WO2009096339A1 - 燃料電池システム - Google Patents
燃料電池システム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2009096339A1 WO2009096339A1 PCT/JP2009/051108 JP2009051108W WO2009096339A1 WO 2009096339 A1 WO2009096339 A1 WO 2009096339A1 JP 2009051108 W JP2009051108 W JP 2009051108W WO 2009096339 A1 WO2009096339 A1 WO 2009096339A1
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- fuel cell
- current density
- anode
- peak position
- dry
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
- H01M8/04126—Humidifying
- H01M8/04141—Humidifying by water containing exhaust gases
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04492—Humidity; Ambient humidity; Water content
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04492—Humidity; Ambient humidity; Water content
- H01M8/04529—Humidity; Ambient humidity; Water content of the electrolyte
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04537—Electric variables
- H01M8/04574—Current
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04828—Humidity; Water content
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04828—Humidity; Water content
- H01M8/0485—Humidity; Water content of the electrolyte
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04097—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with recycling of the reactants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
- H01M8/04156—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying with product water removal
- H01M8/04179—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying with product water removal by purging or increasing flow or pressure of reactants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
- H01M8/04268—Heating of fuel cells during the start-up of the fuel cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04537—Electric variables
- H01M8/04574—Current
- H01M8/04582—Current of the individual fuel cell
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04537—Electric variables
- H01M8/04574—Current
- H01M8/04589—Current of fuel cell stacks
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a fuel cell system, and more particularly to a fuel cell system that diagnoses the dry state inside the fuel cell and reflects the diagnosis result in the control of the system.
- a plurality of fuel cells are provided in a plane parallel to the power generation surface of the fuel cell.
- a technology has been proposed in which current sensors are installed and the measurement results of partial currents by these current sensors are reflected in the control of the system.
- the measured values of the partial current at each measurement point are individually compared with a predetermined reference value, or the current distribution pattern obtained by aggregating the measured values is determined in advance. It is compared with the reference pattern. Then, abnormalities such as dry-up, flooding, fuel gas deficiency, and oxidant gas deficiency are detected from the comparison results.
- Dry out of the abnormalities listed above is a phenomenon that the electrolyte membrane dries due to insufficient water in the fuel cell.
- the electrolyte membrane of a fuel cell requires water molecules for the movement of hydrogen ions therein, and exhibits high ionic conductivity only when it contains moisture. For this reason, if the water in the fuel cell is insufficient and the electrolyte membrane is dried, the power generation performance of the fuel cell is greatly reduced as the ion conductivity decreases. Therefore, it is important for the fuel cell to keep the inside of the fuel cell in an appropriate wet state in order to maintain high power generation performance.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2006-318784 discloses a technique (hereinafter referred to as a conventional technique) relating to detection of dry-up (also referred to as dry-out).
- a conventional technique relating to detection of dry-up (also referred to as dry-out).
- the current density distribution in the inlet-side flow path of the cathode gas (oxidant gas) is compared with the current density distribution in the outlet-side flow path. It is determined that an up has occurred.
- the present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a fuel cell system capable of diagnosing the dry state inside the fuel cell in detail.
- a first invention provides a fuel cell system comprising: A fuel cell that generates power by supplying a reaction gas to each of an anode and a cathode; Measuring means for measuring the distribution of current density on the power generation surface of the fuel cell; Diagnosing means for diagnosing the dry state inside the fuel cell based on a change in the peak position of the current density on the power generation surface; It is characterized by having.
- the current density distribution measured by the measuring means may be obtained by measuring partial current values at a plurality of locations on the power generation surface, or by dividing the power generation surface into a plurality of areas, and the current density (representative current) of each area.
- the value obtained by dividing the value by the area of the area) may be used.
- the peak position of the current density a portion showing the highest value in the in-plane current density distribution may be obtained.
- the peak of the position of the maximum current density (or partial current value) of a plurality of sensors or the peak of a curve (current density curve) obtained by fitting the values of each sensor It can be a position.
- the peak position may be changed as long as the change amount corresponds to the dry-up range to be detected.
- the reference change amount may be determined in advance based on the range by experiments or the like. For example, when the sensor that measures the highest partial current value moves to another sensor, or when the peak position of the curve moves more than a predetermined value determined in advance by experiment etc., the peak position has changed As good as In the former example, the peak position may be changed if the cell measuring the highest partial current value moves to an adjacent sensor, or the peak position changes only when the cell moves to a sensor more than a certain distance. It may be that there was.
- the diagnosis based on the change in the peak position is a diagnosis based on the amount of change in the peak position, the change speed, the direction of the change, or a combination thereof. For example, it is possible to diagnose where the drying occurs from the direction of the change in the peak position, and it is possible to diagnose the progress of the drying from the change amount and the changing speed of the peak position.
- the relationship between the change direction of the peak position and the location where the drying occurs depends on the relationship between the flow direction of the reaction gas on the anode side and the flow direction of the reaction gas on the cathode side.
- the fuel cell is a fuel cell in which the reaction gas on the anode side and the reaction gas on the cathode side face each other across the power generation surface,
- the diagnostic means determines whether the current density peak position has changed to the outlet side of the anode or the cathode, and specifies the drying place according to the determination result.
- the determination can be made based on whether the peak position of the curve obtained by fitting the values of each sensor has moved toward the outlet side of the anode or the cathode.
- a threshold is set for the amount of change in the peak position for each direction, and it is determined that the change in the peak position in that direction has occurred only when the amount of change in the peak position in that direction exceeds the threshold in that direction. It's okay.
- the correspondence between the change direction of the peak position and the drying location may be determined in advance by experiments or the like. Using this correspondence, when the peak position of the current density changes to the cathode outlet side, it can be diagnosed that drying occurs on the cathode inlet side. Conversely, when the peak position of the current density changes to the anode outlet side, it can be diagnosed that drying has occurred on the anode inlet side.
- the fuel cell is a fuel cell in which a reaction gas on the anode side and a reaction gas on the cathode side flow in parallel across the power generation surface,
- the diagnostic means verifies whether or not the peak position of the current density changes according to the change in the reaction gas supply condition on the anode side, and the verification result It is characterized by specifying the drying place according to the condition.
- the sensor measuring the highest partial current value has moved to another sensor, or the curve obtained by fitting the values of each sensor. Indicates that the peak position has moved.
- a threshold value may be provided for the change amount of the peak position, and it may be determined that the peak position has changed only when the change amount of the peak position exceeds the threshold value.
- the supply condition of the reaction gas on the anode side may be, for example, the supply pressure or supply flow rate of the anode gas, or both.
- the change in the peak position is in accordance with the change in the supply condition, for example, if the supply condition is changed, the peak position changes, but if the supply condition is not changed, the peak position does not change, or This can be confirmed by almost no change compared to when the supply conditions are changed.
- the verification as to whether or not the peak position of the current density has changed according to the change in the supply condition may be, for example, confirming whether or not the amount of change in the peak position when the supply condition is changed exceeds a threshold value.
- the correspondence between the presence or absence of a change in peak position when the supply conditions are changed and the drying location may be determined in advance by experiments or the like. Using this correspondence, it can be diagnosed that drying has occurred on the anode inlet side when the supply conditions are changed and the current density peak position is changed accordingly. Conversely, when there is no change in the peak position of the current density, it can be diagnosed that drying has occurred on the cathode inlet side.
- a fourth invention is any one of the first to third inventions,
- diagnosis means diagnoses that the inside of the fuel cell is dry
- a control means for controlling the operating condition of the fuel cell so as to return the peak position of the current density to the position before the change based on the diagnosis result , Is further provided.
- the inside of the fuel cell refers to the power generation surface of the fuel cell and the flow path of the reaction gas along the power generation surface. And that the inside of the fuel cell is dry means that at least a part thereof is dry.
- the operating conditions of the fuel cell to be controlled include cathode stoichiometric ratio, cathode back pressure, air humidification amount, refrigerant temperature, anode stoichiometric ratio, anode back pressure, and the like. Any one or a plurality of control objects may be controlled according to the drying place. How the peak position changes when the operating conditions of the fuel cell are controlled can be determined in advance by experiments or the like.
- the dry state inside the fuel cell can be diagnosed in detail.
- the drying place is the cathode inlet side or the anode inlet side.
- the drying place is the inlet side of the cathode or the inlet side of the anode.
- the operating conditions of the fuel cell are controlled to return the peak position of the current density to the position before the change, thereby eliminating the drying that has occurred inside the fuel cell and reducing the power generation caused by the drying. Performance can be restored.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically showing a configuration of a fuel cell (fuel cell stack) according to a first embodiment of the present invention. It is a figure which shows typically the structure of the fuel cell system using the fuel cell stack shown in FIG.
- the current density distribution when the CA dry-up occurs the current density distribution when the CA flooding occurs, and the normal current density distribution are compared. It is.
- the current density distribution when the AN dry-up occurs the current density distribution when the AN flooding occurs, and the normal current density distribution are compared. It is.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a comparison between a current density distribution when dry-up occurs and a normal current density distribution in a fuel cell in which the flow of reaction gas is a parallel flow.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a comparison between a current density distribution when flooding occurs and a normal current density distribution in a fuel cell in which reactant gas flows are parallel flows. It is a flowchart which shows the routine of the abnormality diagnosis based on the measurement signal of the current measurement cell performed in Embodiment 2 of this invention, and the return control based on the diagnostic result. It is a figure which shows distribution of the current density change rate when dry up generate
- Embodiment 1 FIG.
- Embodiment 1 of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically showing a configuration of a fuel cell according to the present embodiment.
- the fuel cell is used as a fuel cell stack 2 in which a plurality of unit cells 30 are stacked.
- the unit battery 30 has a configuration in which a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) 40 is sandwiched between a pair of current collector plates 46 and 48.
- the current collector plates 46 and 48 also function as separators that partition between two adjacent membrane electrode assemblies.
- a cathode gas flow path 42 for supplying air to the membrane electrode assembly 40 is formed inside the cathode side current collecting plate 46.
- An anode gas channel 44 for supplying hydrogen to the membrane electrode assembly 40 is formed inside the anode current collector plate 48.
- current measuring cells 32 are stacked together with the unit batteries 30.
- a plurality of current sensors 34 are embedded in the current measurement cell 32, and currents (partial currents) flowing out from or flowing into the unit battery 30 adjacent to the current measurement cell 32 are measured at a plurality of measurement points. It can be done. From the coordinates on the power generation surface of each current sensor 34 and the measured current value, it is possible to measure the distribution of current density on the power generation surface of a unit battery (hereinafter referred to as a test target battery) 30 adjacent to the current measurement cell 32. .
- FIG. 2 is a diagram schematically showing the configuration of the fuel cell system of the present embodiment.
- the fuel cell system is a power supply system that generates power by the fuel cell stack 2 shown in FIG. 1 and supplies the power to an electric load 18 such as a motor.
- Power generation by the fuel cell stack 2 requires continuous supply of oxidant gas and fuel gas, which are reaction gases.
- oxidant gas and fuel gas which are reaction gases.
- air is used as the oxidant gas
- hydrogen is used as the fuel gas.
- the fuel cell stack 2 is connected with an air supply path 22 for supplying air.
- An air compressor 20 is disposed in the air supply path 22.
- the air taken into the air supply path 22 by the air compressor 20 is appropriately humidified by the humidifier 28 and then supplied to the fuel cell stack 2.
- Air supplied to the fuel cell stack 2 is distributed to the cathode of each unit cell 30 by a supply manifold formed in the fuel cell stack 2.
- the gas (cathode off gas) that has passed through the cathode of each unit cell 30 is collected in a discharge manifold formed in the fuel cell stack 2 and discharged to the cathode gas discharge path 24.
- the humidifier 28 collects moisture in the cathode off gas in the cathode gas discharge passage 24 and supplies it to the air flowing in the air supply passage 22.
- a back pressure adjustment valve 26 is disposed in the cathode gas discharge path 24.
- a hydrogen supply path 6 for supplying hydrogen from the high-pressure hydrogen tank 4 to the fuel cell stack 2 is connected to the fuel cell stack 2.
- a modulatable pressure valve 8 is disposed in the middle of the hydrogen supply path 6. Hydrogen is depressurized by the adjustable pressure valve 8 and adjusted to a desired pressure before being supplied to the fuel cell stack 2. Hydrogen supplied to the fuel cell stack 2 is distributed to the anode of each unit cell 30 by a supply manifold formed in the fuel cell stack 2.
- the gas (anode off gas) that has passed through the anode of each unit cell 30 is collected in a discharge manifold formed in the fuel cell stack 2 and discharged to the anode gas circulation path 12.
- the anode gas circulation path 12 is connected at the tip thereof downstream of the adjustable pressure valve 8 in the hydrogen supply path 6.
- a circulation pump 14 for feeding the anode off gas into the hydrogen supply path 6 is provided in the middle. As means for circulating the anode gas, an ejector can be used instead of the circulation pump 14.
- the fuel cell system includes a control device 10.
- a current measuring cell 32 is connected to the input unit of the control device 10.
- devices such as the adjustable pressure valve 8, the circulation pump 14, the load 18, the air compressor 20, and the humidifier 28 are connected to the output unit of the control device 10.
- the operating conditions of the fuel cell stack 2 can be controlled by operating these devices.
- the control device 10 performs an abnormality diagnosis of the fuel cell stack 2 based on the measurement signal input from the current measurement cell 32, and controls the operating conditions of the fuel cell stack 2 based on the diagnosis result.
- FIGS. 3 and 4 show the signals of the current sensors 34 included in the current measurement cell 32 arranged in the flow direction of the reaction gas, and these diagrams show the distribution of current density in the flow direction of the reaction gas. .
- the direction of air flow in the cathode gas passage 42 and the direction of hydrogen flow in the anode gas passage 44 are opposite, that is, The air and hydrogen are configured to flow opposite to each other.
- the inlet of the cathode gas channel 42 and the outlet of the anode gas channel 44 are at the left end of the horizontal axis, and the outlet of the cathode gas channel 42 and the inlet of the anode gas channel 44 are on the horizontal axis. At the right end.
- the current distribution indicated by the solid line is the current distribution when the dry or wet state inside the battery is normal, that is, the normal current distribution. Diagnose abnormalities occurring inside the fuel cell stack 2, specifically, dry-up and flooding, depending on how the current distribution has changed with reference to the normal current distribution. Can do.
- a current distribution indicated by a broken line in FIG. 3 is a current distribution when dry-up (hereinafter, CA dry-up) occurs on the cathode side of the power generation surface.
- CA dry-up dry-up
- the ionic conductivity of the electrolyte membrane decreases at the portion where the power generation surface has been dried, the current density decreases.
- the current generated by the power generation reaction is concentrated in a portion where no drying occurs. As a result, as indicated by a broken line in FIG.
- the peak position of the current density is displaced to the outlet side of the cathode gas flow path 42 where the drying is not progressing. Therefore, the occurrence of CA dry-up can be determined by the peak position of the current density being displaced toward the outlet side of the cathode gas flow path 42. Further, it can be determined that the dry-up occurs in a wider range on the cathode side as the change amount of the peak position of the current density is larger.
- the current distribution indicated by a broken line in FIG. 4 is a current distribution when dry-up (hereinafter referred to as AN dry-up) occurs on the anode side of the power generation surface.
- AN dry-up a current distribution when dry-up
- the occurrence of AN dry-up can be determined by the peak position of the current density being displaced toward the outlet side of the anode gas passage 44. Further, it can be determined that dry-up occurs in a wider range on the anode side as the amount of change in the peak position of the current density is larger.
- a current distribution indicated by a dotted line in FIG. 3 is a current distribution when flooding (hereinafter referred to as CA flooding) occurs on the cathode side of the power generation surface.
- CA flooding a current distribution when flooding
- the unit battery 30 of the present embodiment has a configuration in which air and hydrogen flow inside each other, as shown by a broken line in FIG. 4, in the vicinity of the outlet of the cathode gas channel 42 even when AN dry-up occurs.
- the current density will decrease. Therefore, it is difficult to distinguish between CA flooding and AN dry-up only from the change in current density near the exit.
- the current density increases in the normal part as the current density decreases in the dry part, whereas in the case of CA flooding, only the current density decreases in the excessive water part. . Therefore, the occurrence of CA flooding can be determined by a decrease in the current density in the vicinity of the outlet of the cathode gas channel 42 without changing the current density peak position. Further, it can be determined that flooding occurs in a wider range on the cathode side as the region where the current density is reduced is wider.
- the current distribution indicated by a dotted line in FIG. 4 is a current distribution when flooding (hereinafter referred to as AN flooding) occurs on the anode side of the power generation surface.
- AN flooding a current distribution when flooding
- occurrence of AN flooding can be determined by a decrease in current density in the vicinity of the outlet of the anode gas channel 44 without changing the peak position of the current density. Further, it can be determined that flooding occurs in a wider range on the anode side as the region where the current density is reduced is wider.
- the operating condition of the fuel cell stack is controlled as in the following (a1) to (a3) to change from the CA dry-up state to the normal state.
- this control is referred to as CA dry-up return control. Any one operating condition may be controlled, or a plurality of operating conditions may be combined.
- the CA dry-up return control is continued until the current distribution returns to the normal range.
- A1 Decreasing the rotational speed of the compressor 20 to reduce the cathode stoichiometric ratio.
- the cathode back pressure is increased by reducing the opening of the back pressure regulating valve 26.
- the humidification amount of air by the humidifier 28 is increased.
- the operating condition of the fuel cell stack is controlled as in the following (b1) to (b3) to return from the AN dry-up state to the normal state.
- this control is referred to as AN dry-up return control. Any one operating condition may be controlled, or a plurality of operating conditions may be combined.
- the AN dry-up recovery control continues until the current distribution returns to the normal range.
- B1 Decreasing the rotation speed of the compressor 20 to reduce the cathode stoichiometric ratio.
- B2 Increase the cathode back pressure by reducing the opening of the back pressure adjustment valve 26.
- the humidification amount of air by the humidifier 28 is increased.
- CA flooding return control Any one operating condition may be controlled, or a plurality of operating conditions may be combined.
- the CA flooding return control is continued until the current distribution returns to the normal range.
- C1 Increase the rotational speed of the compressor 20 to increase the cathode stoichiometric ratio.
- C2 Decreasing the cathode back pressure by increasing the opening of the back pressure adjustment valve 26.
- C3 When the refrigerant flow in the battery is in the same direction as the air flow, the refrigerant outlet temperature is increased.
- the operating condition of the fuel cell stack is controlled as in the following (d1) to (d4) to return from the AN flooding state to the normal state.
- this control is referred to as AN flooding return control. Any one operating condition may be controlled, or a plurality of operating conditions may be combined.
- AN flooding return control continues until the current distribution returns to the normal range.
- D1 Increasing the rotation speed of the circulation pump 14 or increasing the degree of opening of the modulatable pressure valve 8 to increase the anode stoichiometric ratio.
- D2 The rotational speed of the circulation pump 14 is increased to reduce the anode back pressure.
- D3 Increasing the rotation speed of the compressor 20 to increase the cathode stoichiometric ratio.
- the amount of air humidified by the humidifier 28 is reduced.
- the control device 10 performs abnormality diagnosis based on the measurement signal of the current measurement cell 32 and return control based on the diagnosis result according to the routine shown in the flowchart of FIG. According to this routine, first, it is determined whether or not the peak position of the current density has changed to the cathode outlet side (step S100). If the determination result is Yes, it is determined that CA dry-up has occurred, and CA dry-up return control is performed (step S102).
- step S100 determines whether or not the peak position of the current density has changed to the anode outlet side. If the determination result is Yes, it is determined that AN dry-up has occurred, and AN dry-up return control is performed (step S106).
- step S104 If the decision result in the step S104 is No, it is next judged whether or not the current density in the vicinity of the cathode outlet has been lowered (step S108). If the determination result is Yes, it is determined that CA flooding has occurred, and CA flooding return control is performed (step S110).
- step S108 determines whether or not the current density in the vicinity of the anode outlet has decreased. If the determination result is Yes, it is determined that AN flooding has occurred, and AN flooding return control is performed (step S114). On the other hand, if the determination result in step S112 is No, it is determined that dry-up or flooding has not occurred on the power generation surface of the fuel cell stack 2, that is, the fuel cell stack 2 is in a normal state.
- the "diagnostic means" according to the first and second inventions and the "control means” according to the fourth invention are realized by executing the routine shown in FIG. Is done.
- the scavenging process is performed so that the moisture content distribution in the power generation surface becomes substantially constant.
- the scavenging is performed while the current is slightly swept while the voltage is constant. Also, scavenging is performed on both the cathode side and the anode side.
- the current density distribution is determined by the moisture content distribution in the power generation plane because power generation occurs in a stoichiometric excess state. Therefore, the moisture content distribution can be monitored indirectly by monitoring the current density distribution.
- scavenging is performed until the overall current density falls below the current density (reference value) at the target moisture content, and when it falls below the reference value, scavenging and current sweeping are stopped. .
- the moisture content distribution in the power generation surface at the time of starting the fuel cell system is in a substantially constant low state. I want to be able to pull the load quickly after startup, but to do so, it is necessary to increase the moisture content in the power generation surface. However, if the moisture content increases locally, flooding may occur in that portion, or the generated water may freeze below freezing.
- an upper limit current density at which flooding occurs (or an upper limit current density at which generated water freezes) is set, and the load 18 is set so as not to exceed this upper limit current density.
- Embodiment 2 of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
- the fuel cell system of the present embodiment is different from that of the first embodiment in the flow direction of the reaction gas in the fuel cell stack 2.
- the direction of air flow in the cathode gas flow path 42 and the direction of hydrogen flow in the anode gas flow path 44 are the same, that is, air And hydrogen flow in parallel. Due to the difference in the flow direction of the reaction gas, the present embodiment, the fuel cell system, and the first embodiment also differ in the abnormality diagnosis method based on the measurement signal of the current measurement cell 32.
- FIGS. 8 and 9 show the signals of the current sensors 34 included in the current measuring cell 32 arranged in the flow direction of the reaction gas, and these figures show the current density distribution in the flow direction of the reaction gas.
- the inlet of the cathode gas channel 42 and the inlet of the anode gas channel 44 are at the left end of the horizontal axis, and the outlet of the cathode gas channel 42 and the outlet of the anode gas channel 44 are on the horizontal axis. At the right end.
- the current distribution indicated by the solid line is the current distribution when the dry or wet state inside the battery is normal, that is, the normal current distribution.
- An abnormality occurring inside the fuel cell stack 2, that is, dry-up and flooding can be diagnosed depending on how the current distribution has changed with reference to the normal current distribution.
- a current distribution indicated by a broken line in FIG. 8 is a current distribution when dry-up occurs on either the cathode side or the anode side of the power generation surface.
- the occurrence of dry-up can be determined by the peak position of the current density being displaced toward the outlet side of the gas flow paths 42 and 44. Further, it can be determined that the dry-up has occurred in a wider range of the power generation surface as the amount of change in the peak position of the current density is larger.
- the cathode stoichiometry when the cathode stoichiometry is changed instead of the anode stoichiometry, the amount of moisture carried away on the cathode side changes accordingly. However, since the gas flow rate on the cathode side is much larger than the gas flow rate on the anode side, the moisture amount on the anode side also changes due to the movement of moisture through the electrolyte membrane. In other words, if the cathode stoichiometry is changed, it cannot be distinguished whether the dry-up occurs at the anode side or the cathode side of the power generation surface.
- a current distribution indicated by a dotted line in FIG. 9 is a current distribution when flooding occurs on either the cathode side or the anode side of the power generation surface.
- occurrence of flooding can be determined by a decrease in current density in the vicinity of the outlets of the gas flow paths 42 and 44 without changing the peak position of the current density. Further, it can be determined that flooding occurs in a wider area of the power generation surface as the region where the current density is reduced is wider.
- the control device 10 performs abnormality diagnosis based on the measurement signal of the current measurement cell 32 and return control based on the diagnosis result according to the routine shown in the flowchart of FIG. According to this routine, first, it is determined whether or not the peak position of the current density has changed to the outlet side (step S200). If the determination result is Yes, processing for reducing anode stoichiometry is performed (step S202).
- step S204 it is determined whether or not the peak position of the current density has changed to the inlet side due to the decrease in anode stoichiometry. If the determination result is Yes, it is determined that AN dry-up has occurred, and AN dry-up return control is performed (step S206). On the other hand, if the determination result is No, it is determined that CA dry-up has occurred, and CA dry-up return control is performed (step S208). The contents of each return control are as described in the first embodiment.
- step S200 determines whether or not the current density near the outlet has decreased. If the determination result is Yes, processing for increasing the anode stoichiometry is performed (step S212).
- step S214 it is determined whether or not the current density in the vicinity of the outlet has been recovered due to the anode stoichiometric rise. If the determination result is Yes, it is determined that AN flooding has occurred, and AN flooding return control is performed (step S216). On the other hand, if the determination result is No, it is determined that CA flooding has occurred, and CA flooding return control is performed (step S218). If the determination result in step S210 is No, it is determined that dry-up or flooding has not occurred on the power generation surface of the fuel cell stack 2, that is, the fuel cell stack 2 is in a normal state.
- the "diagnostic means" according to the first and third inventions and the "control means” according to the fourth invention are realized by executing the routine shown in FIG. Is done.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing the distribution of the current density change rate when dry-up occurs
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing the distribution of the current density change rate when flooding occurs.
- the threshold value ⁇ is set for the current density change rate, it is possible to distinguish between flooding and dry-up depending on whether or not there is a portion exceeding the threshold value ⁇ in the distribution of the current density decrease rate.
- an operation method for generating electricity while circulating the anode gas is employed.
- an operation method for generating electricity with the anode gas stopped in the fuel cell stack may be employed.
- an apparatus (circulation pump or ejector) for circulating the anode gas is not necessary.
- an exhaust valve for purging these impurities to the outside is installed.
- the exhaust valve is completely closed, or the exhaust valve is slightly opened to continuously exhaust a small amount. In the continuous small amount exhaust, the opening degree of the exhaust valve is adjusted so that the flow rate of the anode gas exhausted outside the system becomes a very small value compared with the amount of hydrogen consumed in the fuel cell stack.
- the CA dry-up return control the CA flooding return control
- the AN dry-up return control are as described in the above embodiment.
- the control method can be used.
- a method of lowering the anode back pressure by opening the exhaust valve can be employed.
- the present invention is applicable to a fuel cell system that does not include an exhaust valve or does not operate the exhaust valve except in an emergency.
- the partial pressure of impurities in the anode gas flow path increases with operation, but when increased to a certain level, it becomes equal to the partial pressure of impurities in the cathode flow path.
- the partial pressure of impurities in the anode gas channel does not increase.
- the method (d3) or (d4) can be adopted as the AN flooding return control in such a fuel cell system.
- Fuel cell stack High pressure hydrogen tank 6 Hydrogen supply path 8 Modulatable pressure valve 10 Controller 12 Anode gas circulation path 14 Circulation pump 18 Load 20 Air compressor 22 Air supply path 24 Cathode gas discharge path 26 Back pressure adjustment valve 28 Humidifier 30 Unit battery 32 Current measurement cell 34 Current sensor 40 Membrane electrode assembly 42 Cathode gas flow path 44 Anode gas flow path 46, 48 Current collector plate
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Abstract
Description
アノードとカソードの夫々に反応ガスの供給を受けて発電する燃料電池と、
前記燃料電池の発電面における電流密度の分布を計測する計測手段と、
発電面上での電流密度のピーク位置の変化に基づいて前記燃料電池の内部の乾燥状態を診断する診断手段と、
を備えることを特徴としている。
前記燃料電池は、発電面を挟んでアノード側の反応ガスとカソード側の反応ガスとが対向して流れる燃料電池であって、
前記診断手段は、電流密度のピーク位置がアノードとカソードの何れの出口側に変化したかを判定し、その判定結果に応じて乾燥場所を特定することを特徴としている。
前記燃料電池は、発電面を挟んでアノード側の反応ガスとカソード側の反応ガスとが並行して流れる燃料電池であって、
前記診断手段は、電流密度のピーク位置に変化があった場合には、アノード側の反応ガスの供給条件の変化に応じて電流密度のピーク位置が変化するか否かを検証し、その検証結果に応じて乾燥場所を特定することを特徴としている。
前記診断手段により前記燃料電池の内部が乾燥していると診断されたときには、診断結果に基づいて電流密度のピーク位置を変化前の位置に戻すように前記燃料電池の運転条件を制御する制御手段、
をさらに備えることを特徴としている。
以下、本発明の実施の形態1について図を用いて説明する。
(a1)コンプレッサ20の回転速度を低下させてカソードストイキ比を低下させる。
(a2)背圧調整弁26の開度を小さくしてカソード背圧を上昇させる。
(a3)加湿器28による空気の加湿量を上昇させる。
(b1)コンプレッサ20の回転速度を低下させてカソードストイキ比を低下させる。
(b2)背圧調整弁26の開度を小さくしてカソード背圧を上昇させる。
(b3)加湿器28による空気の加湿量を上昇させる。
(c1)コンプレッサ20の回転速度を高めてカソードストイキ比を上昇させる。
(c2)背圧調整弁26の開度を大きくしてカソード背圧を低下させる。
(c3)電池内部の冷媒の流れが空気の流れと同方向である場合には、冷媒の出口温度を上昇させる。
(d1)循環ポンプ14の回転速度を高めるか、若しくは可変調圧弁8の開度を大きくしてアノードストイキ比を上昇させる。
(d2)循環ポンプ14の回転速度を高めてアノード背圧を低下させる。
(d3)コンプレッサ20の回転速度を高めてカソードストイキ比を上昇させる。
(d4)加湿器28による空気の加湿量を低下させる。
次に、本発明の実施の形態2について図を用いて説明する。
以上、本発明の実施の形態について説明したが、本発明は上記実施の形態に限定されるものではなく、本発明の趣旨を逸脱しない範囲で種々変形して実施することができる。例えば、次のように変形して実施してもよい。
4 高圧水素タンク
6 水素供給路
8 可変調圧弁
10 制御装置
12 アノードガス循環路
14 循環ポンプ
18 負荷
20 エアコンプレッサ
22 空気供給路
24 カソードガス排出路
26 背圧調整弁
28 加湿器
30 単位電池
32 電流計測セル
34 電流センサ
40 膜電極接合体
42 カソードガス流路
44 アノードガス流路
46,48 集電板
Claims (4)
- アノードとカソードの夫々に反応ガスの供給を受けて発電する燃料電池と、
前記燃料電池の発電面における電流密度の分布を計測する計測手段と、
発電面上での電流密度のピーク位置の変化に基づいて前記燃料電池の内部の乾燥状態を診断する診断手段と、
を備えることを特徴とする燃料電池システム。 - 前記燃料電池は、発電面を挟んでアノード側の反応ガスとカソード側の反応ガスとが対向して流れる燃料電池であって、
前記診断手段は、電流密度のピーク位置がアノードとカソードの何れの出口側に変化したかを判定し、その判定結果に応じて乾燥場所を特定することを特徴とする請求の範囲1記載の燃料電池システム。 - 前記燃料電池は、発電面を挟んでアノード側の反応ガスとカソード側の反応ガスとが並行して流れる燃料電池であって、
前記診断手段は、電流密度のピーク位置に変化があった場合には、アノード側の反応ガスの供給条件の変化に応じて電流密度のピーク位置が変化するか否かを検証し、その検証結果に応じて乾燥場所を特定することを特徴とする請求の範囲1記載の燃料電池システム。 - 前記診断手段により前記燃料電池の内部が乾燥していると診断されたときには、診断結果に基づいて電流密度のピーク位置を変化前の位置に戻すように前記燃料電池の運転条件を制御する制御手段、
をさらに備えることを特徴とする請求の範囲1乃至3の何れか1項に記載の燃料電池システム。
Priority Applications (4)
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CA2709817A CA2709817C (en) | 2008-01-30 | 2009-01-23 | Fuel cell system with internal dryness diagnostic check |
CN200980103562.6A CN101933186B (zh) | 2008-01-30 | 2009-01-23 | 燃料电池*** |
DE112009000469.5T DE112009000469B4 (de) | 2008-01-30 | 2009-01-23 | Brennstoffzellensystem mit Diagnoseüberprüfung hinsichtlich der im Inneren befindlichen Trockenheit einer Brennstoffzelle |
US12/810,106 US9077003B2 (en) | 2008-01-30 | 2009-01-23 | Fuel cell system |
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JP2008019409A JP5157485B2 (ja) | 2008-01-30 | 2008-01-30 | 燃料電池システム |
JP2008-019409 | 2008-01-30 |
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US (1) | US9077003B2 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5157485B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN101933186B (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2709817C (ja) |
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JP5333159B2 (ja) * | 2009-11-09 | 2013-11-06 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池システム |
JP5156797B2 (ja) | 2010-06-17 | 2013-03-06 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 燃料電池システム |
JP5581890B2 (ja) | 2010-08-20 | 2014-09-03 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池システム、および、燃料電池システムの制御方法 |
JP5708219B2 (ja) * | 2011-05-11 | 2015-04-30 | 株式会社デンソー | 電流測定装置 |
JP2013109949A (ja) * | 2011-11-21 | 2013-06-06 | Denso Corp | 燃料電池システム |
JP5790516B2 (ja) * | 2012-01-24 | 2015-10-07 | 株式会社デンソー | 燃料電池システム |
FR3019383B1 (fr) * | 2014-03-31 | 2016-04-01 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Pile a combustible a fonctionnement optimise |
DE102014013197A1 (de) | 2014-09-06 | 2016-03-10 | Otto-Von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg | Brennstoffzellensystem und Verfahren zur Bewertung des Zustands des Wasserhaushalts |
CN109828209A (zh) * | 2018-12-29 | 2019-05-31 | 清华大学 | 燃料电池电堆故障诊断方法 |
CN109818015B (zh) * | 2018-12-29 | 2020-01-14 | 清华大学 | 燃料电池电流密度分布估计方法、装置及计算机存储介质 |
CN109799465B (zh) * | 2018-12-29 | 2020-01-21 | 清华大学 | 燃料电池堆衰退诊断方法 |
WO2020135693A1 (zh) | 2018-12-29 | 2020-07-02 | 清华大学 | 燃料电池堆衰退诊断方法、燃料电池多点分析方法和燃料电池膜电极的性能估计方法 |
CN110416578B (zh) * | 2019-02-01 | 2020-04-28 | 清华大学 | 燃料电池的增湿方法、计算机设备和存储介质 |
CN109713336A (zh) * | 2019-02-18 | 2019-05-03 | 无锡威孚高科技集团股份有限公司 | 一种燃料电池的控制*** |
CN111106368B (zh) * | 2019-12-31 | 2021-11-26 | 上海神力科技有限公司 | 一种燃料电池电堆的水管理方法 |
CN113793958B (zh) * | 2021-08-24 | 2023-04-18 | 清华大学 | 一种基于电流密度分布的燃料电池水淹诊断方法 |
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- 2009-01-23 DE DE112009000469.5T patent/DE112009000469B4/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
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JP5157485B2 (ja) | 2013-03-06 |
US9077003B2 (en) | 2015-07-07 |
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DE112009000469T5 (de) | 2011-01-13 |
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CA2709817C (en) | 2012-10-09 |
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US20110104580A1 (en) | 2011-05-05 |
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