WO2006097024A1 - Procede de preparation et utilisation de pansement medical antiseptique - Google Patents

Procede de preparation et utilisation de pansement medical antiseptique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2006097024A1
WO2006097024A1 PCT/CN2005/002290 CN2005002290W WO2006097024A1 WO 2006097024 A1 WO2006097024 A1 WO 2006097024A1 CN 2005002290 W CN2005002290 W CN 2005002290W WO 2006097024 A1 WO2006097024 A1 WO 2006097024A1
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Prior art keywords
medical dressing
dressing
reaction
chitosan
hours
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PCT/CN2005/002290
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Yibin Li
Qingji Wu
Liping Cheng
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Origien Medical Technologies
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Application filed by Origien Medical Technologies filed Critical Origien Medical Technologies
Priority to US11/886,459 priority Critical patent/US20080241229A1/en
Priority to DE602005023353T priority patent/DE602005023353D1/de
Priority to AT05822619T priority patent/ATE479452T1/de
Priority to PL05822619T priority patent/PL1859816T3/pl
Priority to JP2008501137A priority patent/JP5075811B2/ja
Priority to EP05822619A priority patent/EP1859816B1/en
Priority to AU2005329351A priority patent/AU2005329351B2/en
Priority to CN2005800491233A priority patent/CN101141985B/zh
Publication of WO2006097024A1 publication Critical patent/WO2006097024A1/zh
Priority to HK08105047.4A priority patent/HK1115072A1/xx

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Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61LMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L15/00Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, bandages, dressings or absorbent pads
    • A61L15/16Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons
    • A61L15/42Use of materials characterised by their function or physical properties
    • A61L15/46Deodorants or malodour counteractants, e.g. to inhibit the formation of ammonia or bacteria
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F13/00Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F13/02Adhesive bandages or dressings
    • A61F13/0203Adhesive bandages or dressings with fluid retention members
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61LMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L15/00Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, bandages, dressings or absorbent pads
    • A61L15/16Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons
    • A61L15/22Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons containing macromolecular materials
    • A61L15/28Polysaccharides or their derivatives
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01FCHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F9/00Artificial filaments or the like of other substances; Manufacture thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture of carbon filaments
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61LMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L2300/00Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices
    • A61L2300/10Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices containing or releasing inorganic materials
    • A61L2300/102Metals or metal compounds, e.g. salts such as bicarbonates, carbonates, oxides, zeolites, silicates
    • A61L2300/104Silver, e.g. silver sulfadiazine
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61LMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L2300/00Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices
    • A61L2300/40Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices characterised by a specific therapeutic activity or mode of action
    • A61L2300/404Biocides, antimicrobial agents, antiseptic agents

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of making a medical dressing, and more particularly to a method of making an antimicrobial medical dressing; and further to the use of the antimicrobial medical dressing.
  • a dressing In the treatment of chronic wounds, a dressing is required to absorb a large amount of exudate from the wound and at the same time speed up the healing of the wound.
  • the absorption capacity of alginate dressings currently in large use on the market is not ideal for wounds with a large amount of exudation.
  • W094/16746 discloses a surgical dressing containing carboxymethylcellulose which is capable of absorbing 15 times its own weight of saline and can be used for surgery and for handling chronic wounds.
  • W099/02093 also discloses a wound dressing made of carboxymethylcellulose and a method of making the same.
  • these two inventions can only achieve the purpose of accelerating wound healing by providing a moist environment. Therefore, innovating a medical biological antibacterial healing dressing that can both anti-inflammatory and hemostasis without sticking to the wound and at the same time being absorbed by the human body is undoubtedly a practical work for the treatment of surgery and burns and the reduction of patient suffering.
  • Polyacetylglucosamine commonly known as chitosan
  • chitosan is a polysaccharide widely distributed in nature. It is the main component of various fungal cell walls and shells of shrimp, crab and insects.
  • the unique properties of lysozyme in the body that can be absorbed by the body tissues.
  • the material is non-toxic, tasteless, has good compatibility with the body tissues, has no immune antigen reaction, and has antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, hemostasis, analgesic and healing functions.
  • Carboxymethyl chitosan is a class of chitin derivatives produced by the reaction of chitosan with a carboxymethyl group.
  • carboxymethyl chitosan has a very wide range of uses and is of great significance in the development of food preservation, cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries. Chen Lingyun and so on
  • US 20050058694 refers to a partial carboxymethyl chitosan surgical dressing
  • the carboxymethyl process is a one-step method directly immersing chitosan fibers in a water/alcohol solution mixed with chloroacetic acid and sodium hydroxide.
  • the dressing is a translucent gel-like substance when it meets water, and the fiber structure is visible.
  • the carboxymethylated fiber is made into a non-woven fabric by a non-woven process, since the carboxymethylated fiber is easy to absorb water, it will open to the subsequent non-woven fabric, and it will be difficult to form a net, and it will be non-woven. After the machine is machined, the oil on the surface of the carboxymethylated fiber will make the non-woven fabric hydrophobic, which affects the liquid absorption performance of the dressing. Summary of the invention
  • One of the technical problems to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing an antibacterial medical dressing for use in surgical wounds, burns, burns and other chronic wounds, covering the wound surface to prevent moisture loss in the body fluid, and providing an active wound healing.
  • Another technical problem to be solved by the present invention is that in the prior art, when the carboxymethylated fiber is formed into a nonwoven fabric by a nonwoven process, it is disadvantageous in that it causes hydrophobicity, which affects the liquid absorbing property of the dressing. ,
  • the third technical problem to be solved by the present invention is that, in the prior art, when the carboxymethylated fiber is made into a non-woven fabric by a non-woven process, since the carboxymethylated fiber is easily absorbed, the non-woven fabric is given to the back. The opening during processing brings difficulties to the network.
  • the present invention utilizes the following two-step method to prepare a carboxymethyl chitosan dressing: 'The chitosan fiber is immersed in a concentration of 40 to 50% NaOH solution, and the bath ratio is 1:20 to 60, and the reaction is carried out at room temperature. 0. 5 ⁇ 6 hours, the alkalized chitosan fiber is formed, and the alkalized product is washed with anhydrous alcohol;
  • the product is reacted with chloroacetic acid in isopropanol, the concentration of chloroacetic acid is 20 to 40%, the reaction temperature is 35 to 75 ° C, the reaction time is 1 to 8 hours, the reaction is completed, the excess solution is removed, and the solution is washed with absolute ethanol. , air drying is carboxymethyl chitosan fiber.
  • the air-dried carboxymethyl chitosan fiber is opened, netted, and needled to make a non-woven fabric of 30 ⁇ 200g/m 2 , which can be made into carboxymethyl chitosan after cutting, packaging and disinfection. dressing.
  • the chitosan fiber is added before the air is dried, and the ratio of the chitosan fiber to the carboxymethyl chitosan fiber is 1:9 to 9:1.
  • the strength of the medical dressing can be further improved.
  • the medical dressing prepared by the present invention may also be added with additives by various means to change or improve its therapeutic efficacy.
  • additives for example, in the preparation of the above chitosan fiber, nano silver is added to improve the bactericidal effect of the dressing.
  • the preparation method is as follows:
  • the nano-sized silver particles are added in a ratio of 0.1% to 1% by mass in the spinning solution;
  • the two-step preparation of the carboxymethyl chitosan dressing can also be:
  • the chitosan fiber is cut, opened, netted, and needled to form a non-woven fabric of 30 to 200 g/m 2 ;
  • the alkalized chitosan non-woven fabric is formed by immersing the nonwoven fabric in a concentration of 40 to 50% NaOH, a bath ratio of 1:20 to 60, and a reaction at room temperature of 0.5 to 6 hours. Washing with water alcohol;
  • the product is reacted with chloroacetic acid in isopropanol, the concentration of chloroacetic acid is 20 to 40%, the reaction temperature is 35 to 75 ° C, the reaction time is 1 to 8 hours, the reaction is completed, the excess solution is removed, and the solution is washed with absolute ethanol. Air drying
  • the above dressing swells in contact with water to form an elastic gel body, which can absorb about 30 times its own weight, which is much higher than other medical dressings.
  • the gamma value of the carboxymethyl group is 0. 4 to 0. 8 ⁇
  • the carboxy group of the carboxymethyl group is 0. 4 to 0.
  • the medical dressing prepared by the invention can also change or improve the therapeutic effect by the following means, that is, introducing silver ions in the preparation of the carboxymethyl chitosan fiber or the carboxymethyl chitosan nonwoven fabric to improve the bactericidal effect of the dressing,
  • the preparation method is as follows:
  • the medical dressing prepared by the present invention can also be improved in hydrophilicity by plasma treatment, and its water retention property can be improved by crosslinking treatment.
  • the mechanism of plasma treatment to improve the hydrophilicity of the medical dressing is to use plasma treatment to open the chemical bond on the surface of the medical dressing to facilitate the grafting of hydrophilic groups in the case of an inert gas or a hydrophilic substance as a carrier.
  • plasma-initiated polymerization is a process in which the plasma is irradiated as a source of energy for a short period of time (several seconds to several minutes) and then placed at an appropriate temperature to initiate the reaction from the gas phase, and the chain growth and chain termination reactions are in the liquid phase or Made in the solid phase.
  • the low temperature plasma initiated reaction can effectively improve the characteristics of biomedical materials.
  • the characteristics are as follows: (1) The depth of action on the surface of the material is only tens of nanometers, which does not affect the properties of the matrix material; (2) It can handle various shapes. Surface; (3) has a strong bactericidal effect, is an ideal surface treatment technology for biomedical materials.
  • the prepared medical dressing is subjected to atmospheric pressure plasma treatment, and under normal pressure, the plasma discharge is performed, and the discharge power is 20 W to 100 W, and the discharge time is 10 seconds to 30 minutes, and then placed in a certain hydrophilic state. Soak in a solution for 5 seconds to 60 minutes.
  • the prepared medical dressing is subjected to low temperature plasma treatment, and the prepared non-woven fabric dressing is placed side by side in a plasma reaction device connected with a capacitive coupling;
  • the dressing is subjected to hydrophilic grafting or polymerization, and the working condition is that the modified gas is passed into the reactor under vacuum, and the modified pressure is 20 to 80 Pa, and the modification time is 1 to 30 minutes;
  • the graft polymerization is carried out, the background vacuum is 2 to 8 Pa, the glow discharge, the graft polymerization pressure is 10 to 60 Pa, the time is 2 to 60 minutes, and the discharge power is 30 to 80 W.
  • the dressing is swollen with water to form an elastic gel, which can absorb more than 30 times its own weight of water, which is higher than the untreated medical dressing.
  • the cross-linking treatment of the antibacterial medical dressing is to overcome the defect that the gel formed by the uncrosslinked medical dressing after the liquid is dissolved with a small amount of time, and the cross-linking treatment methods are as follows:
  • Thermal cross-linking Put a certain size of medical dressing into a vacuum oven, vacuum, preheat for 1 ⁇ 5 hours at 50 ⁇ 80 °C; raise the temperature of the vacuum drying oven to 80 ⁇ 140 °C. Heat cross-linking treatment for 2 hours to 4 days. The material was taken out after lowering the temperature in the vacuum oven to room temperature while maintaining the vacuum.
  • Chemical cross-linking chemically cross-link the prepared medical dressing, immerse a certain size of medical dressing into glutaraldehyde solution, soak for 5 ⁇ 60 minutes at room temperature; adjust the solution to acid with acid, and treat at room temperature 2 ⁇ 48 Hours, the medical dressing was repeatedly rinsed with a phosphate buffer until the uncrosslinked crosslinker was removed.
  • UV crosslinking A certain size of medical dressing is placed under a UV lamp with a wavelength of 235 to 300 nm; the time for ultraviolet irradiation of the medical dressing is 5 minutes to 60 minutes, respectively.
  • the application of the above plasma and cross-linking treatment method can greatly improve the practicability of the medical dressing, not only further improve the hydrophilicity of the dressing, but also overcome the change of the gel formed by the untreated dressing with water over time. Disadvantages of dissolution. It is used to stop bleeding in various surgical wounds, and can be retained in the body. For surgical wounds, burns, burns and other chronic wounds, covering the wound can prevent moisture loss in body fluids, provide a positive moist environment for wound healing, and keep the wound without effusion, no erosion, and isolate bacterial infection. It can also play a role in reducing inflammation, stopping bleeding and promoting tissue healing.
  • the medical dressing prepared by the invention is suitable for the application in the field of surgery and burns, and can be used for preparing surgical wounds, burns and chronic wound dressings.
  • the medical dressing prepared by the invention can be made into a wound anti-inflammatory hemostatic cotton and a wound-reducing cotton strip by using the opening treatment, and is used for stopping bleeding in various surgical wounds, and can be absorbed in the body.
  • the medical dressing prepared by the invention can also be used as an inner layer dressing of the composite dressing for convenient use.
  • a transparent or non-transparent film with a single side with a single side is applied to the outer layer to make an application for surgical wounds.
  • the invention has the following beneficial effects:
  • the antibacterial medical dressing prepared by the invention is used for surgical wounds, burns, burns and other chronic wounds, covering the wound surface to prevent moisture loss in the body fluid, and providing wound healing A positive moist environment, and keep the wound without effusion, no erosion, isolated bacterial infection, and can play an anti-inflammatory, hemostasis, analgesic, and promote tissue healing.
  • the method of the invention solves the disadvantages of the prior art that the carboxymethylated fiber is made into a non-woven fabric by a non-woven process, resulting in hydrophobicity, and also solves the prior art, the carboxymethylated fiber is passed through the non-woven fabric.
  • the process is made into a nonwoven fabric, it is difficult to loosen and form a net during the processing of the back nonwoven fabric.
  • chitosan fiber was immersed in a 40% NaOH solution at a bath ratio of 1:20, and reacted at room temperature for 0.5 hours to form alkalized chitosan fibers; the alkalized product was washed with absolute alcohol.
  • the product is further reacted with chloroacetic acid in isopropanol, the concentration of chloroacetic acid is 20%, the reaction temperature is 35 ° C, the reaction time is 1 hour, the reaction is finished, the excess solution is removed, and the solution is washed with anhydrous ethanol. It is a carboxymethyl chitosan fiber.
  • the product is cut, opened, netted, and needled into a 50 g/m 2 non-woven fabric, which can be cut, packaged, and sterilized to form a dressing, called al. Suitable for wounds with a wound surface of less than 10 cm 2 .
  • the chitosan fiber was mixed with the carboxymethyl chitosan fiber used for the preparation of al by a mass ratio of 9:1, opened, netted, and needle-punched to make a 100 g/m 2 non-woven fabric, which was cut, packaged, Disinfection can be made into a dressing, called a2. Suitable for burns and burns of larger wounds.
  • the nano-silver particles are added in a ratio of 0.1% by mass in the spinning solution, and the chitosan fiber containing the nano-silver particles and the carboxy-based chitosan can be prepared.
  • a sugar fiber blended nonwoven medical dressing, the product is called a3.
  • Example 4 The sodium carboxymethyl chitosan fibers in a1 are soaked in a silver nitrate solution dissolved in ethanol to exchange sodium ions and silver ions.
  • the concentration of the silver nitrate solution is 0.5%
  • the reaction temperature is 20 ° C
  • the reaction time is 0.5 hours
  • the reaction is finished
  • the excess solution is removed, washed with anhydrous ethanol, and air-dried is a carboxymethyl chitosan containing silver ions. fiber.
  • a nonwoven medical dressing of carboxymethyl chitosan fibers containing silver ions was finally produced, which was called a4.
  • chitosan fiber 100 g of chitosan fiber is immersed in a concentration of 45% NaOH solution, and the bath ratio is 1:40, and reacted at room temperature for 1 hour to form alkalized chitosan fiber; the alkalized product is washed with anhydrous alcohol; The product is further reacted with chloroacetic acid in isopropanol, the concentration of chloroacetic acid is 30%, the reaction temperature is 60 ° C, the reaction time is 3 hours, the reaction is completed, the excess solution is removed, washed with absolute ethanol, and air-dried is carboxymethyl Chitosan fiber.
  • the product is cut, opened, netted, and needled into a 50 g/m 2 non-woven fabric, which can be cut, packaged, and sterilized to form a dressing, called bl.
  • a dressing called bl.
  • the chitosan fiber was mixed with the carboxymethyl chitosan fiber used for the preparation of bl by mass ratio of 8 : 2, opened, netted, needled and made into a 100 g / m 2 non-woven fabric, which was cut and packaged. , disinfection can be made into a dressing, b2. Suitable for burns and burns of larger wounds.
  • the nano-silver particles are added in a ratio of 0.5% by mass in the spinning solution, and the chitosan fiber and the carboxymethyl shell-containing polymer containing the nano silver particles can be prepared.
  • a woven sugar fiber blended nonwoven medical dressing. This product is called b3.
  • the carboxymethyl chitosan fibers in bl were soaked in a silver nitrate solution dissolved in ethanol to exchange sodium ions and silver ions.
  • the concentration of the silver nitrate solution was 5%
  • the reaction temperature was 25 Torr
  • the reaction time was 1 hour
  • the excess solution was removed, washed with absolute ethanol, and air-dried to be a carboxymethyl chitosan fiber containing silver ions.
  • a nonwoven medical dressing of carboxymethyl chitosan fibers containing silver ions is finally produced, which is called b4. .
  • Example 9 100 g of chitosan fiber was immersed in a 50% NaOH solution at a bath ratio of 1:60, and reacted at room temperature for 6 hours to form an alkalized chitosan fiber; the alkalized product was anhydrous. Alcohol wash Net; this product is further reacted with chloroacetic acid in isopropanol, the concentration of chloroacetic acid is 40%, the reaction temperature is 75 ° C, the reaction time is 8 hours, the reaction is finished, the excess solution is removed, washed with absolute ethanol, air-dried It is a carboxymethyl chitosan fiber.
  • the product is cut, opened, netted, and needled into a 50 g/m 2 non-woven fabric, which can be cut, packaged, and sterilized to form a dressing, which is called clo, suitable for wounds with a wound surface of less than 10 cm 2 .
  • the chitosan fiber and the carboxymethyl chitosan fiber used for preparing cl were mixed, opened, netted and needled at a mass ratio of 1:9 to make a 100 g/m 2 non-woven fabric, which was cut and packaged. Disinfection, ie 3 ⁇ 4J, is made into a dressing called c2. . Suitable for burns and burns of larger wounds.
  • the nano-silver particles are added in a ratio of 1% by mass in the spinning solution, and the chitosan fiber and the carboxymethyl chitosan fiber containing the nano silver particles can be prepared.
  • a blended nonwoven medical dressing, the product is referred to as c3.
  • the carboxymethyl chitosan fibers in cl were soaked in a silver nitrate solution dissolved in ethanol to exchange sodium ions and silver ions.
  • the concentration of the silver nitrate solution was 10%
  • the reaction temperature was 30 ° C
  • the reaction time was 2 hours
  • the excess solution was removed, washed with absolute ethanol, and air-dried to be a carboxymethyl chitosan fiber containing silver ions.
  • a nonwoven fabric medical material, which is finally made into a carboxymethyl chitosan fiber containing silver ions, is called c4.
  • the alkalized chitosan nonwoven fabric is formed by immersing 100 g of chitosan non-woven fabric in a 40% NaOH solution at a bath ratio of 1:20 at room temperature for 0.5 hours; Alcohol washing; the product is further reacted with chloroacetic acid in isopropanol, the concentration of chloroacetic acid is 20%, the reaction temperature is 35 ° C, the reaction time is 1 hour, the reaction is finished, the excess solution is removed, and the solution is washed with anhydrous ethanol.
  • Air-drying is a carboxymethyl chitosan non-woven fabric, which can be made into a dressing after cutting, packaging and disinfection. The product is called dl. Suitable for wounds with a wound surface of less than 10 cm 2 .
  • the carboxymethyl chitosan nonwoven fabric from which dl was prepared was immersed in a silver nitrate solution dissolved in ethanol to exchange sodium ions and silver ions. 5 % ⁇ The concentration of the silver nitrate solution is 0.5%, the reaction temperature 20 ° C, reaction time 0.5 hours, the reaction is completed, the excess solution is removed, washed with anhydrous ethanol, air-dried is a carboxymethyl chitosan nonwoven fabric containing silver ions, 'this product is called d2.
  • chitosan non-woven fabric 100 g was immersed in a 45% NaOH solution at a bath ratio of 1:40, and reacted at room temperature for 1 hour to form an alkalized chitosan nonwoven fabric; the alkalized product was washed with anhydrous alcohol. Net; this product is further reacted with chloroacetic acid in isopropanol, the concentration of chloroacetic acid is 30%, the reaction temperature is 60 ° C, the reaction time is 3 hours, the reaction is finished, the excess solution is removed, washed with absolute ethanol, air-dried
  • the carboxymethyl chitosan non-woven fabric can be made into a dressing by cutting, packaging and disinfecting, and the product is called el. Suitable for wounds with a wound surface of less than 10 cm 2 .
  • the carboxymethyl chitosan nonwoven fabric from which el was prepared was immersed in a silver nitrate solution dissolved in ethanol to exchange sodium ions and silver ions.
  • the concentration of the silver nitrate solution is 5%
  • the reaction temperature is 25 ° C
  • the reaction time is 1 hour
  • the reaction is completed
  • the excess solution is removed, washed with anhydrous ethanol, and air-dried is a carboxymethyl chitosan nonwoven fabric containing silver ions.
  • This product is called e2.
  • chitosan non-woven fabric 100 g was immersed in a concentration of 50.% NaOH solution, and the bath ratio was 1:60, and reacted at room temperature for 6 hours to form an alkalized chitosan nonwoven fabric; the alkalized product was anhydrous alcohol. Washing; the product is further reacted with chloroacetic acid in isopropanol, the concentration of chloroacetic acid is 40%, the reaction temperature is 75 ° C, the reaction time is 8 hours, the reaction is finished, the excess solution is removed, washed with absolute ethanol, air-dried That is, the carboxymethyl chitosan non-woven fabric can be made into a dressing by cutting, packaging and disinfecting, and the product is called cockroach. Suitable for wounds with a wound less than lOcrn 2 .
  • the carboxymethyl chitosan nonwoven fabric from which fl was prepared was immersed in a silver nitrate solution dissolved in ethanol to exchange sodium ions and silver ions.
  • the concentration of the silver nitrate solution is 10%
  • the reaction temperature is 30 V
  • the reaction time is 2 hours
  • the reaction is completed
  • the excess solution is removed
  • the solution is washed with absolute ethanol, and air-dried is a carboxymethyl chitosan nonwoven fabric containing silver ions.
  • This product is called f2.
  • the dressing a is juxtaposed in a plasma reaction device to which a capacitive coupling is connected.
  • the dressing is subjected to hydrophilic grafting or polymerization, and its working condition is that oxygen is supplied to the reactor under vacuum, and the graft polymerization is carried out after modification, and the background vacuum is 2 Pa, glow discharge.
  • Modified pressure is 20 Pa, modification time is 1 minute; graft polymerization pressure is 10 Pa, time is 2 minutes, and discharge power is 30 W.
  • the resulting product is called Al.
  • the dressings al are placed side by side in a plasma reaction device to which capacitive coupling is applied.
  • the dressing is subjected to hydrophilic grafting or polymerization.
  • the working conditions are nitrogen (or hydrogen) to the reactor under vacuum, and the graft polymerization is carried out after modification, and the background vacuum is 6 Pa, glow discharge.
  • the modified pressure is 40 Pa and the modification time is 15 minutes; the graft polymerization pressure is 30 Pa, the time is 20 minutes, and the discharge power is 50 W.
  • the resulting product is called Bl.
  • the dressings al are placed side by side in a plasma reaction device to which capacitive coupling is applied.
  • the dressing is subjected to hydrophilic grafting or polymerization.
  • the working conditions are that an inert gas is introduced into the reactor under vacuum, and the graft polymerization is carried out after modification, and the background vacuum is 8 Pa, glow discharge.
  • the modified pressure is 80 Pa, and the modification time is 30 minutes; the graft polymerization pressure is 60 Pa, the time is 60 minutes, and the discharge power is 80 W.
  • the resulting product is called Cl.
  • Example 22 'The dressing a was placed in a vacuum oven for thermal crosslinking, and vacuum was applied at 50 Torr for 1 hour; the temperature of the vacuum drying oven was raised to 80 ° C, and the heat treatment time was 2 hours; while maintaining the vacuum state After the temperature in the vacuum oven is lowered to room temperature, the material is taken out, and the treated dressing is sterilized to obtain the product A2, which is stored for use.
  • the dressing a1 was placed in a vacuum oven for thermal crosslinking, and vacuum was applied at 60 ° C for 3 hours; the temperature of the vacuum drying crucible was raised to 120 ° C, and the heat treatment treatment time was 1 day; the vacuum treatment was lowered. After the temperature in the vacuum oven reaches room temperature, the material is taken out, and the treated dressing is sterilized to obtain product B2, which is stored for use.
  • the dressing a1 was placed in a vacuum oven for thermal crosslinking, and vacuum was applied at 80 ° C for 5 hours; the temperature of the vacuum drying oven was raised to 140 ° C, and the heat treatment treatment time was 4 days; the temperature was lowered while maintaining the vacuum. After the temperature in the vacuum oven reaches room temperature, the material is taken out, and the treated dressing is sterilized to obtain product C2, which is stored for use.
  • Example 25 Dip the dressing a into the glutaraldehyde solution, soak for 5 minutes at room temperature; adjust the solution to acidity with acid, and crosslink at room temperature for 2 hours; repeatedly rinse the medical dressing with phosphate buffer solution until the uncrosslinked crosslinker is removed.
  • the treated dressing is sterilized to obtain product A3, which is stored for use.
  • the dressing al is placed under an ultraviolet lamp having a wavelength of 253.7 nm; the medical dressing is irradiated with ultraviolet light for 30 minutes, ultraviolet cross-linking is performed, and the treated dressing is sterilized to obtain a product B4, which is stored for use.
  • the nonwoven fabric dressings prepared in Examples 1 to 10 were cut into 10 cm x 10 cm, and surgical wounds, burns, and chronic wound dressings were prepared by packaging and disinfecting.
  • Example 32 The non-woven fabric dressings prepared according to Examples 1 to 10 were cut into 4 cm X 20 cm, and then attached to a rubberized surface of a 9 C mX 25 cm transparent film having a medical adhesive on one side, and a silicone paper was attached to the rubberized surface. , surgical packaging can be obtained by packaging and disinfection.
  • Examples packaged nonwoven fabric 110 will be made to the embodiment, can be prepared disinfection antiphlogistic hemostatic wound tampon 0
  • the non-woven fabric dressings prepared according to Examples 1 to 10. were cut into 4 cm x 20 cm, and the wound anti-inflammatory draining sliver was prepared by packaging and disinfecting.
  • test samples were made according to Examples 1 to 18; the control samples were ordinary medical gauze (Shanghai Knitting 21 Factory).
  • the inspection technology is based on the evaluation of antibacterial properties of fabrics after AATCC100-1999. Table 1, antibacterial test results
  • Carboxymethyl chitosan nonwoven fabric a (test sample) prepared according to Example 1, according to Example 19-21, product after low temperature plasma treatment, Al, Bl, CI (test sample) , Ordinary medical double gauze (control sample, Shanghai Knitting II H" "- factory", are cut into 5cmX 5cm.
  • test solution 8. 298 g of sodium chloride and 0.368 g of calcium chloride dissolved in 1000 ml of deionized water.
  • Analytical balance (accuracy O. OOlg); incubator; leather petri dish.
  • Liquid absorbency is calculated according to the following formula:
  • sample According to Examples 22 to 30, antibacterial medical dressings (test samples) subjected to various cross-linking treatments, uncrosslinked antibacterial medical dressings prepared according to Example 1 (control sample) , all cut into 2cmX4cm ;
  • the sample is placed in a deionized water solution, the amount added is 40 times the mass of the sample;

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Description

抗菌医用敷料的制造方法及其用途 技术领域
本发明涉及医用敷料的制造方法, 尤其是涉及抗菌医用敷料的制 造方法; 另外本发明还涉及该抗菌医用敷料的用途。 背景技术
长期以来, 外科用敷料主要是消毒棉花和棉制纱布, 其应用上有 一定的局限性。 棉纱布本身不具备抗微生物繁殖滋生的能力, 虽然经 过消毒但使用在过程中容易感染上细菌。 这些传统敷料在使用中会粘 连伤口, 甚至长合在新生的肉芽中。 造成更换敷料过程中病人的疼痛 和新创面的产生。 这些传统敷料在使用后还会残留一些碎屑, 影响伤 口的愈合。 其他合成材料制造的敷料也存在同样的缺陷。
在治疗慢性伤口时需要一种敷料将伤口大量的渗液吸收掉并在同 时加快伤口的愈合速度。 目前市场上大量使用的藻酸盐类敷料吸收能 力对于有大量渗出的伤口并不理想。
在治疗烧烫伤病人时, 医生常用的做法是在去除坏死组织后的伤 口上覆盖敷料, 以控制水分的蒸发和防止细菌的侵入。 猪皮和人皮是 比较有效的烧烫伤敷料, 但其成本高, 还存在着人体对外来皮肤的排 斥性问题。
W094/16746 公开了一种外科敷料, 其中含有羧甲基纤维素, 能够 吸收自身重量 15 倍的生理盐水, 可以用于外科手术以及处理慢性伤 口。 W099/02093 同样公开了一种用羧甲基纤维素制成的伤口敷料及其 制造方法。 但此两项发明只能通过提供一个湿润的环境来达到加速伤 口愈合的目的。 因此, 创新一种既能消炎止血, 又不粘连伤口, 同时 又为人体所能吸收的医用生物抗菌愈合敷料, 无疑是对外科、 烧伤科 的治疗及减少病人痛苦有现实意义的一项工作。
. 聚乙酰氨基葡萄糖, 俗称壳聚糖, 是广泛分布于自然界中的一种 多糖, 是各种真菌的细胞壁和虾、 蟹、 昆虫外壳的主要成分, 具有经 体内溶菌酶分解后可被机体组织吸收的独特性能。 材料无毒、 无味, 与机体组织相容性好, 无免疫抗原反应, 并具有抗菌、 消炎、 止血、 镇痛及促进愈合的功能。
羧甲基壳聚糖是壳聚糖经羧甲基反应产生的一类甲壳素衍生物。 在众多的甲壳素衍生物中, 羧甲基壳聚糖具有十分广泛的用途, 在食 品保鲜、 化妆品及医药工业开发中具有十分重要的意义。 陈凌云等在
《羧甲基壳聚糖的结构与抗菌性能研究》 (武汉大学学报, 2000 年 4 月) 中, 探讨了羧甲基甲壳素的制备方法和其优秀的抗菌性能。 此 外, 中国发明专利(申请号 92106598. 7 , 03153650. 6 , 20040015093. 1 等等)纷纷公开了羧甲基壳聚糖在不同领域的应用。
另外, US 20050058694 提到了一种部分羧甲基壳聚糖外科敷料, 其羧甲基过程是采用一步法直接将壳聚糖纤维浸入氯乙酸和氢氧化钠 混和的水 /酒精溶液中, 所得的敷料遇水后呈半透明的胶状物质, 纤维 结构可见。 将羧甲基化纤维通过非织造工艺制成无纺布时, 由于羧甲 基化纤维易吸水, 所以会给后面的无紡布加工时的开松, 成网带来困 难, 而且经无纺布机加工后, 羧甲基化纤维表面的油剂会使无纺布产 生疏水性, 从而影响了敷料的吸液性能。 发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题之一是提供一种抗菌医用敷料的制造方 法, 用于外科创伤、 烧伤、 烫伤及其他慢性伤口等, 覆盖创面可防止 体液中的水分损失, 为伤口愈合提供一个积极的湿润环境, 并保持创 面不积液, 无浸蚀, 隔绝细菌感染, 并可起到消炎、 止血、 镇痛, 促 进组织愈合的作用。
本发明要解决的另一技术问题是在己有技术中, 将羧甲基化纤维 通过非织造工艺制成无纺布时而导致疏水的缺点, 该缺点影响了敷料 的吸液性能。,
本发明要解决的技术问题之三是, 现有技术中, 将羧甲基化纤维 通过非织造工艺制成无纺布时, 由于羧甲基化纤维易吸水, 所以会给 后面的无纺布加工时的开松, 成网带来困难的问题。 为解决上述技术问题, 本发明利用如下的二步法制备羧甲基壳聚 糖敷料: ' 将壳聚糖纤维浸入浓度 40〜50 %NaOH溶液中, 浴比 1 : 20〜60, 室温下反应 0. 5〜6小时, 生成碱化壳聚糖纤维, 将碱化后的产物用无 水酒精洗净;
将此产物在异丙醇中与氯乙酸反应, 氯乙酸浓度为 20〜40%, 反应 温度 35〜75°C, 反应时间 1〜8 小时, 反应结束, 除去多余溶液, 用 无水乙醇洗净, 风干即为羧甲基壳聚糖纤维。
风干后的羧甲基壳聚糖纤维经开松、 成网、 针刺制成 30〜200g/m2 的无纺布, 经裁切、 包装、 消毒即可制成羧甲基壳聚糖抗菌敷料。 . 作为该方法的优选技术方案, 在风干后切断幵松前, 加入壳聚糖 纤维, 壳聚糖纤维和羧甲基壳聚糖纤维比例为质量比 1 : 9 到 9 : 1, 经 后处理后可进一步提高医用敷料的强度。
更佳地, 本发明制备的医用敷料亦可通过各种手段加入添加剂以 改变或改善其治疗功效。 如在制作上述壳聚糖纤维时加入纳米银以改 善敷料的杀菌效果。 其制备方法如下:
在制作壳聚糖纤维时, 在纺丝溶液中按质量比 0. 1%到 1%的比例加 入纳米级银颗粒;
另外, 二步法制备羧甲基壳聚糖敷料还可以是:
.将壳聚糖纤维经切断、 开松、 成网、 针刺制成 30〜200g/m2的无 纺布;
将该无纺布浸入浓度 40〜50 %NaOH 中, 浴比 1 : 20〜60, 室温下 反应 0. 5〜6小时, 生成碱化壳聚糖无纺布, 将碱化后的产物用无水酒 精洗净;
将此产物在异丙醇中与氯乙酸反应, 氯乙酸浓度为 20〜40% , 反 应温度 35〜75 °C, 反应时间 1〜8 小时, 反应结束, 除去多余溶液, 用无水乙醇洗净, 风干;
经裁切、 包装、 消毒, 即为羧甲基壳聚糖无纺布敷料。
上述敷料遇水即溶胀形成有弹性的凝胶体, 可吸收本身重量 30倍 左右的水分, 远远高于其他医用敷料。 本发明羧甲基壳聚糖纤维的单丝纤度为 0. 5〜5dtex, 强度为 0. 8〜2. 2cN/dtex, 羧甲基取代度 γ值控制在 0. 4到 0. 8。
本发明制备的医用敷料亦可通过以下手段改变或改善其治疗功 效, 即在制作羧甲基壳聚糖纤维或羧甲基壳聚糖无纺布时引入银离子 以改善敷料的杀菌效果, 其制备方法如下:
将制备好的羧甲基壳聚糖纤维或羧甲基壳聚糖无纺布浸泡在用乙 醇溶解的硝酸银溶液中进行钠离子和银离子的交换, 硝酸银溶液浓度 为 0. 5%〜10%, 反应温度 20〜30°C, 反应时间 0. 5〜2 小时, 反应结 束, 除去多余溶液, 用无水乙醇洗净, 风干即可。
本发明制备的医用敷料亦可通过等离子体处理提高亲水性, 而通 过交联处理提高其保水性。
等离子体处理提高医用敷料的亲水性的机理是利用等离子体处 理, 在惰性气体或者亲水性物质为载体的情况下, 使医用敷料表面的 化学键打开从而便于接枝上亲水性基团, 从而很大程度的提高其亲水 性。 等离子体引发聚合是把等离子体作为一种能源作短时间照射 (数 秒到数分钟) 然后放置在适当温度下进行聚合, 其引发反应从气相中 开始, 链增长和链终止反应是在液相或固相中进行的。 低温等离子体 引发反应能有效地改善生物医用材料的特性, 其特点为: (1)对材料表 面的作用深度仅数十纳米, 不会影响基体材料的性质; (2)能够处理各 种形状的表面; (3)有较强的杀菌作用, 是生物医用材料较为理想的表 面处理技术。
将所制备的医用敷料进行常压等离子体处理, 在常压下, 利用等 离子体放电, 其放电功率为 20W〜100W, 放电时间为 10秒〜 30分钟,. 然后将其置于一定的亲水性溶液中浸泡 5秒〜 60分钟。
将所制备的医用敷料进行低温等离子体处理, 将制成的无纺布敷 料并列放置于连接有电容耦合的等离子体反应装置中;
对敷料进行亲水接枝或者聚合, 其工作条件为真空下通改性气体 到反应器中, 改性压强为 20〜80Pa, 改性时间为 1〜30分钟;
改性后进行接枝聚合, 本底真空为 2〜8Pa, 辉光放电, 接枝聚合 压强为 10〜60Pa, 时间为 2〜60分钟, 放电功率 30~80W。 等离子体处理后敷料遇水即溶胀形成有弹性的凝胶体, 可吸收本 身重量 30倍以上重量的水分, 高于未处理的医用敷料。
. 对抗菌医用敷料进行的交联处理, 是为了克服未交联医用敷料遇 液体后形成的凝胶随时间推移有小部分溶解的缺陷, 其交联处理方法 分别为:
热交联: 将一定大小的医用敷料放入真空烘箱中, 抽真空, 在 50〜80°C的温度下预热 1〜5小时; 将真空干燥箱的温度升至 80〜140 °C,.加热交联处理 2 小时〜 4 天。 在保持真空的状态下降低真空烘箱 中的温度至室温后将材料取出。
化学交联: 将所制备的医用敷料进行化学交联处理, 将一定大小 的医用敷料浸入戊二醛溶液中, 室温下浸泡 5〜60分钟; 用酸调溶液至 酸性, 室温下处理 2〜48 小时, 用磷酸盐缓冲溶液反复冲洗医用敷 料, 直至去除未交联的交联剂。
紫外交联: 将一定大小的医用敷料放入 235〜300nm波长的紫外 灯下; 分别对医用敷料进行紫外照射的时间为 5分钟〜 60分钟。
应用上述等离子体和交联的处理方法, 可以很大程度的提高医用 敷料的实用性, 不但进一步提高了敷料的亲水性, 并且克服了未处理 敷料遇水形成的凝胶随时间的推移易溶的缺点。 用于各种手术伤口渗 血处止血, 并可留存体内被吸收。 用于外科创伤、 烧伤、 烫伤及其他 慢性伤口等, 覆盖创面可防止体液中的水分损失, 为伤口愈合提供一 ' 个积极的湿润环境, 并保持创面不积液, 无浸蚀, 隔绝细菌感染, 并 可起到消炎、 止血、 促进组织愈合的作用。
本发明制备的医用敷料适合外科、 烧伤科领域的应用, 可用于制 ' 备外科创伤、 烧烫伤以及慢性伤口敷料。
本发明制备的医用敷料, 经开松处理可制成创伤消炎止血棉和创 伤消.炎引流棉条, 用于各种手术伤口渗血处止血, 并可留存体内被吸 收。
本发明制备的医用敷料亦可作为复合敷料的内层敷料以方便使 用。 如在其外层加上单面带胶的透明或非透明的薄膜, 以制成手术伤 口使用的敷贴。 和现有技术相比, 本发明具有以下有益效果: 本发明制备的抗菌 医用敷料, 用于外科创伤、 烧伤、 烫伤及其他慢性伤口等, 覆盖创面 可防止体液中的水分损失, 为伤口愈合提供一个积极的湿润环境, 并 保持创面不积液, 无浸蚀, 隔绝细菌感染, 并可起到消炎、 止血、 镇 痛, 促进组织愈合的作用。
另外, 本发明方法解决了已有技术中, 将羧甲基化纤维通过非织 造工艺制成无纺布时而导致疏水的缺点, 也解决了现有技术中, 将羧 甲基化纤维通过非织造工艺制成无纺布时, 给后面的无纺布加工时的 幵松、 成网带来的困难。 具体实施方式
以下通过实施例对本发明作进一步的阐述:
实施例 1:
' 将 100克壳聚糖纤维浸入浓度 40 % NaOH溶液中, 浴比 1 : 20, 室 温下反应 0. 5 小时, 生成碱化壳聚糖纤维; 将碱化后的产物用无水酒 精洗净; 将此产物再在异丙醇中与氯乙酸反应, 氯乙酸浓度为 20%, 反应温度 35°C, 反应时间 1小时, 反应结束, 除去多余溶液, 用无水 乙醇洗净, 风千即为羧甲基壳聚糖纤维。 此产物经切断、 开松、 成 网、 针刺制成 50 克 /m2的无纺布, 经裁切、 包装、 消毒即可制成敷 料, 称为 al。 适合创面小于 10cm2的伤口。
实施例 2 :
按质量比 9 : 1将壳聚糖纤维与制备 al所用羧甲基壳聚糖纤维经过 混合、 开松、 成网、 针剌制成 100 克 / m2无纺布, 经裁切、 包装、 消 毒即可制成敷料, 称为 a2。 适合较大创伤的烧烫伤使用。
实施例 3:
在制备 a2 所述壳聚糖纤维时, 在纺丝溶液中按质量比 0. 1%的比 例加入纳米级银颗粒, 便可制成含有纳米银颗粒的壳聚糖纤维和羧申 基壳聚糖纤维混纺的无纺布医用敷料, 该产物称为 a3。
实施例 4 : 将 al中的羧甲基壳聚糖纤维浸泡在用乙醇溶解的硝酸银溶液中进 行钠离子和银离子的交换。 硝酸银溶液浓度为 0. 5 %, 反应温度 20 °C, 反应时间 0. 5 小时, 反应结束, 除去多余溶液, 用无水乙醇洗 净, 风干即为含有银离子的羧甲基壳聚糖纤维。 最终制成含有银离子 的羧甲基壳聚糖纤维的无紡布医用敷料, 称为 a4。
实施例 5 :
将 100克壳聚糖纤维浸入浓度 45 % NaOH溶液中, 浴比 1 : 40, 室 温下反应 1 小时, 生成碱化壳聚糖纤维; 将碱化后的产物用无水酒精 洗净; 将此产物再在异丙醇中与氯乙酸反应, 氯乙酸浓度为 30%, 反 应温度 60°C, 反应时间 3小时, 反应结束, 除去多余溶液, 用无水乙 醇洗净, 风干即为羧甲基壳聚糖纤维。 此产物经切断、 开松、 成网、 针刺制成 50 克 /m2的无纺布, 经裁切、 包装、 消毒即可制成敷料, 称 为 bl。 适合创面小于 10cm2的伤口。
实施例 6 : .
按质量比 8 : 2将壳聚糖纤维与制备 bl所用的羧甲基壳聚糖纤维经 过混合、 开松、 成网、 针刺制成 100 克 / m2无纺布, 经裁切、 包装、. 消毒即可制成敷料, 为 b2。 适合较大创伤的烧烫伤使用。
实施例 7 :
在制备 b2 所述壳聚糖纤维时, 在纺丝溶液中按质量比 0. 5%的比 例加入纳米级银颗粒, 便可制成含有纳米银颗粒的壳聚糖纤维和羧甲 基壳聚糖纤维混纺的无纺布医用敷料,.该产物称为 b3。
实施例 8 :
将 bl中的羧甲基壳聚糖纤维浸泡在用乙醇溶解的硝酸银溶液中进 行钠离子和银离子的交换。 硝酸银溶液浓度为 5%, 反应温度 25Ό, 反应时间 1 小时, 反应结束, 除去多余溶液, 用无水乙醇洗净, 风干 即为含有银离子的羧甲基壳聚糖纤维。 最终制成含有银离子的羧甲基 壳聚糖纤维的无纺布医用敷料, 称为 b4。 .
'实施例 9: - 将 100克壳聚糖纤维浸入浓度 50 % NaOH溶液中, 浴比 1 : 60, 室温下 反应 6 小时, 生成碱化壳聚糖纤维; 将碱化后的产物用无水酒精洗 净; 将此产物再在异丙醇中与氯乙酸反应, 氯乙酸浓度为 40%, 反应 温度 75°C, 反应时间 8小时, 反应结束, 除去多余溶液, 用无水乙醇 洗净, 风干即为羧甲基壳聚糖纤维。 此产物经切断、 开松、 成网、 针 刺制成 50 克 /m2的无纺布, 经裁切、 包装、 消毒即可制成敷料, 称为 c l o 适合创面小于 10cm2的伤口。
实施例 10 :
按质量比 1 : 9将壳聚糖纤维与制备 cl所用的羧甲基壳聚糖纤维经 过混合、 开松、 成网、 针刺制成 100 克 / m2无纺布, 经裁切、 包装、 消毒即 ¾J制成敷料, 称为 c2。 。 适合较大创伤的烧烫伤使用。
实施例 11 :
在制备 c2 所述壳聚糖纤维时, 在纺丝溶液中按质量比 1%的比例 加入纳米级银颗粒, 便可制成含有纳米银颗粒的壳聚糖纤维和羧甲基 壳聚糖纤维混纺的无纺布医用敷料, 该产物称为 c3。 ·
实施例 12 :
将 cl中的羧甲基壳聚糖纤维浸泡在用乙醇溶解的硝酸银溶液中进行钠 离子和银离子的交换。 硝酸银溶液浓度为 10%, 反应温度 30°C, 反应 时间 2 小时, 反应结束, 除去多余溶液, 用无水乙醇洗净, 风干即为 含有银离子的羧甲基壳聚糖纤维。 最终制成含有银离子的羧甲基壳聚 糖纤维的无纺布医用敷^ 1·, 称为 c4。
实施例 13 :
将 100克壳聚糖无纺布浸入浓度 40 % NaOH溶液中, 浴比 1 : 20, 室温下反应 0. 5 小时, 生成碱化壳聚糖无纺布; 将碱化后的产物用无 水酒精洗净; 将此产物再在异丙醇中与氯乙酸反应, 氯乙酸浓度为 20%, 反应温度 35°C, 反应时间 1 小时, 反应结束, 除去多余溶液, 用无水乙醇洗净, 风干即为羧甲基壳聚糖无纺布, 经裁切、 包装、 消 毒即可制成敷料, 该产物称为 dl。 适合创面小于 10cm2的伤口。
实施例 14 :
将制备 dl的羧甲基壳聚糖无纺布浸泡在用乙醇溶解的硝酸银溶液 中进行钠离子和银离子的交换。 硝酸银溶液浓度为 0. 5 % , 反应温度 20°C , 反应时间 0. 5 小时, 反应结束, 除去多余溶液, 用无水乙醇洗 净, 风干即为含有银离子的羧甲基壳聚糖无纺布, '该产物称为 d2。
实施例 15 :
将 100克壳聚糖无纺布浸入浓度 45 % NaOH溶液中, 浴比 1 : 40, 室温下反应 1 小时, 生成碱化壳聚糖无纺布; 将碱化后的产物用无水 酒精洗净; 将此产物再在异丙醇中与氯乙酸反应, 氯乙酸浓度为 30%, 反应温度 60°C, 反应时间 3 小时, 反应结束, 除去多余溶液, 用无水乙醇洗净, 风干即为羧甲基壳聚糖无纺布, 经裁切、 包装、 消 毒即可制成敷料, 该产物称为 el。 适合创面小于 10cm2的伤口。
实施例 16 :
将制备 el的羧甲基壳聚糖无纺布浸泡在用乙醇溶解的硝酸银溶液 中进行钠离子和银离子的交换。 硝酸银溶液浓度为 5 %, 反应温度 25 °C, 反应时间 1 小时, 反应结束, 除去多余溶液, 用无水乙醇洗净, 风干即为含有银离子的羧甲基壳聚糖无紡布, 该产物称为 e2。
实施例 17 :
将 100克壳聚糖无纺布浸入浓度 50. % NaOH溶液中, 浴比 1 : 60, 室温下反应 6 小时, 生成碱化壳聚糖无紡布; 将碱化后的产物用无水 酒精洗净; 将此产物再在异丙醇中与氯乙酸反应, 氯乙酸浓度为 40%, 反应温度 75°C, 反应时间 8 小时, 反应结束, 除去多余溶液, 用无水乙醇洗净, 风干即为羧甲基壳聚糖无紡布, 经裁切、 包装、 消 毒即可制成敷料, 该产物称为 Π。 适合创面小于 lOcrn2的伤口。
实施例 18 :
将制备 fl的羧甲基壳聚糖无纺布浸泡在用乙醇溶解的硝酸银溶液 中进行钠离子和银离子的交换。 硝酸银溶液浓度为 10%, 反应温度 30 V,. 反应时间 2 小时, 反应结束, 除去多余溶液, 用无水乙醇洗净, 风干即为含有银离子的羧甲基壳聚糖无纺布, 该产物称为 f2。
实施例 19 :
将敷料 al并列放置于连接有电容耦合的等离子体反应装置中。 对 敷料进行亲水接枝或者聚合,' 其工作条件为真空下通氧气到反应器 中, 改性后进行接枝聚合, 本底真空为 2Pa, 辉光放电。 改性压强为 20Pa, 改性时间为 1分钟; 接枝聚合压强为 10Pa, 时间为 2分钟, 放电 功率为 30W。 得到的产品称为 Al。
实施例 20 :
将敷料 al并列放置于连接有电容耦合的等离子体反应装置中。 对 敷料进行亲水接枝或者聚合, 其工作条件为真空下通氮气 (或氢气) 到反应器中, 改性后进行接枝聚合, 本底真空为 6Pa, 辉光放电。 改 性压强为 40Pa, 改性时间为 15分钟; 接枝聚合压强为 30Pa, 时间为 20 分钟, 放电功率为 50W。 得到的产品称为 Bl。
实施例 21 :
将敷料 al并列放置于连接有电容耦合的等离子体反应装置中。 对 敷料进行亲水接枝或者聚合, 其工作条件为真空下通惰性气体到反应 器中, 改性后进行接枝聚合, 本底真空为 8Pa, 辉光放电。 改性压强 为 80Pa, 改性时伺为 30分钟; 接枝聚合压强为 60Pa, 时间为 60分钟, 放电功率为 80W。 得到的产品称为 Cl。
实施例 22 : ' 将敷料 al 放入真空烘箱中进行热交联, 于 50Ό下抽真空 1 小 时; 将真空干燥箱的温度升至 80°C, 加热处理时间为 2小时; 在保持 真空的状态下降低真空烘箱中的温度至室温后将材料取出, 处理好的 敷料经灭菌, 得到产品 A2, 保存备用。
实施例 23:
将敷料 al 放入真空烘箱中进行热交联, 于 60°C下抽真空 3 小 时; 将真空干燥铕的温度升至 120°C, 加热处理处理时间为 1 天; 在 保持真空的状态下降低真空烘箱中的温度至室温后将材料取出, 处理 好的敷料经灭菌, 得到产品 B2, 保存备用。
实施例 24 :
将敷料 al 放入真空烘箱中进行热交联, 于 80°C下抽真空 5 小 时; 将真空干燥箱的温度升至 140°C, 加热处理处理时间为 4 天; 在 保持真空的状态下降低真空烘箱中的温度至室温后将材料取出, 处理 好的敷料经灭菌, 得到产品 C2, 保存备用。
实施例 25 : 将敷料 al浸入戊二醛溶液中, 室温下浸泡 5分钟; 用酸调溶液至 酸性, 室温下交联 2小时; 用磷酸盐缓冲溶液反复冲洗医用敷料, 直至 去除未交联的交联剂, 处理好的敷料经灭菌, 得到产品 A3, 保存备 用。
实施例 26 :
将敷料 al浸入戊二醛溶液中, 室温下浸泡 30分钟; 用酸调溶液至 酸性, 室温下交联 24小时; 用磷酸盐缓冲溶液反复冲洗医用敷料, 直 至去除未交联的交联剂, 处理好的敷料经灭菌, 得到产品 B3, 保存备 用。
实施例 27 :
将敷料 al浸入戊二醛溶液中, 室温下浸泡 60分钟; 用酸调溶液 至酸性, 室温下交联 48小时; 用磷酸盐缓冲溶液反复冲洗医用敷料,: 直至去除未交联的交联剂, 处理好的敷料经灭菌, 得到产品 C3, 保存 备用
' 实施例 28 :
将敷料 al放入波长为 253. 7nm的紫外灯下; 对医用敷料进行紫外 照射的时间为 5 分钟, 进行紫外交联, 处理好的敷料经灭菌, 得到产 '品 A4, 保存备用。
实施例 29 :
将敷料 al放入波长为 253. 7nm的紫外灯下; 对医用敷料进行紫外 照射的时间为 30分钟, 进行紫外交联, 处理好的敷料经灭菌, 得到产 品 B4, 保存备用。
实施例 30 :
将敷料 al放入波长为 253. 7nm的紫外灯下; 对医用敷料进行紫外 照射的时间为 60分钟, 进行紫外交联, 处理好的敷料经灭菌, 得到产 品 C4, 保存备用。
实施例 31 :
将按实施例 1至 10制成的无纺布敷料裁切成 10cmX 10cm, 经包 装、 消毒即可制得外科创伤、 烧烫伤以及慢性伤口敷料。
实施例 32 : 将按实施例 1至 10制成的无纺布敷料裁切成 4cmX 20cm, 然后 贴在单面有医用胶的 9CmX 25cm 的透明薄膜的带胶面, 并在带胶面贴 上硅纸, 经包装、 消毒即可制得手术敷贴。
实施例 33 :
将按实施例 1至 10制成的无紡布经包装、 消毒即可制得创伤消炎 止血棉球0
实施例 34 :
将按实施例 1 至.10 制成的无纺布敷料裁切成 4cmX 20cm, 经包 装、 消毒即可制得创伤消炎引流棉条。
以下通过试验例对本发明的效果作进一步的阐述:
试验例 1 羧甲基壳聚糖敷料抑菌试验结果 1
试验样品为按照实施例 1〜18 制成的产品; 对照样品为普通医用 纱布 (上海针织二十一厂) 。
检验技术依据为 AATCC100— 1999后整理织物抗菌性能评价。 表 1, 抑菌试验结果
耐甲氧西林
大肠杆菌 铜绿假单胞菌 粪肠球菌 组别
(ATCC8099) (ATCC27653) (ATCC51575 ) 球菌
对照
4..73% 27. 1% 6. 47% 0 组
al 〉99% 〉99% >99% 〉99% a2 >99% >99% 〉99% 〉99% a3 〉99% 〉99% 〉99% 〉99% a4. 〉99% 〉99% 〉99% >99% bl >99% 〉99% 〉99% 〉99% b2 〉99% 〉99% 〉99% >99% b3 〉99% >99% >99% 〉99% b4 〉99% 〉99% 〉99% >99% cl 〉99% 〉99% >99% 〉99% c2 〉99% 〉99% 〉99% >99% c3 〉99% >99% .〉99% >99% c4 〉99% >99% >99% 〉99% dl 〉99% 〉99% 〉99% >99% d2 〉99% 〉99% 〉99% 〉99% el 〉99% 〉99% 〉99% 〉99% e2 〉99% 〉99% 〉99% 〉99% fl 〉99% 〉99% >99% 〉99% f2 〉99% 〉99% 〉99% >99% 与对
照组 均〉 26 % 注 1.本试验不加样品振荡前后平均菌落数差值〈10%试验有效。
2.当试验样本抑菌率与对照样本抑菌率差值 >26 %可以认定试验样本有 抗菌作用
根据上述结果, 按照实施例 1〜18制成的产品均具有抗菌作用。 试验例 2 液体吸收试验 1
试样的制备: 按照实施例 1所制得的羧甲基壳聚糖无纺布 al (试 验样品) , 按照实施例 19— 21 经低温等离子处理后的产品 Al, Bl, CI (试验样本) , 普通医用双层纱布 (对照样品, 上海针织二 H ""— 厂 ) , 均剪成 5cmX 5cm。
试验溶液制备: 8. 298g氯化钠和 0. 368g氯化钙, 溶于 1000ml去 离子水。
测试设备
分析天平 (精度 O. OOlg) ; 恒温箱; 皮式培养皿。
. 试验步骤
4. 1, 用天平称出样品质量 Wl, 单位 g;
4. 2, 将样品放入皮式培养皿, 加入试验溶液, 加入量为样品质量 的 40倍; 4.3, 皮式培养皿放入 37°C的恒温箱中, 30分钟后取出;
4.4, 用镊子将样品夹起, 悬在空中 30秒
4.5, 用天平称出此时的重量 W2, 单位 g;
4.6, 液体吸收性按下列公式计算:
a=( W2- Wl)/ W1 , a为吸液性
4.7, 取两次试验结果的算术平均值 (见表 2) 表 2, 液体吸收试验
Figure imgf000016_0001
结果: al 的液体吸收能力 (吸液性) 为对照样本的 2.03 倍, A1 的液体吸收能力 (吸液性) 为 al的 1.09倍, 为对照样本的 2.14倍, B1 的液体吸收能力 (吸液性) 为 al 的 1.13倍, 为对照样本的 2.29 倍, C1 的液体吸收能力 (吸液性) 为 al 的 1.12 倍, 为对照样本的 2.27倍。 这证明等离子体处理能提高医用敷料的亲水性。 试验例 3湿断裂强度试验
1, 试样的制备: 按照实施例 22〜30 经各种交联处理后的抗菌医 用敷料 (试验样本) , 按照实施例 1 制成的未经交联处理的抗菌医用 敷料 al (对照样本) , 均剪成 2cmX4cm;
2, 将样品放入去离子水溶液中, 加入量为样品质量的 40倍;
3, 放入 37°C的恒温箱中, 30分钟后取出;
4, 用镊子将样品夹起, 悬在空中 30秒; 5, 将样品的一端装夹于万能材料测试机 (型号: DXLL 电子拉力 机- 20000 ) 的上钳口, 使样品自然下垂至下钳口, 然后将下钳口夹 紧, 此时样品不能够被伸长或处于松弛状态。
6, 设置拉伸速度为 100mm/分钟, 使样品被扯断;
7, 记录样品的最大扯断力, 单位为 N.
8 , 试验结果的计算
湿断裂强度 (N/cm) =最大扯断力 (N) /样品宽度 (cm)
' 9, 试验结果的表示
取两次试验结果的算术平均值 (见表 3 ) 。 湿断裂强度试验
Figure imgf000017_0001
注: 1.对照样本遇液体后形成的凝胶随时间推移发生部分溶解,- 无法测湿断裂强度。 2.试验样本遇液体后形成的凝胶随时间推移未发 生溶解, 并具有一定的湿强度, 其中化学交联后最高可达 3N/cm 以上 的湿断裂强度。

Claims

权利要求 1. 一种抗菌医用敷料的制造方法, 包括将壳聚糖纤维制成羧甲基壳 聚糖无纺布, 再经裁切、 包装、 消毒制得医用敷料, 其中, 将壳聚糖 纤维制成羧甲基壳聚糖无纺布的步骤为- 将壳聚糖纤维浸入浓度 40〜50 %NaOH溶液中, 浴比 1 : 20〜60, 室 温下反应 0. 5〜6小时, 生成碱化壳聚糖纤维, 将碱化后的产物用无水 酒精洗净;
将产物在异丙醇中与氯乙酸反应, 氯乙酸浓度为 20〜40% , 反应 温度 35〜75°C, 反应时间 1〜8小时;
, 除去多余溶液, 用无水乙醇洗净, 风干, 得到羧甲基壳聚糖纤 维;
经切断、 开松、 成网、 针刺制成无纺布。
2. 按照权利要求 1所述的抗菌医用敷料的制造方法, 其特征是: 将 羧甲基壳聚糖纤维浸泡在用乙醇溶解的硝酸银溶液中进行钠离子和银 离子的交换, 硝酸银溶液浓度为 0. 5%〜: 10%, 反应温度 20〜30°C , 反应 时间 0. 5〜2小时, 反应结束, 除去多余溶液, 用无水乙醇洗净, 风 干。
3. 按照权利要求 1或 2所述的抗菌医用敷料的制造方法, 其特征是: 在风干后切断开松前, 加入壳聚糖纤维, 壳聚糖纤维和羧甲基壳聚糖 纤维质量比为 1 : 9到 9 : 1。
4. 按照权利要求 3所述的抗菌医用敷料的制造方法, 其特征是: 在 制备壳聚糖纤维时, 在紡丝溶液中按质量比 0. 1%到 1%的比例加入纳米 级银颗粒。
5. —种抗菌医用敷料的制造方法, 包括将壳聚糖纤维制成羧甲基壳 聚糖无纺布, 再经裁切、 包装、 消毒制得医用敷料, 其中将壳聚糖纤 维制成羧甲基壳聚糖无纺布的步骤为:
先将壳聚糖纤维经切断、 开松、 成网、 针刺制成无纺布; 将此无纺布浸入浓度 40〜50 %NaOH 中, 浴比 1 : 20〜60, 室温下反 应 0. 5〜6小时, 生成碱化壳聚糖无纺布, 将碱化后的产物用无水酒精 洗净;
将此产物在异丙醇中与氯乙酸反应, 氯乙酸浓度为 20〜40% , 反 应温度 35〜75°C, 反应时间 1〜8小时;
除去多余溶液, 用无水乙醇洗净, 风干, 得到羧甲基壳聚糖无纺 布。
6. 按照权利要求 5所述的抗菌医用敷料的制造方法, 其特征是: 将 羧甲基壳聚糖无纺布浸泡在用乙醇溶解的硝酸银溶液中进行钠离子和 银离子的交换, 硝酸银溶液浓度为 0. 5%〜10%, 反应温度 20〜30°C, 反 应时间 0. 5〜2小时, 反应结束, 除去多余溶液, 用无水乙醇洗净, 风 干。
7. 按照权利要求 1至 6中任一项所述的抗菌医用敷料的制造方法, 其特征是:
' 将所制备的医用敷料进行低温等离子体处理, 将制成的无纺布敷 料并列放置于连接有电容耦合的等离子体反应装置中;
对敷料进行亲水接枝或者聚合, 其工作条件为真空下通改性气体 到反应器中, 本底真空为 2〜8Pa, 辉光放电, 改性压强为 20〜80Pa, 改性时间为 1〜30分钟;
改性后进行接枝聚合, 本底真空为 2〜8Pa, 辉光放电, 接枝聚合 压强为 10〜60Pa, 时间为 2〜60分钟, 放电功率 3(T80W。
8. 按照权利要求 1至 6中任一项所述的抗菌医用敷料的制造方法, 其 特征是: 将所制备的医用敷料进行热交联处理, 将一定大小的医用敷 料放入真空烘箱中, 抽真空, 在 50〜80 °C的温度下预热 1〜5小时; 将 真空干燥箱的温度升至 80〜140°C, 加热交联处理 2小时〜 4天, 在保持 真空的状态下 '降低真空烘箱中的温度至室温后将材料取出。
9. 按照权利要求 1至 6中任一项所述的抗菌医用敷料的制造方法, 其 特征是: 将所制备的医用敷料进行化学交联处理, 将一定大小的医用 敷料浸入戊二醛溶液中, 室温下浸泡 5〜60分钟; 用酸调溶液至酸性, 室温下处理 2〜48小时, 用磷酸盐缓冲溶液反复冲洗医用敷料, 直至去 除未交联的交联剂。
10. 按照权利要求 1至 6中任一项所述的抗菌医用敷料的制造方法, 其 特征是: 将所制备的医用敷料进行紫外交联处理, 将一定大小的医用 敷料放入紫外灯下, 对医用敷料进行紫外照射交联 5分钟〜 60分钟。
11. 按照权利要求 1至 10中任一项所述方法制造的抗菌医用敷料在制 备外科创伤、 烧烫伤以及慢性伤口敷料中的应用。
12. 按照权利要求 1至 10中任一项所述方法制造的抗菌医用敷料在制 备创伤消炎止血棉球中的应用。
13. 按照权利要求 1至 10中任一项所述方法制造的抗菌医用敷料在制 备创伤消炎引流棉条中的应用。
14. 按照权利要求 1至 10中任一项所述方法所制造的抗菌医用敷料 用于复合敷料的内层制成手术敷贴。
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