing wrinkles.
- the small diameter portion is a softened portion, the strength of the portion that is easily deformed can be improved, and the strength as the shaft can be stably obtained.
- the minimum diameter portion is a softened portion, the reliability of strength stability is improved.
- Local heat treatment can be performed by high-frequency heat treatment, and has many advantages.
- high-frequency heat treatment is capable of local heating, can be heated in a short time, has less oxidation, has less quenching distortion than other quenching methods, has high surface hardness, and has excellent strength.
- advantages such as the point obtained, the selection of the depth of the hardened layer is relatively easy, the automation is easy, and the incorporation into a machining line is possible.
- the plastic workability is good and the strength can be further increased. If the carbon content is less than 0.15%, the required hardness of the core after carburizing and quenching cannot be obtained, resulting in a decrease in strength. If the carbon content exceeds 0.45%, the plastic workability of the tubular material is reduced. To do.
- the hardness distribution at the time of carburizing and quenching can be made appropriate. If the surface carbon concentration (CP value) is less than 0.50%, stable surface hardness cannot be obtained, and if the surface carbon concentration (CP value) exceeds 0.70%, brittle fracture tends to occur. Here, the brittle fracture is a fracture in which the plastic change is remarkably reduced.
- Static torsional strength can be ensured by setting the inner surface hardness of the small-diameter portion, which has been softened by local heat treatment, to 45 HRC to 55 HRC. If the inner surface hardness is less than 45 HRC, the yield point is lowered, and if the inner surface hardness exceeds 55 HRC, the processing wrinkles and cracks caused by the plastic processing become sharp and cause a decrease in strength.
- the depth of the surface abnormal layer after the carburizing and quenching treatment 5 ⁇ m or less, the strength does not decrease, and it is not necessary to perform grinding to remove the surface abnormal layer after carburizing and quenching. Improvement and cost reduction can be achieved.
- the depth of the abnormal surface layer is 5 ⁇ m. If it exceeds, it becomes the base point and the strength decreases.
- a softened part is formed by local heating at the same time as induction tempering, the work time should be shortened compared to the process of forming a softened part by local heating after performing induction tempering. Therefore, productivity can be improved and cost can be reduced.
- the range of the heat affected zone can be localized. For this reason, it is possible to facilitate the management of local heating for the small-diameter portion, and it is possible to effectively prevent softening of unnecessary portions such as splines adjacent to the small-diameter portion.
- the ratio (Ds / Df) is 1.05 to 1.13
- the small diameter portion on the fixed type constant velocity universal joint side becomes the minimum diameter portion, and only the minimum diameter portion needs to be heated locally. The heating cost can be reduced.
- the ratio (Ds / Df) is less than 1.05, the small diameter portion on the sliding type constant velocity universal joint side becomes the weakest portion after local heating, so that it is not a countermeasure. If the ratio (Ds / Df) is larger than 1.13, plastic working becomes difficult and the manufacturing cost increases.
- the ratio (L '/ Lo) is set to 1 to 4, the maximum operating angle as a constant velocity universal joint can be secured, and the range of the local heating part can be set relatively small, making it easy to manage and reducing costs. Can be achieved. If the ratio (L ′ / Lo) ⁇ 1, the maximum operating angle as a constant velocity universal joint cannot be secured, and if the ratio (L ′ / Lo)> 4, it is difficult to obtain a limited merit.
- the hollow shaft can improve static torsional strength and torsional fatigue, and a constant velocity universal joint capable of stable torque transmission over a long period of time can be configured.
- FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of a hollow shaft 1 according to the present invention.
- the hollow shaft 1 includes a large-diameter portion 2 at an intermediate portion in the axial direction, splines (male spline portions) 3 and 4 at both ends, Small diameter portions 5 and 6 disposed between the large diameter portion 2 and the splines 3 and 4 are provided.
- a spline shoulder 7 is provided between the spline 3 and the small diameter portion 5, and a spline shoulder 8 is provided between the spline 4 and the small diameter portion 6.
- the spline shoulder portions 7 and 8 include short cylindrical portions 7a and 8a and tapered portions 7b and 8b, respectively.
- Middle diameter portions 9 and 10 are provided between the large diameter portion 2 and the small diameter portions 5 and 6, respectively.
- the middle diameter portions 9 and 10 are formed with circumferential grooves 11 and 12 for boot mounting, which will be described later.
- tapered portions 13 and 14 are provided between the medium diameter portions 9 and 10 and the small diameter portions 5 and 6.
- the splines 3 and 4 are formed with fitting grooves 15 and 16 in which retaining rings to be described later are mounted.
- this hollow shaft 1 is applied to a drive shaft as shown in FIG. 2, for example. That is, one end is connected to the fixed type constant velocity universal joint 20 via the spline 3, and is connected to the sliding type constant velocity universal joint 21 via the other end spline 4.
- the constant velocity universal joint 20 is shown as an example of a Rzeppa type here, but other fixed type constant velocity universal joints such as an undercut free type having a straight portion at the bottom of the ball groove can also be adopted.
- the constant velocity universal joint 20 includes an outer joint member 25, an inner joint member 26, a plurality of balls 27 as torque transmitting elements, and a cage 28 that holds the balls 27 as main members.
- the outer joint member 25 is made of, for example, medium carbon steel containing 0.50 to 0.55 wt% of carbon such as S53C, and includes a mouse part 31 and a shaft part (stem part) 32.
- the mouse part 31 opens at one end.
- a plurality of ball grooves 34 extending in the axial direction are formed on the spherical inner peripheral surface (inner spherical surface) 33 at equal intervals in the circumferential direction.
- the inner joint member 26 is made of medium carbon steel containing 0.17 to 0.23 wt% of carbon such as SCr420, for example, and is spline-fitted with the spline 3 at the end of the shaft 1 through the spline hole 36a in the shaft center.
- SCr420 medium carbon steel
- the shaft 1 is coupled to be able to transmit torque.
- the shaft 1 is prevented from coming off from the inner joint member 26 by a retaining ring 39 attached to the end of the shaft 1.
- the inner joint member 26 has a spherical outer peripheral surface (outer spherical surface) 35, and a plurality of ball grooves 36 extending in the axial direction are formed at equal intervals in the circumferential direction.
- the ball groove 34 of the outer joint member 25 and the ball groove 36 of the inner joint member 26 form a pair, and one ball 27 is incorporated in a ball track formed by each pair of ball grooves 34 and 36 so as to roll. It is.
- the ball 27 is interposed between the ball groove 34 of the outer joint member 25 and the ball groove 36 of the inner joint member 26 to transmit torque. All balls 27 are held in the same plane by the cage 28.
- the cage 28 is interposed between the outer joint member 25 and the inner joint member 26 in a spherical contact state, is in contact with the inner spherical surface 33 of the outer joint member 25 at the spherical outer peripheral surface, and is inner at the spherical inner peripheral surface. It contacts the outer spherical surface 35 of the joint member 26.
- the opening of the mouse part 31 is closed with a boot 40 in order to prevent leakage of the lubricant filled inside and to prevent foreign matter from entering from the outside.
- the boot 40 includes a large diameter portion 40a, a small diameter portion 40b, and a bellows portion 40c that connects the large diameter portion 40a and the small diameter portion 40b.
- the large diameter portion 40 a is attached to the opening of the mouse portion 31 and fastened with a boot band 41.
- the small-diameter portion 40b is attached to the boot mounting portion of the shaft 1 (the portion having the circumferential groove 11 for boot mounting of the medium-diameter portion 9) and fastened with the boot band 42.
- the sliding type constant velocity universal joint 21 is shown here as an example of a tripod type, but other sliding type constant velocity universal joints such as a double offset type can also be adopted.
- the constant velocity universal joint 21 includes an outer joint member 51, a trunnion 52 as an inner joint member, and a roller 53 as a torque transmission element as main components.
- the outer joint member 51 is made of, for example, medium carbon steel containing 0.17 to 0.23 wt% of carbon such as SCr420, and is composed of a mouse portion 51a and a stem portion 51b.
- the stem portion 51b is connected to the output shaft of the final reduction gear. It connects so that torque transmission is possible.
- the mouse portion 51a has a cup shape opened at one end, and a track groove 56 extending in the axial direction is formed at a position of the inner circumference in the circumferential direction. For this reason, the cross-sectional shape of the mouse
- the trunnion 52 includes a boss 58 and a leg shaft 59.
- the trunnion 52 is made of, for example, medium carbon steel containing 0.17 to 0.23 wt% of carbon such as SCr420, and the spline 4 of the shaft 1 is formed in the spline hole 58a of the boss 58. It is coupled so that torque can be transmitted.
- the leg shaft 59 protrudes in the radial direction from the circumferentially divided position of the boss 58.
- a roller 53 is rotatably supported on each leg shaft 59.
- the boot 60 is attached to close the opening of the outer joint member 51. This prevents leakage of the lubricant filled inside and prevents foreign matter from entering from the outside.
- the boot 60 includes a large diameter portion 60a, a small diameter portion 60b, and a bellows portion 60c between the large diameter portion 60a and the small diameter portion 60b.
- the large diameter portion 60a is attached to the open end of the mouse portion 51a.
- the small-diameter portion 60 b is attached to the boot mounting portion of the shaft 1 (the portion having the circumferential groove 12 for mounting the boot of the medium-diameter portion 10) and tightened with the boot band 62.
- the outer diameter dimension of the small diameter portion 6 on the sliding type constant velocity universal joint 21 side is Ds (see FIG. 1)
- the outer diameter dimension of the small diameter portion 5 on the fixed type constant velocity universal joint 20 side is Df.
- the ratio (Ds / Df) is 1.05 to 1.13 (see FIG. 1). For this reason, the small diameter portion 5 on the fixed type constant velocity universal joint 20 side becomes the minimum diameter portion (minimum smooth portion).
- this hollow shaft 1 is first splined at both ends by plastic working such as swaging for rotating the steel pipe (tubular material) around its axis and striking it in the diameter direction at a high speed.
- a hollow body in which 4 is not formed is formed.
- splines 3 and 4 are formed at the end of the hollow body by rolling or pressing.
- carburizing and quenching is a method in which carbon is infiltrated / diffused from the surface of a low-carbon material, and then quenched.
- the carbon content of the tubular material is 0.15% to 0.45%
- the surface carbon concentration (CP value) during the carburizing and quenching process is 0.50% to 0.70%.
- a softened portion M (see FIGS. 4 and 5) is formed in a part thereof by local heating treatment.
- the softened portion M is the small diameter portion 5 on the fixed type constant velocity universal joint 20 side, that is, the minimum diameter portion in which the outer peripheral surface is a smooth surface.
- the local heat treatment induction hardening is performed.
- the small diameter portion (minimum smooth portion) 5 has high hardness and may be brittle. For this reason, by locally heating the small diameter portion (minimum smooth portion) 5, the hardness is lowered and ductility is imparted.
- Induction hardening is a hardening method that applies the principle of heating a conductive object by placing a portion necessary for hardening in a coil through which high-frequency current flows and generating Joule heat by electromagnetic induction. For example, as shown in FIG. 6, heating is performed from room temperature to about 300 ° C. in about 1.5 seconds, high-frequency heating is stopped in this state, and then the temperature is lowered to room temperature by air cooling.
- Induction hardening is preferably performed in a liquid as shown in FIG.
- the local heating process performed in the liquid includes a quenching tank 70 filled with quenching oil 72 and the like, and a heating coil 71 connected to a high-frequency power source (not shown). That is, the shaft 1 is immersed in the quenching oil 72 filled in the quenching tank 70, and the heating coil 71 connected to the high frequency power source is fitted to the shaft 1 so that the coil 71 has a high frequency. It is the heat processing performed by flowing. 4 and 5 indicate the softened portion M formed by this submerged induction hardening process. The inner surface hardness of the softened portion M formed in this way is set to 45 HRC to 55 HRC.
- processing conditions processing conditions such as heating temperature, heating time, cooling time, etc.
- various conditions are selected so that the inner surface hardness of the softened portion M is 45 HRC to 55 HRC, etc. can do.
- the depth of the abnormal surface layer after carburizing and quenching is set to 5 ⁇ m or less. That is, by adjusting the thickness of the hardened layer formed by carburizing and quenching, or adjusting the material of the tubular material, the depth of the surface abnormal layer after the carburizing and quenching process is 5 ⁇ m or less. Can be set.
- the hardness can be reduced and ductility can be obtained, and the static torsional strength and torsional fatigue strength can be improved regardless of the presence or absence of processing wrinkles.
- transform can be aimed at, and the intensity
- Local heat treatment is performed by high-frequency heat treatment, and has many advantages.
- high-frequency heat treatment is capable of local heating, can be heated in a short time, has less oxidation, has less quenching distortion than other quenching methods, has high surface hardness, and has excellent strength.
- advantages such as the point obtained, the selection of the depth of the hardened layer is relatively easy, the automation is easy, and the incorporation into a machining line is possible.
- the plastic workability is good and the strength can be further increased. If the carbon content is less than 0.15%, the required hardness of the core after carburizing and quenching cannot be obtained, resulting in a decrease in strength. If the carbon content exceeds 0.45%, the plastic workability of the tubular material is reduced. To do.
- the hardness distribution at the time of carburizing and quenching can be made appropriate. If the surface carbon concentration (CP value) is less than 0.50%, stable surface hardness cannot be obtained, and if the surface carbon concentration (CP value) exceeds 0.70%, brittle fracture tends to occur. Here, the brittle fracture is a fracture in which the plastic change is remarkably reduced.
- Static torsional strength can be ensured by setting the inner surface hardness of the small-diameter portion, which has been softened by local heat treatment, to 45 HRC to 55 HRC. If the inner surface hardness is less than 45 HRC, the yield point is lowered, and if the inner surface hardness exceeds 55 HRC, the processing wrinkles and cracks caused by the plastic processing become sharp and cause a decrease in strength.
- the strength does not decrease, and it is not necessary to perform grinding to remove the surface abnormal layer after carburizing and quenching. Improvement and cost reduction can be achieved.
- the depth of the surface abnormal layer exceeds 5 ⁇ m, it becomes a base point and the strength is lowered.
- the ratio (Ds / Df) is 1.05 to 1.13, the small diameter portion 5 on the fixed type constant velocity universal joint side becomes the minimum diameter portion, and only the minimum diameter portion needs to be locally heated. The cost of local heating can be reduced. If the ratio (Ds / Df) is less than 1.05, the small-diameter portion 6 on the sliding type constant velocity universal joint side becomes the weakest portion after local heating, which is not a countermeasure. If the ratio (Ds / Df) is larger than 1.13, plastic working becomes difficult and the manufacturing cost increases.
- a normal tempering process is performed as the carburizing and quenching process.
- induction hardening as described above is performed after carburizing and quenching. Therefore, the entire or necessary portion may be tempered simultaneously with induction hardening, which is a local heating process, without performing tempering in such a carburizing and quenching process.
- the working time is compared with the process of forming the softened part by the local heating process after performing the induction tempering. Can be shortened, productivity can be improved, and cost can be reduced.
- the softened part M by the local heating process may be formed on the small diameter part 6 on the other side (sliding type constant velocity universal joint 21 side).
- strength as the whole shaft 1 can be obtained stably.
- the axial length of the smallest diameter portion (small diameter portion 5) on the fixed type constant velocity universal joint 20 side is L ′
- the outer joint member 25 of the fixed type constant velocity universal joint 20 is in a high operating angle bending state.
- the ratio (L ′ / Lo) is 1 to 4.
- the axial length L ′ of the small diameter portion 5 of the shaft 1 is set shorter than the axial length L of the small diameter portion 5 shown in FIG.
- the ratio (L ′ / Lo) is 1 to 4, the maximum operating angle as a constant velocity universal joint can be secured, the range of the local heating part can be set relatively small, and management is easy. Cost reduction can be achieved. If the ratio (L ′ / Lo) ⁇ 1, the maximum operating angle as a constant velocity universal joint cannot be secured, and if the ratio (L ′ / Lo)> 4, it is difficult to obtain a limited merit. *
- the plastic working may be performed cold or hot.
- the number of the axial convex portions and the axial concave portions can be arbitrarily set, and the shape of the axial convex portions and the axial concave portions can also be attached.
- the spline processing can be performed by pressing into a mold. In terms of dimensional accuracy, indentation molding is preferred.
- a hollow shaft for example, it is used for a drive shaft and a propeller shaft constituting a part of a power transmission system of an automobile. It is connected to a fixed type constant velocity universal joint and a sliding type constant velocity universal joint.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
- Shafts, Cranks, Connecting Bars, And Related Bearings (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
Abstract
Description
を越えると、それが基点となり強度が低下することになる。
S シャフト干渉部位
1 中空シャフト
3,4 スプライン
5,6 小径部
20 固定型等速自在継手
21 摺動型等速自在継手
Claims (14)
- 管状素材から塑性加工により成形され、焼入硬化処理された中空シャフトであって、
前記焼入硬化処理が浸炭焼入処理であって、浸炭焼入処理後において、少なくともその一部に局部加熱処理による軟化部を形成したことを特徴とする中空シャフト。 - 両端部にそれぞれ雄スプラインが形成され、両端部の雄スプラインの近傍に、その外径面が平滑とされた小径部を備えた中空シャフトであって、2つのうち一方を最小径部とし、この最小径部が局部加熱処理による軟化部であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の中空シャフト。
- 前記局部加熱処理は高周波加熱処理であることを特徴とする請求項1又は請求項2に記載の中空シャフト。
- 前記管状素材として炭素量を0.15%~0.45%としたことを特徴とする請求項1~請求項3のいずれか1項に記載の中空シャフト。
- 浸炭焼入処理部の表面炭素濃度を0.50%~0.70%としたことを特徴とする請求項1~請求項4のいずれか1項に記載の中空シャフト。
- 局部加熱処理による軟化部とした小径部の内径面硬度を45HRC~55HRCとしたことを特徴とする請求項1~請求項5のいずれか1項に記載の中空シャフト。
- 浸炭焼入処理後の表面異常層の深さが5μm以下であることを特徴とする請求項1~請求項6のいずれか1項に記載の中空シャフト。
- 浸炭焼入処理後に高周波焼戻が施される中空シャフトであって、高周波焼戻時に局部加熱処理による軟化部が形成されていることを特徴とする請求項1~請求項7のいずれか1項に記載の中空シャフト。
- 局部加熱処理は液中で行われたことを特徴とする請求項1~請求項8のいずれか1項に記載の中空シャフト。
- 一方の端部が固定型等速自在継手に連結され、固定型等速自在継手側の小径部であるシャフト最小径部を局部加熱処理による軟化部としたことを特徴とする請求項1~請求項9のいずれか1項に記載の中空シャフト。
- 一方の端部が固定型等速自在継手に連結され、他方の端部が摺動型等速自在継手に連結されることを特徴とする請求項1~請求項10のいずれか1項に記載の中空シャフト。
- 摺動型等速自在継手側の小径部の外径寸法をDsとし、固定型等速自在継手側の小径部の外径寸法をDfとしたときの比(Ds/Df)を1.05~1.13としたことを特徴とする請求項1~請求項11に記載の中空シャフト。
- 一方の端部が固定型等速自在継手に連結され、固定型等速自在継手側の小径部の軸方向長さをL´とし、固定型等速自在継手の外側継手部材との高作動角曲げ状態での干渉部位の長さをLoとしたときの比(L´/Lo)を1~4としたことを特徴とする請求項1~請求項12のいずれか1項に記載の中空シャフト。
- 前記請求項1~請求項13のいずれか1項に記載の中空シャフトを用いたことを特徴とする等速自在継手。
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US13/500,140 US9856906B2 (en) | 2009-10-29 | 2010-10-01 | Hollow shaft and constant velocity universal joint |
CN201080048490.2A CN102597547B (zh) | 2009-10-29 | 2010-10-01 | 中空轴及等速万向接头 |
EP10826476.3A EP2495461B1 (en) | 2009-10-29 | 2010-10-01 | Hollow shaft and constant velocity universal joint |
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JP2009249017A JP2011094700A (ja) | 2009-10-29 | 2009-10-29 | 中空シャフトおよび等速自在継手 |
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US9445461B2 (en) | 2011-11-04 | 2016-09-13 | Ntn Corporation | Method of producing a high-frequency heat treatment coil |
JP5917249B2 (ja) * | 2012-04-11 | 2016-05-11 | Ntn株式会社 | 等速自在継手の内方部材およびその製造方法 |
TR201505451T1 (tr) * | 2012-11-08 | 2015-07-21 | Dana Automotive Systems Group | İki̇nci̇l şekle sahi̇p, hi̇droli̇k preste bi̇çi̇mlendi̇ri̇lmi̇ş tahri̇k mi̇li̇ tüpü. |
KR101363401B1 (ko) * | 2013-09-11 | 2014-02-14 | 한국델파이주식회사 | 중공 구동축 및 이의 제조 방법 |
JP7375300B2 (ja) * | 2018-12-25 | 2023-11-08 | 株式会社ジェイテクト | 等速ジョイントの構成部材の製造方法 |
KR102274744B1 (ko) * | 2020-02-07 | 2021-07-08 | 이래에이엠에스 주식회사 | 볼 스플라인 구조를 갖는 드라이브 샤프트용 관형 샤프트를 위한 열처리 방법 및 그에 의해 제조된 관형 샤프트 |
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EP2495461A4 (en) | 2018-02-28 |
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US20120211125A1 (en) | 2012-08-23 |
EP2495461B1 (en) | 2020-01-15 |
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CN102597547B (zh) | 2015-09-16 |
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