WO2011007402A1 - 金属ナノ粒子を用いた接合材および接合方法 - Google Patents
金属ナノ粒子を用いた接合材および接合方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011007402A1 WO2011007402A1 PCT/JP2009/005609 JP2009005609W WO2011007402A1 WO 2011007402 A1 WO2011007402 A1 WO 2011007402A1 JP 2009005609 W JP2009005609 W JP 2009005609W WO 2011007402 A1 WO2011007402 A1 WO 2011007402A1
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- bonding
- metal nanoparticles
- bonding material
- nanoparticles
- silver
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- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
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- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2982—Particulate matter [e.g., sphere, flake, etc.]
- Y10T428/2991—Coated
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a bonding material for articles using metal nanoparticles and a bonding method using the same.
- the characteristics change greatly compared to an object having a size that can be visually recognized hereinafter referred to as “bulk material”.
- metal particles of nanometer order are referred to as “metal nanoparticles”.
- the melting point decreases dramatically compared to that of bulk material.
- the metal nanoparticles are melted and bonded by heating at a relatively low temperature (about 350 ° C.), and the substance-substance It is expected to form a metal bond.
- Patent Document 1 describes a specific example of this joining method.
- Patent Document 2 discloses that practical bonding strength can be obtained by mixing particles having different particle diameters and then heating and applying them while applying pressure.
- JP 2008-166086 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2008-161907
- a silver particle coated with an organic compound having 2 to 8 carbon atoms around a silver particle having a large particle diameter and a silver particle having a different particle diameter are used in combination with a nanometer order and micrometer. It is disclosed that bonding is performed using particles of a metric order, and sufficient bonding is not obtained even if metal nanoparticles are used alone.
- microparticles micrometer-order particles
- nanoparticles differ in manufacturing methods, and it is not easy to simultaneously produce each particle in a desired ratio in the same reaction furnace.
- an object of the present invention is to obtain a bonding material that can ensure high bonding strength even when the nanoparticles are used alone.
- the present invention provides a bonding material using silver nanoparticles whose surface is coated with an organic substance having 6 to 8 carbon atoms, and a bonding method using the same.
- the present invention relates to a bonding material comprising an average particle diameter of 100 nm or less and a metal nanoparticle having a surface coated with an organic substance having 6 to 8 carbon atoms, and a polar solvent of 5 to 20% by mass with respect to the metal nanoparticle.
- a bonding material comprising an average particle diameter of 100 nm or less and a metal nanoparticle having a surface coated with an organic substance having 6 to 8 carbon atoms, and a polar solvent of 5 to 20% by mass with respect to the metal nanoparticle.
- a dispersant may be further added to this bonding material.
- the metal nanoparticles may be a mixture of two or more kinds of metal nanoparticles coated with different organic substances. That is, metal nanoparticles coated with a certain organic substance and metal nanoparticles coated with another organic substance may be mixed and used at a predetermined ratio.
- one of the organic substances is preferably an unsaturated fatty acid.
- a bonding material in which metal nanoparticles having an average particle size of 100 nm or less and coated with an organic substance having 6 to 8 carbon atoms is dispersed in a polar solvent is applied to an adhesive surface.
- the bonding material may be applied to either the object to be bonded, the bonded object, or both.
- a bonding material in which metal nanoparticles having an average particle diameter of 100 nm or less and coated with an organic substance having 6 to 8 carbon atoms on the surface is dispersed in a polar solvent is used as the bonding surface and the bonded surface. Applying to Drying the bonded surface and the bonded surface below the sintering temperature of the metal nanoparticles; In the joining method, the joining surface and the surface to be joined are brought into contact with each other and heated to 200 ° C. or more and 350 ° C. or less while being pressed.
- the bonding method of the present invention is a bonding method in which the holding time of the first heating step is 30 seconds or longer and 30 minutes or shorter, and the holding time of the second heating step is 30 seconds or longer and 60 minutes or shorter.
- the metal nanoparticle is a joining method described in the above configuration, which is a silver nanoparticle.
- the bonding material of the present invention uses only metal nanoparticles having an average particle diameter of 100 nm or less, and melts at a temperature much lower than the melting point of the bulk material to form a metal bond, thereby forming a bonded body. Can do.
- the organic material that covers the surface uses a relatively small number of carbon atoms, it can be decomposed and evaporated at low temperatures, so that after firing, a bonding layer with the same strength as the bonding layer made of bulk material should be obtained. Can do.
- FIG. 2 is a TG-DTA chart of metal nanoparticles used in Example 1.
- FIG. 6 is a TG-DTA chart of metal nanoparticles used in Example 4.
- the metal nanoparticles used in the present invention have an average primary particle diameter calculated from a transmission electron micrograph of 100 nm or less, preferably 60 nm or less, more preferably 10 nm to 30 nm. Within this range, a plurality of particles having different average particle diameters may be used in combination.
- Metal nanoparticles are very active, and if the surface is exposed, adjacent particles may adhere to each other or may be oxidized in the air. Thus, attempts have been made to increase the storage stability of particles by coating the surface of metal nanoparticles with an organic compound. However, in that case, if an organic compound having a large molecular weight covering the surface is used, it is difficult to decompose or evaporate even when heated at a low temperature. In such a case, carbon in the bonding layer cannot be sufficiently removed, resulting in a decrease in bonding strength.
- the present inventors have examined that, in order to achieve such characteristics, it is appropriate to use a carboxylic acid having about 6 to 8 carbon atoms. There was found. Moreover, if it is such an organic substance, there will be no restriction
- carboxylic acids having 6 to 8 carbon atoms need only have a part of carboxylic acid, and therefore, for example, one of hydrogen of benzoic acid.
- One of them may be substituted with a hydroxyl group.
- organic substances having a steric hindrance effect such as hexanoic acid, heptanoic acid, octanoic acid, sorbic acid, benzoic acid, salicylic acid, m-hydroxybenzoic acid and p-hydroxybenzoic acid are particularly preferable. I understood.
- particles coated with such organic substances such as particles coated with hexanoic acid or sorbic acid, are given in powder form depending on the reaction, so that they can be added to storage stability and other nanoparticles. Can be obtained as well.
- the aggregate of metal nanoparticles may be referred to as powder or particle powder.
- metal nanoparticles coated with one kind of organic substance not only metal nanoparticles coated with one kind of organic substance, but also metal nanoparticles coated with different organic substances may be mixed and used.
- metal nanoparticles coated on the surface with a saturated fatty acid and metal nanoparticles coated on the surface with an unsaturated fatty acid may be mixed and used.
- metal nanoparticles whose surfaces are coated with an organic substance are dispersed in a polar solvent.
- a polar solvent is preferable because it has a lower vapor pressure than that of a nonpolar solvent when subjected to the same temperature and is suitable for handling.
- the metal nanoparticles easily aggregate, it is also preferable to add a dispersant separately in order to obtain a stable dispersion state.
- the dispersant here is not particularly defined, and a commonly known dispersant may be added.
- the bonding material of the present invention in a paste form, and application to the bonded portion is easier if the bonding material has an appropriate viscosity. Further, it is more preferable if the material having the effect of lowering the sintering temperature of the metal nanoparticles also has the effect of adjusting the viscosity. Finally, the bonding material of the present invention is provided with a viscosity of 10 to 250 Pa ⁇ s (value at 25 ° C., 5 rpm, C (cone): 65/2) at room temperature.
- a bonding material is applied to the bonding portion with a thickness of about 10 to 200 ⁇ m by various printing methods such as a metal mask, a dispenser, or a screen printing method.
- the bonding material of the present invention is a metal having the same melting point as that of the bulk after sintering, so there is little need to make the bonding interface thin. This is because the bonding layer has a hardness equivalent to that of the bulk metal.
- FIG. 1 schematically shows a joining process when the joining material of the present invention is used.
- FIG. 1A shows a state in which the bonding material 3 is applied between the bonding objects 1 and 2.
- the thin film layer for improving wettability may be formed in the surface of a joining target object.
- the thin film layer can be formed by, for example, plating, vapor deposition, sputtering, or the like, and there is no limitation on the metal species to be specifically coated. For example, a copper plate whose surface is coated with silver can be used.
- the pressure at this time be higher, it is not necessary to apply more than necessary in the case of the present invention. This is due to the fact that the organic matter covering the surface is easily decomposed and changed to a metal by adopting the particle structure as described above. If the objects to be joined are metals, about 5 MPa is sufficient.
- a preliminary firing step is performed.
- the purpose of this is to evaporate the solvent of the paste-like bonding material.
- the organic substance on the surface of the metal nanoparticles may be decomposed and sintered, it is preferable to set the decomposition temperature or lower. Since the decomposition temperature itself can be easily confirmed by TG measurement, it is preferable to measure the firing temperature in advance.
- heating is performed at a temperature at which the metal does not start to be sintered while pressure is applied to the bonding materials, that is, below the metal sintering temperature.
- the holding time depends on the area of the bonded portion, it may be about 10 minutes, or may be as short as 30 seconds.
- the firing temperature refers to a temperature at which the metal nanoparticles are melted and become a bulk state.
- a temperature raising step may be provided between the preliminary firing step and the main firing step.
- the temperature rising rate at this time is preferably in the range of 1 to 5 ° C./s.
- the main firing step is performed.
- the temperature is maintained at 200 ° C. or higher and 350 ° C. or lower for about 10 minutes while applying pressure.
- the firing time is 60 minutes or less including the holding time before and after melting, and depending on the object to be joined, sufficient adhesive strength can be obtained even for a short time of 10 minutes or less, and even 30 seconds. become.
- the composition containing fine silver particles used in the present invention comprises silver nanoparticles bonded to a carboxylic acid having 6 to 8 carbon atoms or a derivative thereof. With such a configuration, the fine silver particles in the composition can exist stably without being aggregated during drying or dispersion in a polar solvent.
- the carboxylic acid having 6 to 8 carbon atoms functions as a protective agent.
- This protective agent adheres to the surface of silver particles and has an effect of obtaining stable fine silver particles by inhibiting the bonding between the particles.
- the fine silver particle-containing composition used in the present invention may contain a polar solvent, and the fine silver particles may be dispersed in the polar solvent.
- a polar solvent water or an organic solvent having a polar group can be used. Specifically, water, alcohol, polyol, 1-methylpyrrolidinone, pyridine, terpineol, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate ⁇ -butyl lactone, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, ethylene glycol monoethyl acetate, methoxybutyl acetate, methoxy Examples include propyl acetate, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate, ethyl lactate, 1-octanol and the like.
- a method for producing fine silver particles used in the present invention will be described.
- a liquid preparation step for adjusting the raw material liquid and the reducing liquid typically, a temperature raising step for increasing the temperature, a reaction step for adding the raw material liquid to the reducing liquid and advancing the reaction, A ripening step for growing the metal particles (especially silver particles), a washing step for removing excess organic substances by repeated filtration, washing with water and dispersion, and a drying step for removing water in the liquid by drying are performed.
- the reducing solution preparation step, the silver reaction step, and the washing step are performed as follows.
- the reducing liquid used in the reducing liquid preparation step includes water, aqueous ammonia, hexanoic acid (or sorbic acid, etc.), and a hydrazine hydrated aqueous solution.
- the silver reaction step an aqueous silver nitrate solution is added to the reducing solution and reacted with the reducing solution.
- the washing step the product obtained in the reaction step is washed with water.
- the silver particles are stably present even in a polar solvent containing water, and silver nanoparticles of 100 nm or less can be obtained.
- the ammonia water included in the reducing solution is added as a stabilizer for dissolving the acid in the water.
- the reaction solution in the reaction tank is preferably heated to a temperature in the range of 40 ° C. to 80 ° C. for reaction.
- a temperature in the range of 40 ° C. to 80 ° C. for reaction.
- it is less than 40 degreeC, since the supersaturation degree of a metal will rise and a nucleus generation will be accelerated
- the temperature exceeds 80 ° C. nucleation is suppressed, but it becomes difficult to control the particle growth, so that large particles and small particles are randomly present, which is also not preferable.
- a silver nitrate aqueous solution it is preferable to add a silver nitrate aqueous solution to be added all at once from the viewpoint of realizing a uniform reaction in the solution. If not added all at once, the inside of the solution becomes a heterogeneous system, and nucleation and particle aggregation occur simultaneously. As a result, nonuniform silver particles having a large particle size distribution may be obtained. Therefore, “added all at once” is particularly limited as long as the reaction factor such as the concentration or pH of the reducing agent or the protective agent does not substantially change depending on the addition timing of the aqueous silver nitrate solution. It is not a thing.
- the said hydrazine hydrate should just be a thing which can reduce
- Reducing agents other than hydrazine hydrate specifically hydrazine, borohydride alkali salts (NaBH 4 and the like), lithium aluminum hydride (LiAlH 4 ), ascorbic acid, primary amine, secondary amine, tertiary A secondary amine can also be used in combination.
- the amount of Cu added at this time is 0.5 ppm or more and less than 1000 ppm, more preferably 0.5 ppm or more and less than 500 ppm.
- the step of dispersing the fine particles in a polar solvent after performing the above-described reducing liquid preparation step, silver reaction step, and washing step.
- the dispersion means a state in which fine particles are stably present in a polar solvent, and as a result of standing, a part of the fine particles may be precipitated.
- a dispersant may be added to the dispersion so that the nanoparticles are easily dispersed.
- a composition is obtained in which fine silver particle powder of 100 nm or less is dispersed in a polar solvent together with a dispersant.
- reaction vessel having a shape and a structure capable of obtaining uniform stirring. This is because fine silver particles are obtained by a reduction reaction, but the size of the particles to be obtained is very small, and therefore the local concentration and pH distribution greatly affect the particle size distribution.
- a reducing liquid in which a reducing substance is dissolved
- a liquid II in which a metal salt (particularly a silver salt) as a raw material is dissolved
- the reducing solution is obtained by dissolving the above-described reducing agent in pure water and adding ammonia water as a protective agent and a stabilizer, and mixing until uniform.
- the raw material liquid is obtained by dissolving metal salt crystals in pure water. Note that there is no particular problem even if the order of addition is changed depending on the solubility of the protective agent.
- ⁇ Temperature raising process> After each solution is prepared, the temperature of the solution is raised to a reaction temperature by using a water bath or a heater. At this time, if the reducing liquid and the raw material liquid are heated in the same manner, it is possible to prevent a problem that they cannot be mixed at once due to convection due to a temperature difference. Further, there is an effect of preventing non-uniform reaction caused by a difference in temperature, and it is preferable because the uniformity of particles can be maintained. At this time, the target temperature to be raised (later reaction temperature) is in the range of 40 to 80 ° C.
- ⁇ Washing process> The obtained slurry is subjected to solid-liquid separation by forcibly sedimenting particles using a centrifuge. Centrifugation is performed by treating for 30 minutes at 3000 rpm. After the solid-liquid separation, the supernatant is discarded, pure water is added, and the mixture is dispersed with an ultrasonic disperser for 10 minutes. Excess organic substances adhering to the particles are removed by performing the steps of centrifugation, supernatant disposal, addition of pure water, and ultrasonic dispersion three times.
- the metal particle mass obtained by using the method as described above is a polar solvent such as water, alcohol, polyol, glycol ether, 1-methylpyrrolidinone, pyridine, terpineol, butyl carbitol, butyl carbitol acetate, texanol,
- a dispersion is prepared by adding to a dispersion medium such as phenoxypropanol, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate or the like.
- a substance that promotes a decrease in the sintering temperature and adhesion may have a viscosity adjusting function.
- the additive added at this time can be a water-soluble resin or an aqueous dispersion resin, and specifically, a high acid value resin such as an acrylic resin, a maleic acid resin, a fumaric acid resin, and a styrene / maleic acid copolymer resin.
- Polyester resin polyolefin resin, phenoxy resin, polyimide resin, polyamide resin or vinyl acetate emulsion, acrylic emulsion, synthetic rubber latex, epoxy resin, phenol resin, DAP resin, urethane resin, fluororesin, silicone resin, ethyl cellulose and polyvinyl alcohol
- inorganic binders include silica sol, alumina sol, zirconia sol, and titania sol.
- excessive addition of such resin is not preferable because it results in lowering the purity of the metal. It is preferable to make it an additive to the last.
- acrylic resins include BR-102, BR-105, BR-117, BR-118, BR-1122, MB-3058 (manufactured by Mitsubishi Rayon Co., Ltd.), Alflon UC-3000, Alflon UG-4010, Alflon UG-4070.
- the metal nanoparticles of the present invention are minute, the particles are likely to aggregate. Therefore, it is also preferable to add a dispersant to disperse the particles. Any commercially available general-purpose material may be used as long as it has an affinity for the particle surface and also has an affinity for the dispersion medium. Moreover, you may use together not only a single kind.
- Dispersants having such properties include fatty acid salts (soap), ⁇ -sulfo fatty acid ester salts (MES), alkylbenzene sulfonates (ABS), linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LAS), alkyl sulfates (AS), Low molecular weight anionic (anionic) compounds such as alkyl ether sulfate (AES) and alkyl sulfate triethanol, fatty acid ethanolamide, polyoxyethylene alkyl ether (AE), polyoxyethylene alkyl phenyl ether (APE), sorbitol, Low molecular weight nonionic compounds such as sorbitan, low molecular weight cationic (cationic) compounds such as alkyltrimethylammonium salt, dialkyldimethylammonium chloride, alkylpyridinium chloride, alkylcarboxyl Low molecular amphoteric compounds such as tine, sulfobetaine, lecithin,
- Florene DOPA-15B Florene DOPA-17 (manufactured by Kyoeisha Chemical Co., Ltd.), Solplus AX5, Solplus TX5, Solsperse 9000, Solsperse 12000, Solsperse 17000, Solsperse 20000, Solsperse 21000, Solsperse 24000, Solsperse 26000, Solsperse 27000, Solsperse 28000, Solsperse 32000, Solsperse 35100, Solsperse 54000, Sol Six 250, (manufactured by Nippon Lubrizol Corporation), EFKA4008, EFKA4009, EFKA4010, EFKA4015, EFKA4046, EFKA4047, EFKA4060, EFKA7440E, EFKA7440E , EFKA4400, EFKA4401, EFKA4402, EFKA4403, EFKA4300, EFKA4330, EFKA4340, EFKA6220
- the added dispersant is 5.0% by mass or less, preferably 1.0% by mass or less, and more preferably 0.5% by mass or less based on the whole. If the addition amount is less than 0.1% by mass, the addition effect is not obtained, and the nanoparticles aggregate in the solution, which is not preferable. Note that adding 5.0% by mass or more is not preferable because an unfired portion may remain at the time of joining.
- an appropriate mechanical dispersion treatment can be used when preparing the dispersion. Any known method can be employed under the condition that the mechanical dispersion treatment does not involve significant modification of particles. Specific examples include ultrasonic dispersion, a disper, a three-roll mill, a ball mill, a bead mill, a twin-screw kneader, and a self-revolving stirrer, and these can be used alone or in combination.
- the object to be bonded is not particularly affected by the material, but it is desirable that the material to be able to withstand local pressurization because of the characteristics of the present method.
- a ceramic, a metal plate, etc. can be illustrated, and even if the surface of a ceramic or a metal plate is subjected to various platings, it can be suitably used.
- ⁇ Preheating process> in a pressurized state, the whole is heated to less than 150 ° C, more preferably less than 100 ° C.
- This heating has the purpose of evaporating the solvent of the bonding material. Therefore, it is preferable to heat the entire bonding object to a temperature higher than the boiling point of the solvent used for the bonding material.
- the heating time depends on the heating temperature, it may be 30 seconds to 30 minutes.
- the dispersion solution was dropped on a Cu microgrid with a support film and dried to obtain a TEM sample.
- a transmission electron microscope manufactured by JEOL Ltd .: JEM-100CXMark-II
- image analysis software (A Image-kun (registered trademark) manufactured by Asahi Kasei Engineering Co., Ltd.) was used. This image analysis software identifies individual particles based on color shading. For a 300,000-fold TEM image, the “particle brightness” is “dark”, the “noise removal filter” is “present”, “ Circular particle analysis was performed under the conditions of “20” for the “round threshold” and “50” for the “overlap degree”, and primary particles were measured for 200 or more particles, and the number average diameter was measured. In addition, when there were many condensed particles and irregular shaped particles in the TEM image, it was determined that measurement was impossible.
- Silver nanoparticles commonly used in this example were produced as follows. A 5 L reaction vessel was used as the reaction vessel. In addition, a stirring bar with a blade was installed at the center of the reaction tank for stirring. A thermometer for monitoring the temperature was installed in the reaction tank, and a nozzle was provided so that nitrogen could be supplied to the solution from the bottom.
- hexanoic acid manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.
- a protective agent corresponding to a molar ratio of 1.98 with respect to silver
- 23.9 g (corresponding to 4.82 equivalents of silver) of a 50% by mass hydrazine hydrate (manufactured by Otsuka Chemical Co., Ltd.) aqueous solution as a reducing agent was added to obtain a reducing agent solution.
- an aqueous silver nitrate solution prepared by dissolving 33.8 g of silver nitrate crystals (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) in 180 g of water was prepared, and this was used as an aqueous silver salt solution.
- the addition of this copper nitrate trihydrate produces a highly concentrated copper nitrate trihydrate aqueous solution and dilutes the diluted solution. Copper was added so as to enter the target addition amount. Further, the temperature of the silver salt aqueous solution was adjusted to 60 ° C., the same as the reducing agent solution in the reaction vessel.
- the silver salt aqueous solution was added to the reducing agent solution at once and mixed to start the reduction reaction.
- Stirring was performed continuously and aged for 10 minutes in that state. Thereafter, the stirring was stopped, solid-liquid separation by suction filtration, washing with pure water, and drying at 40 ° C. for 12 hours to obtain fine silver particle powder.
- the silver ratio in the powder at this time was calculated as 97% by mass from the confirmation test of the remaining amount by heating.
- the balance is considered to consist of hexanoic acid or its derivative.
- hexanoic acid not only hexanoic acid but also sorbic acid was used as the protective agent.
- the protective agent was changed to hexanoic acid, and the same as in the case of hexanoic acid except that 44.78 g of sorbic acid (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) was used.
- sorbic acid manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.
- Example 1 Obtained hexanoic acid-coated silver particle powder (average particle size: 13.9 nm, X-ray crystallite size (X-ray diffractometer manufactured by Rigaku Co., Ltd .: RINT-2100, observed with Co-K ⁇ characteristic X-rays using a Co tube) 80 g of diffracted from the diffraction line of the Ag (111) plane using the Scherrer formula: 9.6 nm), 15 g of terpineol (mixed structural isomers / manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.), DisperBYK (wet dispersant) 5 g of registered trademark) -2020 (manufactured by Big Chemie Japan Co., Ltd.) was mixed to prepare a bonding material, and the obtained bonding material was applied onto a glass substrate by a printing method. The metal squeegee was manually performed.
- X-ray crystallite size X-ray diffractometer manufactured by Rigaku Co., Ltd .:
- a TG chart of the particles is shown in FIG.
- a differential thermal thermogravimetric simultaneous measuring device EXSTAR TG / DTA6300 manufactured by SII Nano Technology Co., Ltd. was used as a measuring device. Measurement conditions are such that the temperature rise rate is 10 ° C./min in the atmosphere.
- the horizontal axis is temperature
- the left vertical axis is a weight change curve (TG curve)
- the right vertical axis is a differential heat curve (DTA curve).
- the sintering point was the value of the peak of the DTA curve when the TG curve was lowered. Accordingly, the sintering point of the particles was 171 ° C.
- heating was performed at 100 ° C. for 10 minutes in an air atmosphere as a preheating step. From 100 ° C. to the main baking temperature (350 ° C.), the temperature was increased at a rate of 3.0 ° C./s, and when the temperature reached 350 ° C., the main baking step was performed for 5 minutes. In the case of the present Example, what showed the metallic luster without baking unevenness was obtained for the joining layer.
- the joining test of the oxygen-free copper substrate and the copper chip was performed with the obtained joining material.
- the bonding material of the present invention is applied to the lower part of the metal piece and placed on the copper substrate. Then, the joined body was formed through the above-mentioned crimping process. The obtained joined body was evaluated by a die shear test method. Table 1 shows the obtained bonding strength.
- Example 2 A joining material was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the hexanoic acid-coated silver particle powder, terpineol, and the amount of the dispersant were 90: 8.6: 1.4 by mass ratio. Thereafter, the bonding strength was measured under the same conditions as in Example 1. The obtained results are also shown in Table 1.
- Example 3 A joining material was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the hexanoic acid-coated silver particle powder, terpineol, and the amount of the dispersant were changed to 80: 18.6: 1.4 by mass ratio. Thereafter, the bonding strength was measured under the same conditions as in Example 1. The obtained results are also shown in Table 1.
- Example 4 Instead of hexanoic acid-coated silver particle powder, sorbic acid-coated silver particle powder (average particle diameter: 35.7 nm, X-ray crystallite diameter / Ag (111): 30.2 nm) (Note that the TG chart of the particles is shown in the figure. The sintering point of the particles was assumed to be 194 ° C.).
- a bonding material was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the sorbic acid-coated silver particle powder, terpineol, and the amount of the dispersant were 90: 8.6: 1.4 in terms of mass ratio. Thereafter, the bonding strength was measured under the same conditions as in Example 1. The obtained results are also shown in Table 1. In addition, it was confirmed that the bonding material is glossy and has excellent malleability.
- Example 5 A joining material was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the sorbic acid-coated silver particle powder, terpineol, and the amount of the dispersant were 90: 9.3: 0.7 by mass ratio. Thereafter, the bonding strength was measured under the same conditions as in Example 1. The obtained results are also shown in Table 1.
- Example 6 Hexanoic acid-coated silver particle powder, sorbic acid-coated silver particle powder, terpineol, and a silver nanoparticle bonding material having a dispersant amount of 45: 45: 8.6: 1.4 were prepared. It was created. Thereafter, the bonding strength was measured under the same conditions as in Example 1. The obtained results are also shown in Table 1.
- spherical silver powder (silver microparticles) with an average particle diameter of 0.60 ⁇ m was used to produce a bonding material with spherical silver powder, terpineol, and dispersant in a ratio of 90: 8.6: 1.4. did. Thereafter, the bonding strength was measured under the same conditions as in Example 1. The obtained results are also shown in Table 1.
- the bonding strength by the solders of Comparative Examples 2 and 3 is considered as one standard.
- the joint strengths of lead solder and lead-free solder were 36.7 MPa and 40.0 MPa, respectively.
- the comparative example 1 is the joining material produced with the silver microparticle, joining strength was very weak with 2.8 Mpa.
- the material is the same silver, microparticles become a bulk material at a firing temperature of 350 ° C., but it cannot be said that the bonding strength at the bonding interface is sufficient.
- Example 1 in Examples, except for Example 1 (32.7 MPa), it was possible to obtain higher adhesive strength than the solder used as a comparison target.
- Example 5 using a paste in which silver nanoparticle surfaces were coated with sorbic acid, which is an unsaturated fatty acid, a high bonding strength of 49.7 MPa could be obtained.
- Example 6 in which the sorbic acid-coated particle powder and the hexanoic acid-coated particle powder were mixed by half was able to obtain an even higher bonding strength of 50.4 MPa.
- FIG. 2 shows a graph plotting the relationship between the mass% of the dispersant (DisperBYK-2020) and the bonding strength.
- the vertical axis represents the bonding strength (MPa), and the horizontal axis represents the amount of dispersant added (mass%).
- Examples 1 to 6 are indicated by black circles, and Comparative Example 1 is indicated by white circles.
- a hatched zone from about 37 MPa to 40 MPa indicates the bonding strength of the solder. It was confirmed that the black circles showing the examples of the present application show that the bonding strength decreases as the amount of the dispersant added increases. Assuming from the tendency, it is presumed that when the added amount of the dispersing agent is 3% by mass or more, it becomes less than the bonding strength of the solder. Therefore, in Example 1 which is the bonding material of the present invention, it was considered that the bonding strength was relatively small because the additive amount of the dispersant was as large as 5.0% by mass.
- a bonding material was applied to the bonding surfaces of the objects to be bonded, and heated while being pressurized.
- bubbles formed by decomposition of organic substances and the like can be expelled when the fired metal nanoparticles are melted. Since it is good, the bonding material is applied to the bonding surfaces of the objects to be bonded, and the bonding surfaces are dried or pre-heated at a temperature equal to or lower than the firing temperature without matching the bonding surfaces. You may employ
- the junction according to the present invention is applied to a non-insulated semiconductor device, application to a bare chip mounting assembly technology, a power device (rectifier diode, power transistor, power MOSFET, insulated gate bipolar transistor, thyristor, gate turn-off silis, triac joining process) It can also be used as a bonding material on glass whose surface is chrome-treated, and can also be used as a bonding material for electrodes and frames of lighting devices using LEDs.
- a power device rectififier diode, power transistor, power MOSFET, insulated gate bipolar transistor, thyristor, gate turn-off silis, triac joining process
Abstract
Description
接着対象物を前記接着面に圧接しながら、金属ナノ粒子の焼結温度以下で加熱する第1の加熱工程と、
加熱温度を200℃以上350℃以下に加熱する第2の加熱工程を有する接合方法を提供する。ただし、このとき接合材は被接合物、接合物のいずれか、もしくはそれら両方に塗布されてもかまわない。
前記接合面と被接合面を前記金属ナノ粒子の焼結温度以下で乾燥する工程と、
前記接合面および被接合面を突き合わせ、加圧しながら200℃以上350℃以下に加熱する加熱工程を有する接合方法である。
本発明に用いる微小銀粒子含有組成物は、炭素数6~8のカルボン酸、もしくはその誘導体と結合した銀ナノ粒子からなる。このような構成により、乾燥時や極性溶媒への分散時に当該組成物中の微小銀粒子が凝集せずに安定して存在することができる。
本工程では、液を二種用意する。一方は還元性を有する物質を溶解させた液I(後には還元液と称する)であり、もう一方は原料である金属塩(特に銀塩)が溶解された液II(後には原料液と称する)である。還元液は、上述の還元剤を純水に溶解させるとともに、保護剤および安定化剤のアンモニア水をそれぞれ添加し、均一になるまで混合することによって得る。また、原料液は金属塩の結晶を純水に溶解させることによって得られる。なお、保護剤の溶解性等に応じて、添加順を前後させても特段問題にはならない。
液をおのおの準備した後に、ウオーターバスもしくはヒーターを用いて液を昇温し、反応温度まで上昇させる。このとき、還元液と原料液は同様に加熱しておけば、温度差による対流によって一挙に混合できなくなるという問題を防止できる。また温度の違いによって生じる、反応の不均一が防止される効果もあり、粒子の均一性を保つことができるので好ましい。このときに昇温させる目的の温度(後の反応温度)は、40~80℃の範囲である。
液がともに目的温度まで上昇すれば、還元液に対して原料液を添加する。添加は突沸に注意した上で、一挙に行うことが反応の均一性の面から好ましい。
反応液を混合した後、10~30分程度攪拌を続け、粒子の成長を完結させる。このときの反応は、サンプリングした反応液に対し、ヒドラジンを滴下することにより、未還元銀の反応が生じるかどうか確認することによって、終点を判断する。
得られたスラリーは遠心分離機を用いて粒子を強制的に沈降させ固液分離を行なう。遠心分離は回転数3000rpmで30分間の処理をすることにより行なう。固液分離後上澄みを廃棄し、純水を加え、超音波分散機で10分間分散する。遠心分離、上澄み廃棄、純水添加、超音波分散という工程を3回行うことで、粒子に付着している余分な有機物質の除去を行う。
得られた金属塊(銀塊)を、60℃で12時間、大気中で乾燥することで、乾燥した金属粒子塊が得られる。
上述のような方法を用いて得られた金属粒子塊を、極性溶媒である、水、アルコール、ポリオール、グリコールエーテル、1-メチルピロリジノン、ピリジン、ターピネオール、ブチルカルビトール、ブチルカルビトールアセテート、テキサノール、フェノキシプロパノール、ジエチレングリコールモノブチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールモノブチルエーテルアセテート等の分散媒へ添加することで分散液を作成する。
上記の工程を経て得られた接合材を接着面に塗布し、上下から加圧しつつ加温して、金属接着面の接合材を金属化する。加圧圧力は接合する物質が破壊されない限りにおいて高とするのがよい。
次に加圧した状態で、全体を150℃未満、より好ましくは100℃未満に加熱する。この加熱は接合材の溶媒を蒸発させる目的がある。従って、接着対象物全体を接合材に用いた溶媒の沸点より高い温度に加熱することが好ましい。加熱時間は加熱温度にもよるが、30秒~30分でよい。
上記の工程を経て得られた接合材を接着面に塗布し、試験片をマウントした後、0.5Nで加圧した後、100℃で10分間乾燥した後に上下から10Nで加圧しつつ350℃で5分間加温して、金属接着面の接合材を金属化した。
接合の強度は、JISZ-03918-5:2003の「鉛フリーはんだ試験方法 第5部はんだ継ぎ手の引張およびせん断試験方法」に記載のある方法に準じて行った。すなわち、ダイボンディングされた被接合体を水平方向に押し、押される力に耐えかねて接合面が破断するときの力を算出する方法である。試験片は2mm□の銅チップを用いて行った。本実施例ではDAGE社製ボンドテスタを使用して試験を行っている。シェア高さは200μm、試験速度は5mm/min、測定は室温で行っている。
洗浄後のナノ粒子2質量部をシクロヘキサン96質量部とオレイン酸2質量部との混合溶液に添加し、超音波によって分散させた。分散溶液を支持膜付きCuマイクログリッドに滴下し、乾燥させることでTEM試料とした。作成したマイクログリッドを透過型電子顕微鏡(日本電子株式会社製:JEM-100CXMark-II型)を使用し、100kVの加速電圧で、明視野で粒子を観察した像を、倍率300,000倍で撮影した。
本実施例に共通して利用する銀ナノ粒子を次のようにして作製した。反応槽に5L反応槽を使用した。また、攪拌のために羽根のついた攪拌棒を反応槽中心に設置した。反応槽には温度をモニターするための温度計を設置し、また溶液に下部より窒素を供給できるようにノズルを配設した。
得られたヘキサン酸被覆銀粒子粉末(平均粒子径:13.9nm、X線結晶子径(株式会社Rigaku製X線回折装置:RINT-2100、Co管球によりCo-Kαの特性X線により観察し、Ag(111)面の回折線からシェラーの式を利用して算出:9.6nm)80gを、テルピネオール(構造異性体混合/和光純薬工業株式会社製)15g、湿潤分散剤としてDisperBYK(登録商標)-2020(ビックケミー・ジャパン株式会社製)5gを混合し、接合材を作成した。得られた接合材を印刷法によりガラス基板上に塗布した。このときの条件はメタルマスク(マスク厚50μmt)とし、メタルスキージは手動にて実施した。
ヘキサン酸覆銀粒子粉末、テルピネオール、分散剤量を質量割合で90:8.6:1.4にした他は実施例1と同様として接合材を作成した。その後、実施例1と同様の条件にて接合強度を測定した。得られた結果を表1にあわせて示す。
ヘキサン酸覆銀粒子粉末、テルピネオール、分散剤量を質量割合で80:18.6:1.4にした他は実施例1と同様として接合材を作成した。その後、実施例1と同様の条件にて接合強度を測定した。得られた結果を表1にあわせて示す。
ヘキサン酸被覆銀粒子粉末に変えて、ソルビン酸被覆銀粒子粉末(平均粒子径:35.7nm、X線結晶子径/Ag(111):30.2nm)(なお、当該粒子のTGチャートを図4に示す。これより当該粒子の焼結点は194℃であるとした。)を使用した。ソルビン酸覆銀粒子粉末、テルピネオール、分散剤量を質量割合で90:8.6:1.4にした他は実施例1と同様として接合材を作成した。その後、実施例1と同様の条件にて接合強度を測定した。得られた結果を表1にあわせて示す。なお、当該接合材は光沢があり、展性に優れた接合材であることが確認された。
ソルビン酸覆銀粒子粉末、テルピネオール、分散剤量を質量割合で90:9.3:0.7にした他は実施例1と同様として接合材を作成した。その後、実施例1と同様の条件にて接合強度を測定した。得られた結果を表1にあわせて示す。
ヘキサン酸被覆銀粒子粉末、ソルビン酸被覆銀粒子粉末、テルピネオール、分散剤量を45:45:8.6:1.4とした銀ナノ粒子接合材を作成し、実施例1と同様として接合材を作成した。その後、実施例1と同様の条件にて接合強度を測定した。得られた結果を表1にあわせて示す。
金属ナノ粒子粉末に変えて、平均粒子径0.60μmの球状銀粉(銀マイクロ粒子)を用い、球状銀粉、テルピネオール、分散剤を90:8.6:1.4の比率とした接合材を作製した。その後、実施例1と同様の条件にて接合強度を測定した。得られた結果を表1にあわせて示す。
接合対象物の接合を市販の高温鉛はんだペースト(日本スペリア株式会社製のSN515 RMA A M Q M-293T)で行った。接合方法は、実施例の場合と同様である。予備加熱は150℃で2分間行い、焼成工程での温度は350℃で40秒間行った。得られた結果を表1にあわせて示す。
接合対象物の接合を市販の鉛フリーはんだペースト(千住金属工業株式会社製のM705-K2-V)で行った。接合方法は、実施例の場合と同様である。予備加熱は150℃で2分間行い、焼成工程での温度は250℃で40秒間行った。得られた結果を表1にあわせて示す。
Claims (8)
- 平均粒径100nm以下で表面に炭素数6~8の有機物が被覆した金属ナノ粒子と、
前記金属ナノ粒子による粉末に対して5~20質量%の極性溶媒とからなる接合材。 - さらに分散剤が添加される、請求項1に記載された接合材。
- 前記金属ナノ粒子は異なる有機物で被覆された少なくとも2種類以上の金属ナノ粒子が混合されたものである、請求項1又は2のいずれかの請求項に記載された接合材。
- 前記有機物の1つは不飽和脂肪酸である請求項1~3のいずれかの請求項に記載された接合材。
- 平均粒径100nm以下であり、表面に炭素数が6~8の有機物が被覆された金属ナノ粒子を極性溶媒中に分散した接合材を接着面もしくは被接着面、あるいはその双方に塗布する工程と、
接着対象物を前記接着面に圧接しながら、金属ナノ粒子の焼結温度以下に加熱する第1の加熱工程と、
加熱温度を200℃以上350℃以下に加熱する第2の加熱工程を有する接合方法。 - 平均粒径100nm以下であり、表面に炭素数が6~8の有機物が被覆された金属ナノ粒子を極性溶媒中に分散した接合材を接着面および被接着面に塗布する工程と、
前記接合面と被接合面を前記金属ナノ粒子の焼結温度以下で乾燥する工程と、
前記接合面および被接合面を突き合わせ、加圧しながら
200℃以上350℃以下に加熱する加熱工程を有する接合方法。 - 前記第1の加熱工程の保持時間が30秒以上30分以下であり、
前記第2の加熱工程の保持時間が30秒以上60分以下である請求項5または6に記載された接合方法。 - 前記金属ナノ粒子は銀ナノ粒子である請求項5~7の何れかに記載された接合方法。
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CN102470490A (zh) | 2012-05-23 |
KR20120039698A (ko) | 2012-04-25 |
CN102470490B (zh) | 2015-08-05 |
US20120103515A1 (en) | 2012-05-03 |
JP5651113B2 (ja) | 2015-01-07 |
KR101623449B1 (ko) | 2016-05-23 |
US8858700B2 (en) | 2014-10-14 |
JPWO2011007402A1 (ja) | 2012-12-20 |
EP2455179A4 (en) | 2017-05-10 |
EP2455179B1 (en) | 2021-04-14 |
EP2455179A1 (en) | 2012-05-23 |
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