WO2006060192A2 - Derives de pyrazole - Google Patents

Derives de pyrazole Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2006060192A2
WO2006060192A2 PCT/US2005/041903 US2005041903W WO2006060192A2 WO 2006060192 A2 WO2006060192 A2 WO 2006060192A2 US 2005041903 W US2005041903 W US 2005041903W WO 2006060192 A2 WO2006060192 A2 WO 2006060192A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
chlorophenyl
phenyl
dihydro
pyrazole
sulfonyl
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PCT/US2005/041903
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English (en)
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WO2006060192A3 (fr
Inventor
Zahra Fathi
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Bayer Pharmaceuticals Corporation
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Publication of WO2006060192A2 publication Critical patent/WO2006060192A2/fr
Publication of WO2006060192A3 publication Critical patent/WO2006060192A3/fr

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/41—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with two or more ring hetero atoms, at least one of which being nitrogen, e.g. tetrazole
    • A61K31/415—1,2-Diazoles

Definitions

  • This invention relates to pyrazole derivatives as cannabinoid receptor ligands which are useful in the treatment of diseases linked to the modulation of the cannabinoid receptors.
  • cannabinoids The pharmacological effects of cannabinoids pertain to a variety of areas such as the central nervous system, the cardiovascular system, the immune system and/or endocrine system.
  • compounds possessing an affinity for the cannabinoid receptors are useful as agents acting on the central nervous system and as immunomodulators, in thymic disorders, myorelaxation, various types of neuropathy, memory disorders, dyskinesia, anticancer chemotherapy, ischemia and angor, orthostatic hypotension, and cardiac insufficiency.
  • diseases, conditions, and/or disorders modulated by cannabinoid receptor antagonists include eating disorders (e.g., binge eating disorder, anorexia, and bulimia), weight loss or control (e.g., reduction in calorie or food intake, and/or appetite suppression), obesity, depression, atypical depression, bipolar disorders, psychoses, schizophrenia, behavioral addictions, suppression of reward-related behaviors (e.g., conditioned place avoidance, such as suppression of ***e- and morphine- induced conditioned place preference), substance abuse, addictive disorders, impulsivity, alcoholism (e.g., alcohol abuse, addiction and/or dependence including treatment for abstinence, craving reduction and relapse prevention of alcohol intake), tobacco abuse (e.g., smoking addiction, cessation and/or dependence including treatment for craving reduction and relapse prevention of tobacco smoking), dementia (including memory loss, Alzheimer's disease, dementia of aging, vascular dementia, mild cognitive impairment, age-related cognitive decline, and mild neurocognitive disorder), sexual dysfunction in males (
  • cannabinoid receptor antagonists may be used for the treatment of neuroinflammatory pathologies including conditions involving demyelinization such as multiple sclerosis or Guillain-Barre syndrome, and viral encephalitis, cerebrovascular accidents and cranial trauma.
  • Cannabinoid receptor antagonists may also be used for the treatment of neurological disorders such as dystonia, muscle spasticity, tremor, traumatic brain injury, stroke, spinal cord injury, and neurodegenerative disorders.
  • Cannabinoid receptor ligands may also be useful in treating conditions characterized by inflammation and immunomodulatory irregularities such as cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, sepsis, shock, sarcoidosis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, retinal disease, scleroderma, osteoporosis, renal ischemia, myocardial infarction, cerebral ischemia, nephritis, hepatitis, glomerulonephritis, cryptogenic fibrosing aveolitis, psoriasis, transplant rejection, atopic dermatitis, vasculitis, allergy, seasonal allergic rhinitis, Crohn's disease, inflammatory bowel disease, reversible airway obstruction, adult respiratory distress syndrome, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or bronchitis.
  • the pyrazole derivatives of the present invention which act as cannabinoid receptor ligands, are useful in the treatment of diseases linked to the modulation of the cannabinoid receptors.
  • the invention relates to pyrazole derivatives that have utility in the treatment of diseases linked to the modulation of the cannabinoid receptors, said derivatives of the Formula (I), prodrugs thereof, tautomers thereof and salts thereof
  • R and R 1 are the same or different and represent phenyl, thienyl or pyridyl which groups may be substituted with 1, 2, or 3 substituents Y, which can be the same or different, from the group (Ci-C 3 )-alkyl, (C r C 3 )-alkoxy, hydroxy, halogen, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethylthio, trifluoromethoxy, nitro, amino, mono (C 1 - C 2 )-amino, dialkyl (Ci-C 2 )-amino, mono (Ci-C 2 )-amido, dialkyl (Ci-C 2 )-amido, (C r C 3 )-alkyl sulfonyl, dimethylsulfamido, (Ci-C 3 )-alkoxycarbonyl, carboxyl, trifluoromethylsulfonyl, cyano, carbamoyl, sulfamoy
  • R and/or Ri represent naphtyl
  • R 2 represents hydrogen, hydroxy, (Ci-C 3 )-alkoxy, acetyloxy, or propionyloxy;
  • Aa represents one of the groups (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), or (v)
  • R 4 and R 5 independently of each other represent hydrogen or (Ci-C 8 ) branched or unbranched alkyl or (C 3 -C 8 )cycloalkyl,
  • R 4 represents acetamido, dimethylamino, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, phenyl, or pyridyl with the proviso that R 5 represents hydrogen;
  • Re represents hydrogen or (Ci-C 3 ) unbranched alkyl
  • Bb represents sulfonyl or carbonyl
  • R 3 represents benzyl, phenyl, thienyl, or pyridyl which may be substituted with 1, 2, or 3 substituents Y, which can be the same or different,
  • R 3 represents (C r C 8 ) branched or unbranched alkyl or (C 3 - C 8 )cycloalkyl
  • R 3 represents naphtyl
  • Examples of compounds of Formula (I) include, but are not limited to:
  • the invention also relates to enantiomers of pyrazole derivatives having an S configuration at the 4 position of the 4,5-dihydropyrazole ring, said derivatives of the Formula (II), prodrugs thereof, tautomers thereof and salts thereof
  • R and Ri are the same or different and represent 3-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl, or phenyl which may be substituted with halogen or methoxy;
  • R 2 and R 3 are the same or different and represent hydrogen, (Ci-C 3 )-alkyl, or dimethylamino;
  • R 4 represents phenyl which may be substituted with 1, 2, or 3 substituents selected from the group halogen, trifluoromethyl, methoxy, and (Ci-C 3 )-alkyl
  • Examples of compounds of Formula (U) include, but are not limited to:
  • any moiety when any moiety is described as being substituted, it can have one or more of the indicated substituents that can be located at any available position on the moiety. When there are two or more substituents on any moiety, each term shall be defined independently of any other in each occurrence.
  • Representative salts of the compounds of the present invention include the conventional non-toxic salts and the quaternary ammonium salts which are formed, for example, from inorganic or organic acids or bases by means well known in the art.
  • acid addition salts include acetate, adipate, alginate, ascorbate, aspartate, benzoate, benzenesulfonate, bisulfate, butyrate, citrate, camphorate, camphorsulfonate, cinnamate, cyclopentanepropionate, digluconate, dodecylsulfate, ethanesulfonate, fumarate, glucoheptanoate, glycerophosphate, hemisulfate, heptanoate, hexanoate, hydrochloride, hydrobromide, hydroiodide, 2-hydroxyethanesulfonate, itaconate, lactate, maleate, mandelate, methanes
  • Base salts include alkali metal salts such as potassium and sodium salts, alkaline earth metal salts such as calcium and magnesium salts, and ammonium salts with organic bases such as dicyclohexylamine salts and N-methyl-D-glucamine.
  • basic nitrogen containing groups may be quaternized with such agents as lower alkyl halides such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, and butyl chlorides, bromides and iodides; dialkyl sulfates like dimethyl, diethyl, and dibutyl sulfate; and diamyl sulfates, long chain halides such as decyl, lauryl, myristyl and strearyl chlorides, bromides and iodides, aralkyl halides like benzyl and phenethyl bromides and others.
  • lower alkyl halides such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, and butyl chlorides, bromides and iodides
  • dialkyl sulfates like dimethyl, diethyl, and dibutyl sulfate
  • diamyl sulfates long chain halides such as decyl, lauryl
  • the compounds of this invention may, either by nature of asymmetric centers or by restricted rotation, be present in the form of isomers. Any isomer may be present in the (R)-, (S)-, i or (R,S) configuration, preferably in the (R)- or (S)- configuration, whichever is most active.
  • AU isomers whether separated, pure, partially pure, or in racemic mixture, of the compounds of this invention are encompassed within the scope of this invention.
  • the purification of said isomers and the separation of said isomeric mixtures may be accomplished by standard techniques known in the art.
  • prodrug forms of the compounds of this invention will prove useful in certain circumstances, and such compounds are also intended to fall within the scope of the invention.
  • Prodrug forms may have advantages over the parent compounds exemplified herein, in that they are better absorbed, better distributed, more readily penetrate the central nervous system, are more slowly metabolized or cleared, etc.
  • Prodrug forms may also have formulation advantages in terms of crystallinity or water solubility.
  • compounds of the invention having one or more hydroxyl groups may be converted to esters or carbonates bearing one or more carboxyl, hydroxyl or amino groups, which are hydrolyzed at physiological pH values or are cleaved by endogenous esterases or lipases in vivo. See for example U.S. Patent Nos. 4,942,184; 4,960,790; 5,817,840; and 5,824,701 (all of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety), and references therein.
  • subject includes mammals (e.g., humans and animals).
  • treatment includes any process, action, application, therapy, or the like, wherein a subject, including a human being, is provided medical aid with the object of improving the subject's condition, directly or indirectly, or slowing the progression of a condition or disorder in the subject.
  • combination therapy means the administration of two or more therapeutic agents to treat a disease condition and/or disorder.
  • administration encompasses co-administration of two or more therapeutic agents in a substantially simultaneous manner, such as in a single capsule having a fixed ratio of active ingredients or in multiple, separate capsules for each inhibitor agent.
  • administration encompasses use of each type of therapeutic agent in a sequential manner.
  • terapéuticaally effective means the amount of each agent administered that will achieve the goal of improvement in a disease condition or disorder severity, while avoiding or minimizing adverse side effects associated with the given therapeutic treatment.
  • pharmaceutically acceptable means that the subject item is appropriate for use in a pharmaceutical product.
  • the compounds of the present invention are useful in treating diseases linked to the modulation of the cannabinoid receptors.
  • the compounds of the present invention may be used alone or in combination with additional therapies and/or compounds known to those skilled in the art in the treatment of diseases linked to the modulation of the cannabinoid receptors.
  • additional therapies and/or compounds known to those skilled in the art in the treatment of diseases linked to the modulation of the cannabinoid receptors.
  • the methods and compounds described herein may be used, partially or completely, in combination therapy.
  • Such co-therapies may be administered in any combination of two or more drugs (e.g., a compound of the invention in combination with nicotine replacement therapy and an anti-obesity drug).
  • Such co-therapies may be administered in the form of pharmaceutical compositions, as described above.
  • the effective dosage of the compounds of this invention can readily be determined for treatment of each desired indication.
  • the amount of the active ingredient (e.g., compounds) to be administered in the treatment of one of these conditions can vary widely according to such considerations as the particular compound and dosage unit employed, the mode of administration, the period of treatment, the age and sex of the patient treated, and the nature and extent of the condition treated.
  • the total amount of the active ingredient to be administered may generally range from about 0.0001 mg/kg to about 200 mg/kg, and preferably from about 0.01 mg/kg to about 200 mg/kg body weight per day.
  • a unit dosage may contain from about 0.05 mg to about 1500 mg of active ingredient, and may be administered one or more times per day.
  • the daily dosage for administration by injection, including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, and parenteral injections, and use of infusion techniques may be from about 0.01 to about 200 mg/kg.
  • the daily rectal dosage regimen may be from 0.01 to 200 mg/kg of total body weight.
  • the transdermal concentration may be that required to maintain a daily dose of from 0.01 to 200 mg/kg.
  • the specific initial and continuing dosage regimen for each patient will vary according to the nature and severity of the condition as determined by the attending diagnostician, the activity of the specific compound employed, the age of the patient, the diet of the patient, time of administration, route of administration, rate of excretion of the drug, drug combinations, and the like.
  • the desired mode of treatment and number of doses of a compound of the present invention may be ascertained by those skilled in the art using conventional treatment tests.
  • the compounds of this invention may be utilized to achieve the desired pharmacological effect by administration to a patient in need thereof in an appropriately formulated pharmaceutical composition.
  • a patient for the purpose of this invention, is a mammal, including a human, in need of treatment for a particular condition or disease. Therefore, the present invention includes pharmaceutical compositions which are comprised of a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and a therapeutically effective amount of a compound.
  • a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier is any carrier which is relatively non-toxic and innocuous to a patient at concentrations consistent with effective activity of the active ingredient so that any side effects ascribable to the carrier do not vitiate the beneficial effects of the active ingredient.
  • a therapeutically effective amount of a compound is that amount which produces a result or exerts an influence on the particular condition being treated.
  • the compounds described herein may be administered with a pharmaceutically- acceptable carrier using any effective conventional dosage unit forms, including, for example, immediate and timed release preparations, orally, parenterally, topically, or the like.
  • the compounds may be formulated into solid or liquid preparations such as, for example, capsules, pills, tablets, troches, lozenges, melts, powders, solutions, suspensions, or emulsions, and may be prepared according to methods known to the art for the manufacture of pharmaceutical compositions.
  • the solid unit dosage forms may be a capsule which can be of the ordinary hard- or soft-shelled gelatin type containing, for example, surfactants, lubricants, and inert fillers.
  • the compounds of this invention may be tableted with conventional tablet bases in combination with binders, disintegrating agents intended to assist the break-up and dissolution of the tablet following administration, lubricants intended to improve the flow of tablet granulation and to prevent the adhesion of tablet material to the surfaces of the tablet dies and punches, dyes, coloring agents, and flavoring agents intended to enhance the aesthetic qualities of the tablets and make them more acceptable to the patient.
  • Suitable excipients for use in oral liquid dosage forms include diluents either with or without the addition of a pharmaceutically acceptable surfactant, suspending agent, or emulsifying agent.
  • Various other materials may be present as coatings or to otherwise modify the physical form of the dosage unit. For instance tablets, pills or capsules may be coated with shellac, sugar or both.
  • Dispersible powders and granules are suitable for the preparation of an aqueous suspension. They provide the active ingredient in admixture with a dispersing or wetting agent, a suspending agent, and one or more preservatives. Suitable dispersing or wetting agents and suspending agents are exemplified by those already mentioned above. Additional excipients, for example, those sweetening, flavoring and coloring agents described above, may also be present.
  • compositions of this invention may also be in the form of oil-in-water emulsions.
  • the emulsions may also contain sweetening and flavoring agents.
  • Syrups and elixirs may be formulated with sweetening agents such as, for example, glycerol, propylene glycol, sorbitol, or sucrose. Such formulations may also contain a demulcent, and preservative, flavoring and coloring agents.
  • sweetening agents such as, for example, glycerol, propylene glycol, sorbitol, or sucrose.
  • Such formulations may also contain a demulcent, and preservative, flavoring and coloring agents.
  • the compounds of this invention may also be administered parenterally, that is, subcutaneously, intravenously, intramuscularly, or interperitoneally, as injectable dosages of the compound in a physiologically acceptable diluent with a pharmaceutical carrier which may be a sterile liquid or mixture of liquids with or without the addition of a pharmaceutically acceptable surfactant or emulsifying agent and other pharmaceutical adjuvants.
  • a pharmaceutical carrier which may be a sterile liquid or mixture of liquids with or without the addition of a pharmaceutically acceptable surfactant or emulsifying agent and other pharmaceutical adjuvants.
  • compositions of this invention may typically contain from about 0.5% to about 25% by weight of the active ingredient in solution. Preservatives and buffers may also be used advantageously. Ih order to minimize or eliminate irritation at the site of injection, such compositions may contain a non-ionic surfactant.
  • the pharmaceutical compositions may be in the form of sterile injectable aqueous suspensions. Such suspensions may be formulated according to known methods using suitable dispersing or wetting agents and suspending agents.
  • the sterile injectable preparation may also be a sterile injectable solution or suspension in a non-toxic parenterally acceptable diluent or solvent.
  • Diluents and solvents that may be employed are, for example, water, Ringer's solution, and isotonic sodium chloride solution.
  • sterile fixed oils are conventionally employed as solvents or suspending media.
  • any bland, fixed oil may be employed including synthetic mono or diglycerides.
  • fatty acids such as oleic acid may be used in the preparation of injectables.
  • composition of the invention may also be administered in the form of suppositories for rectal administration of the drug.
  • These compositions may be prepared by mixing the drug (e.g., compound) with a suitable non-irritation excipient which is solid at ordinary temperatures but liquid at the rectal temperature and will therefore melt in the rectum to release the drug.
  • transdermal delivery devices Such transdermal patches may be used to provide continuous or discontinuous infusion of the compounds of the present invention in controlled amounts.
  • the construction and use of transdermal patches for the delivery of pharmaceutical agents is well known in the art ⁇ see, e.g., U.S. Patent No. 5,023,252, incorporated herein by reference).
  • patches may be constructed for continuous, pulsatile, or on demand delivery of pharmaceutical agents.
  • Another formulation employs the use of biodegradable microspheres that allow controlled, sustained release.
  • Such formulations can be comprised of synthetic polymers or copolymers.
  • Such formulations allow for injection, inhalation, nasal or oral administration.
  • the construction and use of biodegradable microspheres for the delivery of pharmaceutical agents is well known in the art (e.g., U.S. Patent No. 6, 706,289, incorporated herein by reference).
  • compositions of the invention may also contain other conventional pharmaceutically acceptable compounding ingredients, generally referred to as carriers or diluents, as necessary or desired. Any of the compositions of this invention may be preserved by the addition of an antioxidant such as ascorbic acid or by other suitable preservatives. Conventional procedures for preparing such compositions in appropriate dosage forms can be utilized.
  • Formulations suitable for subcutaneous, intravenous, intramuscular, and the like; suitable pharmaceutical carriers; and techniques for formulation and administration may be prepared by any of the methods well known in the art ⁇ see, e.g., Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mack Publishing Co., Easton, Pa., 20 th edition, 2000).
  • Demonstration of the activity of the compounds of the present invention may be accomplished through in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo assays that are well known in the art. For example, to demonstrate the efficacy of a pharmaceutical agent for the treatment of a disease linked to the modulation of the cannabinoid receptors, the following assays may be used.
  • the following assays are designed to detect compounds that inhibit the binding of [ 3 H] SR141716A (selective radiolabeled CB-I ligand) and [ 3 H] 5-(l,l-dimethylheptyl)-2-[5- hydroxy- 2-(3-hydroxypropyl)- cyclohexyl] -phenol ([ 3 H] CP-55940; radiolabeled CB-l/CB-2 ligand) to their respective receptors.
  • test compounds are diluted in drug buffer (0.5% BSA, 10% DMSO and TME) and then 25 ⁇ l is added to a deep well polypropylene plate.
  • drug buffer (0.5% BSA, 10% DMSO and TME)
  • 25 ⁇ l is added to a deep well polypropylene plate.
  • SR141716A is diluted in a ligand buffer (0.5% BSA plus TME) and 25 ⁇ l is added to the plate.
  • a BCA protein assay is used to determine the appropriate tissue concentration and then 200 ⁇ l of rat brain tissue at the appropriate concentration is added to the plate.
  • the plates are covered and placed in an incubator at 20 0 C for 60 minutes. At the end of the incubation period, 250 ⁇ l of stop buffer (5% BSA plus TME) is added to the reaction plate.
  • the plates are then harvested by Skatron onto GF/B filtermats presoaked in BSA (5 mg/ml) plus TME. Each filter is washed twice. The filters are dried overnight and then, the filters are counted on a Wallac Betaplate® counter (available from PerkinElmer Life Sciences®, Boston, Mass.).
  • a protein assay is performed and 200 ⁇ l of tissue totaling 20 ⁇ g is added to the assay.
  • test compounds are diluted in drug buffer (0.5% BSA, 10% DMSO and TME) and then 25 ⁇ l is added to a deep well polypropylene plate.
  • SR141716A is diluted in a ligand buffer (0.5% BSA plus TME) and 25 ⁇ l is added to the plate.
  • the plates are covered and placed in an incubator at 3O 0 C for 60 minutes. At the end of the incubation period, 250 ⁇ l stop buffer (5% BSA plus TME) is added to the reaction plate.
  • the plates are then harvested by Skatron onto GF/B filtermats presoaked in BSA (5 mg/ml) plus TME. Each filter is washed twice. The filters are dried overnight, and the filters are counted on a Wallac Betaplate® counter (available from PerkinElmer Life Sciences®, Boston, Mass.).
  • test compounds are diluted in drug buffer (0.5% BSA, 10% DMSO, and 80.5% TME) and then 25 ⁇ l is added to the deep well polypropylene plate.
  • drug buffer (0.5% BSA, 10% DMSO, and 80.5% TME)
  • 25 ⁇ l is added to the deep well polypropylene plate.
  • CP-55940 is diluted in ligand buffer (0.5% BSA and 99.5% TME) and then 25 ⁇ l is added to each well at a concentration of 1 nM.
  • a BCA protein assay is used to determine the appropriate tissue concentration and 200 ⁇ l of the tissue at the appropriate concentration is added to the plate.
  • the plates are covered and placed in an incubator at 30 0 C for 60 minutes. At the end of the incubation period, 250 ⁇ l stop buffer (5% BSA plus TME) is added to the reaction plate.
  • the plates are then harvested by Skatron format onto GF/B filtermats presoaked in BSA (5 mg/ml) plus TME. Each filter is washed twice. The filters are dried overnight. The filters are then counted on the Wallac BetaplateTM counter.
  • Membranes are prepared from CHO-Kl cells stably transfected with the human CB-I receptor cDNA. Membranes are prepared from cells as described by Bass, et al., (MoI. Pharmacol. 50:709-715, 1996).
  • GTP ⁇ [ 35 S] binding assays are performed in a 96-well FlashPlate® format in duplicate using 100 pM GTPy[ 35 S] and 10 ⁇ g membrane per well in assay buffer composed of 50 mM Tris HCl, pH 7.4, 3 mM MgCl 2 , pH 7.4, 10 mM MgCl 2 , 20 mM EGTA, 100 mM NaCl, 30 ⁇ M GDP, 0.1% bovine serum albumin and the following protease inhibitors: 100 ⁇ g/ml bacitracin, 100 ⁇ g/ml benzamidine, 5 ⁇ g/ml aprotinin, and 5 ⁇ g/ml leupeptin.
  • test compounds 10 "10 M to 10 "5 M) for 10 minutes and challenged with the cannabinoid agonist CP-55940 (10 ⁇ M). Assays are performed at 30 0 C for one hour.
  • the FlashPlates® are then centrifuged at 200Ox g for 10 minutes. Stimulation of GTP ⁇ [ 35 S] binding is then quantified using a Wallac Microbeta.EC 50 calculations done using Prism® by Graphpad. Inverse agonism is measured in the absense of agonist.
  • Cannabinoid agonists such as ⁇ 9 - tetrahydrocannabinol ( ⁇ 9 -THC) and CP-55940 have been shown to affect four characteristic behaviors in mice, collectively known as the Tetrad (Smith, et al., J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 270(l):219-227, 1994; Wiley, et al., Eur. J. Pharmacol. 276(l-2):49-54, 1995). Reversal of these activities in the Locomotor Activity, Catalepsy, Hypothermia, and Hot Plate assays described below provides a screen for in vivo activity of CB-I antagonists.
  • the data are presented as a percent immobility rating.
  • the rating is calculated by dividing the number of seconds the mouse remains motionless by the total time of the observation period and multiplying the result by 100. A percent reversal from the agonist is then calculated.
  • mice Female rats are given 2 hours of access to alcohol (10% v/v and water, 2- bottle choice) daily at the onset of the dark cycle. The rats are maintained on a reverse cycle to facilitate experimenter interactions. The animals are initially assigned to four groups equated for alcohol intakes: Group I—vehicle; Group 2 ⁇ positive control; Group 3— low dose test compound; and Group 4— high dose of test compound. Test compounds are generally mixed into a vehicle of 30% (w/v) ⁇ -cyclodextrin in distilled water at a volume of 1-2 ml/kg. Vehicle injections are given to all groups for the first two days of the experiment. This is followed by 2 days of drug injections (to the appropriate groups) and a final day of vehicle injections. On the drug injection days, drugs are given sc 30 minutes prior to a 2-hour alcohol access period. Alcohol intake for all animals is measured during the test period and a comparison is made between drug and vehicle-treated animals to determine effects of the compounds on alcohol drinking behavior.
  • An intravenous nicotine self-administration model or place preference model may be used to assess the effects of a test compound on nicotine dependence (see, e.g., Vastola, et al. Physiol. Behav. 77:107-114, 2002; Brower, et al., Brain Res. 930:12-20, 2002).
  • Sprague-Dawley rats are used in this study (Vastola, et al., 2002). Animals are housed in a temperature-controlled, 12h/12h illumination cycle with ad libitum access to food and water. Conditioning and testing are conducted in a chamber divided into two compartments with a door separating the two compartments. Behavior of the animals is recorded by video camera.
  • Sprague-Dawley rats are used in this study. Initially, animals are housed in a temperature-controlled, 12h/12h illumination cycle with ad libitum access to food and water. The animals are then implanted with jugular catheters which exit through the animal's back, and each animal is placed in an individual operant chamber (Brower, et al., 2002). The catheters are connected to a computer-driven syringe pump which is located outside of the chamber. The chamber contains two levers with a green light located above each lever. The light is illuminated when nicotine is available.
  • test compound After stable nicotine self-administration is obtained, the effect of a test compound on the nicotine- reinforced behavior may be evaluated. Administration of this test compound prior to the session can either potentiate, extinguish, or produce no change to the self-administrating behavior. Tests are conducted every two days, and the order of the administration of the test compound doses is controlled.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne des dérivés de pyrazole utiles dans le traitement de maladies liées à la modulation des récepteurs cannabinoïdes.
PCT/US2005/041903 2004-11-30 2005-11-18 Derives de pyrazole WO2006060192A2 (fr)

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2014078309A1 (fr) * 2012-11-13 2014-05-22 The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary, Department Of Health & Human Services Composés pour la médiation d'un récepteur des cannabinoïdes
WO2018169387A1 (fr) * 2017-03-13 2018-09-20 Pharma Unlimited B.V. Produits sans tabac et sans fumée consommables par des êtres humains en tant produits épicuriens ou médicaux et procédé de traitement de la dépendance au tabagisme
US10329259B2 (en) 2014-05-09 2019-06-25 The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary, Department Of Health & Human Services Pyrazole derivatives and their use as cannabinoid receptor mediators
US11155521B2 (en) 2012-11-13 2021-10-26 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary, Department Of Health And Human Services Cannabinoid receptor mediating compounds

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US9765031B2 (en) 2012-11-13 2017-09-19 The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary, Department Of Health And Human Services Cannabinoid receptor mediating compounds
US10683270B2 (en) 2012-11-13 2020-06-16 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary, Department Of Health And Human Services Cannabinoid receptor mediating compounds
US10787419B2 (en) 2012-11-13 2020-09-29 The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary, Department Of Health And Human Services Cannabinoid receptor mediating iminopyrazole compounds
US11155521B2 (en) 2012-11-13 2021-10-26 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary, Department Of Health And Human Services Cannabinoid receptor mediating compounds
US11485709B2 (en) 2012-11-13 2022-11-01 The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary, Department Of Health And Human Services Cannabinoid receptor mediating compounds
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