WO2009093641A1 - 眼科装置 - Google Patents
眼科装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2009093641A1 WO2009093641A1 PCT/JP2009/050945 JP2009050945W WO2009093641A1 WO 2009093641 A1 WO2009093641 A1 WO 2009093641A1 JP 2009050945 W JP2009050945 W JP 2009050945W WO 2009093641 A1 WO2009093641 A1 WO 2009093641A1
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- target
- split
- alignment
- pseudo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B3/00—Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes
- A61B3/10—Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions
- A61B3/14—Arrangements specially adapted for eye photography
- A61B3/15—Arrangements specially adapted for eye photography with means for aligning, spacing or blocking spurious reflection ; with means for relaxing
- A61B3/152—Arrangements specially adapted for eye photography with means for aligning, spacing or blocking spurious reflection ; with means for relaxing for aligning
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B3/00—Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes
- A61B3/10—Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions
- A61B3/12—Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions for looking at the eye fundus, e.g. ophthalmoscopes
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B3/00—Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes
- A61B3/10—Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions
- A61B3/14—Arrangements specially adapted for eye photography
- A61B3/145—Arrangements specially adapted for eye photography by video means
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B3/00—Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes
- A61B3/0091—Fixation targets for viewing direction
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an ophthalmologic apparatus such as a fundus camera.
- the distance between the objective lens of the photographing optical system and the eye to be examined (hereinafter referred to as working distance) and an alignment target for alignment, and the split view for focusing the eye on the photographing camera.
- working distance the distance between the objective lens of the photographing optical system and the eye to be examined
- split view for focusing the eye on the photographing camera.
- the optical image of the alignment target and the optical image of the split target received by the observation camera are displayed on the monitor.
- the examiner performs an alignment adjustment operation to match the centers of the two alignment targets by operating the joystick while observing the alignment targets displayed on the monitor.
- the adjustment knob is turned to perform a focusing operation for matching the upper and lower split targets.
- the examiner when performing the alignment adjustment operation and the focusing operation, the examiner needs to check the state of the alignment target and the split target while looking at the fundus image, which places a considerable burden on the examiner.
- a fundus camera that performs autofocus is known (for example, see Patent Document 1).
- a fundus camera that performs auto-alignment is also known in order to reduce the burden on the examiner in the alignment adjustment operation (see, for example, Patent Document 2).
- the examiner performs the focusing operation using the optical image of the split target photographed by the observation camera displayed on the monitor. Therefore, if the optical image of the split target is blurred and difficult to see, or if only one split target among the upper and lower split targets is visible, it is difficult for a skilled examiner to perform the focusing operation.
- There was a problem In particular, for example, when the subject's eye is a small pupil and one split target is obstructed by the subject's eye pupil, the base is moved slightly to the left and right, and the upper and lower split targets are alternately placed on the fundus of the subject's eye. It is necessary to perform the projection operation and perform the focusing operation so that the upper and lower split targets coincide, and the focusing operation is difficult.
- the fundus camera described in Patent Document 2 since the auto-alignment operation is performed using the optical image of the alignment target, the optical image of the alignment target is blurred or one of the two alignment targets is one. If only the detection is possible, there is a problem that the working distance and alignment by the auto alignment operation are not completed.
- the fundus camera described in Patent Document 2 requires a mechanism for blinking the two alignment targets when the working distance is not appropriate and the two alignment targets are separated. There was a problem of incurring cost increase.
- the alignment adjustment operation and the focusing operation can be easily performed in the case of manual operation regardless of the display state of the target of the optical image used when performing the alignment adjustment operation and the focusing operation.
- an object is to provide an ophthalmic apparatus that can reliably achieve alignment adjustment operation and focusing operation.
- a photographing optical system for photographing a photographing target portion of the eye to be examined, an illumination optical system for illuminating the eye to be examined, and an optical for focusing the photographing optical system on the photographing target portion of the eye to be examined.
- a split target projection optical system that projects a split target that is an image target and an alignment target projection that projects an alignment target that is an optical image target for aligning the photographing optical system with respect to the eye to be examined
- An optical system an observation optical system for displaying on the monitor the optical image of the imaging target portion of the eye to be examined and the split target and the alignment target, and an observation video signal output by the observation optical system, Detect at least one position of the split target and the alignment target in the observation video signal, and display a pseudo target on the monitor based on the detected position
- a pseudo target display processing unit that, characterized by comprising a.
- a pseudo target is displayed on the observation monitor together with the optical image target.
- alignment adjustment operation and focusing operation can be performed in the same operation procedure as before using a pseudo target.
- the displayed pseudo target is easier to identify than the optical image target, and the visibility of the target is improved. Therefore, compared with the case where an optical image target is used, an operation for matching the two targets is facilitated.
- a pseudo target that is easier to identify than the target optical image is displayed on the monitor, so that the position detection performance by the pseudo target is higher than the position detection performance by the optical image target. . Therefore, it is possible to quickly and reliably perform the alignment and focusing of the eye to be examined with respect to the non-mydriatic fundus camera.
- FIG. 1 is an external view of a non-mydriatic fundus camera (an example of an ophthalmologic apparatus) according to a first embodiment of the present invention. It is a top view of the operation panel set to the mount part of the non-mydriatic retinal camera of Example 1 of the present invention. It is an example of each display item displayed on the monitor 31 set to the apparatus main body 3 of the non-mydriatic retinal camera of Example 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a layout diagram of an optical system built in the apparatus main body 3 of the non-mydriatic retinal camera of Example 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is an electrical block diagram of a control system built in a device base 1, a gantry 2 and a device body 3 of a non-mydriatic retinal camera according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. It is a flowchart of the autofocus operation
- FIG. 6 is a display example of pseudo split bright lines in the non-mydriatic fundus camera of Embodiment 1 of the present invention (when the auto ON / OFF switch is ON, pseudo display is selected, and two split bright lines of the optical image are detected) ).
- FIG. 6 is a display example of a pseudo-split bright line in the non-mydriatic fundus camera of Embodiment 1 of the present invention (when the auto ON / OFF switch is ON, the pseudo display is selected, and one split bright line of the optical image is detected) ). It is a display example of the pseudo split bright line at the time of focusing in the non-mydriatic fundus camera of Embodiment 1 of the present invention (when the auto ON / OFF switch is ON and the pseudo display is selected). It is explanatory drawing of the gravity center position detection operation
- FIG. 19B is a diagram showing the relationship between the pupil diameter in FIG.
- it is an explanatory diagram of an insertion operation of a small pupil stop (crystal lens stop) and an electric mask to the illumination optical system at the time of small pupil determination.
- FIG. 1 is an external view illustrating a non-mydriatic fundus camera (an example of an ophthalmologic apparatus) according to the first embodiment.
- the non-mydriatic fundus camera refers to a fundus camera that does not use a mydriatic drug, causes mydriatic to some extent in a dark room, and then observes the fundus or takes a photo of the fundus by applying a flash.
- the advantage of this non-mydriatic retinal camera is that there is no visual inconvenience after the examination and the examination is simple, and it is used not only in ophthalmology but also in internal medicine and medical examinations.
- the disadvantage is that only the central part of the retina can be imaged because the mydriasis is insufficient compared to the case of using mydriatic drugs. For this reason, in the case of a small pupil due to diabetic retinopathy or the like, examination is difficult.
- the non-mydriatic fundus camera of the first embodiment includes an apparatus base 1, a gantry 2, an apparatus body 3, a chin rest 4, an external fixation target 5, and a CCD camera 6 for photographing. (Camera), mouse and 10 keyboard 7, printer 8, computer 9, and display 9a.
- the device base 1 is installed horizontally on a device table (not shown), and is provided with a power plug and a plurality of connection terminals.
- the device base 1 includes a power supply unit, a chin rest PCB, a relay PCB, and the like.
- PCB is an abbreviation for Printed Circuit Board, and refers to a printed circuit board on which an IC or the like is mounted.
- the gantry 2 is provided so as to be movable with respect to the device base 1 in the left-right direction, the front-rear direction, and the up-down direction.
- An operation panel 2a, a joystick 2b, a photographing switch 2c, and the like are provided at a position on the examiner side of the gantry unit 2.
- the apparatus body 3 is provided integrally on the upper part of the gantry 2.
- a focusing handle 3 a is provided at a side position of the apparatus main body 3.
- a display 3b (for example, a 6.5-type color liquid crystal display (LCD)), which is a component of the monitor 31 (see FIG. 5), is provided at the examiner side position of the apparatus main body 3.
- LCD is an abbreviation for Liquid Crystal Display.
- the chin rest 4 is provided so that the position in the vertical direction can be adjusted with respect to the device base 1, and contacts the subject's chin and forehead to fix the position of the eye to be examined.
- the chin rest 4 is provided with an external fixation target 5 for fixing the line of sight of the subject.
- the imaging CCD camera 6 is attached to the upper part of the apparatus body 3 and performs flash photography of the fundus using the autoshoot function of the non-mydriatic fundus camera of the first embodiment.
- a commercially available APS digital camera is used as the photographing CCD camera 6.
- the photographing CCD camera 6 is supplied with power from a power supply unit built in the apparatus base 1.
- the mouse and 10 keyboard 7, the printer 8, and the computer 9 are connected to connection terminals provided on the device base 1 via cables.
- the computer 9 is connected to a display 9a that can perform fundus observation on the screen.
- FIG. 2 is a plan view of the operation panel 2a set on the gantry 2 of the non-mydriatic retinal camera of the first embodiment.
- each switch set on the operation panel 2a will be described.
- the operation panel 2a set in the gantry 2 includes a joystick 2b, a photographing switch 2c, a menu switch 201, a split switch 202, a photographing light amount correction switch 203, and an observation light amount correction switch 204.
- the joystick 2b is an operation means for moving the gantry 2 and the apparatus body 3 in the left and right direction (X direction), the up and down direction (Y direction), and the front and rear direction (Z direction) with respect to the apparatus base 1 during manual alignment operation. .
- the joystick 2b is grasped and the joystick 2b is tilted in the left-right direction and the front-rear direction to be moved.
- the frame front / rear detection switch 215 and the frame left / right detection switch 216 are turned on (see FIG. 5).
- the photographing switch 2c is a photographing shutter switch for the fundus provided at the upper end of the joystick 2b.
- the fundus is photographed by the examiner pressing the photographing switch 2c.
- the shooting switch 2c also performs review cancellation and power save cancellation.
- Menu switch 201 turns on / off the menu display on the monitor 31.
- the split switch 202 turns the split target on / off or switches from the split target to the fixed target. This target change is performed in the “SPLIT SWITCH” item of the initial setting menu of the non-mydriatic fundus camera of the first embodiment.
- the photographing light amount correction switch 203 corrects the photographing light amount. From the left in FIG. 2, a photographing light amount minus correction switch, a photographing light amount reset switch, and a photographing light amount plus correction switch.
- the observation light amount correction switch 204 corrects the observation light amount. From the left in FIG. 2, the observation light amount minus correction switch and the observation light amount plus correction switch.
- the chin rest position adjustment switch 205 adjusts the vertical position of the chin rest 4. From the left in FIG. 2, a chin rest downward movement switch and a chin rest upward movement switch.
- the ID input switch 206 is a switch for displaying an ID input screen on the display screen of the monitor 31.
- the image deletion switch 207 is a switch that is turned on when deleting a reviewed photographed image.
- the image reproduction switch 208 reproduces an image photographed by the photographing CCD camera 6 and displays it on the monitor 31 by turning on the switch.
- the image reproduction switch 208 is ON, the image captured one time before is reproduced each time the fixation switch 210 is turned ON, and the image captured one image is reproduced every time the fixation change switch 212 is turned ON.
- the monitor 31 returns to the observation screen.
- the small pupil switch 209 is turned ON / OFF to insert the small pupil stop AP into the illumination optical system or to remove the small pupil stop AP from the illumination optical system.
- the small pupil switch 209 functions independently even when an auto ON / OFF switch 213 (described later) is ON.
- ⁇ is displayed on the monitor 31 screen.
- the photographing mode is set to the digital magnification interlocking mode
- the small pupil switch 209 is turned on (the small pupil aperture AP is inserted into the illumination optical system)
- the data is stored at a photographing field angle of 30 °. Further, when printing is performed in this state, the image is printed at a shooting angle of view of 30 °.
- the small pupil switch 209 also serves as a switch for moving the selection cursor upward when a menu screen or an ID input screen is displayed on the monitor 31.
- the fixation fixation switch 210 switches the internal fixation target to the blinking (lighting) position immediately before the current blinking (lighting) position of the internal fixation target.
- the fixation changing switch 210 also serves as a switch for moving the selection cursor to the left when a menu screen or an ID input screen is displayed on the monitor 31.
- the fixation fixation switch 211 switches the internal fixation target from the blinking (lighting) position of the current internal fixation target to the first blinking (lighting) position.
- the fixation changing switch 211 serves as both a print switch and an enter switch.
- the image displayed on the monitor 31 is printed when the fixation switch 211 is turned ON.
- the fixation change switch 211 is turned ON, printing is stopped.
- an enter switch when the fixation switch 211 is turned ON, selection items and characters are determined on the menu screen and ID input screen.
- the fixation fixation switch 212 switches the internal fixation target to the next blinking (lighting) position of the current blinking (lighting) position of the internal fixation target.
- the fixation changeover switch 212 also serves as a switch for moving the selection cursor to the right when a menu screen or an ID input screen is displayed on the monitor 31.
- Auto ON / OFF switch 213 turns on / off the auto shoot function, auto focus function or auto small pupil function. Here, each function is selected on the menu screen.
- the auto ON / OFF switch 213 also serves as a switch for moving the selection cursor downward when a menu screen or an ID input screen is displayed on the monitor 31.
- the zoom switch 214 is a switch for setting the shooting angle of view to 30 ° or 45 ° in order to perform fundus shooting with two zooms.
- the pseudo target display setting unit 218 displays the pseudo split bright line SL3 displayed on the monitor 31, that is, the pseudo split bright line SL is not displayed on the monitor 31, the same size as the optical image of the split bright line SL.
- This switch switches between a state in which the pseudo-split bright line SLV is superimposed and displayed on the monitor 31 and a state in which the pseudo-split bright line SLV having a size twice that of the optical image of the split bright line SL is superimposed and displayed on the monitor 31.
- FIG. 3 is an image diagram of a display screen displayed on the monitor 31 set in the apparatus main body 3 of the non-mydriatic fundus camera of the first embodiment.
- each display item in the display screen will be described.
- the display items are the patient ID display 301, the captured eye display 302, the xenon charge display 303, the captured light amount correction display 304, the captured image Light level display 305, AUTO display 306, shooting angle of view display 307, fixation position display 308, () scale 309, alignment bright spot AL (310, 310) (alignment target), split bright line SL (311, 311) ( Split eye chart), observation light quantity level display 312, and small pupil stop display 313.
- the split bright lines SL (311, 311) include pseudo split bright lines SLV (311V, 311V).
- Patient ID display 301 displays the ID of a patient who takes a fundus image.
- the photographing eye display 302 displays the eyes (R, L) for which fundus photographing is performed.
- a xenon charge display 303 indicates a charge state of a power source for light emission of a xenon lamp (described later), blinks during charging, and lights when charging is completed.
- the photographing light amount correction display 304 displays a correction amount (+4 to ⁇ 4) of the photographing light amount by the panel switch 217 (see FIG. 5).
- the photographing light quantity level display 305 displays the photographing light quantity (0.8 ws to 45 ws).
- AUTO display 306 is displayed when any of the functions of auto-shoot, auto-focus and auto small pupil switching is ON.
- An angle of view display 307 displays an angle of view to be shot. For example, when digital zooming is set to the small pupil stop interlocking mode, 30 ° is displayed when the small pupil stop is inserted into the illumination optical system.
- the fixation position display 308 displays the fixation position by blinking the selected fixation position.
- Scale 309 is displayed as a position that matches alignment bright spot AL.
- the alignment bright spot AL (310, 310) is displayed as a visual target for adjusting the working distance.
- the split bright lines SL (311 and 311) are displayed as targets for adjusting the diopter of the subject.
- the observation light quantity level display 312 displays the observation light quantity level in five stages.
- the small pupil stop display 313 displays ⁇ when a small pupil stop is inserted in the illumination optical system.
- FIG. 4 is a layout diagram of an optical system built in the apparatus main body 3 of the non-mydriatic fundus camera of the first embodiment.
- the arrangement configuration of the optical system of the non-mydriatic retinal camera will be described.
- the apparatus main body 3 includes an illumination optical system 10 for illuminating the fundus oculi Ef of the eye E, a photographing optical system 20 for photographing the fundus oculi Ef, and observation optics for observing the fundus oculi Ef.
- System 30 an alignment target projection system 40 for performing relative positioning of the apparatus main body 3 with respect to the eye E, and an internal fixation target for fixing the eye E by projecting the fixation target onto the fundus oculi Ef
- a projection system 50 and a split target projection system 60 for focusing the optical system on the fundus oculi Ef are provided.
- the illumination optical system 10 is an illumination optical system that illuminates the fundus Ef with infrared light when observing the fundus oculi Ef of the eye E and illuminates the fundus Ef with visible light when photographing the fundus oculi Ef of the eye E.
- This illumination optical system 10 includes an objective lens 11, a perforated mirror 12, a relay lens 13, a reflection mirror 14, a relay lens 15, a ring aperture plate 16 having a ring aperture 16a maintained in a conjugate relationship with the pupil of the eye E to be examined, It has a xenon lamp 17a as a light source for photographing the fundus oculi Ef, an infrared filter 18, a condenser lens 19, and a halogen lamp 17b as a light source for observing the fundus oculi Ef. Further, the perforated mirror 12 is disposed at a position having a conjugate relationship with the cornea C of the eye E when the distance W (working distance) between the eye E and the objective lens 11 is disposed at an appropriate distance. .
- the photographing optical system 20 is an optical system for photographing the fundus oculi Ef illuminated by the illumination optical system 10 as a still image.
- the photographing optical system 20 includes an objective lens 11, a perforated mirror 12, a focusing lens 21, an imaging lens 22, a reflecting mirror 23, a field lens 24, a reflecting mirror 25, a relay lens 26, and a CCD 6a of the photographing CCD camera 6. Including.
- the observation optical system 30 is an optical system for observing the fundus oculi Ef illuminated by the illumination optical system 10, and is configured to be branched by a quick return mirror 33 from the middle of the optical path of the photographing optical system 20.
- the observation optical system 30 includes a reflection mirror 35, a relay lens 36, and a CCD 37a of the observation CCD camera 37.
- the alignment target projection system 40 is for projecting the alignment bright spot AL, which is an alignment target, toward the eye E to be examined.
- This alignment target projection system 40 includes an LED 41 as an alignment target light source, a light guide 42 that guides the light of the LED 41, a reflecting mirror 44 that reflects light from the light guide 42 and guides it to the two-hole aperture 43, and a relay lens 45.
- a branching half mirror 46, a perforated mirror 12, and an objective lens 11 positioned on the photographing optical system 20 are included.
- the two-hole aperture 43 separates the alignment light flux to form two alignment bright spots AL (310, 310), and projects them onto the eye E.
- the alignment light beam emitted from the emission end 42 a of the light guide 42 is reflected by the reflecting mirror 44 and guided to the two-hole aperture 43.
- the alignment light flux that has passed through the holes 43 a and 43 a of the two-hole aperture 43 is guided to the relay lens 45.
- the alignment light flux that has passed through the relay lens 45 is reflected by the half mirror 46 toward the perforated mirror 12.
- the relay lens 45 temporarily forms an intermediate image of the alignment light beam emitted from the emission end 42a of the light guide 42 at the center position X of the hole 12a of the perforated mirror 12.
- a pair of alignment bright spots 310 and 310 that form an alignment target imaged at the center position X of the hole 12a are guided to the cornea C of the eye E through the objective lens 11.
- the internal fixation target projection system 50 is an optical system that projects an internal fixation target for guiding the central portion of the eye E and its peripheral portion onto the optical axis of the imaging optical system 20, and the observation optical system 30 From the middle of the optical path, the light is branched by a dichroic mirror 53 having the characteristic of transmitting infrared light and reflecting visible light.
- the internal fixation target projection system 50 includes an LED 51, a mask plate 52, and a dichroic mirror 53 as an internal fixation target light source.
- the LED 51 includes, for example, three LEDs arranged in the center and eight LEDs arranged at equal intervals on the circumference around the three LEDs.
- the split target projection system 60 is a split optical line SL projection optical system, and includes a LED 61 as a split target light source and a reflector 62 that reflects light from the LED 61 provided in the optical path of the illumination optical system 10. .
- the reflector 62 is inserted in a position that is optically conjugate with the fundus oculi Ef of the eye E (see, for example, Japanese Patent No. 3696949).
- the focusing lens 21 of the observation optical system 30 and the photographing optical system 20 in the Z direction is arranged so that the reflecting mirror of the reflecting rod 62 and the fundus oculi Ef are always optically conjugate.
- the illumination optical system 10 moves in the optical axis direction.
- the split bright line SL appears to be separated into two in the left-right direction (311, 311).
- the fundus oculi Ef can be focused by aligning the split bright lines SL (311, 311) that appear to be separated into two in the left-right direction.
- FIG. 5 is an electric block diagram showing a control system built in the device base 1, the gantry 2 and the device body 3 of the non-mydriatic fundus camera of the first embodiment.
- the configuration of the control system of the non-mydriatic fundus camera will be described.
- the device base 1 includes a chin rest PCB 101, a chin rest DC motor 102, an LED 103 as an external fixation index light source, an AC power supply plug 104, a fuse 105, an AC power supply switch 106, a switching power supply 107, Includes interface PCB108.
- the interface PCB 108 includes a ten-key PS2 connector 109, a printer USB connector 110, a mouse USB connector 111, and a TOPCON IMAGEnet USB connector 112.
- the gantry 2 includes an imaging switch 2c, a menu switch 201, a split switch 202, an imaging light amount correction switch 203, an observation light amount correction switch 204, a chin rest position adjustment switch 205, an ID input switch 206, a small switch.
- a pupil switch 209, fixation switch 210, 211, 212, auto ON / OFF switch 213, zoom switch 214, frame front / rear detection switch 215, frame left / right detection switch 216, and panel switch 217 are provided.
- the apparatus main body 3 includes a photographing CCD camera 6, a xenon lamp 17a, a halogen lamp 17b, a monitor 31, an observation CCD camera 37, a main body PCB 315, a board computer 316, a data communication PCB 317, a DC power supply PCB 318, A capture board 319 is provided.
- the DC power supply PCB 318 includes a halogen lamp control unit 318a and a xenon lamp control unit 318b.
- the apparatus main body 3 has blink detection PCB 320, green filter detection switch 321, diopter correction lens detection switch 322, lamp house cover detection switch 323, alignment motor drive position as information input means to the main body PCB 315.
- a detection sensor 324, a quick mirror motor drive position detection sensor 325, an autofocus motor (+) drive position detection sensor 326, and an autofocus motor (-) drive position detection sensor 327 are provided.
- the apparatus main body 3 has a cooling fan 328, an alignment motor 330 (alignment actuator), a quick mirror motor 331, an autofocus motor 332 (autofocus actuator) as a control command output means from the main body PCB315.
- the main body PCB 315 and the board computer 316 exchange data by serial communication.
- the main body PCB 315 and the photographing data input PCB 317 exchange data by bidirectional communication.
- the board computer 316 and the imaging data input PCB 317, the board computer 316 and the interface PCB 108, and the imaging data input PCB 317 and the interface PCB 108 perform data exchange by bidirectional communication.
- the main body PCB 315 has the following functions. (1) Various detections by sensors and switches The main body PCB315 is based on each sensor and switch, blink detection, green filter detection, diopter correction lens detection, lamp house cover detection, alignment motor drive position detection, quick mirror motor drive position Detection, auto focus motor drive position detection. (2) Motor drive The main body PCB 315 controls the drive of the alignment motor, quick mirror motor, and autofocus motor. (3) Drive Solenoid Drive The main body PCB 315 performs drive control of the small pupil aperture drive solenoid 333, the anterior segment switching drive solenoid 334, and the reflector driving solenoid 335.
- the main body PCB315 lights and blinks LED336 as a light source for hand illumination, LED41 as a light source for alignment targets, LED51 as a light source for internal fixation targets, and LED61 as a light source for split targets. Control. (5) Reading switch signals The main body PCB 315 reads various switch signals from the gantry 2.
- the board computer 316 (single board computer) has the following functions.
- (1) Direct Print Function The board computer 316 performs direct printing in which an image captured by the imaging CCD camera 6 is directly transferred to the printer 8. Although the PictBridge function is also implemented in the main body of the photographing CCD camera 6, it is necessary to operate the main body of the photographing CCD camera 6 when printing, and the operation procedure becomes complicated. Therefore, the operation is simplified by including a printout function in a series of photographing operations.
- (2) Autofocus function The board computer 316 analyzes the state of the split bright line SL (311, 31) 1 on the video signal obtained from the CCD 37a of the observation CCD camera 37, and performs the autofocus operation of the observation CCD camera 37. Do.
- the autofocus operation can be performed without using an autofocus dedicated computer.
- Autoshoot function automatic flash shooting function
- the board computer 316 analyzes the state of the alignment bright points AL (310, 310) and split bright lines SL (311, 311) on the video signal obtained from the CCD 37a of the observation CCD camera 37, and performs automatic flash photography. Similar to the autofocus function, by executing the video signal analysis in the board computer 316, an autoshoot operation can be performed without using an autoshoot dedicated computer.
- the board computer 316 analyzes the state of the split bright lines SL (311, 311) on the video signal obtained from the CCD 37a of the observation CCD camera 37, and automatically when the non-optimum is the small pupil In addition, an automatic small pupil switching operation for inserting a small pupil stop is performed. Similar to the autofocus function, by executing the analysis of the video signal in the board computer 316, the autoshoot operation can be performed without using a computer dedicated to auto small pupil switching.
- Monitor Display Function The board computer 316 displays an observation image and a photographed image of the observation CCD camera 37 on the monitor 31.
- Pseudo target display function The board computer 316 superimposes and displays the pseudo split target at the position of the split target of the optical image. Further, the pseudo alignment target is superimposed and displayed at the position of the alignment target of the optical image.
- the DC power supply PCB 318 has the following functions. (1) The DC power supply PCB 318 controls the light emission of the halogen lamp 17b by the halogen lamp control unit 318a. (2) The DC power supply PCB 318 controls the light emission of the xenon lamp 17a by the xenon lamp control unit 318b.
- FIG. 6 is a flowchart of the autofocus control operation executed by the board computer 316 of the non-mydriatic fundus camera of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is a flowchart of an autoshoot control operation (including repetition of the autofocus control operation) executed by the board computer 316 of the non-mydriatic fundus camera of the first embodiment.
- step S1 it is determined whether or not the auto ON / OFF switch 213 is ON. If it is determined that the auto ON / OFF switch 213 is ON, the flow proceeds to step S2. On the other hand, if the auto ON / OFF switch 213 is determined to be OFF, the flow repeats the determination in step S1.
- step S2 following the determination in step S1 (determination that the auto ON / OFF switch is ON), it is determined whether or not the observation target has been switched from the anterior segment to the fundus. If it is determined that the observation target has been switched from the anterior segment to the fundus, the flow proceeds to step S30. On the other hand, if it is determined that the observation target remains the anterior eye segment or the fundus oculi, the flow returns to step S1.
- step S30 following the determination in step S2 (determination that the observation target is switched from the anterior segment to the fundus), the split bright line SL pseudo display process is executed according to the flowchart shown in FIG.
- step S3 following the selection of the display state in step S30 (selection without pseudo display of the split bright line SL by the pseudo target display setting unit 218), from the CCD 37a of the observation CCD camera 37 via the capture board 319.
- the obtained fundus observation image is captured for one frame, and the flow proceeds to step S4.
- step S4 following the capturing of the fundus observation image in step S3, the center of gravity position of the split bright line SL is detected in order to perform autofocus with the split bright line SL of the optical image, and the flow proceeds to step S5.
- the center of gravity position of the split bright line SL is detected by setting the center of the region where the luminance is equal to or higher than the threshold in the luminance distribution characteristic of the split bright line SL in the fundus observation image captured in step S3 as the barycentric position.
- step S5 following the detection of the center of gravity position of the split bright line SL in step S4, it is determined whether or not the number of split bright lines SL is 1 or less. If it is determined that the number of split bright lines SL is not 1 or less (2), the flow proceeds to step S6. On the other hand, if it is determined that the number of split bright lines SL is 1 or less, the flow proceeds to step S12.
- the number of split bright lines SL the number of barycentric positions detected using the luminance distribution characteristics in step S4 is used.
- step S6 following the determination of the number of split bright lines SL in step S5 or step S15 described later (determination that the number of split bright lines SL is two), the center of gravity of the two split bright lines SL (311 and 311) The position difference is calculated to determine the driving position of the autofocus motor 332, and the flow proceeds to step S7.
- the motor drive direction as well as the motor drive position is determined by the vertical positional relationship of the left and right split luminescent lines SL (311, 311).
- step S7 following the determination of the motor drive position in step S6, the autofocus motor 332 (focusing motor) is driven at the determined motor drive position and motor drive direction, and the flow proceeds to step S8.
- step S8 following the driving of the autofocus motor 332 in step S7, the fundus observation image from the CCD 37a of the observation CCD camera 37 is captured for one frame via the capture board 319.
- the shift of the two split bright lines SL (311, 311) is recognized in the captured fundus observation image, the shift of the two split bright lines SL (311, 311) is made to match using the autofocus motor 332. Is finely adjusted, and the flow proceeds to step S9.
- step S9 following the fine adjustment of the autofocus in step S8, it is determined whether or not the positions of the two split bright lines SL (311 and 311) are within the in-focus range. If it is determined that the positions of the two split bright lines SL (311, 311) are within the focusing range, the flow proceeds to step S10. On the other hand, if it is determined that the positions of the two split bright lines SL (311, 311) are out of the focusing range, the flow returns to step S3.
- the separation amount of the two split emission lines SL (311, 311) is, for example, ⁇ 0.5D (split separation amount 1/8)
- the positions of the two split emission lines SL (311, 311) are aligned. It is determined that it is within the focal range.
- step S10 following the determination of the position of the split bright line SL in step S9 (determination that the positions of the two split bright lines SL (311, 311) are within the focusing range), the current motor of the autofocus motor 332 The drive position is stored, and the flow moves to step S11.
- step S11 the current motor drive position in step S10 is stored, or the number of split bright lines SL in step S15 is determined (the number of split bright lines SL recognized in the fundus observation image is one. Subsequent to (determination), it is assumed that focusing by the autofocus operation is completed, and the flow proceeds to step S16 for starting the small pupil detection operation and the autoshoot operation.
- step S12 following the determination of the number of split bright lines SL in step S5 (determination that the number of split bright lines SL is 1 or less), it is determined whether the number of split bright lines SL is 1 or 0. If the number of split bright lines SL is 1, the flow moves to step S13. On the other hand, when the number of split bright lines SL is 0, the flow proceeds to step S16 for starting the small pupil detection operation.
- step S13 following the determination of the number of split bright lines SL in step S12 (determination that the number of split bright lines SL is 1), the center of gravity position of the split bright lines SL and scanning at the time of focusing that is set in advance are performed. The difference from the position of the line is calculated, and the flow moves to step S14.
- step S14 following the calculation in step S13 (calculation of the difference between the center of gravity of the split bright line SL and the preset position of the scanning line at the time of focusing), the motor drive position and motor drive direction based on the calculated difference As a result, the autofocus motor 332 (focusing motor) is driven, and the flow proceeds to step S15.
- the motor drive direction is determined depending on which split bright line SL is detected among the left and right split bright lines SL.
- step S15 following the driving of the focusing motor in step S14, the fundus observation image is again captured for one frame, and the number of split bright lines SL recognized in the fundus observation image is determined. If it is determined that the number of split bright lines SL is two, the flow proceeds to step S6. On the other hand, if it is determined that the number of split bright lines SL is 1, the flow proceeds to step S11.
- step S16 completion of focusing in step S11, or determination of the number of split bright lines SL in step S12 (determination of whether the number of split bright lines SL recognized in the fundus observation image is 1 or 0), or Following the match determination of the alignment bright spot AL in step S27 described later (determination that the two alignment bright spots AL do not match), the fundus observation image obtained from the CCD 37a of the observation CCD camera 37 is captured and captured. The center-of-gravity positions of the two alignment bright spots AL are detected from the fundus oculi observation image, and the flow moves to step S17.
- the center-of-gravity position of the alignment bright spot AL is detected, as in the case of the split bright line SL, in the brightness distribution characteristic of the alignment bright spot AL in the captured fundus observation image, the center of gravity of the area where the brightness is equal to or greater than the threshold value. Detect as.
- step S17 following the detection of the barycentric positions of the two alignment bright points AL in step S16, it is determined whether or not the number of split bright lines SL recognized in the fundus observation image is one or less. If it is determined that the number of split bright lines SL is 1 or less (1 or 0), the flow proceeds to step S18. On the other hand, if it is determined that there are two split bright lines 311 and 311, the flow proceeds to step S25.
- step S18 following the determination of the number of split bright lines SL in step S17 (determination that the number of split bright lines SL recognized in the fundus observation image is one or less), the split bright lines recognized in the fundus observation image It is determined whether SL is 1 or 0. If it is determined that there is one split bright line SL, the flow proceeds to step S19. On the other hand, if it is determined that the split bright line SL is 0, the flow proceeds to step S21.
- step S19 following the determination of the number of split bright lines SL in step S18 (determination that there is one split bright line SL), the two alignment bright points AL (310, 310) are defined positions, ie, ( It is determined whether or not it exists inside the scale 309. If it is determined that the two alignment bright points AL (310, 310) are present inside the () scale 309, the flow proceeds to step S20. On the other hand, if it is determined that the two alignment luminescent spots AL (310, 310) exist outside the () scale 309, the flow returns to step S3.
- step S20 following the determination in step S19 (determination that two alignment bright points AL (310, 310) are present in () scale 309), a small pupil stop (lens stop) AP is inserted into the illumination optical system. Then, the flow moves to step S25.
- a small pupil stop AP is inserted into the illumination optical system. For example, at the time of high zoom ratio (angle of view 30 °), a small pupil stop AP is inserted into the illumination optical system so that a pupil diameter of ⁇ 3.3 mm can be photographed.
- an electric mask described later is set as a countermeasure for flare.
- step S21 following the determination of the number of split bright lines SL in step S18 (determination that there is one split bright line SL), a small pupil stop AP is inserted into the illumination optical system in the same manner as in step S20. Moves to step S22.
- step S22 following the insertion of the small pupil aperture AP in step S21, it is determined whether the photographing eye is the right eye or the left eye. If it is determined that the photographing eye is the left eye, the flow proceeds to step S23. On the other hand, when it is determined that the photographed eye is the right eye, the flow proceeds to step S24.
- step S23 following the determination that the photographed eye is the left eye in step S22, a guidance instruction to change the alignment is displayed to the examiner so that even one split bright line SL is included in the left eye image. Then, the flow moves to step S3.
- the guidance instruction is displayed by shifting the () scale 309 by an amount equivalent to 0.5 mm on the left eye image of the subject.
- step S24 following the determination that the photographed eye is the right eye in step S22, a guidance instruction to change the alignment is displayed to the examiner so that even one split bright line SL is included in the right eye image. Then, the flow moves to step S3.
- the guidance instruction is displayed by shifting the () scale 309 by 0.5 mm on the subject's right eye image.
- step S25 following the determination of the number of split bright lines SL in step S17 (determination that there are two split bright lines SL) or the insertion of the small pupil stop AP into the illumination optical system in step S20, 2
- the difference between the center of gravity positions of the two alignment bright points AL is calculated, and the motor driving position by the alignment motor 330 is determined based on the calculated difference between the center of gravity positions, and the flow proceeds to step S26.
- the motor drive direction up / down, left / right, front / rear
- the motor drive position is determined together with the motor drive position based on the positional relationship between the two alignment bright points AL (310, 310) with respect to the () scale 309.
- step S26 following the determination of the motor drive position in step S25, the alignment motor 330 is driven at the determined motor drive position and motor drive direction, and the flow proceeds to step S27.
- step S27 following the driving of the alignment motor 330 in step S26, it is determined whether or not the two alignment bright points AL (310, 310) are matched in the () scale 309. If it is determined that the two alignment bright points AL (310, 310) match within the () scale 309, the flow proceeds to step S28. On the other hand, if it is determined that the two alignment bright points AL (310, 310) do not match in the () scale 309, the flow returns to step S16.
- the coincidence determination between the two alignment luminescent spots AL (310, 310) is, for example, when the difference between the center of gravity positions of the two alignment luminescent spots AL (310, 310) is a predetermined amount (eg, 0.3 mm) or less. Alternatively, when the bright spot separation amount is within a predetermined amount (for example, 1/6), it is determined that the two alignment bright spots AL (310, 310) match.
- step S28 following the alignment determination of the alignment bright spot AL in step S27, it is determined whether or not the final confirmation of the state of the split bright line SL has been completed. If it is determined that the final confirmation of the state of the split bright line SL is complete, the flow proceeds to step S29. On the other hand, if it is determined that the final confirmation of the state of the split bright line SL has not ended, the flow returns to step S3.
- the final confirmation of the state of the split bright line SL is performed when the position of the two split bright lines SL (311 and 311) is within the in-focus range, as in step S9. When it is determined that the two split bright lines SL (311 and 311) are out of the focusing range, it is determined that the final confirmation of the state of the split bright lines SL has not ended.
- step S29 following the determination that the final confirmation of the state of the two split bright lines SL in step S28 has been completed, a fundus photographing operation using an autoshoot function is performed, that is, photographing is performed while automatically emitting the xenon lamp 17a.
- the CCD camera (camera) 6 shutter is released and the flow returns to the start.
- FIG. 8 is a flowchart of a pseudo bright line SL pseudo display process executed in step S30 during the autofocus control operation of the board computer 316 of the non-mydriatic fundus camera of the first embodiment (pseudo display processing means).
- step S301 the pseudo target display setting unit 218 determines whether “not display” is selected for the pseudo display, or “display” or “double size” is selected for the pseudo display. If “not display” is selected, the flow proceeds to step S3 in FIG. On the other hand, when “display” or “double size” is selected, the flow proceeds to step S302.
- step S302 following the selection determination of the pseudo target display setting unit 218 in step S300 (determination that “display” or “double size” is selected by the pseudo target display setting unit 218) ”
- the fundus observation image obtained from the CCD 37a of the observation CCD camera 37 is captured for one frame via the capture board 319, and the flow proceeds to step S303.
- step S303 following the acquisition of the fundus observation image in step S302, the center of gravity position of the split bright line SL is detected, and the flow proceeds to step S304.
- the center-of-gravity position detection of the split bright line SL detects the center of an area where the luminance is equal to or higher than the threshold in the luminance distribution characteristics of the split bright line SL in the acquired fundus observation image as the barycentric position.
- step S304 following the detection of the center of gravity of the split bright line SL in step S303, it is determined whether or not the number of split bright lines SL is one or less. If it is determined that the number of split bright lines SL is two, the flow proceeds to step S305. On the other hand, if it is determined that the number of split bright lines SL is 1 or less, the flow proceeds to step S308.
- the number of split bright lines SL is determined using the number of barycentric positions detected using the luminance distribution characteristics in step S303.
- step S305 subsequent to the determination of the number of split bright lines SL in step S304 (determination that there are two split bright lines SL), it is determined whether or not “double size” is selected by the pseudo target display setting unit 218. Determined. If “display” is selected by the pseudo target display setting unit 218, the flow proceeds to step S306. On the other hand, when “double size” is selected by the pseudo target display setting unit 218, the flow proceeds to step S307.
- step S306 following the determination that “display” is selected in step S305, the split bright line SL (311, 311) is positioned at the position of the split bright line SL (311, 311) detected in step S303.
- the pseudo-split bright line SLV (311V, 311V) having the same size or a slightly larger similar shape is superimposed and displayed, and the flow moves to step S312.
- the color tone of the pseudo split emission line SLV (311V, 311V) is yellow.
- step S307 following the determination that “double size” is selected in step S305, the split bright line SL (311, 311) is positioned at the position of the split bright line SL (311, 311) detected in step S303. 311), a pseudo split bright line SLV (311V, 311V) having a similar shape twice as large as that of 311) is displayed in a superimposed manner, and the flow proceeds to step S312.
- the split bright line SL (311, 311) is 8 pixels wide
- the pseudo split bright line SLV (311V, 311V) is 16 pixels wide.
- the color tone of the pseudo-split bright line SLV (311V, 311V) is yellow.
- step S308 following the determination that the number of split bright lines SL is 1 or less in step S304, it is determined whether the number of split bright lines SL is 1 or 0. If it is determined that the number of split bright lines SL is 1, the flow proceeds to step S309. On the other hand, if it is determined that the number of split bright lines SL is 0, the flow proceeds to step S16 in FIG.
- step S309 following the determination that the number of split bright lines SL in step S308 is one, it is determined whether or not “double size” is selected by the pseudo target display setting unit 218. If “display” is selected by the pseudo target display setting unit 218, the flow proceeds to step S310. On the other hand, if “double size” is selected by the pseudo target display setting unit 218, the flow proceeds to step S311.
- step S310 following the determination that “display” is selected in step S309, the position of one split bright line SL (311) detected in step S303 and the other estimated split bright line
- the pseudo-split bright line SLV (311V, 311V) of the same size as the split bright line SL (311, 311 ') or a slightly larger similar shape is superimposed on the SL (311') position, and the flow is a step.
- the position of the other one of the split bright lines SL (311 ′) is the symmetry axis of the two split bright lines SL (311, 311) at the in-focus position of the preset split bright line SL, and one detected Estimate based on the position of the split bright line SL (311).
- the color tone of the pseudo-split bright line SLV (311V, 311V) is yellow.
- step S311 following the determination that “double size” is selected in step S309, the position of one split emission line SL (311) detected in step S303 and the estimated other one A pseudo-split bright line SLV (311V, 311V) with a similar shape twice as large as the split bright line SL (311, 311 ') is superimposed and displayed at the position of the split bright line SL (311'), and the flow moves to step S312 To do. For example, if the split bright line SL (311, 311 ') is 8 pixels wide, the pseudo split bright line SLV (311V, 311V) is 16 pixels wide. The color tone of the pseudo-split bright line SLV (311V, 311V) is yellow.
- step S312 following the superimposed display of the pseudo-split bright line SLV (311V, 311V) in step S306, step S307, step S310, or step S311, the difference between the center of gravity positions of the two pseudo-split bright lines SLV (311V, 311V) is calculated. Then, the motor drive position by the autofocus motor 332 is determined based on the calculated difference between the center of gravity positions, and the flow moves to step S313.
- the motor drive direction as well as the motor drive position is determined by the vertical positional relationship of the left and right pseudo-split bright lines SLV (311V, 311V).
- step S313 following the determination of the motor drive position in step S312, the autofocus motor 332 (focusing motor) is driven at the determined motor drive position and motor drive direction, and the flow proceeds to step S314.
- step S314 following the driving of the autofocus motor 332 in step S313, it is determined whether or not the positions of the two pseudo-split bright lines SLV (311V, 311V) are within the focusing range. If it is determined that the positions of the two pseudo-split bright lines SLV (311V, 311V) are within the focusing range, the flow proceeds to step S315. On the other hand, if it is determined that the positions of the two pseudo-split bright lines SLV (311V, 311V) are out of the focusing range, the flow returns to step S302.
- the separation amount of the two pseudo-split bright lines SLV (311V, 311V) is, for example, ⁇ 0.5D (split separation amount 1/8)
- the position of the two pseudo-split bright lines SLV (311V, 311V) Is determined to be within the in-focus range.
- step S315 following the determination that the positions of the two pseudo-split bright lines SLV (311V, 311V) in step S314 are within the focusing range, the current motor drive position of the autofocus motor 332 is stored, and the flow is Control goes to step S316.
- step S316 following the storage of the current motor drive position in step S315, it is assumed that focusing is completed by the autofocus operation, and the color tone of the two pseudo split emission lines SLV (311V, 311V) is changed from yellow to green, The flow proceeds to step S16 in FIG. 7 for starting the small pupil detection operation and the autoshoot function operation.
- the operation of the non-mydriatic retinal camera of the first embodiment is a fundus photographing operation by manual operation, an autofocus operation when pseudo display is not selected, an autofocus operation when pseudo display is selected, and two split bright line recognition
- the autoshoot operation at the time, the autoshoot operation at the time of small pupil determination, and the split bright line guiding operation will be described separately.
- FIG. 9A to 9D are explanatory diagrams of fundus photographing operation by manual operation when the auto-ON / OFF switch 213 of the non-mydriatic fundus camera of the first embodiment is OFF.
- FIG. 9A shows a monitor 31 screen that projects the eye to be examined in the center.
- FIG. 9B shows the monitor 31 screen before performing the focusing operation and the alignment operation.
- FIG. 9C shows the monitor 31 screen after performing the focusing operation and the alignment operation.
- FIG. 9D shows a monitor 31 screen on which the photographed fundus image is displayed.
- an operation procedure in the case where the examiner is an expert and performs fundus imaging by manual operation will be described.
- the examiner moves the apparatus main body 3 to the foremost position with the joystick 2b, and instructs the subject who placed his chin on the chin rest 4 to look straight ahead.
- the examiner moves the apparatus main body 3 left and right and up and down with the joystick 2b, and adjusts the position of the apparatus main body 3 so that the eye E is reflected in the center of the observation monitor 3b as shown in FIG. 9A.
- the examiner aligns the () scale 309 with the subject's pupil, and as shown in FIG. 9A, the subject's pupil size is larger than the () scale 309, that is, Check if fundus photography is possible.
- the examiner aligns the two split bright lines SL (311, 311) (see FIG. 9B) in the vertical direction by operating the focusing handle 3a as shown in FIG. 9C. Then, by operating the joystick 2b, as shown in FIG. 9C, two alignment bright points AL (310, 310) are put into the () scale 309.
- the examiner presses the shooting switch 2c provided at the upper end of the joystick 2b, and the xenon lamp With the light emission of 17a, the shutter of the CCD camera (camera) 6 for photography is released, and fundus photography is performed. After the fundus photographing, the photographed fundus image is displayed on the monitor 31 as shown in FIG. 9D.
- the examiner confirms the photographed fundus image and, when performing the next photographing, presses the photographing switch 2c again. As a result of this operation, the screen displayed on the monitor 31 returns to the observation screen. Therefore, the operations (2) to (7) are repeated to perform the next photographing. If it is desired to delete the photographed fundus image after fundus photography, the image deletion switch 207 is pressed while the fundus image is displayed on the monitor 31. By this operation, the fundus image displayed on the monitor 31 is deleted, and the screen displayed on the monitor 31 returns to the observation screen.
- the pseudo-alignment bright spot ALV (310V, 310V) and pseudo-split bright line SLV (311V) are positioned at the detected alignment bright spot AL (310, 310) and split bright line SL (311, 311). , 311V) can be superimposed and displayed on the monitor 31.
- the pseudo alignment bright spot ALV (310V, 310V) and the pseudo split bright line SLV (311V, 311V) are superimposed on the original alignment bright spot AL (310, 310) and split bright line SL (311, 311).
- Alignment adjustment operation by, and focusing operation by pseudo split bright line SLV (311V, 311V) can be performed.
- the displayed target (pseudo-alignment bright point ALV and pseudo-split bright line SLV) is brighter than the original target (alignment bright point AL and split bright line SL), which is an optical image.
- the alignment adjustment operation and the focusing operation are performed while viewing the original target that is an optical image, the alignment adjustment operation and the focusing operation are facilitated.
- FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram of the autofocus operation at the time of automatic fundus photographing when the auto ON / OFF switch 213 of the non-mydriatic fundus camera of the first embodiment is ON and the pseudo display is not selected.
- FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram of the center-of-gravity position detection operation of the split bright line at the time of automatic fundus photographing when the auto ON / OFF switch 213 of the non-mydriatic fundus camera of the first embodiment is ON and pseudo display is not selected.
- an autofocus operation procedure when the examiner is an unskilled person and performs fundus photographing in the automatic fundus photographing mode will be described.
- the autofocus operation in the automatic fundus imaging mode is performed by driving the autofocus motor 332 instead of manual operation by the focusing handle 3a, as shown in FIG. 10, two split bright lines SL (311, 311) separated from each other. Is the operation of aligning
- step S3 the fundus observation image from the CCD 37a of the observation CCD camera 37 is captured by the board computer 316 through the capture board 319 for one frame.
- step S4 the center of gravity position of the split bright line SL is detected for the autofocus operation.
- regions A1 and A2 having the same height as the split emission lines SL (311 and 311) in the captured fundus observation image and wider than the split emission lines SL (311 and 311) are set. Is done. Then, as shown on the right side of FIG. 11, the center of the region where the luminance is equal to or higher than the threshold is detected as the barycentric position in the luminance distribution characteristics of the regions A1 and A2.
- step S6 the difference between the gravity center positions of the two split bright lines SL (311, 311) is calculated (FIG. 11), and the motor drive position by the autofocus motor 332 is determined.
- step S7 the autofocus motor 332 is driven at the determined motor drive position and motor drive direction.
- step S8 when the fundus observation image is once again captured for one frame and a shift between the two split bright lines SL (311, 311) is recognized, the autofocus motor 332 causes the two split bright lines SL (311, 311) to be captured. ) Is finely adjusted in the direction to match the deviation.
- step S9 it is determined whether or not the positions of the two split bright lines SL (311 and 311) are within the focusing range.
- step S9 if it is determined that the positions of the two split bright lines SL (311, 311) are within the focusing range, the process proceeds from step S10 to step S11. In step S11, the focusing is completed. The next small pupil detection operation and autoshoot function operation are started. If it is determined in step S9 that the positions of the two split bright lines SL (311, 311) are outside the focus range, the flow returns to step S3, and the positions of the two split bright lines SL (311, 311) The autofocus operation is repeated until it is determined that is within the in-focus range.
- step S12 it is determined whether the number of split bright lines SL is 1 or 0.
- step S13 the difference between the position of the center of gravity of one split bright line SL (311) and the position of the scanning line at the time of focusing set in advance is calculated.
- step S14 the autofocus motor 332 is driven by the motor drive position and motor drive direction based on the calculated difference.
- step S15 the fundus observation image is again captured for one frame, and it is determined whether there are two split bright lines SL recognized in the fundus observation image.
- step S15 If it is determined in step S15 that there are two (311, 311) split bright lines SL, the process proceeds to step S6, and the autofocus operation based on the two split bright lines SL (311, 311) is executed again. .
- the reason why the number of split bright lines SL is determined again in step S15 is that the focusing error is large when one split bright line SL is used. If it is confirmed in step S15 that there are two split bright lines SL, the focusing error is reduced by performing focusing operation with two split bright lines SL (311 and 311) (steps S6 to S8). Keep it small.
- step S15 If it is determined in step S15 that there is only one split bright line SL, the flow proceeds to step S11, and focusing is completed, and the next small pupil detection operation or autoshoot function operation is started.
- FIG. 12A and 12B are display examples of pseudo-split bright lines when the auto-ON / OFF switch of the non-mydriatic fundus camera of the first embodiment is ON and pseudo display is selected.
- FIG. 12A shows a display example of a pseudo split bright line when two split bright lines SL (311, 311) are detected.
- FIG. 12B shows a display example of a pseudo-split bright line when one split bright line SL (311) is detected.
- FIG. 13 is an explanatory diagram of the autofocus operation at the time of automatic fundus photographing when the auto-ON / OFF switch of the non-mydriatic fundus camera of the first embodiment is ON and the pseudo display is selected.
- FIG. 12A shows a display example of a pseudo split bright line when two split bright lines SL (311, 311) are detected.
- FIG. 12B shows a display example of a pseudo-split bright line when one split bright line SL (311) is detected.
- FIG. 13 is an ex
- the autofocus operation using the pseudo split bright line SLV in the automatic fundus photographing mode is replaced with two pseudo-separated pseudo drives by driving the autofocus motor 332 instead of manual operation by the focusing handle 3a as shown in FIG. This is an operation to align the split bright lines SLV (311V, 311V) in the vertical direction.
- the power switch is turned on by the examiner, the auto ON / OFF switch 213 is turned on, the object to be imaged is switched from anterior ocular segment imaging to fundus imaging, and the pseudo target display setting unit 218 “display” or “size” When “double” is selected, the process proceeds from step S1 to step S2 to step S30 in the flowchart of FIG. 6, and the split bright line SL pseudo display process shown in the flowchart of FIG. 8 is executed.
- step S301 When “display” is selected by the pseudo target display setting unit 218 and there are two split bright lines SL (311 and 311), the flow is step S301 ⁇ step S302 ⁇ step S303 ⁇ step S304 in the flowchart of FIG. ⁇ Proceed to step S305 ⁇ step S306.
- step S306 the split bright line SL (311, 311) detected in step S303 has a similar shape slightly larger than the split bright line SL (311, 311), for example, as shown in FIG. 12A.
- the yellow pseudo-split bright line SLV (311V, 311V) is superimposed and displayed.
- step S301 When “double size” is selected by the pseudo target display setting unit 218 and there are two split bright lines SL (311 and 311), the flow is step S301 ⁇ step S302 ⁇ step S303 ⁇ The process proceeds from step S304 to step S305 to step S307.
- step S307 the yellow color of the split bright line SL (311, 311) detected in step S303 has a similar shape twice as large as the split bright line SL (311, 311) in the optical image.
- Split bright lines SLV (311V, 311V) are superimposed and displayed.
- step S301 When “display” is selected by the pseudo target display setting unit 218 and there is one split bright line SL (311), the flow is step S301 ⁇ step S302 ⁇ step S303 ⁇ step S304 ⁇ step in the flowchart of FIG.
- the process proceeds from S308 to step S309 to step S310.
- step S310 the position of one split bright line SL (311) detected in step S303 and the position of another split bright line SL (311 ′) estimated based on the in-focus position, for example, FIG.
- yellow pseudo split bright lines SLV (311V, 311V) are superimposed and displayed in a similar shape slightly larger than the split bright lines SL (311, 311 ′).
- step S301 When “double size” is selected by the pseudo target display setting unit 218 and there is one split bright line SL (311), the flow is step S301 ⁇ step S302 ⁇ step S303 ⁇ step S304 in the flowchart of FIG. Step S308 ⁇ Step S308 ⁇ Step S309 ⁇ Step S311.
- step S311 the split bright line SL (311) is located at the position of one split bright line SL (311) detected in step S303 and the other split bright line SL (311 ′) estimated based on the in-focus position. 311 and 311 ′), and the yellow pseudo-split bright line SLV (311V, 311V) is superimposed and displayed in a similar shape twice as large as that of 311 ′.
- step S312 the difference between the gravity center positions of the two pseudo-split bright lines SLV (311V, 311V) is calculated (FIG. 14), and the motor drive position by the autofocus motor 332 is determined.
- step S313 the autofocus motor 332 is driven at the determined motor drive position and motor drive direction.
- step S314 it is determined whether or not the positions of the two pseudo-split bright lines SLV (311V, 311V) are within the focusing range.
- step S314 If it is determined in step S314 that the positions of the two pseudo-split bright lines SLV (311V, 311V) are within the focusing range, the flow proceeds from step S315 to step S316, and focusing is completed in step S316. As shown in FIG. 13, the color of the pseudo split bright line SLV (311V, 311V) changes from yellow to green, and the next small pupil detection operation or autoshoot function operation is started.
- step S314 If it is determined in step S314 that the positions of the two pseudo-split bright lines SLV (311V, 311V) are out of the focus range, the flow returns to step S302, and the positions of the two pseudo-split bright lines SLV (311V, 311V) are The autofocus operation is repeated until it is determined that the focus range is reached.
- step S312 the difference between the gravity center positions of the two pseudo-split bright lines SLV (311V, 311V) is calculated.
- the regions A1 ′ and A2 ′ having the same height as the superimposed pseudo split bright lines SLV (311V and 311V) and wider than the pseudo split bright lines 311V and 311V are set. Is done.
- the center of the region where the luminance is equal to or higher than the threshold is detected as the barycentric position.
- the luminance distribution characteristics of A2 ' show the characteristics of the pulse wave shape where the boundary between the high luminance part and the low luminance part is clear. Therefore, the calculation of the difference between the centroid positions of the two pseudo-split bright lines SLV (311V, 311V) is easier and more reliable than the calculation of the difference between the centroid positions of the split optical lines SL (311, 31) of the two optical images. . In other words, the position detection accuracy by the pseudo split bright line SLV (311V, 311V) is higher than the position detection accuracy of the split bright line SL (311, 311) of the optical image.
- FIG. 15A to 15E are classification diagrams of the state of the alignment bright spot AL during automatic fundus photographing when the auto-ON / OFF switch of the non-mydriatic fundus camera of the first embodiment is ON.
- FIG. 15A shows a state where there is no alignment bright spot AL in the () scale 309.
- FIG. 15B shows a state where there is one (310) alignment luminescent spot AL in the () scale 309.
- FIG. 15C shows a state in which two alignment bright points AL (310, 310) exist in the () scale 309 at a distance.
- FIG. 15D shows a state in which two alignment bright points AL (310, 310) are present in the () scale 309.
- FIG. 15A to 15E are classification diagrams of the state of the alignment bright spot AL during automatic fundus photographing when the auto-ON / OFF switch of the non-mydriatic fundus camera of the first embodiment is ON.
- FIG. 15A shows a state where there is no alignment bright spot AL in the ()
- FIG. 15E shows a state in which two alignment bright points AL (310, 310) exist in the () scale 309.
- FIG. 16 is an explanatory diagram of setting of the detection region of the alignment bright spot in the automatic alignment operation at the time of automatic fundus photographing when the auto-ON / OFF switch of the non-mydriatic fundus camera of the first embodiment is ON.
- FIG. 17 is an explanatory diagram of the center-of-gravity position detection of the alignment bright spot AL in the auto-alignment operation at the time of automatic fundus photographing when the auto-ON / OFF switch of the non-mydriatic fundus camera of Example 1 is ON.
- the auto-shoot operation at the time of recognition of two split bright lines which is executed following the auto-focus operation, will be described.
- the auto-shoot operation in the automatic fundus shooting mode means that the fundus shooting is automatically performed when the focusing condition and alignment alignment condition are met, following the auto-focus operation and auto-alignment operation by motor drive control. An action to be performed.
- step S11 of FIG. 6 when the focusing is completed in step S11 of FIG. 6 or the focusing is completed in step S316 of FIG. 8, and two split bright lines SL (311 and 311) are recognized, the flow In the flowchart of FIG. 7, the process proceeds from step S16 ⁇ step S17 ⁇ step S25 ⁇ step S26 ⁇ step S27.
- step S16 the barycentric positions of the two alignment bright spots AL (310, 310) are detected.
- step S17 it is determined whether or not the number of detected split bright lines SL is one or less.
- step S25 the difference between the center of gravity positions of the two alignment bright points AL (310, 310) is calculated according to the determination that the split bright lines SL are two (311, 311) in step S17, and the motor by the alignment motor 330 is calculated.
- the drive position is determined.
- step S26 alignment motor 330 is driven at the determined motor drive position and motor drive direction.
- step S27 it is determined whether or not the two alignment luminescent spots AL (310, 310) match within the () scale 309.
- the alignment bright spot AL is located in a state where the alignment bright spot AL does not exist in the scale 309 (FIG. 15A), and the alignment bright spot AL (310) is present in the scale 309. State where one exists (FIG. 15B), () Two alignment luminescent spots AL (310, 310) exist in the scale 309 apart (FIG. 15C), () Two alignment luminescent spots AL within the scale 309 (310, 310) A state in which the eyelid is present at a close position (FIG. 15D), and a state (FIG. 15E) in which two alignment bright points AL (310, 310) are present within the scale 309. .
- the detection area of the alignment bright spot AL includes () an area A for detecting the alignment bright spot AL located in the scale 309 (area surrounded by the horizontal width a and the vertical width c), and ( ) Divided into an area B (area surrounded by the horizontal width b and the vertical width c) for detecting the alignment bright spot AL located outside the scale 309.
- the area B is not used except when an alignment bright spot AL is detected in the area A.
- Detecting method of alignment bright spot AL is as follows. First, as shown in FIG. 17, the area A is divided into four in the vertical direction by three horizontal lines. Next, for each divided region, pixel values are integrated in the vertical direction, and four waveforms indicating a luminance distribution are obtained. Next, in each waveform, the width of the portion where the waveform value is equal to or greater than a preset threshold value is calculated. Then, among the calculated widths, the maximum width is set as the width of the alignment bright spot AL (310). If the maximum width is within a preset range, the divided region where the waveform having the maximum width is obtained is set as the position of the alignment bright spot AL (310). Then, in the region B (see the lower diagram of FIG.
- the alignment bright spot AL is similarly detected. If no other alignment bright spot AL is detected in the region B, the alignment bright spot AL is one in the () scale 309, and the two alignment bright spots AL (310, 310) are in a state of matching. It is regarded.
- step S25 based on the positional relationship between the two alignment bright points AL (310, 310) with respect to the () scale 309, the motor drive direction (up / down, left / right, front / rear) is also determined.
- step S26 alignment motor 330 is driven at the motor drive position and motor drive direction determined in step S25. If it is determined in step S27 that the two alignment bright points AL (310, 310) do not match within the () scale 309, the flow is step S16 ⁇ step S17 ⁇ The flow of step S25 ⁇ step S26 ⁇ step S27 is repeated.
- step S27 If it is determined in step S27 that the two alignment bright points AL (310, 310) match within the () scale 309, the flow proceeds to step S28, and the final confirmation of the state of the split bright line SL is performed. It is determined whether or not the processing has ended. If it is determined in step S28 that the final confirmation of the state of the split bright line SL has not been completed (the positions of the two split bright lines SL (311, 311) are out of the focus range), the flow returns to step S3, The autofocus operation is executed again.
- step S28 fundus photography is performed by an auto-shoot function that automatically releases the xenon lamp 17a and the shutter of the photographing CCD camera (camera) 6 and the flow returns to the start.
- the auto-shoot operation is as follows: 1) The focus state is within ⁇ 0.5D in auto-focus, and 2) the alignment state is within 0.5 mm in the XY direction on the eye to be examined and 0.3 Z in the Z direction on the eye to be examined. Satisfying within mm is an execution condition.
- FIG. 18A and 18B are explanatory diagrams of a state in which two split bright lines SL (311 and 311) are projected on the monitor 31 of the non-mydriatic fundus camera of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 18A shows an observation image of the monitor 31 when the pupil diameter of the eye E is 4 mm or more and the two alignment bright points AL (310, 310) match.
- FIG. 18B is a relationship diagram between the pupil diameter and the optical path of the split bright line in FIG. 18A.
- 19A and 19B are explanatory diagrams of a state in which one split bright line (311) is projected on the monitor 31 of the non-mydriatic fundus camera of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 19A shows an observation image of the monitor 31 when the pupil diameter of the eye E is within 4 mm and the two alignment bright points AL (310, 310) match.
- FIG. 19B is a relationship diagram between the pupil diameter and the optical path of the split bright line in FIG. 19A.
- FIG. 20 is an explanatory diagram of the insertion operation of the small pupil stop (crystal lens stop) AP and the electric mask when the small pupil is determined by the non-mydriatic fundus camera of the first embodiment.
- the small pupil imaging operation in the automatic fundus imaging mode means that even when the eye E is a small pupil, the auto-shooting operation that automatically shoots the fundus by flashing is performed. This is an operation of automatically inserting the small pupil stop AP into the illumination optical system.
- step S18 it is determined whether the number of split bright lines SL recognized in the fundus observation image is one or zero.
- step S19 following the determination that there is one split luminescent line SL in step S18, it is determined whether or not the two alignment luminescent spots AL are present at a prescribed position, that is, inside the () scale 309.
- step S20 following the determination that the two alignment bright points AL exist in the () scale 309 in step S19, a small pupil stop (lens stop) AP is inserted into the illumination optical system.
- the two alignment bright points AL (310, 310) match (the eye E and the imaging optical system are in an appropriate positional relationship) and the pupil diameter of the eye E is not a small pupil (for example, 4 mm or more) 18B
- the two split bright lines SL (311, 311) pass through the pupil of the eye E, and the two split bright lines SL (311, 311) are displayed on the monitor 31 as shown in FIG. 18A. It is.
- FIG. 19B when the two alignment bright points AL (310, 310) match and the pupil diameter of the eye E is a small pupil (for example, within 4 mm), as shown in FIG. 19B, one split bright line SL Only (311) passes through the pupil of the eye E, and one split bright line SL (311) is displayed on the monitor 31 as shown in FIG. 19A.
- the two alignment bright points AL (310, 310) do not match (the eye E and the imaging optical system are not in an appropriate positional relationship)
- FIG. 19B only one split bright line SL (311) passes through the pupil of the eye E, and one split bright line SL (311) is displayed on the monitor 31 as shown in FIG. 19A.
- the fundus Ef is obtained when the light amount determined based on the fact that the eye E is not a small pupil (the pupil diameter is 4 mm or more) is used for fundus photography.
- the incident light is too strong and flare or the like occurs, so that a clear fundus image cannot be taken.
- a small pupil stop (lens stop) AP that suppresses the amount of incident light reaching the fundus oculi Ef is automatically inserted into the illumination optical system.
- a clear fundus image can be taken.
- a small pupil aperture AP can be inserted to enable imaging up to a pupil diameter of ⁇ 3.3 mm.
- a small pupil aperture AP is inserted, and an electric mask is inserted in a range indicated by a thick solid line ring in FIG. 20 as a countermeasure against flare.
- FIG. 20 together with the electric mask when the angle of view is 30 °, the photographing range when the angle of view is 30 ° is rectangular, and the electric mask when the angle of view is 45 ° is shown with a thin line ring. .
- step S20 After inserting the small pupil stop AP into the illumination optical system in step S20, the flow proceeds to step S25 ⁇ step S26 ⁇ step S27, even if the eye E is a small pupil, without pressing the photographing switch 2c,
- the fundus photographing is performed by an auto-shoot operation in which the shutter of the photographing CCD camera (camera) 6 is automatically released together with the emission of the xenon lamp 17a.
- split emission line induction effect For example, when the eye E is a small pupil and the split bright line SL is not projected on the monitor 31, the autofocus operation performed using at least one split bright line SL cannot be performed, and the autoshoot The function does not work.
- step S21 following the determination that the split bright line SL is zero in step S18, the small pupil stop AP is inserted into the illumination optical system, as in step S20. That is, when the split bright line is not projected on the monitor 31, the pupil diameter of the eye E to be examined can be estimated to be a small pupil (for example, within 4 mm). A small pupil aperture AP is inserted into the system.
- step S22 it is determined whether the photographing eye is the right eye or the left eye. If it is determined that the imaging eye is the left eye, the flow proceeds to step S23, and a guidance instruction to change the alignment is monitored to the examiner so that even one split bright line SL is positioned in the left eye. Is displayed at 31, and the flow proceeds to step S3.
- the guidance instruction is displayed by moving the () scale 309 by an amount corresponding to 0.5 mm on the left eye of the subject.
- step S24 a guidance instruction to change the alignment is made to the examiner so that even one split bright line SL is positioned in the right eye. Is displayed on the monitor 31, and the flow proceeds to step S3.
- the guidance instruction is displayed by moving the () scale 309 by an amount corresponding to 0.5 mm on the right eye of the subject.
- the examiner can display at least one split emission line SL on the monitor 31 by the split emission line guiding operation. Is directed to change the alignment. For this reason, when performing fundus imaging in the automatic fundus imaging mode, if the examiner confirms the movement of the scale 309, the examiner should ensure that the eye is aligned with the non-mydriatic fundus camera. By correcting the alignment of the eye to be examined, at least one split bright line SL is displayed on the monitor 31. Therefore, execution of the autofocus operation and the autoshoot operation performed using one or two split bright lines SL is guaranteed.
- the imaging optical system 20 that captures the imaging target portion (fundus Ef) of the eye E, the illumination optical system 10 that illuminates the eye E, and the imaging optical system 20 as the imaging target portion Ef of the eye E
- Alignment vision which is an optical image target for aligning the split optical target projection optical system 60 for projecting the split visual target SL, which is an optical image target for focusing, and the photographing optical system 20 with respect to the eye E
- An alignment target projection optical system 40 that projects the target AL
- an observation optical system 30 that displays on the monitor 31 the imaging target portion (fundus Ef) of the eye E and the optical images of the split target SL and the alignment target AL.
- the observation video signal output from the observation optical system 30 is detected, and the position of at least one of the split target SL and the alignment target AL in the observation video signal is detected, and the monitor 31 performs pseudo-viewing based on the detected position.
- Pseudo-target display processing unit (Baud The computer 316), with a. Therefore, regardless of the display state of the optical image target, it is possible to easily perform the alignment adjustment operation and the focusing operation in the case of manual operation, and to the non-mydriatic fundus camera in the case of automatic operation. Positioning and focusing of eye E can be performed reliably.
- the pseudo target display processing unit (board computer 316) detects the position of at least one of the split target SL and the alignment target AL in the observation video signal, and superimposes the pseudo target on the detected position. Displayed on the monitor 31.
- an alignment adjustment operation and a focusing operation can be performed using a pseudo-target with the same operation procedure as in the past.
- the displayed pseudo target is easier to identify than the optical image target, and the visibility of the target is improved. For this reason, compared with the case where an optical image target is used, an operation for matching two targets is facilitated.
- a pseudo target that is easier to identify than the target optical image is displayed on the monitor 31, so that the position detection performance by the pseudo target is higher than the position detection performance by the optical image target. Become.
- a pseudo target display setting unit 218 for setting whether or not to display the pseudo target on the monitor 31 is provided, and the pseudo target display processing unit (board computer 316) sets the pseudo target display setting unit 218. Based on the above, the pseudo target is displayed. Therefore, whether or not to display the pseudo target on the monitor can be freely selected according to the skill level of the examiner, the pupil diameter of the eye E, and the like.
- the pseudo target display setting unit 218 is configured to display a pseudo target on the monitor 31, to display a pseudo target having the same level as the optical image target on the monitor 31, and It is possible to select a setting for displaying a pseudo target of twice the size on the monitor 31. For this reason, when the pseudo target is displayed on the monitor 31, the size of the pseudo target to be displayed can be selected according to the skill level of the examiner, the examiner's preference, and the like.
- the pseudo target is a pseudo split target SLV that is superimposed on the split target SL, which is an optical image target, and the pseudo target display processing unit (board computer 316) is detected in the observation video signal.
- the position of the other split target SL (311 ') is calculated based on the preset focus position and detected in the observation video signal.
- the pseudo split target SLV is superimposed on the position of the split target SL (311) and the calculated position of the other split target SL (311 ′) and displayed on the monitor 31. Therefore, when the eye E is a small pupil, the focusing operation can be easily performed while viewing the two pseudo split indexes SLV displayed on the monitor 31. In addition, with the two pseudo split indicators SLV, focusing by the autofocus operation can be achieved quickly and reliably.
- the pseudo target display processing unit (board computer 316) changes the color of the pseudo split target SLV when the focusing of the photographing optical system 20 is completed. Therefore, the completion of focusing can be confirmed by the color change of the pseudo split target SLV displayed on the monitor.
- the photographing optical system 20 includes a camera (flash CCD camera 6) having a flash photographing function for photographing the photographing target portion Ef of the eye E, and the photographing optical system 20 for the E eye to be examined by the alignment target AL. And the focusing operation of the eye E of the imaging optical system 20 to the imaging target portion Ef using the split target SL are completed, and the accuracy of the positioning operation and the focusing operation is within a predetermined range. And an automatic photographing control unit (board computer 316) that performs flash photographing operation of the photographing target portion Ef by the camera (the photographing CCD camera 6). Therefore, focusing is completed in a short time regardless of the display state of the split target SLV of the optical image, and a quick automatic flash photographing operation is performed.
- a camera flash CCD camera 6
- the automatic imaging control unit (board computer 316) has one split target SL detected in the observation video signal and two alignment targets AL within a predetermined range in the observation video signal. In this case, it is determined that the eye E is a small pupil, and the small pupil stop AP is inserted into the illumination optical system 10 before performing the flash photographing operation. For this reason, even if the eye E is a small pupil, automatic imaging is performed.
- the ophthalmologic apparatus of the present invention has been described based on the first embodiment. However, the specific configuration is not limited to the first embodiment, and it does not depart from the gist of the invention according to each claim of the claims. Design changes and additions are allowed.
- the pseudo target display setting unit 218 is used as the pseudo display switching unit.
- a pseudo display selection screen may be displayed on a monitor by a menu operation, and the pseudo display may be selected on this selection screen.
- Example 1 two split bright lines SL (311, 311) are used as split targets, and the state in which the two split bright lines SL (311, 311) are aligned in the vertical direction is referred to as the in-focus completed state.
- the split target may have various shapes other than a square.
- a state in which a plurality of split targets are aligned in the horizontal direction may be set as an in-focus state.
- Example 1 two circular alignment bright points AL (310, 310) are used as alignment targets, and the two alignment bright points AL (310, 310) match at the center position of the () scale 309.
- the state is the alignment adjustment completed state.
- the alignment target may have various shapes other than a circular shape.
- a state in which a plurality of alignment targets are matched with a predetermined position on a scale display having a shape other than () scale 309 may be set as an alignment adjustment completion state.
- autofocus operation control is preceded and then autoalignment operation control is performed.
- the auto alignment operation control may be preceded, followed by the auto focus operation control.
- the auto alignment operation control and the auto focus operation control may be performed simultaneously.
- the first embodiment an example is shown in which only the split bright line SL that is a split target is displayed in a pseudo manner.
- only the alignment bright spot AL that is the alignment target may be displayed in a pseudo manner, or both the split bright line SL and the alignment bright spot AL may be displayed in a pseudo manner.
- any example in which at least one of the split target and the alignment target is pseudo-displayed is included in the present invention.
- the present invention is also applied to other ophthalmologic apparatuses that require the focusing operation and the alignment adjustment operation. can do.
- the present invention can be applied to any ophthalmologic apparatus including a split target projection optical system, an alignment target projection optical system, and an observation optical system.
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Abstract
Description
2 架台部
2a 操作パネル
2b ジョイスティック
2c 撮影スイッチ
209 小瞳孔スイッチ
213 オートON/OFFスイッチ
218 擬似視標表示設定部
3 装置本体
3a 合焦ハンドル
3b ディスプレイ
31 モニタ
37 観察用CCDカメラ
309 ()スケール
310、310、AL アライメント輝点(アライメント視標)
311、311、SL スプリット輝線(スプリット視標)
311V、311V、SLV 擬似スプリット輝線(擬似スプリット視標)
313 小瞳孔絞り表示
315 本体PCB
316 ボードコンピュータ(擬似視標表示処理部、自動撮影制御部)
317 撮影データ入力PCB
318 DC電源PCB
319 キャプチャボード
324 アライメントモータ駆動位置検知センサ
325 クイックミラーモータ駆動位置検知センサ
326 オートフォーカスモータ(+)駆動位置検知センサ
327 オートフォーカスモータ(-)駆動位置検知センサ
330 アライメントモータ(アライメントアクチュエータ)
332 オートフォーカスモータ(オートフォーカスアクチュエータ)
333 小瞳孔絞り駆動ソレノイド
334 前眼部切換え駆動ソレノイド
335 反射棒駆動ソレノイド
4 顎受け
5 外部固視標
6 撮影用CCDカメラ(カメラ)
7 マウス/10キーボード
8 プリンタ
9 パーソナルコンピュータ
9a PC用モニタ
10 照明光学系
17a キセノンランプ
17b ハロゲンランプ
20 撮影光学系
30 観察光学系
40 アライメント視標投影光学系
41 アライメント視標用LED
50 内部固視標投影光学系
51 部固視標用LED
60 スプリット視標投影光学系
61 プリット視標用LED
AP 小瞳孔絞り
E 被検眼
Ef 眼底(撮影対象部分)
(1)センサおよびスイッチによる各種検知
本体PCB315は、各センサおよびスイッチに基づいて、瞬き検知、グリーンフィルタ検知、視度補正レンズ検知、ランプハウスカバー検知、アライメントモータ駆動位置検知、クイックミラーモータ駆動位置検知、オートフォーカスモータ駆動位置検知を行う。
(2)モータの駆動
本体PCB315は、アライメントモータ、クイックミラーモー、オートフォーカスモータの駆動制御を行う。
(3)駆動ソレノイドの駆動
本体PCB315は、小瞳孔絞り駆動ソレノイド333、前眼部切換え駆動ソレノイド334、反射棒駆動ソレノイド335の駆動制御を行う。
(4)LEDの点灯
本体PCB315は、手元照明用光源としてのLED336、アライメント視標用光源としてのLED41、内部固視標用光源としてのLED51、スプリット視標用光源としてのLED61の点灯、点滅を制御する。
(5)スイッチ信号の読み込み
本体PCB315は、架台部2からの各種スイッチ信号の読み込みを行う。
(1)ダイレクトプリント機能
ボードコンピュータ316は、撮影用CCDカメラ6で撮影した画像をプリンタ8へ直接転送するダイレクトプリントを行う。撮影用CCDカメラ6の本体にもピクトブリッジ機能は実装されているが、印刷する際に撮影用CCDカメラ6の本体を操作する必要があり、操作手順が複雑になる。そこで、一連の撮影操作の中にプリントアウト機能を含めることにより、操作を簡略化する。
(2)オートフォーカス機能
ボードコンピュータ316は、観察用CCDカメラ37のCCD37aから得られる映像信号上のスプリット輝線SL(311、31)1の状態を解析し、観察用CCDカメラ37のオートフォーカス動作を行う。映像信号の解析をボードコンピュータ316において実行することにより、オートフォーカス専用コンピュータを使用することなくオートフォーカス動作を行うことができる。
(3)オートシュート機能(自動フラッシュ撮影機能)
ボードコンピュータ316は、観察用CCDカメラ37のCCD37aから得られる映像信号上のアライメント輝点AL(310、310)とスプリット輝線SL(311、311)の状態を解析し、自動フラッシュ撮影を行う。上記オートフォーカス機能と同様に、映像信号の解析をボードコンピュータ316において実行することにより、オートシュート専用コンピュータを使用することなくオートシュート動作を行うことができる。
(4)オート小瞳孔切換え機能
ボードコンピュータ316は、観察用CCDカメラ37のCCD37aから得られる映像信号上のスプリット輝線SL(311、311)の状態を解析し、非検眼が小瞳孔の場合、自動的に小瞳孔絞りを挿入するオート小瞳孔切換え動作を行う。上記オートフォーカス機能と同様に、映像信号の解析をボードコンピュータ316において実行することにより、オート小瞳孔切換え専用コンピュータを使用することなくオートシュート動作を行うことができる。
(5)モニタ表示機能
ボードコンピュータ316は、観察用CCDカメラ37の観察像及び撮影像を、モニタ31に表示する。
(6)擬似視標表示機能
ボードコンピュータ316は、光学像のスプリット視標の位置に、擬似スプリット視標を重畳表示する。また、光学像のアライメント視標の位置に、擬似アライメント視標を重畳表示する。
(1) DC電源PCB318は、ハロゲンランプ制御部318aにより、ハロゲンランプ17bの発光を制御する。
(2) DC電源PCB318は、キセノンランプ制御部318bにより、キセノンランプ17aの発光を制御する。
図9A~Dは、実施例1の無散瞳眼底カメラのオートON/OFFスイッチ213がOFFの場合の、手動操作による眼底撮影動作の説明図である。図9Aは、中央に被検眼を映し出したモニタ31画面を示す。図9Bは、合焦操作とアライメント操作を行う前のモニタ31画面を示す。図9Cは、合焦操作とアライメント操作を行った後のモニタ31画面を示す。図9Dは、撮影した眼底画像を表示したモニタ31画面を示す。以下、例えば、検者が熟練者であり、手動操作により眼底撮影を行う場合の操作手順を説明する。
図10は、実施例1の無散瞳眼底カメラのオートON/OFFスイッチ213がONで、擬似表示が選択されない場合の、自動眼底撮影時におけるオートフォーカス動作の説明図である。図11は、実施例1の無散瞳眼底カメラのオートON/OFFスイッチ213がONで、擬似表示が選択されない場合の、自動眼底撮影時におけるスプリット輝線の重心位置検出動作の説明図である。以下、例えば、検者が非熟練者であり、自動眼底撮影モードにより眼底撮影を行う場合のオートフォーカス動作手順を説明する。
図12A、Bは、実施例1の無散瞳眼底カメラのオートON/OFFスイッチがONで、擬似表示が選択された場合の擬似スプリット輝線の表示例である。図12Aは、2つのスプリット輝線SL(311、311)が検出された場合の擬似スプリット輝線の表示例を示す。図12Bは、1つのスプリット輝線SL(311)が検出された場合の擬似スプリット輝線の表示例を示す。図13は、実施例1の無散瞳眼底カメラのオートON/OFFスイッチがONで、擬似表示が選択された場合の、自動眼底撮影時におけるオートフォーカス動作の説明図である。図14は、実施例1の無散瞳眼底カメラのオートON/OFFスイッチがONで、擬似表示が選択された場合の、自動眼底撮影時における擬似スプリット輝線SLV(311V、311V)の重心位置検出動作の説明図である。以下、例えば、検者が非熟練者で、擬似スプリット輝線SLVの表示が選択され、自動眼底撮影モードにより眼底撮影を行う場合のオートフォーカス動作手順を説明する。
図15A~Eは、実施例1の無散瞳眼底カメラのオートON/OFFスイッチがONでの自動眼底撮影時におけるアライメント輝点ALの状態の分類図である。図15Aは、()スケール309内にアライメント輝点ALが存在しない状態を示す。図15Bは、()スケール309内にアライメント輝点ALが1つ(310)存在する状態を示す。図15Cは、()スケール309内に2つのアライメント輝点AL(310、310)が離れた位置で存在する状態を示す。図15Dは、()スケール内309に2つのアライメント輝点AL(310、310)が近い位置で存在する状態を示す。図15Eは、()スケール309内で2つのアライメント輝点AL(310、310)が合致して存在する状態を示す。図16は、実施例1の無散瞳眼底カメラのオートON/OFFスイッチがONでの自動眼底撮影時における、オートアライメント動作でのアライメント輝点の検出領域の設定の説明図である。図17は、実施例1の無散瞳眼底カメラのオートON/OFFスイッチがONでの自動眼底撮影時における、オートアライメント動作でのアライメント輝点ALの重心位置検出の説明図である。以下、上記オートフォーカス動作に引き続き実行される、2つのスプリット輝線認識時におけるオートシュート動作を説明する。
図18A、Bは、実施例1の無散瞳眼底カメラのモニタ31にスプリット輝線SLが2つ(311、311)映し出されている状態の説明図である。図18Aは、被検眼Eの瞳孔径が4mm以上で2つのアライメント輝点AL(310、310)が合致している場合のモニタ31の観察像を示す。図18Bは、図18Aにおける瞳孔径とスプリット輝線の光路の関係図である。図19A、Bは、実施例1の無散瞳眼底カメラのモニタ31にスプリット輝線が1つ(311)映し出されている状態の説明図である。図19Aは、被検眼Eの瞳孔径が4mm以内で2つのアライメント輝点AL(310、310)が合致している場合のモニタ31の観察像を示す。図19Bは、図19Aにおける瞳孔径とスプリット輝線の光路の関係図である。図20は、実施例1の無散瞳眼底カメラの小瞳孔判定時における小瞳孔絞り(水晶体絞り)APと電気的マスクの挿入動作の説明図である。
例えば、被検眼Eが小瞳孔であって、モニタ31にスプリット輝線SLが映し出されない場合には、少なくとも1つのスプリット輝線SLを用いて行われるオートフォーカス動作を実行することができず、オートシュート機能が動作しない。
このため、光学像の視標の表示状態にかかわらず、手動操作の場合には、アライメント調整操作や合焦操作を簡単に行うことができ、自動動作の場合には、無散瞳眼底カメラに対する被検眼Eの位置合わせや合焦を確実に実施できる。
このため、手動操作の場合には、擬似視標を用いて従来と同様の操作手順でアライメント調整操作や合焦操作を行うことができる。また、表示される擬似視標は光学像視標より識別し易く、視標の視認性が高くなる。このため、光学像視標を用いる場合に比べて、2つの視標を合致させる操作が容易となる。さらに、自動動作の場合には、視標光学像より識別しやすい擬似視標がモニタ31上に表示されるため、光学像視標による位置検出性能に比べ、擬似視標による位置検出性能が高くなる。
このため、検者の熟練度や被検眼Eの瞳孔径等に応じて、モニタ上に擬似視標を表示するか否かを自由に選択することができる。
このため、擬似視標をモニタ31上に表示する場合、検者の熟練度や検者の好み等に応じ、表示される擬似視標の大きさを選択することができる。
このため、被検眼Eが小瞳孔である場合、モニタ31上に表示された2つの擬似スプリット指標SLVを見ながら容易に合焦操作を行うことができる。また、2つの擬似スプリット指標SLVにより、オートフォーカス動作による合焦を迅速かつ確実に達成することができる。
このため、モニタ上に表示される擬似スプリット視標SLVの色変化により、合焦完了を確認することができる。
このため、光学像のスプリット視標SLVの表示状態にかかわらず、短時間で合焦が完了され、迅速な自動フラッシュ撮影動作が行われる。
このため、被検眼Eが小瞳孔であっても、自動撮影が行われる。
Claims (8)
- 被検眼の撮影対象部分を撮影する撮影光学系と、
前記被検眼の照明を行う照明光学系と、
前記撮影光学系を前記被検眼の前記撮影対象部分に合焦させるための光学像視標であるスプリット視標を投影するスプリット視標投影光学系と、
前記被検眼に対する前記撮影光学系の位置合わせを行うための光学像視標であるアライメント視標を投影するアライメント視標投影光学系と、
前記被検眼の前記撮影対象部分と前記スプリット視標および前記アライメント視標の光学像とをモニタ上に表示する観察光学系と、
前記観察光学系が出力する観察映像信号を取り込み、前記観察映像信号中の前記スプリット視標および前記アライメント視標の少なくとも一方の位置を検出し、検出した該位置に基づいて前記モニタに擬似視標を表示する擬似視標表示処理部と、
を備えた眼科装置。 - 前記擬似視標表示処理部は、前記観察映像信号中の前記スプリット視標および前記アライメント視標の少なくとも一方の位置を検出し、検出した該位置に前記擬似視標を重畳して前記モニタに表示すること、
を特徴とする請求項1に記載の眼科装置。 - 前記擬似視標を前記モニタに表示するか否かを設定する擬似視標表示設定部を設け、
前記擬似視標表示処理部は、前記擬似視標表示設定部の設定に基づいて、前記擬似視標の表示を行うこと、
を特徴とする請求項1または請求項2に記載の眼科装置。 - 前記擬似視標表示設定部は、前記擬似視標を前記モニタに表示する設定、前記光学像視標と同レベルの大きさの前記擬似視標を前記モニタに表示する設定、前記光学像視標の2倍の大きさの前記擬似視標を前記モニタに表示する設定、を選択可能であること、
を特徴とする請求項3に記載の眼科装置。 - 前記擬似視標は、前記光学像視標である前記スプリット視標に重畳する擬似スプリット視標であり、
前記擬似視標表示処理部は、前記観察映像信号中に検出された前記スプリット視標が1つの場合、予め設定されている合焦位置に基づいて他の1つのスプリット視標の位置を算出し、前記観察映像信号中に検出された前記スプリット視標の位置と、算出した他の1つの前記スプリット視標の位置とに、前記疑似スプリット視標を重畳して前記モニタに表示すること、
を特徴とする請求項1~請求項4の何れか1項に記載の眼科装置。 - 前記擬似視標表示処理部は、前記擬似スプリット視標を前記モニタに表示した場合、前記撮影光学系の合焦完了時に、該擬似スプリット視標の色を変更すること、
を特徴とする請求項5に記載の眼科装置。 - 前記撮影光学系は、前記被検眼の前記撮影対象部分を撮影するフラッシュ撮影機能を備えたカメラを備え、
前記アライメント視標による前記被検眼に対する前記撮影光学系の位置合わせ動作と、前記スプリット視標による前記撮影光学系の前記被検眼の前記撮影対象部分への合焦動作とが完了し、かつ該位置合わせ動作と該合焦動作の精度が所定の範囲内にある場合に、前記カメラにより前記撮影対象部分のフラッシュ撮影動作を行う自動撮影制御部を備えること、
を特徴とする請求項1~請求項6の何れか1項に記載の眼科装置。 - 前記自動撮影制御部は、前記観察映像信号中に検出される前記スプリット視標が1つであり、2つの前記アライメント視標が前記観察映像信号中の所定の範囲内にある場合に、前記被検眼が小瞳孔であると判定し、前記フラッシュ撮影動作を行う前に、前記照明光学系に小瞳孔絞りを挿入すること、
を特徴とする請求項7に記載の眼科装置。
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JP5930757B2 (ja) * | 2012-02-15 | 2016-06-08 | キヤノン株式会社 | 眼科装置 |
US9526415B2 (en) | 2013-04-03 | 2016-12-27 | Kabushiki Kaisha Topcon | Ophthalmologic apparatus |
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