WO2011004759A1 - 液晶性コーティング液および偏光膜 - Google Patents
液晶性コーティング液および偏光膜 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011004759A1 WO2011004759A1 PCT/JP2010/061241 JP2010061241W WO2011004759A1 WO 2011004759 A1 WO2011004759 A1 WO 2011004759A1 JP 2010061241 W JP2010061241 W JP 2010061241W WO 2011004759 A1 WO2011004759 A1 WO 2011004759A1
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- liquid crystalline
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- 0 CC(C1C(N)=C2)(C(N=Nc(cc(C)cc3)c3O)=C(*)C=C1C=C2S(O)(=O)=O)O Chemical compound CC(C1C(N)=C2)(C(N=Nc(cc(C)cc3)c3O)=C(*)C=C1C=C2S(O)(=O)=O)O 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
- C09K19/52—Liquid crystal materials characterised by components which are not liquid crystals, e.g. additives with special physical aspect: solvents, solid particles
- C09K19/60—Pleochroic dyes
- C09K19/601—Azoic
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
- C09K19/52—Liquid crystal materials characterised by components which are not liquid crystals, e.g. additives with special physical aspect: solvents, solid particles
- C09K19/60—Pleochroic dyes
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
- G02B5/3016—Polarising elements involving passive liquid crystal elements
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2323/00—Functional layers of liquid crystal optical display excluding electroactive liquid crystal layer characterised by chemical composition
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2323/00—Functional layers of liquid crystal optical display excluding electroactive liquid crystal layer characterised by chemical composition
- C09K2323/03—Viewing layer characterised by chemical composition
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a liquid crystalline coating solution suitable for producing a polarizing film, and a polarizing film produced from the liquid crystalline coating solution.
- a liquid crystalline coating liquid 30 containing a lyotropic liquid crystalline low molecular compound 33 that forms a columnar aggregate 32 in a solvent 31 is known.
- a liquid crystalline coating liquid 30 containing a lyotropic liquid crystalline low molecular compound 33 that forms a columnar aggregate 32 in a solvent 31 is known.
- the above-mentioned lyotropic liquid crystalline low molecular compound 33 forms a columnar aggregate 32 in the solvent 31. Therefore, for example, when a shearing stress is applied to the liquid crystalline coating solution 30 and cast onto the substrate, the major axis direction (alignment direction 32 a) of the columnar aggregate 32 is aligned in the casting direction 34. Thereby, a polarizing film can be produced using the liquid crystalline coating solution 30.
- this invention provides the liquid crystalline coating liquid from which a polarizing film with a high dichroic ratio is obtained.
- the gist of the present invention is as follows.
- the liquid crystalline coating liquid of the present invention contains a first lyotropic liquid crystalline low molecular weight compound, a second lyotropic liquid crystalline low molecular weight compound, and a solvent.
- the first lyotropic liquid crystalline low molecular weight compound and the second lyotropic liquid crystalline low molecular weight compound are stacked to form a columnar composite aggregate.
- the second lyotropic liquid crystalline low molecular weight compound is smaller in number of moles than the first lyotropic liquid crystalline low molecular weight compound.
- the molecular size of the second lyotropic liquid crystalline low molecular weight compound is smaller than the molecular size of the first lyotropic liquid crystalline low molecular weight compound.
- the method for measuring the molecular size is described in the section [Measurement Method].
- the first lyotropic liquid crystalline low molecular weight compound has a molecular size of 2 nm to 4 nm.
- the molecular size of the second lyotropic liquid crystalline low molecular weight compound is 1 nm or more and less than 4 nm.
- the molecular size of the first lyotropic liquid crystalline low molecular compound M 1 when the molecular size of the second lyotropic liquid crystalline low molecular compound was M 2, M 2 / M 1 is 0.5 or more and less than 1.
- the first lyotropic liquid crystalline low molecular weight compound is an aromatic disazo compound.
- the aromatic disazo compound is represented by the general formula (1).
- R represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, an acetyl group, a benzoyl group, or an optionally substituted phenyl group.
- M represents a counter ion.
- the second lyotropic liquid crystalline low molecular weight compound is an aromatic monoazo compound.
- the aromatic monoazo compound is represented by the structural formula (3).
- the polarizing film of the present invention is obtained by casting the above liquid crystalline coating liquid into a thin film.
- a polarizing film having a high dichroic ratio can be obtained by using a liquid crystalline coating liquid in which a small amount of the second lyotropic liquid crystalline low molecular weight compound is mixed with the first lyotropic liquid crystalline low molecular weight compound in a solvent. Small amount means that the number of moles is small.
- a polarizing film having a high dichroic ratio can be obtained by using a liquid crystalline coating solution in which a small amount of the second lyotropic liquid crystalline low molecular weight compound is mixed with the first lyotropic liquid crystalline low molecular weight compound. .
- the liquid crystal coating liquid 10 of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
- the first lyotropic liquid crystalline low molecular weight compound 11 forms a columnar aggregate 13 in the solvent 12.
- first lyotropic liquid crystalline low molecular weight compound 11 and the second lyotropic liquid crystalline low molecular weight compound 14 are mixed, a large number of first lyotropic liquid crystalline low molecular weight compounds 11 and a small number of second lyotropic liquid crystalline low molecular weight compounds 14 are mixed.
- the molecular compounds 14 are stacked to form a relatively short columnar composite aggregate 15.
- the molecular size of the second lyotropic liquid crystalline low molecular compound 14 is smaller than the molecular size of the first lyotropic liquid crystalline low molecular compound 11.
- the columnar composite aggregate 15 is oriented in the casting direction 16. At this time, the variation in the alignment direction 15a is smaller than that of the conventional columnar aggregate 32. As a result, the obtained polarizing film has a high dichroic ratio.
- the amount of the second lyotropic liquid crystalline low molecular weight compound 14 is too large, the length of the columnar composite aggregate 15 becomes too short, and the liquid crystallinity may not be expressed in the coating liquid.
- the second lyotropic liquid crystalline low molecular weight compound 14 needs to be in a smaller amount (meaning less number of moles) than the first lyotropic liquid crystalline low molecular weight compound 11. Further, the molecular size of the second lyotropic liquid crystalline low molecular compound 14 needs to be smaller than the molecular size of the first lyotropic liquid crystalline low molecular compound 11.
- a polarizing film having a high dichroic ratio can be obtained by using the liquid crystalline coating solution 10 obtained by mixing a small amount of the second lyotropic liquid crystalline low molecular weight compound 14 with the first lyotropic liquid crystalline low molecular weight compound 11 in the solvent 12. .
- the liquid crystalline coating solution 10 of the present invention comprises a first lyotropic liquid crystalline low molecular compound 11, a smaller amount of the second lyotropic liquid crystalline low molecular compound 14 than the first lyotropic liquid crystalline low molecular compound 11, and a solvent 12. Including.
- the first lyotropic liquid crystalline low molecular compound 11 forms a column-like aggregate 13 in the solvent 12 when the second lyotropic liquid crystalline low molecular compound 14 is not mixed.
- the columnar composite aggregate 15 is considered to be formed by stacking a large number of first lyotropic liquid crystalline low molecular compounds 11 and a small number of second lyotropic liquid crystalline low molecular compounds 14.
- the molecular size of the second lyotropic liquid crystalline low molecular compound 14 is smaller than the molecular size of the first lyotropic liquid crystalline low molecular compound 11.
- the length t 1 of the columnar composite aggregate 15 determined by X-ray diffraction is shorter than the length t 2 (eg, 10 nm) of the columnar aggregate 32 formed only of the first lyotropic liquid crystalline low molecular compound 33.
- the thickness is preferably 5 nm to 9 nm.
- the coating liquid may not exhibit liquid crystallinity.
- the length t 1 of the columnar composite aggregate 15 exceeds 10 nm, the variation in the orientation direction becomes large, and the dichroic ratio of the polarizing film may be lowered.
- the liquid crystalline coating solution 10 of the present invention may contain an additive.
- the additive is, for example, a surfactant or an antioxidant.
- the content of the additive is preferably 5% by weight or less of the total weight of the liquid crystal coating liquid 10.
- the total solid content concentration of the liquid crystalline coating liquid 10 of the present invention is preferably 0.5% by weight to 50% by weight.
- the liquid crystalline coating liquid 10 of the present invention preferably exhibits a liquid crystal phase in at least a part of the above concentration range.
- the liquid crystal phase exhibited by the liquid crystalline coating solution 10 of the present invention is not particularly limited, and includes a nematic liquid crystal phase and a hexagonal liquid crystal phase. Such a liquid crystal phase can be confirmed by an optical pattern observed with a polarizing microscope.
- the first lyotropic liquid crystalline low molecular weight compound 11 used in the present invention alone forms a column-like aggregate 13 by stacking molecules in the solvent 12.
- the molecular weight of the first lyotropic liquid crystalline low molecular weight compound 11 is preferably 700 to 750 as a free acid state.
- the molecular size of the first lyotropic liquid crystalline low molecular weight compound 11 is preferably 2 nm to 4 nm, and more preferably 2 nm to 3 nm.
- Examples of the first lyotropic liquid crystalline low molecular weight compound 11 that satisfies the above characteristics include aromatic disazo compounds.
- aromatic disazo compounds Such an aromatic disazo compound is preferably represented by the general formula (1).
- the aromatic disazo compound represented by the general formula (1) exhibits stable liquid crystallinity in a solvent and has excellent orientation.
- R represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, an acetyl group, a benzoyl group, or an optionally substituted phenyl group.
- M represents a counter ion, preferably a hydrogen atom, an alkali metal atom, or an alkaline earth metal atom.
- X represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a nitro group, a cyano group, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or an —SO 3 M group.
- the aromatic disazo compound represented by the general formula (1) is prepared by, for example, diazotizing and coupling an aniline derivative and a naphthalenesulfonic acid derivative to form a monoazo compound, followed by further diazotization to obtain an aminonaphthol disulfonic acid derivative. And can be obtained by a coupling reaction.
- the second lyotropic liquid crystalline low molecular weight compound 14 used in the present invention has a molecular size smaller than that of the first lyotropic liquid crystalline low molecular weight compound 11.
- the molecular size of the second lyotropic liquid crystalline low molecular weight compound 14 is preferably 1 nm or more and less than 4 nm, and more preferably 1.5 nm to 1.8 nm.
- the second lyotropic liquid crystalline low-molecular compound 14 When the molecular size of the second lyotropic liquid crystalline low-molecular compound 14 is less than 1 nm, the second lyotropic liquid crystalline low-molecular compound 14 itself loses liquid crystallinity, and the columnar shape of the first lyotropic liquid crystalline low-molecular compound 11 is lost. There is a possibility that it is difficult to bind to the aggregate 13.
- the orientation of the columnar composite aggregate 15 of the first lyotropic liquid crystalline low molecular compound 11 may be disturbed.
- M 2 / M 1 is 0.5 or more and less than 1. Preferably, it is preferably 0.6 to 0.9. When the ratio of the molecular sizes is such, there is little variation in the orientation direction of the columnar composite aggregate 15.
- the molecular weight of the second lyotropic liquid crystalline low-molecular compound 14 is preferably 300 to 500 as a free acid state.
- Examples of the second lyotropic liquid crystalline low molecular weight compound 14 that satisfies the above characteristics include aromatic monoazo compounds.
- aromatic monoazo compounds include Acid Yellow 23 (edible yellow No. 4) or a derivative thereof, or Sunset Yellow FCF or a derivative thereof.
- the content of the second lyotropic liquid crystalline low molecular compound 14 is less than the content of the first lyotropic liquid crystalline low molecular compound 11.
- the content of the second lyotropic liquid crystalline low molecular compound 14 is preferably 1 mol to 30 mol with respect to 100 mol of the first lyotropic liquid crystalline low molecular compound 11.
- the solvent 12 used in the present invention dissolves the first lyotropic liquid crystalline low molecular compound 11 and the second lyotropic liquid crystalline low molecular compound 14.
- the solvent 12 is preferably a hydrophilic solvent.
- Preferred hydrophilic solvents include water, alcohols, cellosolves, and mixed solvents thereof.
- the polarizing film obtained by casting the liquid crystalline coating liquid 10 of the present invention preferably exhibits absorption dichroism in at least one wavelength in the visible light region (wavelength 380 nm to 800 nm).
- the dichroic ratio of the polarizing film obtained from the liquid crystalline coating solution 10 of the present invention is preferably 40 or more.
- the thickness of the polarizing film obtained by casting the liquid crystalline coating solution 10 of the present invention is preferably 0.1 ⁇ m to 5 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.1 ⁇ m to 3 ⁇ m.
- the obtained monoazo compound is similarly diazotized by a conventional method, and is further subjected to a coupling reaction with 1-amino-8-naphthol-2,4-disulfonic acid lithium salt to contain an aromatic disazo compound of the structural formula (2).
- a crude product was obtained. This was salted out with lithium chloride to obtain an aromatic disazo compound of the structural formula (2) (hereinafter referred to as compound (2)).
- Compound (2) was dissolved in ion-exchanged water to prepare a 20% by weight aqueous solution.
- a aqueous solution was collected with a polyethylene dropper and sandwiched between two glass slides and observed with a polarizing microscope at room temperature (23 ° C.), a nematic liquid crystal phase was observed.
- Compound (4) was dissolved in ion-exchanged water to prepare a 30% by weight aqueous solution. This aqueous solution was collected with a polyethylene dropper, sandwiched between two glass slides and observed with a polarizing microscope at room temperature (23 ° C.), and a nematic liquid crystal phase was observed.
- Compound (5) was dissolved in ion-exchanged water to prepare a 30% by weight aqueous solution. This aqueous solution was collected with a polyethylene dropper, sandwiched between two glass slides and observed with a polarizing microscope at room temperature (23 ° C.), and a nematic liquid crystal phase was observed.
- Compound (6) was dissolved in ion-exchanged water to prepare a 30% by weight aqueous solution. This aqueous solution was collected with a polyethylene dropper, sandwiched between two glass slides and observed with a polarizing microscope at room temperature (23 ° C.), and a nematic liquid crystal phase was observed.
- Compound (7) was dissolved in ion-exchanged water to prepare a 15% by weight aqueous solution. This aqueous solution was collected with a polyethylene dropper, sandwiched between two glass slides and observed with a polarizing microscope at room temperature (23 ° C.), and a nematic liquid crystal phase was observed.
- Example 1 Compound (2) (molecular size 2.16 nm) was dissolved in ion-exchanged water to prepare an aqueous solution having a concentration of 1% by weight.
- the compound (2) corresponds to the first lyotropic liquid crystalline low molecular weight compound.
- Compound (3) (molecular size 1.73 nm) was dissolved in ion-exchanged water to prepare an aqueous solution having a concentration of 1% by weight.
- Compound (3) corresponds to the second lyotropic liquid crystalline low molecular weight compound.
- aqueous solution was prepared so that the total solid concentration in the aqueous solution was 20% by weight.
- This aqueous solution was collected with a polyethylene dropper, sandwiched between two glass slides and observed with a polarizing microscope at room temperature (23 ° C.), and a nematic liquid crystal phase was confirmed.
- the aqueous solution was diluted with ion-exchanged water to prepare a 5% by weight coating solution.
- This coating solution was applied onto a norbornene polymer film (Zeonor manufactured by Nippon Zeon Co., Ltd.) subjected to rubbing treatment and corona treatment using a bar coater (Mayerrot HS5 manufactured by BUSCHMAN). This was naturally dried in a thermostatic chamber at 23 ° C. to produce a polarizing film.
- Table 1 shows the optical characteristics of the obtained polarizing film.
- Example 2 The mixing ratio (molar ratio) of the compound (2) and the compound (3) in Example 1 was 90:10. A polarizing film was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except for this. Table 1 shows the optical characteristics of the obtained polarizing film.
- Example 3 The compound (3) in Example 1 was changed to the compound (4), and the mixing ratio (molar ratio) was set to 85:15. Other than that was carried out similarly to Example 1, and produced the polarizing film. Table 1 shows the optical characteristics of the obtained polarizing film.
- Example 4 The compound (3) in Example 1 was replaced with the compound (5), and the mixing ratio (molar ratio) was 95: 5. Otherwise, an aqueous solution was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 so that the total solid concentration in the aqueous solution was 20% by weight, and a nematic liquid crystal phase was confirmed. This aqueous solution was diluted to 8% by weight with ion exchange water to prepare a coating solution. Further, Mayrrot HS4 manufactured by BUSCHMAN was used as a bar coater. A polarizing film was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except for these. Table 1 shows the optical characteristics of the obtained polarizing film.
- Example 5 The compound (3) in Example 1 was replaced with the compound (6), and the mixing ratio (molar ratio) was 96: 4. Otherwise, an aqueous solution was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 so that the total solid concentration in the aqueous solution was 20% by weight, and a nematic liquid crystal phase was confirmed. This aqueous solution was diluted to 8% by weight with ion exchange water to prepare a coating solution. Further, Mayrrot HS4 manufactured by BUSCHMAN was used as a bar coater. A polarizing film was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except for these. Table 1 shows the optical characteristics of the obtained polarizing film.
- Example 6 The compound (3) in Example 1 was changed to the compound (7), and the mixing ratio (molar ratio) was set to 97: 3. Otherwise, the same method as in Example 1 was used to prepare an aqueous solution so that the total solid concentration in the aqueous solution was 20% by weight, and a nematic liquid crystal phase was confirmed. This aqueous solution was diluted to 8% by weight with ion exchange water to prepare a coating solution. Further, Mayrrot HS3 manufactured by BUSCHMAN was used as a bar coater. A polarizing film was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except for these. Table 1 shows the optical characteristics of the obtained polarizing film.
- Compound (8) was dissolved in ion-exchanged water to prepare a 15% by weight aqueous solution.
- a aqueous solution was collected with a polyethylene dropper and sandwiched between two glass slides and observed with a polarizing microscope at room temperature (23 ° C.), a nematic liquid crystal phase was observed.
- Example 1 A polarizing film was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the compound (3) in Example 1 was not mixed. Table 1 shows the optical characteristics of the obtained polarizing film.
- Example 2 instead of compound (3) in Example 1, compound (4) (molecular size 2.41 nm) was used. The mixing ratio (molar ratio) of the compound (2) and the compound (4) was 98: 2. Except for these, a polarizing film was produced in the same manner as in Example 1. Table 1 shows the optical characteristics of the obtained polarizing film.
- Comparative Example 3 The mixing ratio (molar ratio) of the compound (2) and the compound (4) in Comparative Example 2 was 90:10. Except for this, a polarizing film was produced in the same manner as in Example 1. Table 1 shows the optical characteristics of the obtained polarizing film.
- Liquid crystal phase A small amount of the coating liquid was sandwiched between two slide glasses, and the liquid crystal phase was observed using a polarizing microscope (OPTIPHOT-POL, manufactured by Olympus) equipped with a large sample heating / cooling stage for microscope (10013L, manufactured by Japan Hightech).
- OPTIPHOT-POL polarizing microscope
- k 1 and k 2 were measured using a spectrophotometer (V-7100 manufactured by JASCO Corporation).
- k 1 is the transmission spectrum when the incident polarization electric field vector parallel to the transmission axis of the polarizing film
- k 2 is a transmission spectrum when incident polarization of polarizing film transmission axis perpendicular electric field vector.
- the measurement wavelength was 380 nm to 780 nm.
- the dichroic ratio log (0.92 / Y 2 ) using Y 1 and Y 2 subjected to respective visibility corrections (Y values) in consideration of the surface reflection of the substrate. ) / Log (0.92 / Y 1 ) to calculate the dichroic ratio.
- the liquid crystal panel of a liquid crystal television, a computer display, a mobile phone, a game machine, a digital camera, a video camera, a car navigation, OA apparatus, FA apparatus Is preferably used.
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Abstract
Description
(1)本発明の液晶性コーティング液は、第1のリオトロピック液晶性低分子化合物と第2のリオトロピック液晶性低分子化合物と溶媒とを含む。第1のリオトロピック液晶性低分子化合物と第2のリオトロピック液晶性低分子化合物は、積み重なってカラム状複合会合体を形成する。第2のリオトロピック液晶性低分子化合物は第1のリオトロピック液晶性低分子化合物より、モル数において少量である。第2のリオトロピック液晶性低分子化合物の分子サイズは第1のリオトロピック液晶性低分子化合物の分子サイズより小さい。分子サイズの測定法は[測定方法]の項に記載する。
(2)本発明の液晶性コーティング液においては、第1のリオトロピック液晶性低分子化合物の分子サイズが2nm~4nmである。
(3)本発明の液晶性コーティング液においては、第2のリオトロピック液晶性低分子化合物の分子サイズが1nm以上、4nm未満である。
(4)本発明の液晶性コーティング液においては、第1のリオトロピック液晶性低分子化合物の分子サイズをM1、第2のリオトロピック液晶性低分子化合物の分子サイズをM2としたとき、M2/M1が0.5以上1未満である。
(5)本発明の液晶性コーティング液においては、第1のリオトロピック液晶性低分子化合物が芳香族ジスアゾ化合物である。
(6)本発明の液晶性コーティング液においては、芳香族ジスアゾ化合物が一般式(1)で表わされる。
一般式(1)中、Rは水素原子、炭素数1~3のアルキル基、アセチル基、ベンゾイル基、または、置換基を有していてもよいフェニル基を表わす。Mは対イオンを表わす。Xは水素原子、ハロゲン原子、ニトロ基、シアノ基、炭素数1~4のアルキル基、炭素数1~4のアルコキシ基、または-SO3M基を表わす。
(7)本発明の液晶性コーティング液においては、第2のリオトロピック液晶性低分子化合物が芳香族モノアゾ化合物である。
(8)本発明の液晶性コーティング液においては、芳香族モノアゾ化合物が構造式(3)で表わされる。
(9)本発明の偏光膜は上記の液晶性コーティング液を薄膜状に流延して得られる。
本発明の液晶性コーティング液10は第1のリオトロピック液晶性低分子化合物11と、第1のリオトロピック液晶性低分子化合物11より少量の第2のリオトロピック液晶性低分子化合物14と、溶媒12とを含む。
本発明に用いられる第1のリオトロピック液晶性低分子化合物11は、単独では、溶媒12中で分子が積み重なってカラム状会合体13を形成する。
本発明に用いられる第2のリオトロピック液晶性低分子化合物14は、分子サイズが第1のリオトロピック液晶性低分子化合物11の分子サイズより小さい。第2のリオトロピック液晶性低分子化合物14の分子サイズは、好ましくは1nm以上、4nm未満であり、さらに好ましくは1.5nm~1.8nmである。
本発明に用いられる溶媒12は第1のリオトロピック液晶性低分子化合物11および第2のリオトロピック液晶性低分子化合物14を溶解する。溶媒12は、好ましくは親水性溶媒である。親水性溶媒として、好ましくは水、アルコール類、セロソルブ類、およびそれらの混合溶媒が挙げられる。
本発明の液晶性コーティング液10を流延して得られる偏光膜は、好ましくは可視光領域(波長380nm~800nm)の少なくとも一波長で、吸収二色性を示す。本発明の液晶性コーティング液10から得られる偏光膜の二色比は、好ましくは40以上である。
4-ニトロアニリンと8-アミノ-2-ナフタレンスルホン酸を、常法に従ってジアゾ化およびカップリング反応させ、モノアゾ化合物を得た。「常法」は細田豊著「理論製造 染料化学 第5版」昭和43年7月15日 技報堂発行、135ページ~152ページによる。
食用黄色4号(ナトリウム塩)(東京化成工業社製)をイオン交換水で希釈し、濃度1重量%の水溶液を調製した。この水溶液を陽イオン交換樹脂に通した後、水酸化リチウム水溶液を用いてpH=7.0に中和した。
8-アミノ-2-ナフタレンスルホン酸と、1-アミノ-8-ナフトール-2,4-ジスルホン酸リチウム塩を、常法に従ってジアゾ化およびカップリング反応させ、構造式(4)のモノアゾ化合物を含む粗生成物を得た。これを塩化リチウムで塩析して構造式(4)の芳香族モノアゾ化合物を得た(分子サイズ1.46nm、分子量571.34;以下化合物(4)と記す)。
食用黄色4号をAcidRed26(東京化成工業社製)に換えた以外は合成例2と同様にして、構造式(5)のAcidRed26リチウム塩を得た(分子サイズ1.33nm、分子量448.33;以下化合物(5)と記す)。
食用黄色4号をAcidRed27(東京化成工業社製)に換えた以外は合成例2と同様にして、構造式(6)のAcidRed27リチウム塩を得た(分子サイズ1.45nm、分子量556.33;以下化合物(6)と記す)。
食用黄色4号をMordantGreen28(山田化学工業社製)に換えた以外は合成例2と同様にして、構造式(7)のMordantGreen28リチウム塩を得た(分子サイズ1.48nm、分子量485.73;以下化合物(7)と記す)。
化合物(2)(分子サイズ2.16nm)をイオン交換水に溶解して、濃度1重量%の水溶液を調製した。化合物(2)が第1のリオトロピック液晶性低分子化合物に相当する。化合物(3)(分子サイズ1.73nm)をイオン交換水に溶解して、濃度1重量%の水溶液を調製した。化合物(3)が第2のリオトロピック液晶性低分子化合物に相当する。これらの水溶液を、化合物(2)と化合物(3)の混合比(モル比)が98:2となるように混合した。その後一定量の水を除去して、水溶液中の全固形分濃度が20重量%になるように水溶液を調製した。この水溶液をポリエチレンスポイトで採取し、2枚のスライドガラスの間に挟んで室温(23℃)にて偏光顕微鏡で観察したところ、ネマチック液晶相が確認された。
実施例1における化合物(2)と化合物(3)の混合比(モル比)を90:10にした。これ以外は実施例1と同様にして偏光膜を作製した。得られた偏光膜の光学特性を表1に示す。
実施例1における化合物(3)を化合物(4)に換え、混合比(モル比)を85:15とした。それ以外は実施例1と同様にして偏光膜を作製した。得られた偏光膜の光学特性を表1に示す。
実施例1における化合物(3)を化合物(5)に換え、混合比(モル比)を95:5とした。それ以外は実施例1と同様の方法で水溶液中の全固形分濃度が20重量%となるように水溶液を調製し、ネマチック液晶相を確認した。この水溶液をイオン交換水を用いて8重量%となるように希釈してコーティング液を調製した。またバーコータとしてBUSCHMAN社製Mayerrot HS4を用いた。これら以外は実施例1と同様にして偏光膜を作製した。得られた偏光膜の光学特性を表1に示す。
実施例1における化合物(3)を化合物(6)に換え、混合比(モル比)を96:4とした。それ以外は実施例1と同様の方法で水溶液中の全固形分濃度が20重量%となるように水溶液を調製し、ネマチック液晶相を確認した。この水溶液をイオン交換水を用いて8重量%となるように希釈してコーティング液を調製した。またバーコータとしてBUSCHMAN社製Mayerrot HS4を用いた。これら以外は実施例1と同様にして偏光膜を作製した。得られた偏光膜の光学特性を表1に示す。
実施例1における化合物(3)を化合物(7)に換え、混合比(モル比)を97:3とした。それ以外は実施例1と同様の方法で、水溶液中の全固形分濃度が20重量%となるように水溶液を調製し、ネマチック液晶相を確認した。この水溶液をイオン交換水を用いて8重量%となるように希釈してコーティング液を調製した。またバーコータとしてBUSCHMAN社製Mayerrot HS3を用いた。これら以外は実施例1と同様にして偏光膜を作製した。得られた偏光膜の光学特性を表1に示す。
ペリレンテトラカルボン酸ベンゾイミダゾール誘導体を20%発煙硫酸に溶解させ、110℃で7時間撹拌しスルホン酸を導入した。この溶液をイオン交換水に冷却しながら滴下して加えた。沈殿した化合物を吸引濾過し、イオン交換水に溶解させ、透析して無機酸を分離した。得られた水溶液を水酸化リチウム水溶液を用いてpH=7となるように中和した。これを濃縮後固化させて、構造式(8)のペリレンテトラカルボン酸ベンゾイミダゾールジスルホン酸リチウム塩を得た(分子量708.54;以下化合物(8)と記す)。
実施例1における化合物(3)を混合しなかった以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で偏光膜を作製した。得られた偏光膜の光学特性を表1に示す。
実施例1における化合物(3)の代わりに化合物(4)(分子サイズ2.41nm)を用いた。また化合物(2)と化合物(4)の混合比(モル比)を98:2とした。これら以外は実施例1と同様の方法で偏光膜を作製した。得られた偏光膜の光学特性を表1に示す。
比較例2における化合物(2)と化合物(4)の混合比(モル比)を90:10とした。これ以外は実施例1と同様の方法で偏光膜を作製した。得られた偏光膜の光学特性を表1に示す。
[厚み]
偏光膜の一部を剥離し、三次元非接触表面形状計測システム(菱化システム社製Micromap MM5200)を用いて段差を測定し、偏光膜の厚みを求めた。
2枚のスライドガラスに少量のコーティング液を挟み、顕微鏡用大型試料加熱冷却ステージ(ジャパンハイテック社製10013L)を備えた偏光顕微鏡(オリンパス社製OPTIPHOT-POL)を用いて液晶相を観察した。
分光光度計(日本分光社製V-7100)を用いて偏光透過スペクトルk1、k2を測定した。k1は偏光膜の透過軸と平行な電界ベクトルの偏光を入射したときの透過スペクトルであり、k2は偏光膜の透過軸と垂直な電界ベクトルの偏光を入射したときの透過スペクトルである。測定波長は380nm~780nmとした。偏光膜の二色比は基材の表面反射を考慮して、それぞれの視感度補正(Y値)を施したY1、Y2を用いて、二色比=log(0.92/Y2)/log(0.92/Y1)により二色比を算出した。
ケンブリッジソフト社製汎用分子モデリングプログラム「CS Chem3D Pro 5」付属のMOPACを用いて、構造最適化計算をおこなった。その構造の中で、水素原子を除いた原子のうち、最も離れた二原子間の距離を分子サイズとした。
11 第1のリオトロピック液晶性低分子化合物
12 溶媒
13 カラム状会合体
14 第2のリオトロピック液晶性低分子化合物
15 カラム状複合会合体
15a 配向方向
16 流延方向
17 第2のリオトロピック液晶性低分子化合物
17a 突出部
18 カラム状複合会合体
18a 配向方向
30 液晶性コーティング液
31 溶媒
32 カラム状会合体
32a 配向方向
33 リオトロピック液晶性低分子化合物
34 流延方向
Claims (17)
- 第1のリオトロピック液晶性低分子化合物と、第2のリオトロピック液晶性低分子化合物と、溶媒とを含む液晶性コーティング液であって、
前記第1のリオトロピック液晶性低分子化合物と前記第2のリオトロピック液晶性低分子化合物とが積み重なってカラム状複合会合体を形成し、
前記第2のリオトロピック液晶性低分子化合物が前記第1のリオトロピック液晶性低分子化合物より少量であり、
前記第2のリオトロピック液晶性低分子化合物の分子サイズが前記第1のリオトロピック液晶性低分子化合物の分子サイズより小さいことを特徴とする液晶性コーティング液。 - 前記第1のリオトロピック液晶性低分子化合物の分子サイズが2nm~4nmであることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の液晶性コーティング液。
- 前記第2のリオトロピック液晶性低分子化合物の分子サイズが1nm以上、4nm未満であることを特徴とする、請求項1または2に記載の液晶性コーティング液。
- 前記第1のリオトロピック液晶性低分子化合物の分子サイズをM1、前記第2のリオトロピック液晶性低分子化合物の分子サイズをM2としたとき、M2/M1が0.5以上1未満であることを特徴とする、請求項1または2に記載の液晶性コーティング液。
- 前記第1のリオトロピック液晶性低分子化合物が芳香族ジスアゾ化合物であることを特徴とする、請求項1または2に記載の液晶性コーティング液。
- 前記第2のリオトロピック液晶性低分子化合物が芳香族モノアゾ化合物であることを特徴とする、請求項1または2に記載の液晶性コーティング液。
- 前記第2のリオトロピック液晶性低分子化合物が芳香族モノアゾ化合物であることを特徴とする、請求項5に記載の液晶性コーティング液。
- 請求項1または2に記載の液晶性コーティング液を薄膜状に流延して得られることを特徴とする偏光膜。
- 請求項3に記載の液晶性コーティング液を薄膜状に流延して得られることを特徴とする偏光膜。
- 請求項4に記載の液晶性コーティング液を薄膜状に流延して得られることを特徴とする偏光膜。
- 請求項5に記載の液晶性コーティング液を薄膜状に流延して得られることを特徴とする偏光膜。
- 請求項6に記載の液晶性コーティング液を薄膜状に流延して得られることを特徴とする偏光膜。
- 請求項7に記載の液晶性コーティング液を薄膜状に流延して得られることを特徴とする偏光膜。
- 請求項8に記載の液晶性コーティング液を薄膜状に流延して得られることを特徴とする偏光膜。
- 請求項9に記載の液晶性コーティング液を薄膜状に流延して得られることを特徴とする偏光膜。
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