WO2008061229A9 - Buffer layer for strings - Google Patents
Buffer layer for stringsInfo
- Publication number
- WO2008061229A9 WO2008061229A9 PCT/US2007/084973 US2007084973W WO2008061229A9 WO 2008061229 A9 WO2008061229 A9 WO 2008061229A9 US 2007084973 W US2007084973 W US 2007084973W WO 2008061229 A9 WO2008061229 A9 WO 2008061229A9
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- coating
- nylon
- buffer layer
- filaments
- gaps
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B51/00—Stringing tennis, badminton or like rackets; Strings therefor; Maintenance of racket strings
- A63B51/02—Strings; String substitutes; Products applied on strings, e.g. for protection against humidity or wear
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B1/00—Constructional features of ropes or cables
- D07B1/02—Ropes built-up from fibrous or filamentary material, e.g. of vegetable origin, of animal origin, regenerated cellulose, plastics
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B1/00—Constructional features of ropes or cables
- D07B1/16—Ropes or cables with an enveloping sheathing or inlays of rubber or plastics
- D07B1/162—Ropes or cables with an enveloping sheathing or inlays of rubber or plastics characterised by a plastic or rubber enveloping sheathing
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B1/00—Constructional features of ropes or cables
- D07B1/16—Ropes or cables with an enveloping sheathing or inlays of rubber or plastics
- D07B1/165—Ropes or cables with an enveloping sheathing or inlays of rubber or plastics characterised by a plastic or rubber inlay
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10D—STRINGED MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; WIND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACCORDIONS OR CONCERTINAS; PERCUSSION MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; AEOLIAN HARPS; SINGING-FLAME MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G10D3/00—Details of, or accessories for, stringed musical instruments, e.g. slide-bars
- G10D3/10—Strings
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
- D07B2201/10—Rope or cable structures
- D07B2201/1028—Rope or cable structures characterised by the number of strands
- D07B2201/1036—Rope or cable structures characterised by the number of strands nine or more strands respectively forming multiple layers
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
- D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
- D07B2201/2071—Spacers
- D07B2201/2074—Spacers in radial direction
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
- D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
- D07B2201/2083—Jackets or coverings
- D07B2201/2087—Jackets or coverings being of the coated type
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B2205/00—Rope or cable materials
- D07B2205/10—Natural organic materials
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B2205/00—Rope or cable materials
- D07B2205/20—Organic high polymers
- D07B2205/2046—Polyamides, e.g. nylons
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B2205/00—Rope or cable materials
- D07B2205/30—Inorganic materials
- D07B2205/3007—Carbon
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
- Y10T428/2933—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core
- Y10T428/2936—Wound or wrapped core or coating [i.e., spiral or helical]
Definitions
- the strings for sports equipment e.g., tennis raquets
- musical instruments are usually coated with a thin layer at their outmost surface to improve their durability, spin, feeling, etc.
- Nanocomposites such as clay and carbon nanotube reinforced nylon 6 nanocomposites, having better physical properties than neat nylon 6, are of a potential to be highly durable string coating materials with other functionalities.
- the reinforcing polymeric composites using nano-sized clay particles with high aspect ratio have been investigated since the 1980's (see U.S. Patent No.
- Strings are usually polymer materials with a multi-layer structure - core filament, wrapping filaments on the core filament, and coating.
- coating materials are required to match the base materials and have good melt-flow properties (acceptable viscosity) at certain temperature to allow them to be penetrated into the gaps between the wrapping filaments.
- Viscosity of a nanocomposite is usually higher than neat nylon 6 at the same temperature. Thus, the nanocomposite may not easily penetrate into the gaps between the wrapping filaments.
- Figure 1 shows an SEM image of a cross-section view of a nylon 6/clay nanocomposite coated on a wrapping filament. It can be seen that the nanocomposite material did not successfully fill out the gaps.
- Figure 1 shows an SEM image of a cross-section view of a nylon 6/clay nanocomposite coated on a wrapping filament
- Figure 2 shows an SEM image of chipped materials from filaments and coatings after high impact tests on a string
- Figure 3 A illustrates a cross-section of a core filament with wrapping filaments surrounding it
- Figure 3B illustrates a buffer layer applied onto the wrapping filament
- Figure 3 C illustrates a coating applied onto the buffer layer
- FIG. 4 illustrates another embodiment of the present invention.
- polymer nanocomposites have higher physical/mechanical properties than neat polymer materials, they normally have higher viscosity or melt- flow during an extrusion or coating process.
- a thin buffer layer is used to coat on the multi-filament wrapped string to fill the gaps.
- the polymers of the buffer-layer coating have a high melt-flow (low viscosity) during coating process to fill all the gaps between the filaments, and the filaments are fixed by the coatings onto base core materials.
- Example 1 A coating system with a nylon 6 buffer layer
- Figure 3A illustrates a cross-section of a string for coating comprised of one monofilament core 301 wrapped with smaller-diameter multi-filaments 302.
- Neat nylon 6 pellets as may be obtained from UBE Industries Inc. (product name: UBE SF 1018 A) are melted.
- the buffer layer coating 303 is applied by an extrusion process at temperatures ranging from 22O 0 C to 27O 0 C.
- the thickness of the buffer layer 303 may be from 10 to 100 micrometers.
- the gaps between the multi-filaments 302 are fully filled by the neat nylon 6 coating.
- a wear-resistant coating 304 is then coated (Figure 3C) by an extrusion process at temperatures ranging from 24O 0 C to 28O 0 C.
- a nylon 6/clay or nylon 6/carbon nanotube nanocomposite may be employed as the wear-resistant coating material 304.
- the nylon 6 nanocomposite produced by in-situ polymerization may contain 4% nano-clay filler.
- Other nylon 6 nanocomposites produced by melt-compounded process may also be used for the wear- resistant coatings 304. Except for the clay, carbon nanotubes, ceramic particles such as SiO 2 and AI2O3, or glass particles may be used to make nylon ⁇ nanocomposites.
- the Nylon 6 nanocomposites may also be modified by rubber modifiers to improve the ductility and toughness.
- the thickness of the wear-resistant coating may be from 1 to 100 micrometers.
- Example 2 A coating system with a nylon 11 buffer layer
- the string for coating is one monofilament core 301 wrapped with smaller-diameter multi-filaments 302.
- Neat nylon 11 may be obtained from ARKEMA Inc. Nylon 11 has a very good melt flow at temperatures over 22O 0 C. Good impact strength and shear strength also make nylon 11 a good buffer layer material.
- the buffer layer coating 303 is applied by an extrusion process at temperatures ranging from 19O 0 C to 27O 0 C.
- the thickness of the buffer layer 303 may be from 10 to 100 micrometers.
- the gaps between the multi-filaments 302 are fully filled by the neat nylon 11 coating.
- a wear-resistant coating 304 is then coated by an extrusion process at temperatures ranging from 24O 0 C to 28O 0 C.
- Nylon 6/clay or a nylon 6/carbon nanotube nanocomposite may be employed as the wear-resistant coating material 304.
- the nylon 6 nanocomposite produced by in-situ polymerization may contain 4% nano-clay filler.
- Other nylon 6 nanocomposites produced by melt-compounded process may also be used for the wear-resistant coating 304.
- the nylon 6 nanocomposites may also be modified by rubber modifiers to improve the ductility and toughness.
- the thickness of the wear-resistant coating 304 may be from 1 to 100 micrometers.
- Nylon 6 nanocomposites may be melted at higher than 19O 0 C and extruded to deposit a coating on the strings. Nylon 6 nanocomposites may be dissolved in a solvent such as formic acid and sprayed, dipped, spin coated, brushed, painted, or immersed to deposit a coating on the string at room temperature or elevated temperatures. The solvent may be then removed by a follow-up process such as an evaporation method.
- Figure 4 illustrates another embodiment of the present invention.
- the coated string structure of Figure 3 C is then coated again with smaller-diameter multi-filaments 401.
- a buffer layer coating 402 similar to layer 303, is applied by an extrusion process at temperatures ranging from 19O 0 C to 27O 0 C.
- the thickness of the buffer layer 402 may be from 10 to 100 micrometers.
- the gaps between the multi-filaments 401 are fully filled by the neat nylon 11 coating.
- a wear-resistant coating 403 is then coated by an extrusion process at temperatures ranging from 24O 0 C to 28O 0 C.
- Nylon 6/clay or a nylon 6/carbon nanotube nanocomposite may be employed as the wear-resistant coating material 403.
- the nylon 6 nanocomposite produced by in-situ polymerization may contain 4% nano-clay filler.
- Other nylon 6 nanocomposites produced by melt-compounded process may also be used for the wear-resistant coating 403.
- the nylon 6 nanocomposites may also be modified by rubber modifiers to improve the ductility and toughness.
- the thickness of the wear-resistant coating 403 may be from 1 to 100 micrometers.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2009537390A JP2010510400A (en) | 2006-11-16 | 2007-11-16 | Buffer layer for strings |
AT07864530T ATE530230T1 (en) | 2006-11-16 | 2007-11-16 | BUFFER LAYER FOR STRINGS |
EP07864530A EP2083928B1 (en) | 2006-11-16 | 2007-11-16 | Buffer layer for strings |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US86619906P | 2006-11-16 | 2006-11-16 | |
US60/866,199 | 2006-11-16 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2008061229A1 WO2008061229A1 (en) | 2008-05-22 |
WO2008061229A9 true WO2008061229A9 (en) | 2008-08-21 |
Family
ID=39186839
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2007/084973 WO2008061229A1 (en) | 2006-11-16 | 2007-11-16 | Buffer layer for strings |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20080124546A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2083928B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2010510400A (en) |
CN (1) | CN101534909A (en) |
AT (1) | ATE530230T1 (en) |
TW (1) | TW200840890A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2008061229A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (15)
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US8958917B2 (en) | 1998-12-17 | 2015-02-17 | Hach Company | Method and system for remote monitoring of fluid quality and treatment |
US7454295B2 (en) | 1998-12-17 | 2008-11-18 | The Watereye Corporation | Anti-terrorism water quality monitoring system |
US9056783B2 (en) | 1998-12-17 | 2015-06-16 | Hach Company | System for monitoring discharges into a waste water collection system |
US8920619B2 (en) | 2003-03-19 | 2014-12-30 | Hach Company | Carbon nanotube sensor |
US8713906B2 (en) | 2006-11-16 | 2014-05-06 | Applied Nanotech Holdings, Inc. | Composite coating for strings |
US20080206559A1 (en) * | 2007-02-26 | 2008-08-28 | Yunjun Li | Lubricant enhanced nanocomposites |
FR2934958B1 (en) * | 2008-08-12 | 2012-11-09 | Babolat Vs | ROPE FOR RACKETS, IN PARTICULAR FOR TENNIS RACKETS |
US8479887B2 (en) | 2008-08-15 | 2013-07-09 | Otis Elevator Company | Cord and polymer jacket assembly having a flame retardant in the polymer jacket material |
EP2704136A1 (en) * | 2012-09-04 | 2014-03-05 | Larsen Strings A/S | Damping and adhesive material for music strings |
CN104043233A (en) * | 2014-05-21 | 2014-09-17 | 安徽梦谷纤维材料科技有限公司 | Method for preparing badminton racket string |
JP6698317B2 (en) * | 2015-11-12 | 2020-05-27 | ヨネックス株式会社 | Racket string |
JP6812052B2 (en) * | 2016-04-18 | 2021-01-13 | ヨネックス株式会社 | Racket string |
PT3418433T (en) * | 2017-06-21 | 2020-03-23 | Speed France S A S | Monofilament string for a racket and process for manufacturing such a monofilament string |
EP3775365A1 (en) | 2018-03-26 | 2021-02-17 | Bridon International Limited | Synthetic fiber rope |
WO2020031529A1 (en) * | 2018-08-10 | 2020-02-13 | 株式会社ゴーセン | Racket string and method of manufacturing same |
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JP2004202000A (en) * | 2002-12-26 | 2004-07-22 | Mizuno Corp | String |
US7247373B2 (en) * | 2004-03-10 | 2007-07-24 | Gosen Co., Ltd. | Racquet string |
JP5328150B2 (en) * | 2004-08-02 | 2013-10-30 | ユニバーシティー オブ ヒューストン | Carbon nanotube reinforced polymer nanocomposite |
US20060084532A1 (en) * | 2004-10-20 | 2006-04-20 | Chaokang Chu | Strings for racquets |
-
2007
- 2007-11-15 US US11/940,976 patent/US20080124546A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2007-11-15 TW TW096143229A patent/TW200840890A/en unknown
- 2007-11-16 CN CNA2007800427039A patent/CN101534909A/en active Pending
- 2007-11-16 WO PCT/US2007/084973 patent/WO2008061229A1/en active Application Filing
- 2007-11-16 EP EP07864530A patent/EP2083928B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2007-11-16 AT AT07864530T patent/ATE530230T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2007-11-16 JP JP2009537390A patent/JP2010510400A/en active Pending
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2083928A1 (en) | 2009-08-05 |
US20080124546A1 (en) | 2008-05-29 |
WO2008061229A1 (en) | 2008-05-22 |
TW200840890A (en) | 2008-10-16 |
CN101534909A (en) | 2009-09-16 |
ATE530230T1 (en) | 2011-11-15 |
JP2010510400A (en) | 2010-04-02 |
EP2083928B1 (en) | 2011-10-26 |
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