WO2005017076A1 - Dispersion contenant de l'oxyde de metal et son procede de preparation - Google Patents

Dispersion contenant de l'oxyde de metal et son procede de preparation Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2005017076A1
WO2005017076A1 PCT/US2004/005277 US2004005277W WO2005017076A1 WO 2005017076 A1 WO2005017076 A1 WO 2005017076A1 US 2004005277 W US2004005277 W US 2004005277W WO 2005017076 A1 WO2005017076 A1 WO 2005017076A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
metal oxide
dispersion
oxide particles
surfactant
particles
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2004/005277
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Thomas K. Allen
Bret Lanz
Justin D. Coulter
Original Assignee
Nanoscale Materials, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nanoscale Materials, Inc. filed Critical Nanoscale Materials, Inc.
Priority to JP2006521045A priority Critical patent/JP2007533767A/ja
Publication of WO2005017076A1 publication Critical patent/WO2005017076A1/fr

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/188—Carboxylic acids; metal salts thereof
    • C10L1/1881—Carboxylic acids; metal salts thereof carboxylic group attached to an aliphatic carbon atom
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/12—Inorganic compounds
    • C10L1/1233—Inorganic compounds oxygen containing compounds, e.g. oxides, hydroxides, acids and salts thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/24—Organic compounds containing sulfur, selenium and/or tellurium
    • C10L1/2431—Organic compounds containing sulfur, selenium and/or tellurium sulfur bond to oxygen, e.g. sulfones, sulfoxides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/24—Organic compounds containing sulfur, selenium and/or tellurium
    • C10L1/2431—Organic compounds containing sulfur, selenium and/or tellurium sulfur bond to oxygen, e.g. sulfones, sulfoxides
    • C10L1/2437—Sulfonic acids; Derivatives thereof, e.g. sulfonamides, sulfosuccinic acid esters

Definitions

  • the present invention is generally directed toward metal oxide-containing dispersions and methods of preparing the same.
  • Metal oxide-containing dispersions according to the present invention comprise respective quantities of a surfactant, a metal oxide, and a carrier (preferably a liquid carrier, and more preferably a fuel-improver additive).
  • the dispersions exhibit extended stability in that the metal oxide material remains suspended in the dispersion for at least about one month.
  • Methods according to the invention generally comprise providing a quantity of metal oxide particles and dispersing the particles in a carrier with the aid of a surfactant. Depending upon the particular metal oxide particles employed as a starting material, additional processing steps may be necessary to achieve a desired particle size suitable for being dispersed.
  • Fuel improver additives are materials which are added to various fuels such as gasoline, diesel, and kerosene, in order to impart a beneficial property to the fuel.
  • fuel additives can be used to preserve or stabilize fuels for long periods of storage, clean engine components as the fuel is being combusted, dissolve engine deposits, control rust, inhibit friction, reduce emissions, increase fuel economy, reduce engine knock, and remove water which has become dispersed in the fuel as a result of condensation in a storage tank.
  • Fuel additives containing metal oxide materials have been found to be particularly useful in preventing or suppressing the ability of corrosive impurities found in low-grade fuels to damage engine and turbine components. Also, metal oxides assist in reducing pollutants in emissions.
  • Two particular impurities include vanadium and sodium.
  • Combustion of vanadium -containing fuels can produce highly corrosive vanadium oxide deposits which can foul an engine or turbine in a relatively short amount of time.
  • sodium can react with sulfur present in the fuel to form a sulfate which is then deposited in engine or turbine parts.
  • Certain metal oxides, MgO in particular, have proven effective in limiting the corrosive effects of vanadium and sodium by-products.
  • a common problem with fuel additives can be the settling out of various components during storage of the additive, or fuel into which the additive is mixed.
  • fuel additives containing a metal oxide, particularly MgO were basically slurries in which the metal oxide would settle out when stored for even short periods.
  • U.S. Patent No. 4,229,309 discloses a method of producing a magnesium-containing dispersion by reacting Mg(OH) 2 in a non-volatile process fluid containing a dispersant. The reaction proceeds by heating the mixture to a high temperature (at least about 250°C) in order to dehydrate the Mg(OH) 2 and thereby form MgO.
  • the '309 patent itself describes this process as "an almost explosive" reaction in which the Mg(OH) 2 is disintegrated into minute particles of MgO.
  • methods according to the invention generally comprise a means for providing a quantity of finely divided metal oxide particles, preferably particles having an average crystallite size of less than about 20 nm and a per unit weight surface area of at least about 75 m 2 /g, and more preferably at least about 150 m 2 /g.
  • the finely divided particles are then mixed with respective quantities of a surfactant and a carrier for a sufficient time to suspend the metal oxide particles in the dispersion.
  • a process according to the present invention preferably produces a dispersion wherein the metal oxide particles remain suspended for at least about one month, and more preferably at least about 3 months.
  • methods of the invention are suitable for performance at or near ambient conditions.
  • the metal oxide particles are initially mixed with a quantity of carrier to form a slurry.
  • the slurry comprises from about 0.1 -50% by weight of the metal oxide particles, and more preferably from about 5-35% by weight.
  • the metal oxide particles which are dispersed in the slurry are then pulverized thereby effectively reducing the average metal oxide particle size to a desired level, preferably less than about 5 microns, more preferably less than about 1 micron.
  • the pulverization step is carried out by a milling process, however, any suitable process or apparatus for effectively reducing the particle size of the metal oxide dispersed in the slurry is acceptable.
  • the slurry is mixed with a quantity of surfactant thereby forming the dispersion.
  • the mixing step is of a sufficient time to contact the metal oxide particles with the surfactant and suspend the metal oxide particles in the dispersion.
  • an additional quantity of carrier is added to the slurry prior the surfactant addition step. The addition of extra carrier can assist in reducing the viscosity of the surfactant, thereby making the final mixture easier to handle.
  • the amount of additional carrier is at least equal to the amount of surfactant.
  • a quantity of metal oxide particles which are already of the desired size for forming the dispersion are provided. In this embodiment, because the particles are already of the desired size, no pulverization step is required. The metal oxide particles are then mixed with respective quantities of surfactant and carrier for a sufficient time so that the metal oxide particles remain suspended in the dispersion for at least about one month.
  • a quantity of metal oxide particles are provided and undergo a pulverizing step to reduce the size of the particles to a desired level.
  • the pulverizing step comprises passing the metal oxide particles through a mill.
  • any process or apparatus capable of producing the desired particle sizes may be used.
  • the pulverized metal oxide particles are then mixed with respective quantities of surfactant and carrier to produce the dispersion, wherein the metal oxide particles remain suspended for at least about one month.
  • Preferred metal oxide particles for use with the present invention are selected from the group consisting of MgO, CaO, TiO 2 , Fe 2 O 3 , SrO, BaO, and combinations thereof, with MgO being most preferred.
  • Any surfactant capable of suspending the metal oxide particles in the liquid carrier may be used, however, preferred surfactants are selected from the group consisting of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, aliphatic and aromatic sulfonic acids, and combinations thereof.
  • Oleic acid and dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid are particularly preferred surfactants for use in the present invention. If oleic acid is selected as the surfactant, the weight ratio of oleic acid to metal oxide is preferably at least about 50: 1. If dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid is selected as the surfactant, the weight ratio of dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid to metal oxide is preferably at least aboutl4: 1.
  • Carrier materials for use with the present invention can be mixtures of multiple components. Preferably, the carriers comprise some type of liquid fuel improver additive.
  • any commercial or non-commercial fuel improver additive may be used within the scope of the present invention.
  • Preferred fuel additives include those which comprise aliphatic and aromatic C4-C20 hydrocarbon compounds, glycol ethers, and esters.
  • Preferred metal oxide-containing dispersions according to the invention comprise from about 10-50%) by weight of surfactant (more preferably from about 20-40%), from about 0.1 -50%) by weight of metal oxide (more preferably from about 5-35%), and from about 50-90%) by weight of carrier (more preferably from about 60-80%>).
  • hydrocarbon fuels which comprise a quantity of a metal oxide-containing dispersion made in accordance with the present invention.
  • the inventive dispersion preferably in the form of a fuel improver additive, is added to the hydrocarbon fuel at a level sufficient to treat fuel contaminants.
  • Preferred hydrocarbon fuels include but are not limited to gasoline, diesel, and kerosene.
  • the slurry had the characteristics of a thick, gray paste that was basically insoluble in the fuel improver additive.
  • the surfactant oleic acid was added at a ratio of 50 parts by weight for each part MgO.
  • An additional quantity of fuel improver was added to reduce the viscosity of the surfactant, thereby making the final slurry mixture easier to handle.
  • the milled MgO slurry and surfactant were mixed using a high-speed mixer. Mixing continued for about
  • the final product was a transparent, light yellow-brown liquid comprising 56.7% by weight of the fuel improver additive, 42.4% by weight oleic acid, and 0.9% by weight MgO.
  • the oleic acid of the above example may be replaced with dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid at a ratio of 14 parts by weight per part MgO to yield a composition comprising 72.5 % by weight of the fuel improver additive, 25.7% by weight dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid, and 1.8% by weight MgO.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne des dispersions contenant de l'oxyde de métal et leurs procédés de production. Généralement, les dispersions de l'invention comprennent des quantités respectives de tensioactif, d'oxyde de métal et d'excipient. Les procédés de l'invention consistent généralement à prévoir une quantité de particules d'oxyde métallique de la taille souhaitée pour permettre leur dispersion dans un excipient à l'aide d'un tensioactif. Si nécessaire, les particules d'oxyde métallique peuvent être mélangées à l'excipient et subir ensuite une phase de pulvérisation, la taille moyenne des particules étant ainsi réduite au niveau souhaité, ou les particules d'oxyde métallique peuvent être pulvérisées avant leur addition à l'excipient. Les dispersions de l'invention présentent généralement une stabilité excellente, en ce que les particules d'oxyde métallique restent suspendues dans la dispersion pendant au moins un mois.
PCT/US2004/005277 2003-07-21 2004-02-20 Dispersion contenant de l'oxyde de metal et son procede de preparation WO2005017076A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2006521045A JP2007533767A (ja) 2003-07-21 2004-02-20 金属酸化物含有分散体およびその調製方法

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US10/623,694 2003-07-21
US10/623,694 US20050016061A1 (en) 2003-07-21 2003-07-21 Metal oxide-containing dispersion and method of preparing the same

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2005017076A1 true WO2005017076A1 (fr) 2005-02-24

Family

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US2004/005277 WO2005017076A1 (fr) 2003-07-21 2004-02-20 Dispersion contenant de l'oxyde de metal et son procede de preparation

Country Status (3)

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US (1) US20050016061A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2007533767A (fr)
WO (1) WO2005017076A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2007120262A2 (fr) * 2005-11-10 2007-10-25 The Lubrizol Corporation Procédé de contrôle de sous-produits ou de polluants de la combustion de carburants/combustibles

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20070175088A1 (en) * 2006-01-30 2007-08-02 William Robert Selkirk Biodiesel fuel processing
ES2467099T3 (es) * 2006-08-28 2014-06-11 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Aparato y método para controlar el caudal de un líquido criogénico
US10538713B1 (en) * 2017-05-19 2020-01-21 United Technologies Corporation Process and chemistry for formulating magnesium treated boron powder into a combustible slurry fuel
CN114621797B (zh) * 2022-03-15 2023-08-25 上海理工大学 一种界面强化硼基悬浮燃料、制备方法及其应用

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3409560A (en) * 1965-08-23 1968-11-05 Perolin Co Inc Metal oxide dispersions
US4229309A (en) * 1977-07-18 1980-10-21 Petrolite Corporation Magnesium-containing dispersions
DE4316301A1 (de) * 1992-06-20 1993-12-23 Karl Neuhart Mahlvorrichtung
JPH0917626A (ja) * 1995-07-03 1997-01-17 Toyohisa Fujita シリコーンオイルベースの磁性流体およびその製法
US6416818B1 (en) * 1998-08-17 2002-07-09 Nanophase Technologies Corporation Compositions for forming transparent conductive nanoparticle coatings and process of preparation therefor
US6544618B1 (en) * 1999-05-06 2003-04-08 Cabot Corporation Thermally reflective layer-porous metal oxide film insulation composite

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3923712A (en) * 1973-04-25 1975-12-02 Basic Inc Metal oxide paste dispersions and use as curing agents
IL118088A0 (en) * 1995-06-07 1996-08-04 Anzon Inc Colloidal particles of solid flame retardant and smoke suppressant compounds and methods for making them
GB9912002D0 (en) * 1999-05-25 1999-07-21 Acma Ltd Metal oxide dispersions
WO2003026446A1 (fr) * 2001-09-19 2003-04-03 Maruo Calcium Company Limited Composition d'additif alimentaire en poudre et en coulis et composition alimentaire les contenant
US7674401B2 (en) * 2001-12-18 2010-03-09 Asahi Kasei Kabushiki Kaisha Method of producing a thin conductive metal film

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3409560A (en) * 1965-08-23 1968-11-05 Perolin Co Inc Metal oxide dispersions
US4229309A (en) * 1977-07-18 1980-10-21 Petrolite Corporation Magnesium-containing dispersions
DE4316301A1 (de) * 1992-06-20 1993-12-23 Karl Neuhart Mahlvorrichtung
JPH0917626A (ja) * 1995-07-03 1997-01-17 Toyohisa Fujita シリコーンオイルベースの磁性流体およびその製法
US6416818B1 (en) * 1998-08-17 2002-07-09 Nanophase Technologies Corporation Compositions for forming transparent conductive nanoparticle coatings and process of preparation therefor
US6544618B1 (en) * 1999-05-06 2003-04-08 Cabot Corporation Thermally reflective layer-porous metal oxide film insulation composite

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2007120262A2 (fr) * 2005-11-10 2007-10-25 The Lubrizol Corporation Procédé de contrôle de sous-produits ou de polluants de la combustion de carburants/combustibles
WO2007120262A3 (fr) * 2005-11-10 2008-04-03 Lubrizol Corp Procédé de contrôle de sous-produits ou de polluants de la combustion de carburants/combustibles
US20090217570A1 (en) * 2005-11-10 2009-09-03 The Lubrizol Corporation Method of Controlling By-Products or Pollutants from Fuel Combustion
RU2492215C2 (ru) * 2005-11-10 2013-09-10 Зе Лубризол Копэрейшн Способ регулирования побочных продуктов или загрязняющих веществ, образующихся при сжигании топлива (варианты), топливная композиция, топливная дисперсия и снижение количества выбросов с ее помощью

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Publication number Publication date
JP2007533767A (ja) 2007-11-22
US20050016061A1 (en) 2005-01-27

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